Rudd - enye yezinhlanzi zethu ezinhle kakhulu, inombala okhanyayo kakhulu. Uma ubheka kuqala, i-rudd ifanekisela ukufana okukhulu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi empeleni yiphutha. Kepha ukungasho ukuthi ubudoda buhle kakhulu kunokubaza. Inyama yenhlanzi ebomvu ayisosawoti, kepha inemumva engemuva okuyinqwaba okungeke kutholwe yiwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphekwe kahle, isidlo sizoba sinambitha kakhulu.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala enobudlova

Rudd - Inhlanzi emangalisayo futhi enhle. Lesi sakhamuzi sokokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile siyisihlobo sezidumbu, ezingomndeni waso. Isici saso umthunzi obomvu okhanyayo wamaphini (okwathiwa igama lawo). Njengoba ukwazi ukubona isithombe, mfethu kulula ukudidanisa ne-roach, njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zingathandabuzi ukufana ngokufana ngokubukeka.

Kepha kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa lezi zidalwa zasemanzini ngombala wamehlo wazo, anombala wewolintshi emgobeni, futhi ukubukeka kwale nhlanzi kumangalisa ngokwedlula lokhu. Kunokunye umehluko: amazinyo we-sawtooth aqoqene kabili nomlomo oqonde phezulu, kanye nesethi ezinye izinto ezicashile ezitholakala emqubeni. Yize kunezindlela zokwenziwa ezihlanganisiwe ngokuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu kwezimpawu zangaphandle.

Umzimba we-irudd wegolide futhi ucwebezelwe, uphakeme impela futhi uyisicaba kusukela ezinhlangothini, ubude bawo bufinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Indawo ebomvu ibonakala kahle ku-torso engenhla. Isisindo somuntu omkhulu kwezinye izimo singafinyelela amakhilogremu amabili noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi zivame ukuba zincane kakhulu.

Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi laziwa kakhulu ngabadobi eYurophu: hhayi iRussia kuphela, kodwa neSweden, iNgilandi neFrance, futhi lusatshalaliswa kabanzi eCentral Asia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ihlala emachibini ahlukahlukene amachibi nemifula, igeleza, kufaka phakathi, olwandle oluningi lwaseRussia, kubandakanya i-Aral, iCaspian, i-Azov, emnyama nabanye.

Ngokushesha lapho kungabizwanga abathandi basekhaya ukujabulela izinhlanzi ezintsha: i-magpie, i-magpie, i-magpie. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa yizakhamuzi ezibomvu ezinamehlo noma abomvu anezindawo zokugcina. Izinhlanzi ezinje zitholakala emanzini aseCanada, eTunisia naseziqhingini zaseMadagascar.

Imvamisa, imvamisa ihlala ehlane, imifula igeleza buthule, amachibi, amakhethini nezindawo zokugcina amanzi ziningi iminduze yamanzi, umhlanga kanye nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini, lapho kunezindawo ezivikelekile ngokwanele zokufihla izisulu ezisongela impilo.

Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yontethezi

Ama-rudd amancane akhetha ukugcina amaphakethe, angavame ukubhekelwa ngasogwini, phakathi kwezingibe, izitshalo zasendle kanye nezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Amaqembu anjalo kulula ukuwathola emathangeni omhlanga, lapho abhukuda exutshwe nezinye izinhlanzi: i-bream, i-tench, nge-crucian carp.

Abantu abakhulu nabanolwazi olwengeziwe, njengokomthetho, baya ezindaweni ezitholakala emanzini angajulile, bafuna kuphela ukudla, nesikhathi esisele bathanda ukuhamba, baye ezindaweni zamanzi, lapho kunenkululeko ethe xaxa yokuhamba. Lapho sebekhethe indawo yabo yokuhlala, i-rudd ayivamile ukuyiguqula, iholele ikakhulukazi empilweni yokuhlala, ingabi nemfiso yokuhamba ngokwemvelo.

Ngokwemvelo, lezi zinhlanzi ezivilaphayo futhi ezikhuthele kancane, kodwa uma kunesidingo zingaba namandla, ziphilile, yize zihlala zilandela ukuqaphela. Njengamagundane futhi i-carp, mfethu bakhetha ukumba ngokujulile emathangeni ezitshalo zasemanzini, lapho bezizwa bezolile.

Inyama yethumbu ayinamafutha nhlobo, kepha ukunambitheka kwayo kuhlukile, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke umuntu obheka izitsha ezivela kulomuntu osemanzini okufanele azinake. Kepha uma umpheki ehlangabezana nomuhle, ikakhulukazi uma azi izimfihlo ezikhethekile zokupheka izibiliboco zezinhlanzi ezinezimfanelo ezithile zokunambitheka, enza konke ngokwemithetho, khona-ke izindlebe ezithosiwe, nezithosiwe ziyatholakala - injabulo nje.

Ngentwasahlobo, ama-rudd ajwayele ukusebenzisa i-algae ehlanzekile ne-kamalibhele njengokudla, okwenza inyama yawo ibe munyu ukunambitheka ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Futhi lesi simo sikwazi ukonakalisa ubumnandi bokudla okulungiselelwe kwezinhlanzi. Ukubamba isisulu kwenziwe kangcono ngenduku yokudoba.

I-Krasnoperki ithanda ukufudumala, ngakho-ke indlela yokuphila esebenzayo kakhulu ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Futhi kungale nkathi yabadobi lapho, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iphumelela kakhulu. NgoSepthemba, rudd Kungcono ukubamba lapho kunelanga elangeni emahlathini wezitshalo zasogwini. Ezindaweni ezinamanzi avulekile ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, izinhlanzi azivamile ukuphuma.

Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, imihlambi yezindunduma iyawa, futhi iwela emigodini ebusika. Yiwa ngobudlova funa indawo yokukhosela ekujuleni okukhulu, lapho icashe khona ngaphambi kokufika kwezinsuku ezifudumele, ulinde umzuzu lapho imisebe yelanga ifudumele ngokuphelele indawo yamanzi.

Ukudla okubomvu

I-Krasnoperki ithande ikakhulukazi ukudla okunezitshalo, okuqukethe amahlumela amasha wezitshalo zasemanzini, kepha engeza izibungu, izibungu nezinambuzane, kanye ne-caviar enempilo yezinye izinhlanzi ekudleni kwazo.

Imikhuba yezilwane ezidla inyama nayo iyisimo salezi zidalwa, futhi inyamazane yazo ingahle ibe ngamadambadlu, amasele kanye nefry ging. Ehlobo, i-rudd imvamisa ijabulela amaqanda enkume, ewabeka emaqabunga eminduze yamanzi, imunca lobu bumnandi obunesici esibuhlungu salezinhlanzi.

Imvamisa, abadobi abanolwazi basebenzisa izindunduma, iminyundu yegazi kanye nezimpethu ngeyithiyithi lapho bebamba ubudoda. Futhi lobu bumnandi busebenza njengesibambo esihle senhlanzi. Futhi ukuthola ama-crumbs wesinkwa esihle kakhulu nama-semolina asakazeke phezu kwamanzi, okunikeza imiphumela.

Ukuzala kabusha kanye nokulindelwa kwempilo yobudlova

Ngonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila inhlanzi ebomvu ikhula ngokwanele ukwenza imisebenzi yokuzala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zidalwa zasemanzini ziyakwazi ukunqobelana hhayi kuphela nabamele bazo zombuso ofanayo, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifuze lezo ezisesimweni sofuzo, kuyilapho inzalo izalwa.

Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, okuvame ukwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, izinkezo ezibomvu zenhlanzi ziya ziqhakaza, okubonisa ukulungela kwayo ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzala. Izinhlanzi zinamathisela amaqanda, ngesilinganiso esifinyelela kumaqanda angamakhulu amaningana, elinganisa cishe amamayela, kuya ezihlahleni ze-algae. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yokuqala yesizini iphuzi ngokugqamile, kanti eyesibili neyesithathu ngombala kukhanya kakhulu.

Noma kunjalo, inani lamaqanda athosiwe yi-rudd livame ukuba likhulu, ambalwa kuphela awo akhula abe ngabantu abaphumelelayo, bese kuthi abanye, ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, bafe noma bangabi nalutho. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuhluma, izibungu zivela emaqanda, lapho kwakheka uFry ngo-Agasti. I-rudd ihlala iminyaka eyi-19.

Ngabe ubukeka unjani

Esithombeni somhlanga ku-Intanethi ungabona kalula izici zayo, ngenxa yokuthi yathola igama laso. Amaphiko anemibala egqamile, umzimba ophoqekile ezinhlangothini, ikhanda elincane, isikali sesiliva - yilokhu ubukeka obudakayo.

Ikhula kancane, lapho kuphela unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, inhlanzi ifinyelela kubude obuyi-4-6 cm, eminyakeni embalwa ezayo ikhula ngokulinganayo ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuye kuqhamuke izinhlobo ezinkulu, ezinesisindo esifinyelela kuma-2 kg, kepha lokhu kungcono.

Impilo ebusayo icishe ibe yiminyaka eyi-10-12.

Izici zokuhluza

Ngomnyaka wesihlanu wokuphila, inhlanzi ifinyelela ekukhuleni. I-rudd iqala ukuvela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbala wamawele ubomvu ngokugqamile ngombala wewolintshi.

Owesifazane, njengomthetho, ubeka ama-servings ama-3 e-caviar. Amaqanda mancane, angabi ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ububanzi, ambozwe ngenqwaba yokunamathela futhi anamathiselwe kalula emacembe, isiqu nezimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini.

Esikhathini esisodwa sokuzala, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kwezingama-230. Lokhu kukhiqizwa ngokweqile akuyona ingozi: amaqanda amaningi azofa ngenxa yamazinga aphansi amanzi ngenxa yesomiso noma ukusikwa kwangaphansi.

Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, izibungu ezingama-5 mm ubude kuzo, lapho izibungu zifinyelela osayizi abangama-30 mm, ukuqalwa kwentsha kuqala. Fry zigcinwa emaphaketheni ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezifudumele ezingenhla.

Kuphi

ISoroga ayikuthandi ukushesha, ithanda amanzi anesimo esibuthakathaka samanje, amachibi, amachibi, uma kungumfula, khona-ke ikhetha ukubuyela emuva kanye nemiselekazi, udaka oluzolile, olugcwele ngomhlanga nodaka.

ISoroga iyalithanda ilanga, iyathanda ukubhukuda futhi ibhasikidi elangeni lingena ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi. Kusihlwa - sishintsha indawo yaso futhi sisondela ezansi, lapho amanzi engakapholi khona.

Nakani!

Izici zokuhluza

Ngomnyaka wesihlanu wokuphila, inhlanzi ifinyelela ekukhuleni. I-rudd iqala ukuvela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbala wamawele ubomvu ngokugqamile ngombala wewolintshi.

Owesifazane, njengomthetho, ubeka ama-servings ama-3 e-caviar. Amaqanda mancane, angabi ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ububanzi, ambozwe ngenqwaba yokunamathela futhi anamathiselwe kalula emacembe, isiqu nezimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini.

Esikhathini esisodwa sokuzala, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kwezingama-230. Lokhu kukhiqizwa ngokweqile akuyona ingozi: amaqanda amaningi azofa ngenxa yamazinga aphansi amanzi ngenxa yesomiso noma ukusikwa kwangaphansi.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, izibungu ezingama-5mm ubude kuzo, lapho izibungu zifinyelela osayizi abangama-30 mm, kuqala ukuqina okubomvu. Fry zigcinwa emaphaketheni ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezifudumele ezingenhla.

Kuphi

ISoroga ayikuthandi ukushesha, ithanda amanzi anesimo esibuthakathaka samanje, amachibi, amachibi, uma kungumfula, khona-ke ikhetha ukubuyela emuva kanye nemiselekazi, udaka oluzolile, olugcwele ngomhlanga nodaka.

ISoroga iyalithanda ilanga, iyathanda ukubhukuda futhi ibhasikidi elangeni lingena ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi. Kusihlwa - sishintsha indawo yaso futhi sisondela ezansi, lapho amanzi engakapholi khona.

Nakani!

Umsebenzi omkhulu wale nhlanzi uqhubeka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Lapho-ke ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa elenzekileko, inhlanzi ivimba amandla ayo okudla bese ibeka uhlobo lokuzithokozisa phansi kodaka. Lapho, ubekezelela kalula ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo emanzini bese ephuma endaweni yakhe yokuhlala entwasahlobo.

Izinhlanzi ezihlwayayo, eziqaphile, kodwa ezimnandi, yile ndlela iningi labadobi-ochwepheshe abachaza ngayo obudlayo.

Izici zokudoba

Isici esilandelayo siphathelene nokuthi ungabamba kanjani ukukhohlisa. ISoroga ithanda amanzi azolile, ogwini olunosilika. Ngakho-ke, babamba ubomvu obomvu emachibini nasemachibini, nasemifuleni ezolile yomfula, kude nomfudlana omkhulu.

Ehlobo, izinhlanzi zibanjwa eduze nasogwini ngokujula kwenduku yokudoba. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, lapho izinhlanzi zidinga ukudotshwa zisuka ezansi, kukhethwa isicwilisa esindayo.

Ukusuka ekuthini isisihego, imidlwane ikhetha izibungu zezinambuzane, ithatha kahle isibungu, kanti isibungu se-dragonfly siyiphatha kakhulu - izimpukane zekaddis.

Marine rudd

EPrimorye, esiQhingini saseKuril naseSakhalin, eHokkaido nasogwini olusenyakatho lwesiqhingi saseHonshu kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile zerudd - coarse and scared scud-oai, ibukeka njengomfula, kepha inomzimba omude ngokwedlula.

I-Marine rudd iyinhlanzi edidayo: ihlala olwandle, kepha ifafaza emanzini amasha. UReffin Ugai ubizwa ngokuthi yindlovukazi yokudoba.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, yabanjwa ngamanethi amanetha ngesikhathi sokuluka, ngenxa yalokho inani lancishiswa kakhulu. Manje le ndlela yokudoba ayisetshenziswa.

Isobho lezinhlanzi ezingekho endlebeni alilungiswa kangako, ochwepheshe bathi inyama yalo ebilisiwe inika udaka. Kepha i-roach ethosiwe - imnandi kakhulu! Ukubanjwa okusha.

Kwangathi uhambo lwakho lokudoba lungaphumelela futhi nesidlo sakho sakusihlwa simnandi!

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-rudd ihlukaniswa ngumzimba ophakeme, othambile ezinhlangothini, kanye nekhanda elincane. Amazinyo akhe abukhali kakhulu (lokhu kuyaqondakala, inhlanzi idla inyama), i-sawtooth futhi ihlelwe ngemigqa emi-2. Isikali semidumba sikhulu kakhulu, umuntu angahle athi - obukhulu. Ngokuvamile, izindunduma ezinhlangothini zinamaphethini angama-37-44. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu be-rudd bungafinyelela ku-50 cm, kanti inhlanzi ayinasisindo esingaphezu kuka-2-2.1 kg.

Noma ngobuningi bamacala, ubukhulu nesisindo somndilili ojwayelekile kuncane kakhulu. Lesi sici sichazwa yiqiniso lokuthi i-rudd ingenye yezinhlanzi ezikhula kancane (ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ubude bomzimba wayo banda bufika ku-4,5 mm), ukuze kuthi kube ngabantu abadala kuphela nabadala asebekwazi ukufinyelela usayizi ophelele nosayizi (ngokwemvelo , ngamazinga ezinhlanzi) abantu ngamunye.

Umhlanga unemibala egqamile, ingemuva layo linombala onsundu ngombala ocwebezelayo ngombala ocwebezelayo. Kokunye okubhaliwe, luhlaza okotshani. Isikali esiswini sikhanyile, yisiliva, kanti izinhlangothi zigolide. Ngokwemvelo, amaphiko eselusi, anikeze igama lawo, abomvu ngokugqamile. Ngokuphathelene nokubonakala kwale nhlanzi - kunephuzu elilodwa elihehayo. Kusendaweni yokuthi umbala wabantu abasebasha awukhanyi njengalowo ovuthiwe ngokobulili nomuntu obudala. Ngokunokwenzeka, lesi sici sichazwa ngokucaciswa "kokuvuthwa" kwalezinhlanzi.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Yini ebukeka njengesidoda

Imvamisa, ngisho nabadobi abanokuhlangenwe nakho badidanisa izintethe ngenhlanzi efanayo futhi ejwayelekile - i-roach. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba ukufana kwabo kwangaphandle kusobala. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezimpawu ezimbalwa lapho lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zingahlukaniswa khona (ngisho nangaphambi kokuba inyamazane iphekiwe futhi idliwe).

Ngakho-ke, i-roach ihluke kanjani ku-rudd:

• Umzimba we-rudd ubanzi futhi mude - ngokuqhathaniswa nomzimba wethambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-rudd ingaphansi kakhulu embozwe nge-mucus,
• umbala we-roach awukhanyi futhi muhle - ubudake bubukeka buhle kakhulu
• Amehlo abomvu awolintshi ngombala, ngenkathi kubomvu abomvu egazini,
• kukhona umehluko esakhiweni kanye nenani lamazinyo. I-Roach (inhlanzi ene-herbivorous) ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngamazinyo akhombe, futhi itholakala emgqeni owodwa naye. Endabeni yokuqina, ungabona ngokushesha imigqa emi-2 yamazinyo abukhali futhi aqinile, alungele ukudliwa kwezilwane ezincane nezinhlanzi,
• izikali ze-roach zikhulu kancane
• kunomehluko ekuziphatheni kwezinhlobo, yize umdobi ekwazi ukukuhlola kuphela ngendlela engaqondile. Into yokuthi i-roach ibuthana emhlambini omkhulu kakhulu, ngenkathi irudd ithanda ukuhlala "emindenini eminingi".

Uhlala kuphi umhlanga?

Photo: Redfin emanzini

I-Krasnoperk njengendawo yokuhlala ikhetha izindawo zamachibi akhiwe nge-algae kanye nomhlanga, ngaphandle kokusheshisa okusheshayo noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, amanzi amachibi agelezayo, amachibi, kanye nemifula ethule yemifula - lezi yizindlela ezinhle zokugunda. Akunandaba ukuthi kuzwakala kuyinqaba kanjani, i-rudd ayithandi amanzi amasha. Futhi ukuba khona kwensimbi eqinile kuye ngokuvamile kuyisici esibonisa ukungafaneleki kwendawo yokugcina izinto eziphilayo. Ngokufanelekile, i-rudd kungenzeka ukuthi ibanjwe emifuleni esezintabeni, esheshayo - ayizithandi izihlambi ezinjalo.

I-rudd cishe ayize ize ifike ngaphansi konxweme olintantayo - indawo oyithandayo ye-tench kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi azifihli (ngisho nasekushiseni) ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezimpande eziphuma ogwini. Kulokhu, ngendlela, umehluko owodwa ngaphezulu kusuka ekugundweni ulandelwa - wona, noma ngabe uphoqiwe ukuhlanganyela echibini elilodwa ngentambo, unamathela ezindaweni ezivulekile kakhulu. Yebo, futhi ukubhukuda, okungenani eduze phansi. I-Krasnoperka imvama ukubonakala eduzane nasezindlini zokugeza, amabhuloho kanye namafulethi - kodwa kuphela uma kungekho zimila zasemanzini eduze.

Ngokuphathelene nesifundo - yebo, i-rudd ayimthandi, kepha ayinakho okuphikisana nababuthakathaka, ngokuzithandela ukuhlala eduzane ne-whirlpool. Le ndawo idonsela umhlanga ngenqwaba yokudla. Ngokuya ngesivinini, akunakuphikwa ukuthi kungaphansi kokugobhoza, futhi labo badobi ababone ukuthi ichichima kangakanani, noma ngokunembile, ngezikhathi ezithile ngenkathi bedlala phezu kwamanzi, bathi ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuthi lokhu kuhlinza kwenziwa inhlanzi enamandla kakhulu kunokugoqa.

Manje uyazi ukuthi uthini utholakala kuphi. Masibone ukuthi udlani.

Ngabe udlani udlani?

Isithombe: inhlanzi ebomvu

Ngokuya kokudla, i-rudd ayizithobi ngokuphelele, yize iyiqiniso ukuthi iyisidlakela esijwayelekile.

Eqinisweni, le nhlanzi i-emnivorous, futhi idla cishe konke okufanele ukwenze:

• izibungu ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane zasemanzini nezinambuzane ngokwazo,
• izibungu
• i-caviar enamanzi amnandi,
• ukudla okutshala, okungukuthi: i-algae, iplankton kanye namahlumela amancane ezitshalo zasemanzini.

Kunesici esisodwa esibalulekile maqondana nokudla - ama-rudd amancane adla kuphela i-zooplankton. Futhi lapho kuqala ukuthomba baphendukela "ekukwazini amandla", bedla ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Ukudla kwezindunduma zabantu abadala, ngaphezu kwakho konke okungenhla, kumelelwa amahlumela amancane ezitshalo zasemanzini kanye nolwelwe oluhlanzekile. Akayideleli i-caviar yezinye izinhlanzi, nezilwane ezincane nazo zidla ngentokozo.

Ehlobo, i-rudd izimisele kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-caviar yomnenke, eziyiphonsa ngemuva kwamaqabunga eminduze yamanzi (okusho lelo elibheke emanzini). Ngakho-ke lapho uya kodoba kusihlwa esihle sikaJuni, ungezwa ukukhala okuzwakalayo kukubhaxabula emathangeni eminduze yamanzi - lokhu kungumbala ohlanza kakhulu ulwelwesi lwesikhumba se-mucous olunamathele emaqabunga eminduze yamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe kakhulu inani leminenke. Kuzwakala umsindo ofanayo emoyeni futhi ubanjwe yindunduma.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: I-rudd ejwayelekile

Ekupheleni kokuphela kukaSepthemba, izinsizwa ezinamathele ziphenduka umhlanga futhi, ebusika kakhulu lapho. Abantu abadala, abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili, ngalesi sikhathi, bakhetha ukunamathela ezindaweni ezijulile. Amarabi azama kancane futhi mancane ukuvela ebusweni bamanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngenyanga ka-Okthoba bawela ebusika. Ngamafuphi, kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba, umuntu kungenzeka angabi nethemba lokuthi uzobanjwa yinduku. Okungenani, ukusebenzisa induku ejwayelekile ukuntanta ukwenza lokhu nakanjani ngeke kukusebenzele.

Emachibini nasezichibini, kanye nasemifuleni engashoni, ebusika, lapho umoya-mpilo unganele, izindunduma zintanta eduze kwamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingabanjwa ngamanani amakhulu. Noma kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi i-rudd yinhlanzi eqinile kakhulu. Kucishe kungazethembi ikhwalithi yamanzi njenge-tench, futhi kube namandla amakhulu, nokuqina okujwayelekile okuyisisekelo.

Inani eliphakeme le-rudd ejwayelekile kungenxa yokuthi ukubanjwa kwale nhlanzi kugcwele ubunzima obukhulu - kunzima kakhulu ukubamba, ngoba i-rudd ikhombisa ukuqaphela okwandayo. Izinhlanzi zivame ukuvela ezindaweni ezivulekile, futhi ezisengozini zifihla ngokushesha emathangeni ezimila zasemanzini - lesi sici sinzima kakhulu ezitheni zemvelo. Kepha abadobi banaka iqiniso lokuthi ukudoba ama-rudd kungenzeka kuphela ngamalithi aphuzi aphuzi. Isici sale nhlanzi ukunganaki okuphelele kokudla kweminye imibala.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: i-rudd (yonke imininingwane engaphansi kwayo) ayitholanga ukubaluleka kwezimboni. Isizathu ukunambitheka okumunyu kancane. Kepha kuma-angler ezemidlalo kuyinto ethakazelisa kakhulu - ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendawo ebanzi nobunzima bokubanjwa. I-rudd ayibanjwa ukuze kuphekwe izindlebe kuyo - inqubo yokubamba uqobo ibalulekile kubadobi.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Eminyakeni engu-3-5 yokuphila, i-rudd ifinyelela ekukhuleni. Usayizi waso ngalesi sikhathi usuvele ubude bawo buyi-11-12 cm, kanti nenhlanzi iba isilungele ukuqhuma. Isikhathi sale nqubo siyizinyanga ezingama-2-3, kusukela ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi (ukuqala kuya ngendawo) kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi le nkathi ibalulekile lapho kubhekwa amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-16-16 degrees. Ngesikhathi sokunwebeka, umbala we-rudd uvele ucace kakhulu futhi ubonakale kunasesikhathi sonke.

I-caviar yezinhlanzi igwinywa ezitshalweni zasemanzini, futhi ukhula alukhishwe konke ngasikhathi sinye, kepha lufakwe ngokuqinile. Okunye okufakiwe kulezi zinhlanzi ukuthi ngaphambi komzuzu wokuzala, ama-2 servings we-caviar awaveli ukuvuthwa, kanti owesithathu ubunjwe khona lapho ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Amaqanda ngokwawo anamathela, futhi angobubanzi be-1-1,5 mm. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-rudd iphonsa amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-232, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukuyithola kubathandi ukuthi izuze inzuzo ngo-fry ongazalwa (amaqanda ngokuvamile anamathele ezimpandeni zezitshalo zasemanzini, kanti umbethe ugcotshwa kahle).

Isikhathi sesikhathi sokufikisa asidluli izinsuku ezi-3. Lapho kudonswa ngo-fry, ubude bawo bube ngu-5 mm, kuthi lapho sekufinyelele kuma-30 mm, kuvuleke isikhathi esithile samaFry. Ubungako besibalo esilinganiselwe silinganiselwe iqiniso lokuthi iningi labathosi abafayo bangafa ngesikhathi sokufakwa, libe "yisidlo sasekuseni" sabazingeli abancane.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Inani elikhulu le-rudd nalo lichazwa iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, bangaganana nabanye abamele izinhlanzi ezingamalungu omndeni we-cyprinid. Ngakho-ke, ama-hybrid ama-rudd nge-carp ye-crucian, i-tench, i-bream, nokunye okuningi nge-roach kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuthakazelisa kakhulu, ngokungahambisani nemithetho yezakhi zofuzo, nzalo evela ngenxa yokuwela lokho ayiphelelwa amandla okuzala futhi ikhiqize ngokuphepha inzalo ende. Lesi sici singesinye isimo esivumelana nokukhula ngokushesha kwesibalo sabantu abavamile.

Izitha Zemvelo

Photo: Yini ebukeka njengesidoda

Ngenxa yobukhulu besibalo sawo, imidumba ejwayelekile kaningi iba yindlela yokwelapha izisulu zamanzi ahlanzekile anjenge-pike, i-catfish kanye ne-perches - izinhlanzi ezinkulu ziye zafunda ukunqoba wonke amaqhinga awo. Ngokuyinhloko, ubukhona bezitha zemvelo okuyisici esikhulu esivimbela ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu - ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi kugcinwe ukulingana esimweni semvelo yezidumbu zamanzi, ngoba i- "roach ebomvu" izalela ngamanani amakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kungekho khona izingqinamba, izinhlanzi ziba ngodoti. AbakwaKarasi abalokothi bahlasele i-rudd evuthiwe, kuyinkinga ukuthola i-caviar (eyokugcina beyifihle futhi ngokwethembekile), kepha kulula ukudla izilwane ezincane. Esinye isitha somsila iminenke - amachibi amancane namakhulu. Masithi nje bamphendula “ngokuphendula” kwakhe, bachitha amaqanda.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu uhlala eyisitha esikhulu se-roach ebheke phambili ebomvu - futhi hhayi umdobi ojwayelekile onenduku yokudoba, noma ngisho nomuntu ozingela ngenetha. Ukwanda kwesibalo salezi zinhlanzi kushesha kakhulu kangangokuba ngazo zonke izifiso zokungaziqothuli. Kepha ukuphuma kwezimboni kwamabhizinisi kubangela ukulimala okungalungiseki ku-rudd. Kepha ngisho i-rudd ihambile ukuze ibhekane nale nkinga - ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezinto ezilimazayo, zihamba kakhulu ziye phezulu emfuleni bese ziyabuya. Ukulimala kokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali kuye kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kuyabulala kakhulu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: inhlanzi ebomvu

Ngaphezu kobudlabha obujwayelekile obujwayelekile, kunezinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinhlanzi.

I-scudd Scardinius acarnanicus. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi ku-rudd kuhlala kuphela eningizimu yeGrisi, okuyisibonelo esiyisisekelo sokuphela. Umzimba wale nhlanzi ufinyelela ku-33 cm ubude. Ngaphandle kokungafani kokuhanjiswa kwebanga, le rudd inomehluko ongasho lutho ovela ku-rudd ejwayelekile - umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinkampani ezimbili usesakhiweni esithile samaphini nenani lama-stamens we-branchial.

IScardinius acarnanicus iqhamuka ukusuka ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi kuya kuJulayi kufaka phakathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbono onjalo odabukisayo uthinta kuphela i-Scudinius acarnanicus, i-Scardinius racovitzai kanye ne-Scardinius graecus (sizokhuluma ngayo ngezansi). Inani lazo zonke ezinye izingosi ezingezansi zikhulisa ngokuthe xaxa uhla lwazo.

Isiyaluyalu sesiGrikhi. Igama lesiLatini lale subspecies yiScardinius graecus. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-Ilikskie rudd - igama linikezwa ngendawo yokuhlala (inhlanzi ehlala echibini le-Iliki, elisenkabeni neGrisi). Isici sayo esihlukile ubude - usayizi womzimba wabantu abadala ungafinyelela kuma-40 cm. Ama-Ichthyologists ahlobanisa ukwehla kwesibalo salaba bantu abangaphansi kwalokhu kuncipha kokuhlinzekwa kokudla.

I-scard Scardinius racovitzai. Lolu hlobo lwama-rudd luhlala emthonjeni oshisayo wePhethapo (iBaile Epiropesti), etholakala entshonalanga neRomania. Ngokuya ngosayizi, lolu hlobo lwe-rudd lincane kunazo zonke, ubude bomzimba wazo abudluli ku-8.5 cm. Ukuncipha kwendawo okuhlalwa kuyo la ma-rudd kuhlotshaniswa nokungcoliswa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala yemvelo.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ungathola izinkomba zokuthi e-Far East - eSakhalin nasezindaweni zamanzi ezintsha zaseJapan, enye inhlanzi encane enegama elifanayo ihlala - obomvu obomvu obuseFar East. Naphezu komqondo ojwayelekile ojwayelekile, akahlangene ngalutho nokukhohlisa kwethu okuvamile, naphezu kwegama elifanayo. Ngokwesihlukaniso sanamuhla, irudd yaseMpumalanga Ekude ingeyohlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lwenhlanzi.

Singakusho lokho mfethu - inhlanzi isezolile impela, ayikhathaleli, iholela ekuhlaleni (ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile) indlela yokuphila, icishe ingashiyi imizimba yayo yendabuko. Okuwukuphela kwento ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi noma ukujula kwemifula (amachibi, amachibi). Ama-redfinches ahlala emihlambini emincane, futhi ngokuthula impela - naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi angabadli. Izinhlanzi akuvamile ukuthi zingqubuzane - kepha abantu abangabazi abagujwa. I-rudd ihlala nomncintiswano ophansi we-intraspecific, inani elikhulu kubo akusona isizathu sokuhlukanisa insimu nomunye.

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

Rudd kubanzi emizimbeni yethu yamanzi. Iningi ikakhulukazi emifuleni yezisekelo zoMnyama, i-Azov, iCaspian ne-Aral Seas. Kuyatholakala naseBaltic States naseSiberia. Empumalanga yezwe, ngasogwini loLwandlekazi iPacific, kuhlala i-rudd noma i-Ugai eseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngokuvamile, ama-rudd ahlala emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi aseFrance, eNgilandi, lonke laseCentral Europe, eSweden, eRussia umngcele wayo osenyakatho awaziwa ngokunemba, kepha utholakala eningizimu yeFinland (kuya eBiorneborg), yize ingafiki eLake Onega. Ukwahlulela iqiniso, kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi alikho nhlobo kuyo yonke imifula egeleza olwandle oluMhlophe nolwe-Arctic, kepha lokhu kusadinga ukuqinisekiswa, ngoba kungahle kuveleke ukuthi, njengakwezinye izindawo eziningi, kuhlanganiswa ne-roach, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kanye booster.

Yize i-rudd, njenge-roach, ivimbela ukuhamba ngokushesha, indawo enezinhlanzi ihluke kakhulu. I-rudd igcinwa emiseleni yomfula nabadala, emachibini agobhozayo, emachibini amancanyana namakhulu, amadamu. Ngokungafani namabhola, ukhetha izindawo ezikude kakhulu lapho ama-bulrushes, imihlanga, izihloko zemicibisholo, iminduze yamanzi nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini kukhula khona ngobuningi. Nakhu kuye, ngaphezu kokudla, kuhlale kunethunzi nendawo yokukhosela kubazingeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunephethini elithile. Eduze nolwandle, phakathi kwamabhushi nezibi, ezindaweni ezincane ezivinjiwe "zezinhlanzi" ezihlala, ezihlala emaphakethe. Imisebe emikhulu, noma ilungele ukondla emibhedeni yomhlanga yasogwini, ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi evulekile, ikhetha amagquma angaphansi kwamanzi kude nogu olugqotshwe ngotshani.

Indawo enkulu yendawo ebusayo yizingqimba nabadala bemifula, kanye namachibi ageleza namachibi, lapho umhlanga, umhlanga nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini zikhula khona ngobuningi. Lapha uvame ukuhlangana emphakathini nge-carp ye-crucian, imigqa kanye ne-bream futhi uphila impilo ecishe ixazululwe, akuvamile ukuthi asuke endaweni yakhe ayikhethile. Ngakho-ke, ayitholakali ndawo zonke, kodwa ezindaweni, nokuthi lapho ziningi kakhulu, lapho kunqabukela khona. Kunoma ikuphi, kubonakala kuvame kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga neRussia esencane kunezifundazwe eziphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, kwiVolga engezansi, ichichima kuzo zonke iziteshi ze-ilmeni nezithule ngaphezulu, futhi ivame kakhulu kuwo wonke amachibi amakhulu naphakathi nasentshonalanga kweRussia. Ezifundazweni eziseduzane naseMoscow, zigcinwa ikakhulukazi emachibini okugeleza, yize kuncane kakhulu, kepha ngamanani amakhulu - kumachibi ezikhukhula nabadala.

Ubudala, usayizi, ukuqhekeka

Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ku-36 cm, bese isisindo esaziwa kakhulu singama-2 kg, osayizi abajwayelekile bangama-16-19 cm futhi isisindo si-100-300 g. Isikhathi sokuphila singafika eminyakeni eyi-10.

I-rudd ikhula kancane. I-Redfin uhlobo lwenhlanzi olukhula kancane kancane. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ifinyelela kubude obu-3 cm nobukhulu be-1 g, eminyakeni emi-3-4 ifinyelela ku-10,5,5 cm kanye nesisindo esingu-23-48 g, lapho ineminyaka engu-8 ingama-20 cm kuphela kanye nesisindo esingama-200 g. Sekukonke, abantu abaneminyaka emi-3 kuya kwengama-5 ubudala abanesisindo sama-23 kuye kwangama-120 g bayatholakala, amasampula amakhulu akakashadi. Ukusuka ekuhlaziyeni kokubanjwa, kuyaziwa ukuthi isisindo esiphezulu sale nhlanzi ezindaweni zokugcina zaseRussia cishe singama-1 kg. I-rudd ingaphila iminyaka eyi-12.

I-rudd ikhula ngonyaka we-4 - we-5 wokuphila, inobude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-12. I-Caviar isatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni eziningi ngesilinganiso esikhulu - amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-96-232. Ukunwebeka kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ngoJuni, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela ku-18-20 ° С. Lapho iqhuma, i-rudd ayisho ukuthi iya phezulu, ayichashazi, njengoba kwenza amanye ama-cyprinid amaningi, kepha ibeka amaqanda buthule. Ukudonswa nje okuthe xaxa komhlanga nezihlanga zomhlanga kukhombisa ukuthi ukuqhekeka kwenzeka kulezi zindawo. I-Caviar inamathela ngeziqu zezitshalo. Akunakwenzeka ukubona ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo kokuqothuka: kwenziwa ngamaqembu amancane ahlakazekile, kwesinye isikhathi ngokuhlangene nge-blak, i-tench, isalamu yesiliva, kanye nomshubhe unganqamula ngesigaxa esimfushane nangesiliva, kwakheka isiphambano. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-2 servings wokuvuthwa kwe-caviar kuwo, kanti owesithathu - ngqo ngesikhathi sokuzala. I-caviar incane, ububanzi beqanda elivuthiwe bucishe bube ngu-1 mm, umbala wezingxenye ezihlukile ubonakala ngokusobala: i-caviar evuthiwe iphuzi ngokugqamile, ingxenye elandelayo iphuzi ngokugqamile, kanti eyesithathu imhlophe. Ukuzala kwabesifazane kuphezulu kakhulu: ngobude be-12-13 cm ubude, ama-fecundity ngokuphelele angamaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10,5, inhlanzi ubude be-16-16 cm, cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-23, no-22-23 cm ubude, amaqanda ayi-12 000 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuzala okuhlobene nokusukela kumaqanda angama-220 kuya kwangama-400 nge-1 g yesisindo. Yize inani lamaqanda abekwe likhulu, inani le-rudd emizimbeni yamanzi alincane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi le-caviar liyafa lapho lifakwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezibucayi: emanzini angajulile kusuka ku-siltation noma komiswa ngaphandle, ingxenye ye-caviar ihlala ingenafile, njengoba abesifazane bavame ukubeka amaqanda ngaphandle kwabesilisa. Ingxenye ebalulekile yesizukulwane iyafa ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesidumbu. Ukufakwa amaqanda kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-3-4, zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka kwesibungu ziqedwa maphakathi nehlobo kanti uFry akhiwa ngo-Agasti.

Indlela yokuphila

Ngokusho kokubukwa kwesiqu, lokhu kukhulunywa nje, kuyinhlanzi eqinile, ephapheme nenobuqili, kuzo zonke lezi zici yaphezulu kunokubangwa - umlingani wayo ongaguquki, yize indawo yabo ihluke ngandlela thile. Iyindunduma etholakala ngesibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke emathangeni otshani obukhulu, ikakhulukazi emhlangeni, emhlanga, phakathi kwama-burdocks (aminduze amanzi) naseduze kwamanzi moss, ukuze emachibini agqitshiwe ihlala inqwaba kune-roach.Njenge-tench, kuyatholakala-ke, ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu echibini elingaphezulu nasezindaweni ezivulekile, ezikhule kakhulu, cishe azikaze ziqhamuke, kepha ayithandi isithunzi namanzi amasha, kepha ayinamatheli phansi njenge-tench ne-roach, ngakho-ke iyabhukuda. ihlobo lonke (kusukela maphakathi noMeyi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti), b. amahora ngesigamu samanzi, nasendaweni yesimo sezulu esishisayo - ezingxenyeni zayo ezingaphezulu, ezingaba ngu-15 cm ukusuka phezulu ebusweni, ngokuvamile, uthanda ukubhakela elangeni. Ekushiseni kubhukuda phezulu ngokuphelele futhi kuholele indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke kune-pike ne-perch: ibonakala kuphela ngokuphuma kwelanga nokushona kwelanga (ngaphandle kwesikhathi se-spawning), kusihlwa kungena ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi ezifudumele zamanzi nezigqoko ezinotshani, obukhulu ingxenye kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi. amanzi noma umhlanga kanye nomhlanga. Isidlakudla esikhulu kunazo zonke sigcinwa emhlanga nasemibhedeni yomhlanga usuku lonke futhi sibhukuda lapha ezansi impela, kusale ngaphandle nje kwawo.

I-rudd ayikaze ihambe ngaphansi kogu oluyintantayo - indawo eyithandayo ye-tench ekushiseni nasekubandeni, futhi futhi ayifihli (ngesimo sezulu esishisayo) ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezimpande ogwini, njenge-roach, okuthi, lapho kuhlangana khona umshudo, kunamathela ezindaweni ezivulekile kakhudlwana futhi ukubhukuda kusondele kakhulu phansi. IKrasnoperka ithanda ukubhukuda eduze kwezindlu zokugeza, amabhuloho, ama-rafts, kepha kuphela uma utshani bukhula eduzane. Akusuki ngokuqondile emathangeni nangamamitha ambalwa futhi ayifani nanjengensimbi engenamandla, yize igcina ngokuzithandela ezindaweni ezithulile echibini lokugaya, ihehwa inala yokudla. Ijubane lokuhamba, aliphansi ukuzulazula nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi noma ngubani obona ngamandla ukuthi uyachichima noma, kunalokho, ngezinye izikhathi lapho edlala ebusweni, cishe uzothi lolu chaphaza lwenziwa inhlanzi enamandla kunokubanjwa.

Ukudla kwe-rudd kuqukethe, ngokubona kwami, kwamahlumela amasha wezitshalo, i-algae ehlanzekile (Spirogyra, Cladophora - kamalibhele, "imifino"), izibungu, izinambuzane, amaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi, kanye nentsha. Ehlobo, i-rudd ifisa kakhulu, ngokusobala, ukudla isigaxa somnenkethi olungaphansi kwamaqabunga amanzi lily, esikhathini esiningi emathangeni eminduze yamanzi kuqubuka imisindo kuyo yonke indawo - lokhu kuhlanzwa okucekeceke kwezihlanza kwe-mucous caviar okunamathela emaqabunga. Isidudla esifanayo kwesinye isikhathi senza umsindo emoyeni.

Izikali zomhlanga

I-rudd ingeyesigaba esincane nesincane. Ikhula kancane, ngonyaka wokuqala usayizi we-rudd ufinyelela ubude obuyi-3-4 cm. Ukuthomba kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile be-rudd buyi-16 cm cm ngesisindo se-150-300 gr. Inhlanzi ibhekwa njengekhulu uma ubude bayo bungama-23-30 cm ngesisindo somzimba esingu-700-900 g. Isisindo esiphezulu se-rudd ingu-2.1 kg ubude obungu-51 cm, kepha lokhu kuyicala elihlukile.

Ukubamba isisulu

Abanye ababhali batusa ukubamba irudd ngaphandle kwe-float, kufakwa esikhundleni se-hook ne-sinker nge-mormyshka ejwayelekile. Bakuchaza lokhu ukuthi ukudoba ama-mormyshka kuyinto edla kakhulu kunalokho lapho udoba ngenduku yokudoba.

Akufanele kube khona izihibe, ama-swivels noma ama-carbines kulayini wokudoba - konke lokhu akudingekile. Intambo yokudoba induku kumele ifakwe "ngokuqinile." Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuthembeka kwawo wonke amagiya akuxhomeki kuphela kububanzi nekhwalithi yolobo lokudoba, kepha futhi nokuthi umuntu oyisitha ubopha kanjani ihhuku. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqinise umhlangano, kunconywa ukuba u-moisten namanzi abilayo.

Kulesi simo kuphela lapho ukuhekana kwakho kuzoba lula, kube yinhle futhi kube lula ukusebenzisa. Ama-aesthetics lapha ngeke abe ama-superfluous.

Njengethuluzi lokubuyisela esikhundleni senduku yakho yokudoba, njalo phatha iqoqo lokufakwa komugqa wokudoba kwamameteriyitha ahlukahlukene nemibala inxeba lokuzungeza umhlane. Izilayidi nama-floats kumele alinganiswe ngokucophelela, futhi izingwegwe kufanele zibe nobude obuhlukile be-forearm. Isibonelo, uma, utshani butshalwe kungwegwe ngengalo efinyeziwe, khona-ke umbethe uyayiwisa kalula, ngenkathi isala ingalulwanga. Okwezimpethu kanye nemikhonyane yegazi, kunalokho, izingwegwe ezinesiphetho esifushane esingcono zingcono.

I-rudd ihola indlela yokuphila yasemini. Kusihlwa, ushiya izingqimba zamanzi ezingezansi futhi namakhekhe otshanini. Ebusika, kulele ebusika imigodi futhi akuyona ukudoba. Entwasahlobo, ukudoba ngezinhlanga kungaqala ngemuva kokuncipha kwamanzi kazamcolo.

NgoMeyi - Juni, izindunduma ezishubile. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe kunqatshelwe ukudoba izinhlanzi. Engxenyeni ephakathi neRussia ngesikhathi sokuhluma akuvunyelwe ngisho nokuba yethule izikebhe emanzini. Kuliqiniso, ukudotshwa kwemidlalo kuvunyelwe ukusuka ogwini ngenduku eyodwa yokudoba enedonsa elilodwa.

Abakwa-Ichthyologists bakholelwa ukuthi ehlobo phakathi nosuku umkhovu unamandla amabili okuqina kokudla: ekuseni - kusuka emahoreni ayi-7 kuye kwayi-9 nakusihlwa - kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-19, i.e. isikhathi esisebenza kahle kunazo zonke sokudoba ngamahora asekuseni nakusihlwa.

Ukukhetha kwe-nozzle ne-bait lapho i-angler iphakamisa ukuthi ukuyenga u-rudd kungenye yezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu zempumelelo. Imvamisa bathatha i-semolina njengenganzle, futhi njengesibambo sezikelemu zezindunduma, izimpethu kanye nemikhonyane yegazi. Ungalandisa kakhulu lonke uhla.

Ekuqaleni kokudoba, bazama konke okulethwe yilesi sikhathi ngalesi sikhathi, kuze kube lapho kucaca ukuthi iyiphi i-nozzle noma i-bait ethandekayo ifisa ukukhetha namuhla. Entwasahlobo, zivame ukubamba izibungu zegazi kanye nezikelemu ezibomvu. Zibonakala kahle emanzini anezinkinga. Ebusika, izinhlanzi zilambile futhi zibafuna ngokuzithandela.

Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-rudd ithanda izimpethu ezincane nezincane. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi bakhuhla ngenkuthalo ngokwengeziwe kulokhozi kunezimpethu ezinkulu futhi, ngokwemvelo, badonsela ukunaka okwengeziwe kubo.

Ekuphakameni kwehlobo, i-rudd ibanjwa kahle ku-flyfly yasendlini, intethe encane nentambo yecrayfish. Kuyaphumelela ukudoba ama-rudd amakhulu kuzibungu zikadrako.

Imvamisa, ubudlabha ubanjwa ngokujikijela izingwegwe zensimbi emhlangeni noma emihlangeni phakathi kwezimila, noma “amafasitela”. Isihebe sibekwe cishe ku-30-40 cm ukusuka kuflat. Njalo ngemuva kokuphonsa, uma ukuluma kungalandelanga masinyane, kungakuhle ukuthi udonsele intambo kancane ubheke kuwe ukuze ulayini wokudoba ophakathi kwawo nenduku useluliwe - lokhu kuzokwenza ukubhekana kwakho kube buthaka kakhulu, futhi ukulunywa kubonakale kakhudlwana. Kaningi, ukuluma kulandela lapho ucwiliswa. Kwesinye isikhathi isigqoko sibamba isheyini, ngokushesha nje lapho sesisephezu kwamanzi.

Ehlobo, lapho izinambuzane eziningi nezibungu zazo kuvela, akukubi ukubamba ngeheyili yokucwila kancane. Ubude besisekelo buvela ekujuleni kokudoba, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi ngemuva kokunikezela ngeheyili ezansi kuyadingeka ukwenza cast entsha. Isinki enale ndlela yokudoba ayidingeki. Ukuluma lapho unciphisa ngaphandle kwesinki kubukeka kuyinto engafani nalokhu: ukuntanta kungazeleleka kuthandeke eceleni, bese kubuyela, kuphinde kuntanteke, bese kuthi kungazelelwe kube ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukugxila okwamanje kokuqina okukhulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokunyamalala emanzini, kusephuze kakhulu ukukwenza.

Uma, ngemuva kokubanjwa kwemisipha emibili noma emithathu, ukulunywa kuye kwaphela, ngakho-ke musa ukushesha ushintshe indawo. Kwesinye isikhathi imizuzu embalwa yanele inhlanzi ukuthi yehlise umoya futhi ibuye futhi. Okubi kakhulu uma inhlanzi iphuka. Umhlanga ophukile ngokushesha wenza “umsindo” wokuthi bonke abafowethu basakazeke ngaso leso sikhathi emikhondweni ehlukile bese befaka phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini.

Scardinius acarnanicus

Ihlala eningizimu yeGrisi. Ifinyelela ku-33 cm ubude. Inokuhlukahluka okuncane kusuka kusihlava esivamile esakhiweni samaphiko nenani lama-gill stamens. Ukusakazwa kwalolu hlobo kuqhubeka kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi. Futhi, lokhu kusongela kusongelwa ngokuqothulwa.

Scardinius racovitzai

Uhlala entwasahlobo eshisayo kaPetzea (Baile Epiropesti), entshonalanga neRomania. Lolu hlobo lwe-rudd lincane kunazo zonke, ubude bawo obukhulu abudluli ku-8.5 cm.Usongelwa nokuqothulwa ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala.

Qalisa ukuqhekeka

Ngonyaka wesithathu kuya kwesihlanu wokuphila, i-rudd ifinyelela ekuthweni kwayo. Usayizi wezinhlanzi ngalesi sikhathi usuvele ubude bawo bungama-12 cm, futhi ulungela ukunwebeka, oqhubeka ngo-Ephreli noma uMeyi (ngokuya ngendawo) futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-16-20 degrees. Ngesikhathi sokunwebeka, umbala wokuqina ubonakala ngokukhanya futhi ucace kakhudlwana. Zibeka amaqanda ezitshalweni zasemanzini, futhi azikhiphi konke ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa kumithamo enamamitha. Ngaphambi kokuzalela, i-rudd isivele ivuthiwe ngamasheya amabili we-caviar, bese okwesithathu kwakhiwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Amaqanda ngokwawo anamathela, abe nobubanzi obungu-1-1,5 mm. I-rudd imvamisa ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-232, kepha ukuyithola akulula kangako, ngoba ihlala inamathele ezimpandeni zezitshalo zasemanzini.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezintathu. Lapho kugoqa, ubude bawo bube ngu-5 mm, kuthi lapho sekufinyelele ku-30 ​​mm, isikhathi sokuthosa siqale. Yize inani lamaqanda abekwe likhulu, ingxenye ebalulekile ye-fry engahle ifa ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nobudlabha

• Inani elikhulu le-rudd kungenxa yokuthi le nhlanzi inzima kakhulu ukuyibamba, iyaqaphela, ayifane ingene ezikhaleni ezivulekile, engozini ifihla emathangeni e-algae noma emihlanga.
• I-rudd ayizange ibe yinhlanzi yezimboni, ngoba inambitheka ngandlela-thile.
• Abadobi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bazi kahle ukuthi ama-rudd aluma kuphela lapho ebhejwe okuphuzi okugqamile; izithiyo zeminye imibala zimane zinakwa yilezi zinhlanzi. (Manje usuyayazi impendulo yombuzo: unqunqelani).
• Le nhlanzi iyathandeka kubadobi bezemidlalo ngenxa yendawo yayo ebanzi.

Indawo yokuhlala

Izindawo zokuhlala kwamarud zitholakala kuyo yonke imifula namachibi asanda eYurophu, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisenyakatho. Kutholakala naseCaucasus naseCentral Asia.

Indawo enkulu yezinhlanzi ngamachibi:

• I-Azovsky
• Mnyama
• Caspian
• AmaBaltic and White Seas.

Itholakala emifuleni ye-Eastern Siberia. Indawo ekahle i-rudd ukuhlala kuyo ingamabhisikidi, amachibi agelezayo namachibi, abadala bemifula ngaphandle kwesivinini esinamandla. Inhlanzi ikubekezelela kalula ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo; izizwa ivikelekile emanzini anezinkinga. Ukukhetha izindawo lapho ama-bulrushes, umhlanga, ama-duckweed kanye nezinye izitshalo zikhula ngobuningi. Ukubhukuda eduze nolwandle, futhi ebusuku kungena emigodini engezansi.

Ukwahluka kwe-rudd kusuka ku-roach

Kulula ukuthola umehluko phakathi kwe-roach ne-rudd ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• umzimba we-roach uphakeme futhi umbozwe ungqimba wesigaxa,
• i-dorsal fin isezingeni elifanayo ne-ventral, futhi inemisebe engu-10-12,
• izikali ezinkulu, akukho mnyama emhlane, umbala uwonke uyisiliva ngaphandle kwepende eliphuzi,
• amaphiko abomvu, hhayi bomvu okhanyayo,
• umlomo oqondile, ngaphandle komngcele ophuzi ezindebeni,
• emlonyeni, amazinyo angama-5-6 emugqeni ngamunye,
• amehlo abomvu
• ayinalo ubambo oluvuthayo esiswini.

Ngezansi isithombe esikhombisa ngokusobala umehluko phakathi kobudwayi kanye ne-roach.

I-rudd ithola ukudla ngaphezulu kwamanzi, kuyilapho i-roach ithanda ukondla phansi, idonsa ama-algae ajulile nezakhamuzi ezincane ezingaphansi kwamanzi.

Izindlela zokubamba urudd

I-rudd yi-thermophilic, ngakho-ke i-rudd enhle kunazo zonke ye-rudd ivela entwasahlobo, noma kunalokho ekugcineni kwayo, futhi ihlala kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba. Ukubamba i-rudd kungcono kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sekushoneni kwelanga. Ukucinga izinhlanzi kufanele kube semathangeni omhlanga noma kwezinye izimila zasogwini. Isimo sezulu kufanele sibe yilanga, ngaphandle komoya oshesha uvunguza. Lapho epholisa, inhlanzi iya ekujuleni. I-rudd "iyisidlamlilo" esimpofu, singabalwa kalula ngokuhambisa umhlanga kanye nokukhanya kwamanzi okukhanyayo.

Uma ubona ukuthula futhi ungenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe emanzini, khona-ke kungasondela kakhulu. Ngezindlela zokubamba ubudwayi kusuka ogwini kunenkinga - izingwegwe. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi, udinga ukukhetha amagiya afanele. Induku yokudoba edlanzayo ngenduku yokudoba elula engamamitha ayi-4-5 kufanelekile. Ububanzi obukhulu bomugqa wokudoba ngu-0,25 mm. Kungcono ukuthatha i-fleat encane eyenziwe ngezinto ezilula (ukhokho noma umhlanga).

Isikhuhlu kufanele sikhethwe siqine, kepha sibe mncane, ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka ukuthi wephule izindebe ezibuthakathaka, uzophuka. Kwanele ukusebenzisa ipellet eyodwa yobubanzi obuncane njenge-sinker. Ukulimala okuvame kakhulu ukudlula emaphethelweni ezitshalo zasogwini, kulapho kufanele ukuthi khona isihephe siphonswe. I-Breadcrumbs, ibhali leparele, ummbila noma ufulawa kakolweni, i-bran encane, njll. Into esemqoka ukuthi kukhona i-turbidity ebusweni nephunga le-bait.

I-rudd ayithobeki ekudleni, futhi kubadobi besheyini basebenzisa indle neminyundu, izimpethu, izibungu zegazi, izibungu zezimpukane namabhungane, izinambuzane ezincane ngisho notshani. Ukukhethwa kwamathiphu wemifino nakho kuhlukile - igobolondo lokudla okusanhlamvu, izinkomishi zesinkwa, uphizi, amabele, izinhlamvu ze-rye ezintshontshiwe, amabele nokuningi. Ukuphonsa amagiya kufanele kube phansi, kulula ukwenza inkambiso efanele.

Inhlanzi ibamba isiheho ngokushesha, ngakho-ke umdobi kufanele aqaphe. Uma ohlukumezekile ehola igwegwe esinqeni, igwegwe alinakugwenywa. Ukuvulwa kokulwa kuzokwenza umsindo futhi iphakethe liye endaweni ephephile. Lapho kungenzeka ukuthola isikole, kudingeka uliphonse njalo isihejo emanzini, okuzokuvumela ukuthi ubambe inhlanzi futhi uqede ukuqaphela kwayo. Futhi, ekudobeni kwasogwini, ukuswayipha kusetshenziswa ngenduku yokudoba eyi-2-2,5 m enama-spinner.

Uma udoba usuka esikebheni, kufanele ugweme izindawo ezinamanzi amaningi, futhi uhlale eduze neminduze yamanzi ezintantayo, duckweed, izikebhe ezahlukahlukene nezihlahla eziwile emanzini. Kuhle ukubamba ama-rudd amakhulu nge-feeder usebenzisa ama-feeder feeders. Ukuphonsa isikhathi eside, njengendlela yokubamba i-rudd, akudingeki, ngakho-ke imodeli engasindi amamitha angama-3.5-4 ubude ifanelekile. Leash okungaphezu kwemitha engu-1 ubude ukuze i-bait iqhutshwe isikhathi eside emanzini. Ukuntanta okunomthwalo kusethelwa kubude obungama-50-60 cm kusuka kubhuku.

I-rudd ephakanyisiwe ephuma emanzini, inyakaze ngenkuthalo futhi ihlala indiza igwegwe. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, igwegwe kufanele libukhali futhi lisheshe, kungenjalo uma kwenzeka insindiso inhlanzi izohola isikole sonke endaweni ephephile.