Ikati lasendle lasendle liyimela imindeni yezilwane ezihlaselayo, ezihlala endle. Ngaphandle, lesi sidlakudla sifana kakhulu nekati yasekhaya ejwayelekile, noma kunjalo, akusona isilwane esidala, njengoba abaningi bakholelwa.

Babukeka kanjani abamele lolu hlobo lokuzala? Iziphi izinhlobo zamakati asendle asendle akhona? Iyiphi indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane? Bahola hlobo luni lokuphila? Badlani? Amakati asendle azala kanjani? Ngabe zingagcinwa ekhaya?

Ukuvela kwekati lasendle lasehlathini

Lezi zilwane zibizwa ngokuthi yi-European ngoba zavela okokuqala endaweni yase-Europe. Ngaphandle, zifana kakhulu namakati ajwayelekile asekhaya, kuphela zinobukhulu obukhulu. Ikati lasehlathini laseYurophu linezici ezilandelayo:

• Umzimba omkhulu futhi oqinile. Ekuphakameni, abesilisa bafinyelela ku-43 cm, abesifazane - amasentimitha angama-40. Isisindo sesilwane sincike enkathini yeminyaka, eminyakeni yobudala kanye nenani lezinyamazane. Ngokuya ngalezi zinto, abesilisa banesisindo kusuka ku-3.5 kuya ku-7.8 kg, izinsikazi - kusuka ku-2,7 kuye ku-6 kg. Ubude bamakati bubalelwa ku-90 cm, amakati ahlala amfushane amasentimitha angama-20.
• Izindlu zokuhlala ezindala.
• Ikhanda elincane.
• Izindlebe ezinobukhulu obuncane, ezibekwa banzi, eziyindilinga, zinesimo esingunxantathu. Akukho mabhulashi.
• Ekhaleni linezelwe kancane, inesimo esihle.
• Amehlo aluhlaza, hazel noma amber ophuzi, abekwe eduze. Ulwelwesi olungeziwe lokuqhafaza luvikela umhlaseli ekulimaleni okuhlukahlukene. Akukho mehlo.
• Amazinyo amancane futhi abukhali kakhulu.

• I-vibrissa ende.
• Umsila mfushane kunalowo wesilwane. Ine-pubescence ecebile ne-blunt, njengokungathi inqunyelwe, ithiphu.
• Amandla wobude obulinganiselwe. Imilenze yangemuva inamandla amakhulu kunangaphambili, okufaka isandla ekubuyiselweni kwesilwane okuqinile ebusweni. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ikati lasehlathini lingagxuma liphezulu.
• Ijazi elikhulukazi, elenzelwe ukuvikela umhlaseli ebandayo. Ebusika, ukuqala ngoNovemba, ijazi liba likhulu futhi likhulu. Lezi zilwane molt ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.

• Umbala "Ovikelayo". Emvelweni, izinyamazane ezinezinwele ezinsundu nezinsuthu-grey ezinamabala e-ocher ziyatholakala. Imibala enjalo ivumela isilwane ukuthi sihlangane nemvelo. Emgogodleni, kusukela ezinhlangothini zamahlombe, kunomugqa omnyama omncane. Imigqa emide emide ye-longitudinal nayo idlula ezihlathini nasengxenyeni ye-parietal. Ijazi ezinhlangothini nangaphandle kwezitho linomthunzi wokukhanya ofanayo onamamaki ansundu noma imivimbo emincane. Ijazi esiswini naphakathi kwemilenze likhanya kakhulu nge-buffy tint. Emsileni kukhona ama-band amnyama angama-5-7 ajikelezayo. Ithiphu ihlala imnyama. Ehlobo, ikati lasehlathini lasendle linombala ogqamile futhi ogqamile.

Ngokubukeka, isilwane sasendle kunzima ukusihlukanisa nesilwane esifuywayo, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokungena kokungaphakathi komuntu, into edla ezinye, njengomthetho, ayidonseli ukunaka. Esithombeni ungabona ukuthi kunjani ikati yasendle evamile.

Izinhlobonhlobo Zamakati Wamahlathi

Emvelweni, amakati amahlathi akhona ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Izinhlobo eziningi zalaba bantu abahlukumezayo zinesibalo esincane kangangokuba bathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso. Amagama ezinhlobo ezikhona zalezi zilwane abelwa ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala yazo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona amakati aseCaucasian, aseMpumalanga Ekude, e-Amur, emhlanga nasemakati ase-Middle East. Kakhulu ziyehluka ngokubukeka. Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nezinhlobo zamakati asendle aseYurophu yethulwa etafuleni.

Ikati lasehlathini laseCaucasian

Habitat

Bahlala kuphi laba bantu abahlukumeza abanye? Bahlala ezindaweni ezikhukhulwe yizikhukhula zezidumbu zamanzi ezinendawo engadluli kumahektha ayi-2, embozwe ngamathanga ezihlahlana, umhlanga, amakati noma udaka. Zihlala ezidlekeni ezishiywe ngamakhambi nezihlahla ezinamagatsha anamanzi. Futhi, lezi zilwane zihlala ezintabeni, zithuthukisa indawo efinyelela kumahektare angama-60.

Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zidla ngokwazo zihlala emigodini yezihlahla ezishubile. Kulokhu, bahlinzeka ikhaya labo aliphezulu kakhulu. Ezintabeni, amakati asebenzisa izimbila zekheji nezimpungushe ukuze aphile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukuhlala emifantwini phakathi kwamadwala.

Uma kwenzeka ingozi, umhlaseli ukhetha ukungakhuphuki esihlahleni, kodwa acashe emgodini. Ezikhungweni zesikhashana, ikati lasehlathini lisebenzisa amagatsha ahlangene kakhulu, izindawo ezivikelekile ngaphansi kwamawa nemigodi engajulile.

Izici zekati lasehlathini nendawo yokuhlala

Onke amakati afuywayo avela kokhokho basendle ababehlala emahlathini ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwempucuko, lapho ubuntu buqala ukuzibandakanya ngamandla kwezolimo.

Emzameni wokulungisa izinto ezisebusika, abantu baqala ukwakha imigwaqo yamagundane lapho amagundane, amagundane namanye amagundane amancane ayefukulwa khona ngobuningi bawo, ngokuzaliswayo ukukhuthala ezindaweni lapho kwakukhona ukudla okwanele okusezingeni eliphakeme kubo.

Amakati asendle nawo aqala lapho, edla namagundane amancane. Futhi kwaba ngalezi zikhathi ngqo lapho abantu baqala ukubondla, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu, ngoba laba bantu abazingeli abancane baba ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokulwa namagundane alimazayo.

Umsuka wamakati - ikati lehlathi usahlala emahlathini aminyene aseYurophu, e-Afrika nasenyakatho ye-Asia. Lesi silwane sithanda amathafa, kepha sitholakala nasezintabeni, ukuphakama kwaso ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle kungadluli kuma-2-3 km.

Ubude bomzimba wesilwane buvela engxenyeni yemitha nangaphezulu, ukukhula kungama-35 cm, futhi anesisindo kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-8 kg. Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe, ikati lehlathi ibukeka kakhulu njengekati elijwayelekile elinemibala grey yasekhaya, inombala onsundu onsundu, lapho imidwebo emnyama yalezi zilwane imile khona.

Izindlebe ziyizinxantathu ezinxantathu, ziphakathi ngosayizi, umsila umfushane, uqweqwe futhi awugqinsi. Izwi lalezi zidalwa zasendle linjengesithambisi esithambile, esinamandla, ziyakwazi nokuhlanzeka futhi likhale, likhale futhi likhale.

Sekukonke, kuchazwa cishe ama-23 wamakati wamakati ahlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Kulaba, abantu base-Afrika bavame ukuba bancanyana kunabanye, ngokuba, ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wejazi lamathoni alula.

Habitat I-European Forest Cat kufaka phakathi amahlathi aminyene aseCentral naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, enwebeka ngaseningizimu eSpain. Ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nezaseYurophu Ikati lasehlathini laseCaucasian. Kepha lokhu okubhaliwe kuhlukile ezihlotsheni zayo ngosayizi omkhulu. Futhi isisindo somuntu ngamunye singafinyelela ku-11 kg.

Enye yezinhlobo zekati laseBengal icatshangelwa I-Amur Forest Cat. Ijazi lesikhumba elixegayo, eliminyene linombala onsundu noma liphuzi, elimakwe amabala obomvu amnyama.

Ngokuthola imibala okunjalo, izilwane zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amakati wezingwe. Zisakazekile endaweni eseduze noMfula i-Amur eMpumalanga Ekude kuze kufike ogwini loLwandle lwaseJapan. Lezi zilwane, ezinkulu kakhulu ngosayizi wekati lasekhaya, zivame ukubizwa Amakati Asekude Ehlathi.

Ukufanekiselwa yikati lasehlathini laseCaucasian

Uboya bezilwane obuhle bukhonza njengesizathu sokuzingela okusebenzayo ukuze uthole izikhumba zabo. Izilwane zabulawa ngamanani amakhulu, ezithinta usayizi wabantu bazo.

Lesi kwakuyisizathu sokubangena kubo Incwadi ebomvu. Amakati asehlathini namuhla, noma kuvikelwe umthetho wamazwe omhlaba, noma kunjalo, ingozi yokuqothulwa kwabo ayikashabalali, futhi ukuzingela kwabo kuyaqhubeka.

Indlela yokuphila yezilwane nemikhuba

Ngokwemvelo, lezi yizilwane ezesabekayo neziqaphile ezikhetha ukugwema abantu futhi zidlule ezindaweni zazo. Lezi zidleke zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Bayazingela ngokusa ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga noma ekuseni kakhulu lapho kusa, lapho iningi lezilwane lisalele. Isilwane esifuyayo sihlasela isisulu nge-gxuma elilodwa. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sezitho zemilenze, amakati asendle angahlula amamitha amathathu ngokugxuma.

Uma bengaphumelelanga ukuthola isisulu kwesinye isikhathi, ngeke baphinde bazame ukusenza. Ukuzwa okuhle kusiza lezi zilwane ukufuna inyamazane. Ngokuqondene nombono nephunga, lithuthukiswa libi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokugijima okusheshayo nekhono lokujaha okungokwemvelo, amakati asendle akwazi ukuphuma ngokushesha ekuphishekeleni, acashe emgodini noma agxume esihlahleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezinjalo zinikezwe amandla futhi zihamba ngokushesha.

Ukudla kwekati

Amakati asehlathini ayizisulu ezincane. Naphezu kosayizi bayo abancane, isilwane sinemizimba eyingozi yokudla abanye. Amakati asendle adla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane: amagundane amancane (amagundane, ama-hamsters), onogwaja, ama hares, ama-muskrats. Baphinde bavame ukuzingela izikebhe, izinsimbi, nezinsimbi zomzimba. Lezi zilwane ezingenasibindi zokufuna inyamazane azimiswa ngisho neqiniso lokuthi isisulu esilandelwa yizo zingazinikeza inkani ngesibindi futhi zilimaze kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zidla ku-crayfish, izinhlanzi, amagundane amanzi nezinyoni, ikakhulukazi i-waterfowl. Ukuthambisa isisulu, amakati asendle agxumela emhlane wakhe ezihlahleni ezilengiswe echibini. Lezi zilwane zingenamusa ezinyoni zomyalo wenkukhu. Lapho zifuna ukudla, izinyamazane zidla izidleke zazo ngokudla amaqanda nam amaphuphu. Ngenhloso yokuzingela ama-squirrels, izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyakwazi ukugibela izihlahla ezinde kakhulu.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ngezikhathi zokulamba, abamele lo mndeni wekati babamba izinyane lezilwane ezinkulu. Ziphinde zidle ama-roe deer, ama-chamois namaxhama. Lezi zilwane ezidla inyama zithanda ukuzingela zodwa, ngisho nangezikhathi zokuntuleka kokudla, ngeke zabelane ngokudla nabalingani bazo. Kunezimo lapho laba bantu abahlaseli behlasela imfuyo. Ukungena ezindaweni zokugcina izinkukhu nezimbuzi, laba baphangi abanemilenze emine ngenhloso yokuphanga bangene emzabalazweni ovuthayo nezinja eziqapha izinkomo.

Ukufuya izilwane

Abesilisa bafika ebusheni ngeminyaka emithathu, abesifazane ngeminyaka emi-2. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siwela esikhathini kusuka kuJanuwari kuya kuMashi. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, amakati namakati amaka indawo yabo ngokugcwele. Ngaso leso sikhathi benza imisindo edabukisayo edabukisayo. Owesifazane olungele ukulamula uheha abesilisa ngosizo lwephunga elithile.

Kule mpi, owesilisa onamandla kakhulu futhi oqine uwina. Ikati elikhulelwe lihlela kuqala indawo yokuzalwa kwenzalo. Wenza lokhu ngemijondolo, emigodini nasezigxotsheni ezilahlekile emadwaleni. Ngezansi kwesidleke, umama okhulelwe ubeka izimpaphe notshani.

Lapho nje amakati esanda kuphenduka eneminyaka engu-1 ubudala, aqala ukuphuma endlini, aqandeke futhi egibela izihlahla. Banikezwa ubisi lwebele ukuya ezinyangeni ezi-3-4 zeminyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, kusuka enyangeni eyodwa nengxenye, izisulu zesikhathi esizayo ziqala ukushintshela enyameni kancane kancane. Umama uqala ukufundisa omncane ukuthi uzondla kanjani ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Lapho zifinyelela ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ubudala, izinsizwa ezincane zishiya ikhaya likanina ziyofuna indawo yazo. Abesifazane basala kumama.

Ukuzimela, imizwa yokuhlaselana kanye nokuqina okuhlobene nabantu kuyaqabukela kuphumelele ukukuqeda ngosizo lokuqeqeshwa kanye nemfundo. Kunconywa ukuthenga ama-kittens aze afike ezinyangeni ezingama-2-4 ubudala. Ngokushesha lapho isilwane singena endlini, iba yikhulu ithuba lokuyilimaza. Kodwa-ke, noma iphumelele, isilwane esinjalo sisazokwehluka ikati elifuywayo.

Imininingwane yokuthi ungawondla kanjani kahle la malungu omndeni wethuliwe etafuleni.

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane, la makati adinga ukuzilolonga njalo. Ngaphezu kwezinqubo ezihlanzekile zokuhlanzeka, kunconyelwa amazwibela nokugoma ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Imininingwane yokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani lezi zilwane ezifuywayo yethulwe etafuleni.

Ukubukeka Kwephredator

Ngokubukeka, amakati amahlathi afana namakati amakati grey ajwayelekile. Kuliqiniso, mkhulu kunabameli bakhe basekhaya. Amapharamitha:

• ubude besifazane bufika ku-70 cm, abesilisa kube ngu-90 cm,
• isisindo sezinsikazi ziyahlukahluka cishe ku-6 kg, kuthi owesilisa okungenani abe ngu-7 kg.

Amakati asendle anjalo ukubukeka:

• umzimba mnene futhi muhle kakhulu,
• izindlebe azinawo amakhethini ngasemaphethelweni, angunxantathu futhi ayindilinga kancane ngesimo, abanzi impela, futhi kunezinwele ezincane emaphethelweni,
• imilenze ayiphakeme, nomzimba uphakeme,
• uzipho olungabuyekeka
• kukhona ulwelwesi olukhazimulayo phambi kwamehlo ethu, luyadingeka njengesivikelo ekulimaleni,
• fangs abukhali ngesakhiwo ukuze isisulu sibanjwe futhi sibanjwe,
• i-molars iyadingeka ekuhlafuneni,
• amadevu amade
• Ulimi lune-papillae encane egobile, esetshenziselwa ukunakekela uboya.

Izinyo lekati lasehlathini

Izici ezinkulu ezihlukanisayo zamakati aphilayo emihlolweni emifushane kakhulu, inani elincane lamazinyo, ukuqina okuqinile kwamangqangi namazinyo acwebezelayo, izindolololi ezigobeke ngokuqinile, eziguqukayo kanye nokushukumiseka kwembali yangaphambili.

Umsebenzi wamazinyo acwebayo kwikati lehlathi uyehla ukusika ukudla ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye abahlaseli, abanazo izinto ezingabonisa ikhono lokuhlafuna noma lokuchoboza ukudla, bamane nje bangama-scissors noma imimese.

Amanye ama-molars awasakulungele ukuhlafuna, ngakho-ke lonke uhlelo lwamazinyo lwamakati aphilayo luhunyushwe ngokuphelele ekubambeni inyamazane futhi isike inyama yayo.

Amachaphaza mude kakhulu futhi anamandla futhi ahlomile ngemuva ngemuva ngensimbi ebukhali, efana necala, okwenza kube lula ukungena kuwo emzimbeni wesisulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi izimbumbulu namazinyo egxilile e-pseudo, awadlali iqhaza elikhulu.

Imilenze yekati

Kuwo wonke amakati, imilenze yangaphambili inezimpiko ezinhlanu, imilenze yangemuva inemifino emine, izindlawu, kuzo zombili nakwabanye, zigobile kakhulu, zibukhali futhi, ngaphandle kweshizi, zingadonswa emithanjeni evikelekile kuzo. Ukuze zigcine zihlanzekile futhi zibukhali, amakati amaningi athuthukise umkhuba wokuklola iziqu zezihlahla nawo.

Amakati, lapho ehamba, ahamba ngeminwe yabo kuphela, ngenkathi isithende siba mpo futhi kubukeka njengokuqhubeka okuqondile kokuphumula komlenze. Noma kunjalo, eyokuqala, i.e.unyawo lwangaphakathi lonyawo lwangaphambili aluthinti umhlabathi futhi ngenxa yalokho alwesekeli isilwane lapho sihamba. Ngonyawo lwangemuva lwalesi umunwe, njengoba besishilo, akukho nhlobo.

Imvuthuluka yomunwe ngamunye imelela umcamelo, kodwa imicamelo efanayo isendaweni engaphansi yonyawo naphakathi kwezinzwane, onyawo lwangaphambili kukhona, ngaphezu kwalokho, umcamelo owengeziwe. Lapho zihamba kulezi zindawo eziphakeme zodwa, izilwane zihamba buthule futhi buthule, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibuyisa imilebe yazo.

Ngenxa yalokhu, amathrekhi ashiywe amakati ahlukeka kalula kulezo zezinja ezihlala zinophawu lwenhlwathi.

Ulimi lwekati

Amakati ahlukile ezinjeni ekwakhekeni kolimi lwawo. I-Smooth in izinja, ihlala emakati enamanani amaningi amafulethi, uphondo lwe-uphondo luqondiswe emuva, oluguqula lube yi-grater ephumelela kakhulu.

Ukuhlelwa kolimi okunjalo kusiza ikati ukukhotha, ukukhumula inyama emathanjeni, noma mhlawumbe ukuyihlanze ngejazi lakhe loboya, izinja ezixakeke kakhulu ngazo. Ikati lidla ukudla okuthambile kuphela futhi alikwazi ukugwinya futhi ligwinye amathambo.

Ukudla kwekati lasendle

Ngaphambili, ama-voles kanye namagundane asetshenziselwa ukudla, kanti i-waterfowl kanye nezinkukhu ziyindlela yokudla encane. Ezintabeni, ukhetha ukuzingela ama-partridge, ama-pheasants, amakhekhe, ama-dormouse kanye ne-squirrel. Ezindaweni ezikhungethwe yizikhukhula, ukhetha ama-muskrats, amagundane, izinyoni zezinkomo namadada ahlukahlukene njengezinyamazane. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalelwa kwezinyoni, amakati ahlasela inqwaba yezidleke, azibulale, abambe amachwane futhi adle amaqanda.

Amakati amahlathi azingela ama-hares kahle kakhulu. Ubamba inhlanzi kanye no-crayfish emanzini.

I-European Forest Cat ayikhanyi inkulu, kepha ibeka engcupheni enkulu izilwane eziningi. Ama-hamsters nama-Pasyuki amagundane ahlala eba isidlo sakusihlwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akuyona yonke inja engahlasela lezi zilwane ezimbi. Emapulazini okuzala ama-nutria, ikati lingavakashela ngezikhathi ezithile lokweba izilwane ezisencane. Lezi zidlova zingahlasela kalula izilwane ze-ermine nezama-marten - i-ferret, weasel, ermine. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-martens ekuzivikelekeni okunamandla anqoba ikati elincane elingenalwazi.

Ukuzingela kwekati lasendle

Amakati azingela ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, cishe amahora amabili ngaphambi kokunyamalala kwendilinga yelanga. Phakathi kobusuku, angazinika ukuphumula okuncane, futhi lapho kusa, abuye futhi ayofuna inyamazane. Uyazindlalela aqamekele, alinde futhi enze ukuthi kungabi ngaphezulu kwe-emibili noma emithathu yokuxhuma ngebanga lamamitha amathathu.

Endabeni yokuphuthelwa kwekati yasendle, akaxoshi inyamazane yakhe.

Isebenzisa ngempumelelo izinduku, ubalinde baze baphume emgodini wabo. Lapho izingela emathafeni, ikati yasendle isebenzisa isihlahla esinamagatsha agubhayo angaphezulu kwamanzi, lapho idada libhukuda, inyamazane idonsa ngamandla emhlane wayo noma ibambe inyamazane yaso.

Bona, njengama-martens, bangagxuma phezulu phezulu phezulu ukusuka kwesinye isihlahla baye kwesinye, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ngamaprotheni ukuzifihla kubo. Uma inyamazane incane, inyamazane ibamba ngezidladla zayo bese ibulala ngemuva kwekhanda. Uhlasela izilwane ezinkulu esebenzisa iqhinga elehlukile - ugxumela emhlane wakhe alume intamo yakhe ngamandla akhe onke. Ngakho-ke, imiphetho yekati lekati ihlanzekile.

Ikati yasendle - isilwane esingeneliseki. Okujwayelekile kuye Amagundane ayi-10 noma amagundane ngosuku, futhi uma esekudingisweni, khona-ke angadla isilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-900 enyama. Amakati asehlathini adla ngendlela efanayo namakati asekhaya, afuywe ngenkathi ehleli emilenzeni yawo yangasemva, kodwa imilenze yawo yangaphambili ayibekwanga phansi. Ikati alishintshiwe ukuze lihlukane nokudla, liluma inyama ngosizo lwamazinyo alo asemuva.

Isikhathi sokuzala

Ukufuya ikati lamahlathi kwenzeka okungekho ngaphezulu kwesibili ngonyaka wonke. Umjaho uqala ezinyangeni zikaJanuwari nangoMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zimaka izindawo zazo futhi zikhale kakhulu. Abesilisa baqala ukuhlangana ngamaqembu ukuze babe nowesifazane, baqala ukulwa bodwa.

Imvamisa ngowesifazane izala ama-kittens angama-4 ngokwesilinganiso, zimbozwe nge-fluff enhle futhi azisizi ngalutho. Ukukhula okusha kwe-Feline kuhlukile ngombala kubantu abadala: emuva kunemivimbo ebanzi futhi amabala anemibala ansundu, imilenze nomsila kuchashazwa ngemivimbo eqondile.

Ukukhulisa amawundlu ekati lasendle

Abesilisa ababambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo, lo msebenzi wabelwa owesimame. Isifiso sokubeletha sowesifazane sikhule kakhulu, asishiyi kittens isikhathi eside, sivikela ngokuphelele ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezahlukumezayo ezahlukahlukene, ezinjenge-ermine kanye ne-Ferret. Uma inzalo isengozini, ikati ifuna indawo yokuhlala entsha ezolile.

Uyabondla ubisi izinyanga ezi-4, kepha vele ngosuku lwe-45, izilwane ezincane zingayidla inyama. Ngalesi sikhathi sezikhathi, ama-kittens aphuma ekhaya lawo elivikelekile ukuyodlala, ukugijima futhi ukugibela izihlahla - lokhu kuyisici sako konke ukukhula kwentsha. Uma bebona ingozi, bayacasha buthule bangahambi. Ngosuku lwe-60 kusukela azalwa, amakati enza uhambo lokuzingela nonina, futhi emva kwezinye izinsuku ezingama-90 aqala ukwahlukana futhi azingele ngokuzimela.

Izimbangi Zamahlathi Ehlathi

Amakati nawo anezitha futhi ziningi zazo. Bazingela lezi zilwane ngezikhathi ezithile. Okuyingozi kakhulu i-jackal, wolf ne-fox. Kodwa lezi zilwane ezinkulu azikwazi ukubamba ikati ezifuywayo, ingasaphathwa eyokudlalwa kwasendle. Iqhutshwa yizilwane ezidla izitha zomhlaba, igibela ngokushesha izihlahla ezinde futhi ingafinyeleleki kubo.

Usongo olubi kakhulu kulaba bantu ukulahleka kwamahlathi. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, ngenxa yokwehliswa kwehlathi, ikati lasehlathini alisakwazi ukutholakala. Encwadini ebomvu yaseBelarus, ikati lasendle libhekwa njengezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingasekho. ELithuania, isagcinwa, kepha kunezinkinga ezinkulu ekwandiseni inani labantu. Maphakathi nama-80s, eMoldova abadluli abantu abangama-70.

Akugcinanga lapho, ikati lasehlathini lasakazekela kulo lonke elase-Ukraine, kepha namuhla litholakala eTranscarpathia kanye namaCarpathians endaweni ephakeme ngo-1300 m - isibalo sawo ayidluli abantu abangama-400. Cishe laligcinwe emlonyeni weDanube.

I-Cat cat fur

Ngaphandle kwengonyama yeduna, okwaziwa ukuthi ine-mane ende, uboya bekati lekati liqukethe izinwele ezinobude obude noma bungaphansi kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Lezi zinwele zingaba mfushane noma zibe zinde, kuya ngesimo sezulu lapho kuhlala khona izinhlobo zekati ezaziwayo. Ngakho-ke, ingwe yasenyakatho ihlala yinde kakhulu kunendlela yayo eseningizimu - ingwe, kanye nehlosi, kutholakala kuwo womabili amazwe asishisayo nabandayo, kungaphansi koshintsho ngobude.

Kwezinwele zekati, amadevu empeleni abonakala kulo mndeni. Zifakwa ngaphakathi kwezinzwa ezikhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi zifanekisela izitho zokuthinta ezihamba phambili, ezinikezela ngezinsizakalo ezinhle ekuhambeni kwezilwane ebusuku.

Amehlo nomsila

Indlela yokuphila yamakati ebusayo yamakati ibonakaliswa nokwakheka kwamehlo abo amakhulu, umduli wawo ongandiswa noma wehliswe ngokuthola inkontileka noma ukunwebisa iris, kuye ngokuthi ukukhanya kukhanya ngesikhathi esithile.

Umsila wezinhlobo eziningi zamakati mude, iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ukunyakaza okufana nenyoka, okuvame ukubonwa ngokuthokozisayo noma ekuphishekeleni amakati awo adlayo.

Umbala

Amanye amakati, njengebhubesi ne-puma, maningi kakhulu noma ancipha, kepha cishe wonke amakati asanda kuzalwa, ngaphandle kwalezo ezifuywayo, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo zigqoka ingubo ebomvu noma emthende lapho ikhula.

Umucu ungaba mide noma ungashintshashintshi, bese iphethini elibonakalayo kwesinye isikhathi lingajwayelekile, bese amabala akuyo aqoqwe ngemigqa emide noma edlulayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zamakati, abantu abamnyama batholakala ngaphandle, isibonelo, ku-panther yase-Asia.

Ngokukhula, amakati ahluke kakhulu kunezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, impela, kanti bambalwa kuphela abathole ibhubesi elingaphandle nelingwe, ilungu elincanyana lomndeni wekati lincane kunekati lethu elijwayelekile lasekhaya.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Ngezinhlobo zazo ezingaba ngu-40, amakati amelelwa, ngaphandle kwe-Australia, kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, amakati akahambi kude nenyakatho njengamabhere nezinja, futhi awekho ngokuphelele e-Iceland naseMadagascar.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zingamazwe ezishisayo nezindawo ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwekati lethu elifuywayo, elisisiza ukuba sifunde okuningi ngohlobo lwalezi zilwane, wonke amakati adla inyama kuphela.
Ividiyo mayelana nekati lasehlathini:

Iningi labo lidla inyamazane ebisanda kubulawa, futhi yilabo kuphela abaphoqwa yindlala abaphendukela ku-carrion. Bahlasela isisulu sabo ngokuzumayo, njengoba ngaphambili babengene kuye ngokucophelela okukhulu. Onke amakati azingela yedwa, ngaphandle kwamabhubesi.

Ukusatshalaliswa

Umndeni nohlobo lwamakati kumelelwa emazweni amaningi e-Central Europe ikati elilodwa lasendle kuphela (i-F. catus). Kulesi zinhlobo, umsila awufinyelele cishe kubude bomzimba, kubo bonke ubude bawo obulinganayo, umbozwe izinwele ngokufana yonke indawo, uphela ngokufiphele futhi ubude bawo bungamasentimitha angama-32.

Ubude bomzimba wekati lasehlathini buhluka phakathi kuka-70 no-90, kanti ukuphakama kwesikwele kungaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-35-42. Ubovu bumsundu onsundu, ngemivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo, ingaphakathi lamathanga nesisu mhlophe, umqhele ngemivimbo emide emide, umphimbo unendawo emhlophe ophuzi, umsila emasongweni amnyama futhi onemikhawulo emnyama. Izwe lekati yasendle liphakathi neYurophu Ephakathi, ngaphezu kwalapho lisakazeka khona eduzane.

Kuze kube manje, ikati alitholakali emaxhaphozini aseScotland, eNyakatho neNtshonalanga neNgilandi, e-Ireland, eFrance, eJalimane, ePoland, eHungary, eSpain, e-Italy, eGrisi, eTurkey, eCaucasus naseTranscaucasia, lapho latholakala khona eGeorgia.

Ugcinwa kalula emahlathini amakhulu asezintabeni futhi ikakhulukazi ukhetha ama-conifer. Ngakho-ke, kusesejwayelekile impela eHarz nase-Alps, kodwa kaningi emahlathini angahlali muntu amaCarpathians. Ukusuka kulawa hlathi asezintabeni, ikati lehlathi lingena ezigodini uma lithola izikhala eziningi noma ezingapheli ezihlala kuzo, futhi livame ukususwa izinsuku eziningana ezindaweni zalo zokuhlala njengamanje.

Izici Zokuzingela

Ikati lasehlathini lihlasela umuntu kuphela ngokwedlulele noma elimele.

Ikati lasehlathini lidla izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele: amathole embuzi yasendle, ama-chamois amasha, ama hares, onogwaja, amagundane, amagundane nezinye izinduku, kanye nezinyoni ezahlukahlukene.

Ikati lasehlathini lilandelela inyamazane yalo hhayi kangako ngephunga, kodwa ngokubona nokuzwa. NgoMeyi noma ngo-Ephreli, insikazi iphonsa amathole ayisithupha ayizimpumputhe, uwafake emgodini, edwaleni ledwala, noma kwelinye ikona eliseceleni; uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, iwadonsela kwenye indawo ethembekile.

Ukuziphatha kwekati lasehlathini kufana kakhulu nekati efuywayo, njengalesi sokugcina, kuhlanza umoya omuhle, kuvula umlomo ngentukuthelo, kugoqe umhlane wayo e-arc futhi kuveze imizwa yayo ngokunyakazisa kwesihloko somsila.

Ezimweni eziningi, uma kungezona zonke, izindawo ezisatshalaliswa kuzo, ikati lasehlathini lixubeke kakhulu nekati eliqanjiwe lasekhaya kangangokuthi liyangabaza ukuthi lihlala kwenye indawo ekuhlanzeni kwalo kwasekuqaleni.

Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, ikati lasehlathini ngokuvamile lakhiwa ikati yasendle, kodwa lokhu kubukeka kungenzeka akunasisekelo.

I-Norwegian Forest Cat

I-Norwegian Forest Cat ikati elihehayo elinesigqoko esihle nokubukeka okuhle. Le cat enhle yaqalwa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule eNyakatho Yurophu. Ngakho-ke, waziwa ezweni lakubo njengeNorsk Skogkatt, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho "I-Norwegian Forest Cat".
Yize kuwuhlobo lwemvelo, akulona ikati yasendle. Lapho uqala ukubuka, bekuyinto evamile, kufana nekati lasekhaya eNorway, ngaphambi kokuthi ihlolwe ngokusemthethweni futhi iqashelwe eJalimane ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

I-Norwegian Forest Cat

Ukubonakala kwekati kuyinto evumelana nesimo sezulu sasebusika saseScandinavia. Uboya obumbili obumbeke kabili buvikela emakhazeni, futhi usayizi omkhulu ugcina ukushisa kungcono, njengoba kunjalo ngoMaine Coon. Eqinisweni, abaningi babheka iNkathi Yomusa WaseNorway njengokhokho weMaine Coon, yize eyokuqala incane.

Abesilisa bafinyelela isisindo esingamaphawundi angamashumi amabili ngesinye isikhathi, nabesifazane babalwa yingxenye yalowo usayizi. Ijazi likhona ngemibala ehlukahlukene nemaphethini, uboya nokubengezela ebusweni.

Iphrofayili iqondile futhi imilenze yangemuva yinde kunangaphambili. Ubuso bunxantathu ngamehlo amise okwama-alimondi, izindlebe ezinamazwibela nenkulumo ejwayelekile, imnandi kakhulu.

Uhlobo lokuzala olukhula kancane kancane lwamakati aseNorway - kuthatha iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu ngaphambi kokuba ikati lasehlathini likhule ngokugcwele. Zingamakati acwebile futhi azimele futhi ziyakwazi ukuhamba emgwaqweni futhi zibekezelele isimo sezulu esibandayo. Umsila wazo omuhle kakhulu we-fluffy ne-mane ehlaba umxhwele ayigcini nje ngokuba mthombo wobuhle obukhulu, kodwa futhi nokuvikela okusebenzayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Isimilo

Amakati ahlakaniphile futhi ayadlalayo, amakati aseNorway asehlathini anezimfanelo eziningi ezivamile naMaine Coons. Zinhle, kepha azidingi futhi zinekhono ngokwanele ekuzinakekeleni nasekuzinakekeleni, ngaphandle kokujabha endlini enkulu. Lezi zilwane eziqinile zingabagibeli abahle futhi zakhelwe kahle indlela yokuphila esebenzayo.
Abasubathi bemvelo, amakati amahlathi aseNorway, bathanda ukuhlola izinto zokubala, amabhukwana ezincwadi kanye neziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu zezihlahla zabo zamakati. Isisindo siyasebenza futhi siyadlala futhi sigcina umoya waso wokujabula lapho usumdala.
Kepha ungakhohliswa yimisipha ehehayo yohlobo lokuzalela nengaphandle lesimo sezulu sonke. Bahle, banobungane futhi bathambekele emndenini, futhi bayabathanda abangane babo abangabantu. Naphezu kweminyaka yasendle emahlathini aseNorway - noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yalokhu - bathanda ukucunuka kunokuba babaleke.
Ngenxa yale minyaka enzima yokusinda (ngokunokwenzeka), akukho okubakhathazayo, noma. Bathatha abantu abasha kanye nezimo ezintsha ekuhambeni. Amakati asehlathini ayizinhlobo eziqinile nezithule zamakati. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bangabacoci abakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma behleli eduze kwabathandekayo babo. Okuphilisayo, bathambekele ekungahlanganyeli nomuntu oyedwa, kepha kunalokho bathande wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwesimo nangomdlandla.
Ikati elinobungane nelizolile laseNorway liyindlela ekahle yemindeni enezingane. Uthanda ukunakwa akuthola ezinganeni ezihloniphayo nezinenhlonipho ngaye. Futhi akanendaba nokudlala phezulu noma ukugibela i-stroller.
Uyakujabulela ukuhlala namanye amakati nezinja ezincane, ngenxa yesimo sakhe sobungane. Yazisa izilwane ezifuywayo kancane nangaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ukuze zifunde ukuqondana.

Ezempilo Nokunakekelwa

Lezi zinhlobo zombili ezihlanganisiwe nezingxubevange zinezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zempilo ezingaba zesimo sofuzo. Amakati aseNorway asehlathini ngokuvamile anempilo, anempilo ende yeminyaka eyi-14 kuye kwayi-16.
Izifo ezilandelayo ziye zabonwa kuhlobo:

• Isifo sokuqongelelwa kwe-Glycogen IV, isifo esingamafa esijwayelekile esithinta i-glucose metabolism. Ama-kittens amaningi analesi sifo azalwa kabusha noma afa emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi amakati awabonisi zimpawu aze afike eminyakeni eyi-5 izinyanga futhi ngokuvamile afa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuyatholakala okungakhomba amakati athintekile futhi ophethe.
• I-Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, uhlobo lwesifo senhliziyo esitholwa kwezinye izinhlobo zekati ezinjengeMaine Coon. I-Heredity ayikaze ifakazelwe kukati lasehlathini laseNorway.
• Isifo sezinso sePolycystic, isifo sofuzo esibhubhisa izinso kancane kancane. Akukho ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA kwalesi sifo kumakati aseNorway, kepha lesi sifo singabonakala nge-ultrasound esemncane sezinyanga eziyishumi.
• I-dysplasia ye-retinal, isici esibonayo esidala amabala ku-retina, kepha ayonakalisi umbono wekati.

Umlando wekati laseNorway

INorway Forest Cat ekuqaleni yayihlala emahlathini aseNorway futhi yayaziwa ngabalimi bendawo njengesilwane esikhulu, esiqinile esinamakhono amahle kakhulu okuzingela.

Abafuyi abazalanga ikati kuze kube kuphela kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945), lapho icishe inyamalala.

Ikati laseNorway, elibizwa nge- scogkatt (ihlathi lekati) eNorway, luhlobo lwemvelo.Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo kwasendle, akuyona inzalo noma inzalo yanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zasendle zamakati.

Amakati asehlathini cishe afika eNorway evela eYurophu, izizukulwane zamakati afuywayo alethwa ngamaRoma eNyakatho Yurophu. Ivele kusukela ekuguqukeni kwezinguqulo, ushintsho ezimfanelweni zohlobo lokuzalwa olwenzeka ngokwemvelo, hhayi ngenqubo yokhetho yenziwa ngabakhiqizi bekati.

Inganekwane yaseNorse ikhuluma ngamakati amakhulu aseNorway olwazini lwayo ngonkulunkulu. Kwelinye nje, amabili ala makati akhipha inqola kaFreya, unkulunkulukazi wenzalo.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi ikati lasehlathini laseNorway selikhona isikhathi eside, ngoba eNyakatho Yezinganekwane kunezinkomba eziningana zamakati amakhulu anezinwele ezinde. Izilinganiso zesikhathi sokubhala salezi zinganekwane ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Iningi lezinganekwane zaseNorse zadluliselwa ngesiko lomlomo futhi, ekugcineni, zabhalwa emavesini okuthiwa yi-Edda, abhalwa ndawo ndawo phakathi kuka-800 no-1200 A.D. Lezi zinganekwane zisikisela ukuthi amakati asekhaya asenaseNorway amakhulu, futhi mhlawumbe izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ukuthi amakati akhonjiswe ezinganekwaneni angamakati asehlathini kuyaxoxwa ngalo.

Lapho amakati efika emazweni asenyakatho, ngokunokwenzeka enabafokazi, abathengisi noma ama-crusader, amadlozi alowo mhlobo cishe ayenezinwele ezimfushane ngoba amakati ahamba ngamaRoma ayeqhamuka eGibhithe (imvamisa) futhi ayenezinwele ezimfushane. Amakati asinda futhi azivumelanisa nesikhathi nesimo sezulu esibuhlungu. INorway Norway, lapho ilanga lingashoni khona kusukela ngoMeyi 12 kuya ku-Agasti 1, nalapho ubusuku basebusika bude futhi bumnyama, ngokulandelana, kwaba uvivinyo olunzima lwalamakati. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, bezulazula emahlathini aseNorway, bakhule isikhathi eside, budebekile, ijazi elingenamanzi, umzimba oqinile, ukubambana okusheshayo nokuthambekela kokusinda.

Imizamo yokuqala yokubona ikati lasehlathini njengohlobo olukhethekile lwaqala ngawo-1930s. Iklabhu yokuqala yamakati yaseNorway yasungulwa ngo-1934, kwathi ngo-1938 kwaboniswa ikati lokuqala lasehlathini e-Oslo, eNorway.

Kodwa-ke iMpi Yezwe Yesibili yathandabuza zonke izinhlobo zokuzalelwa kwekati nokubonisa, kwathi emva kwempi ukufuya kwasondela ekuqothulweni. Ukunqamula ikati laseNorway elinezinwele ezimfushane (elibizwa ngokuthi iHauskatt) kubeke engcupheni ukuba khona kwekati lasehlathini njengohlobo olumsulwa. Kwakungekho kuze kube ngawo-1970s lapho abathandi bekati eNorway baqala uhlelo oluqinile lokuzalela ukulondolozwa kwekati laseNorway.

Ikati lasehlathini laziswa eMelika ngo-1979. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iqembu elincane lama-amesha aseMelika lasungula iNorway Association of Forest Cat Lovers futhi laqala ukusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikati lasehlathini liyaziwa ngababhalisi bekati laseNyakatho Melika.

Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa

Amakati aseScandinavia kulula ukuwanakekela, ngoba uboya bawo obuphindwe kabili budinga ukunakwa kanye noma kabili ngesonto. Okuwukuphela kwento esidonsa ngayo, ukuthambekela kokudumba kabili ngonyaka (ekwindla nasentwasahlobo), lapho uboya bawo budinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, isibonelo, ifenisha kanye nokhaphethi.

Akunzima ukuzalanisa lezi zilwane, kodwa kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uboya bazo budinga umsoco omuhle: onempilo, olinganayo futhi ocebile.

Ngokwesilinganiso, amadola angama-600-800 aseMelika.

Izithombe zamakati aseNorway

Umbala wamakati we-Scandinavia ungaba nemithunzi ehlukene ngokuphelele futhi elula. Ikati lingaba nezithunzi ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela, lingaba nemivimbo eboyeni, futhi imibala yazo ayinakwa: obomvu, omhlophe, ompunga, omnyama, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu.

Ikati elimnyama nomhlophe

Amahlathi wekati lasendle

Ikati elimnyama nomhlophe

Izithombe zeminye imibala zikhonjiswa ngezansi:

ikati elimnyama lekati

Ikati elimnyama lihle, linamehlo aphuzi okubonisa, leli yiphupho labazalisi abaningi.

Ikati laseGrey ihlathi

Ikati laseGrey esihlahleni

Umbala ompunga uhlangana namehlo akhanyayo akhanya kahle wenza ikati libe manya ngendlela exakile, lihlakaniphile futhi linokuqonda.

Ikati elibomvu lasehlathini

Ikati elibomvu laseNorway lihle, kuvela "othandekayo" othanda ilanga futhi othokozela ubukhona bawo.

Ikati elimhlophe lekati

Ikati elihle elimhlophe liletha okuthile okugqamile futhi okuthembekile empilweni, amakati anjengalawa athandwa ngabantu abesabi ubunzima.

Umlando wezinhlobo

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Forest Cat yavela ngenkathi yePleistocene, eyaqala ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-2,5 futhi yaqeda eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-11,7 eyedlule. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ubuntu buneminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,8 kuphela, amakati asendle amdala okungenani ayi-9 kunabantu.

Ukuphela kwenkathi yePleistocene kubonakaliswa yisimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Iplanethi isanda kusinda ngenkathi yeqhwa, izinhlayiya zeqhwa ziyehla futhi, isimo sezulu sashintsha futhi saba ngamagagasi - izikhathi zokushisa okubukhali zashintshwa kanye nezikhathi zokuqala komoya obandayo kakhulu. Lezi zinqubo zidale ukuguqulwa kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho kwavela khona obhejane abanovolovolo, izilwane ezincelisayo, inyamazane enkulu, ibhubesi lomhume nezinye izinhlobo eziningi, ezivumelana ngokuphelele nezimo zezulu ezinzima.

Ngokushisa komhlaba okwalandela, izilwane eziningi zezikhathi zeqhwa nezikhathi zangemva kokubeletha azikwazanga ukuguquka futhi zanyamalala. Ikati, elingene emahlathini nasezintabeni ezinomthunzi, likwazi ukusinda.

Ngakho-ke, singakhuluma kuphela cishe, usuku lwakamuva lokuvela kwe-European Forest Cat njengezinhlobo - eziyizigidi eziyi-11,7 ezedlule. Yize, kungenzeka kakhulu, lesi silwane sesikhulile futhi ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezikhethekile sisindile ezinsukwini zethu kusukela esikhathini seqhwa.

Ukuhlatshwa kwekati kwenzeka kakhulu emuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule, lapho abantu beqala ukuphila impilo yokuhlala, ukwakha izindlu, ukuthuthukisa umhlaba wezolimo nokwenza ukudla.

UMnu Cat uyancoma: imininingwane

I-Central European Forest Cat, i-Felis silvestris silvestris noma i-European Wildcat, isilwane esidla inyama esidonsayo. Igama lesiLatini elithi Forest Cats lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "ikati yasendle ehlala ehlathini." Bahlala endaweni cishe yomhlaba wonke, okungukuthi, eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika (bahlukanisa izinhlobo ze-steppe). Ukuze uqonde ukwahlukaniswa ngemininingwane eminingi futhi uyiqonde, funda i-athikili mayelana neSteppe Cats. Le ndatshana izogxila kuphela kulezo zikati zasendle ezingamahlathi ezihlangene nendawo yaseYurophu.

Lesi isilwane esincane, esisakhula sikhulu kunekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya, yize sifana kakhulu ngesakhiwo esijwayelekile:

• Umzimba mude, mude, unemisipha.
• Abesilisa basuka ku-45 kuye ku-93 cm ubude, banesisindo esingu-6,5 kg, besifazane kusuka ku-39 kuye ku-78 cm no-4-7 kg.
• Izimbambo zinde ngobude obuphakathi nezinzipho ezibukhali ezingakwazi ukucasha kutholakale kalula. Zilungele kahle ukugibela izihlahla namadwala, ukuzingela nokuvikela ezitheni.
• Imilenze yangemuva yinde futhi inamandla kunangaphambili. Basiza isilwane ukwenza ukweqa okukhulu.
• Umsila ungobude obanele (kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-41 cm), imvamisa ungaphezulu kokwe usayizi womzimba. Ububanzi esisekelweni bese uthinta kancane, kepha ichopho lalo alikhonjiswanga, kepha liyindilinga.
• Inhloko enkulu enama-cheekbones abanzi athuthukisiwe. Imihlathi imfushane futhi ayibuthuntu. Amakati amakati asehlathini aseYurophu anomthamo omkhulu we-skull ukwedlula amakati asekhaya, isilinganiso esaziwa njenge-Schauenberg index.
• Izindlebe ezinobukhulu obuphakathi (5-7 cm), zibekwa kabanzi, ngaphandle kwamabhulashi kumathiphu, kepha ngomphetho wangaphakathi.
• Ama-Vibrissas aqine, aminyene, amhlophe. Eduze komlomo wabo kukhona ama-8-18 ohlangothini ngalunye ukusuka ku-5 kuye ku-8 cm ubude, emehlweni kukhona okungaphansi kwawo - 7-8 futhi amafushane (5-6 cm). Kepha futhi angaphakathi kwebhulashi, leli yiqembu le-3-6 hairs 4-5 cm ubude.
• Amehlo makhulu futhi ahlukaniswe kabanzi, ngesitshudeni esime mpo. Iris ipendiwe ngemibala ephuzi, eluhlaza okotshani noma ye-emerald-yegolide.
• I-lobe isicaba, sikhulu, ngombala wesitini.
• Ijazi linobude obujwayelekile obuphakathi emzimbeni wonke, likhulu kakhulu emsileni, elenza libonakale likhulu futhi linomoya omuhle.
• Isikebhe esingaphansi simanzi futhi siqinile. Ngenxa yaso, lesi silwane sitholakala sikhulu kakhulu.
• Faka umbala ngamathoni ampunga. Kunemigqa ephekiwe ekhanda, emuva, ezinhlangothini, umsila. Imigqa emine ehlukene imvamisa itholakala engxenyeni ye-occipital yesebe.
• Izindandatho ezimnyama zizungeza umsila, ukusuka kwabathathu kuya kwabayishumi.
• Ubusika behlobo ngemuva kokuncibilikisa bulula kakhulu, ngaphandle kokungcola kwe-ocher noku brownish, kwesinye isikhathi i-ashen.
• Imvamisa inezimbambo ezine zezingono: ezimbili esifubeni namabili asesiswini.
• Isethi ye-chromosome ifaka ama-diploids angama-38.

Amakati asendle aseYurophu ahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini aqobayo futhi axubile, lapho kungekho khona izindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Kukhona futhi abantu emingceleni nasezihlathini ezisogwini, eduze kwamaxhaphozi, emagqumeni. Gwema izindawo eziphakemeyo zezintaba, izindawo ezineqhwa ezinesembozo esiphakeme.

Ikati eliyiCentral European likhulu ngokwedlula izihlobo zalo zasendle ezivela emaqeleni. Kukhona nabesilisa abanesisindo esingu-14-16 kg. Izihlobo eziseduzane zalezi zilwane ama-marsh lynxes, uPallas.

Izinhlobo Zezilwane Zasendle Zasendle

Cat ihlathi ikati ifaka subspecies 23, phakathi kwazo ikakhulukazi:

• I-Central European Felis silvestris silvestris,

• I-Caucasan Felis silvestris Caucasica,

• I-Turkestan Felis silvestris caudata,

• Omani Felis silvestris gordoni,

• I-Steppe Felis silvestris lybica,

• I-subspecies yase-Afrika uFelis silvestris cafra,

• I-Chinese Felis silvestris chutuchta,

• Ikati eyenzelwe ekhaya iFelis silvestris.

Ukudla kwekati lehlathi

Ikati lasehlathini liyisidlanzana esincane esijwayelekile. Kepha yize sincane, ungabhekwa njengomzingeli ophumelele futhi oyingozi. Futhi inyamazane yakhe ingaba yizilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, azibuka esangweni lokungena kwazo.

Kungaba ngamagundane amancane: amagundane, ama-hamsters nama-voles, kanye nonogwaja, ama hares nama-muskrats. Amakati asendle ahlasela abamele umndeni we-martyn: i-ferrets, i-weasels, i-ermines, yize zivame ukunika abahlukumezayo ukubuyisa ngesibindi futhi zize zibabeke engcupheni enkulu.

Amakati asendle azingela ngempumelelo amagundane namanzi nezinyoni, ikakhulukazi ama-waterfowl, egibela izihlahla zilenga phezu kwamanzi ukuze agxume emihlane yazo, abambe crayfish nezinhlanzi emanzini.

Babuye baxoshe izinyoni ekubambeni izinkukhu nakulabo abakha izidleke phansi, bezilimaza ngaphandle kwesihawu, zidla amaqanda nam amaphuphu angenakusizwa. Ukujaha ama-squirrels, amakati asendle agibela izihlahla ezinde kakhulu.

Kwesinye isikhathi, noma kungenqabile, izisulu zekati zingaba ngamathoyizi ezilwane ezinkulu nezilwane ezilimele njenge-roe deer, chamois ne-deer. Amakati asehlathini akhetha ukuzingela yedwa.

Futhi ikakhulukazi ezikhathini ezinzima, lapho kunokuntuleka okunamandla kokudla, ngeke bafune ukuhlanganyela inyamazane yabo nezihlobo zabo. Kuthiwa amakati asendle ahlasela izinkukhu nezimbuzi. Ukungena emapulazini, amakati amahlathi aphatha izilwane ezincane. Ngasikhathi sinye, amasela adloba ajoyina impi yokuphangwa ngisho nezinja.

Ukuzala kabusha futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwekati lehlathi

Umuntu ngamunye, amakati asehlathini, abheka imiphakathi yezihlobo zawo izikhathi ezi-1-2 kuphela ngonyaka ngezikhathi zokukhwelana, lapho abeka uphawu khona kuleyo ndawo futhi enze imisindo yokumemeza ebabizayo.

Abesifazane bavame ukuba namandla okuzala sebevele beneminyaka eyi-9 kuya kwezingu-10 ubudala. Abesilisa bavuthwa kakhulu kamuva, futhi bakulungele ukuba nabantwana kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.

Amakati ngesikhathi sokusesha abalingani bashiya izindawo ezakhiwe, baya kude nabo futhi, babuthane ngamaqembu, balandela insikazi. Imvamisa phakathi kwabo kuba nokulwa kokuthola okhethiweyo.

Kumawundlu akhulayo, avame ukuzalwa kusuka kwabathathu kuya kwabayisithupha, amakati athole futhi ahlomise imisele ebhekekile, ayifaka ngotshani obomile nezimpaphe zezinyoni. Umama kuphela osebenzisana ekondleni nasekukhuliseni kittens.

Amacube adla ubisi isikhathi esingangenyanga nesigamu, ngemuva kwalokho aqala ukushintshela kokunye ukuphakela, ezama ukuzingela inyamazane encane.

Futhi ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu bangena impilo yokuzimela. Amakati asendle avame ukunamathela kumakati asendle. Laba abamele umndeni wekati bangashada kalula futhi babe nezingane.

Amakati asehlathini aphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-10, imvamisa efa esemncane. Kepha abanye abantu basinda bade baguge kakhulu, okwenzeka kulezi zilwane eneminyaka eyi-12 kuya kwengu-15.

I-European Forest Cat Habitat

Iningi labantu basehlathini baseYurophu bahlala entshonalanga nasenkabeni yezwekazi - eWestern Ukraine, eMoldova, eSlovakia, eCarpathians naseTranscarpathia. Esiqeshini Sase-Iberian kukhona futhi okulandelayo - ikati elikhulu lase-Iberia.

Ikati laseYurophu liyatholakala naseCaucasus, lapho lisondelene neFelis silvestris caucasica. Ingxenye enkulu yabo ihlale isikhathi eside eScotland, kepha manje isongelwa ngokuqothuka ngenxa yokugcwala kokugcwala kwamakati namakati asekhaya.

Abantu base-Ukraine bahlala ikakhulukazi kuma-Hornbeam-oak obanzi, i-beech kanye namanye amahlathi axubile. IMoldavian iphinde yakhetha amahlathi e-beech ukuze ihlale kuwo, kodwa iyatholakala nasezikhukhula. Lezi ngamathanga aminyene we-thaw kanye nomhlanga ngama-willow angenalutho angasho lutho kanye nodaka.

Ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia, iJalimane, iningizimu yeSpain, i-Italiyane ziphakathi kwezindawo lapho kuhlala khona i-European Forest Cat.

Lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2-3 ngaphezulu kolwandle. Ijazi labo eliwugqinsi loboya obuphansi nendawo efudumele livumelana nokuhlukahluka okukhulu okushisa, ukushisa, umswakama ophezulu kanye nesithwathwa.

Phakathi kokuphela kwekhulu le-17 nephakathi kwaphakathi neshumi lama-20, indawo yokuhlala yekati yahlukana ngenxa yokuzingela okukhulu kanye nokubhujiswa kwesifunda. Mhlawumbe lesi silwane sanyamalala ngokuphelele eCzech Republic futhi sibhekwa njengesiqothulwe esifundeni sase-Austria, yize abantu abaphendukayo base-Italy besathuthela lapho. Izinhlobo azikaze zihlale eScandinavia, futhi iSicily ukuphela kwesiqhingi esinabantu abaningi balezi zilwane ezihlala lapho.

Izici zokuziphatha

Amakati amahlathi aseYurophu aqikelela kakhulu, angabizwa nangokuthi anamahloni. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukubonakaliswa kobudlova kubantu ongabazi. Lawa makati agwema ikakhulukazi ukuhlaliswa kwabantu, azame ukubamba iso labantu. Sekukonke, bakhetha ukungangeni ezingxabanweni nanoma yisiphi isihlobo sabo, hhayi nabanye abahlaseli.

Bahlala bodwa. Owesilisa osekhulile uyakwazi ukulawula indawo eyihlathi aze afike kumakhilomitha-skwele amathathu. Ukumaka imingcele, ikati lishiya amamaki ezihlahleni zezihlahla ezivela emabeleni omzimba kanye nophawu lwenhlamvu. Ngakho-ke, abantu ongabazi abavamile ukungena endaweni yabo.

I-European Forest Cat inezitha eziningi zemvelo - i-lynx (Lynx), ikati elikhulu le-steppe, umhlanga (Felis chaus), impungushe (Vulpes Vulpes), impisi ye-grey (Canis lupus), i-jackal (i-Canis aureus), i-marten (iMartes martes), ibhere (I-Ursus arctos). ETajikistan, impisi iyimpikiswano ebaluleke kunazo zonke yeCat Cat, kunokucekelwa phansi njalo kwezimbambo zekati. Izinyoni ezidla inyama, kufaka phakathi i-Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) ne-Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), zivame ukuzingela izinyane lekati ngempumelelo. Isazi sezeMvelo uSeton Gordon waqopha icala lapho ikati leHlathi lalilwa khona ngokhozi lwegolide (i-Aquila chrysaetos), okwaholela ekufeni kwalezi zinhlangothi zombili.

Isilwane sichitha iningi lesikhathi sasemini emgodini, imvamisa ihlelwe esibayeni esidala esihlahleni esikhulu. Izihlahla eziyize zivame ukuqukethe i-sawdust eyanele, ukuze ikati lingasebenzi udoti owengeziwe. Uma amabafu evela emgodini, ikati likaSteppe lithuthela kwenye indawo. Ebusika, lapho iqhwa livimbela ikati ekuhambeni amabanga amade, ihlala endaweni yalo yokuhlala kuze kube yilapho izimo zezulu zokunyakaza zithuthuka.

Labo bantu abahlala ezintabeni benza ukuzulazula emifantwini yamadwala noma emiseleni elahliwe yamabibi (iMeles meles) nezimpungushe (iVulpes Vulpes). Zibonisa ukufakwa okuncane ngaphansi kwamawa, amahlumela aminyene kwamagatsha, ngoba ama-Wild Cats akusona isigodi kuphela, kepha futhi kuyisiphephelo sesikhashana ngesikhathi sengozi.

Imisele yamatshe noma imisele ibekwa njengoba izindawo zokukhosela zifakwe umhluzi ngamakhambi owomile nezimpaphe zezinyoni.

Ezikhukhuleni zezilwane, izilwane zikhetha imfoloko ebanzi yezihlahla nezidleke zezinyoni ezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo, imichwane, yokuphephela nezindawo zokuphumula.

Ukuze uthole inyamazane, inyamazane ihamba ebusuku, amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokusa. Kepha ezimweni zobusika, uzingela ngokwengeziwe ekuseni kakhulu kuze kuhlwe.

Amakati aseYurophu ahlala ezigodini zezikhukhula alawula ihektha elilodwa noma amabili endawo, kodwa abesilisa bangashiya imingcele yendawo yabo ngenkathi yokukhwelana beyofuna abesifazane.

Ikati lasehlathini laseYurophu liyakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu lapho lilanda isisulu noma lishiya ukuxoshwa, likhwela ngokuphelele izihlahla namatshe aphansi.

Isilo sinokuzwa okuhle kakhulu nombono, izinga elincane eliphansi lokuhogela. Ukuthula, kodwa okwazi ukwenza imisindo ephansi nengakhali yokukhala, kungahlanza, kuqhume, kudubule, kube nokwakhe.

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezitha ehlathini, okuthi, nokho, inyamazane ikwazi ukucasha ngokushesha ezihlahleni nasemifantwini yamatshe, ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwesilo kwenza ukuzihlanganisa nesidalwa esimnyama nesinamahloni. Noma kunjalo, ingesinye sezilwane ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni, ezikhumbuza ikati langaphandle elivamile.

Isabelo sokudla

Amakati aseYurophu asehlathini angamakhambi ajwayelekile okudlwengulwa kuwo

• amaheya
• onogwaja
• izinyoni zomhlaba
• ukholo
• squirrels
• amagundane amanzi
• ama-muskrats
• izinqe
• izinhlungu
• i-ferrets
• izinyamazane ezincane, ama-chamois kanye nezinyamazane zoxhaka,
• izimbuzi zasendle nezasekhaya,
• amagundane pasyuki
• hamsters
• izibankwa
• izinyoka
• namagundane amancane (amagundane, ama-voles, ama-dormouse).

Amabalele, ama-muffin, ama-cowgirls, amadada kanye nama-pheasants athinteka kakhulu ngokuhlaselwa yi-European Forest Cat. Umhlaseli akahluphi nje ngokubahlasela, kodwa futhi uhlasela nezidleke zazo. Phambilini, lezi zilwane zazizingela ngisho nama-bustards nezinkozi.

Ekuzingeleni kwamadada, izilwane ziyakwazi ukubhukuda, kepha zikwenza kuyaqabukela, azithandi amanzi. Yize kwesinye isikhathi benqaba ukudla amasele, amakhrayoni nezinhlwayi, empeleni lokhu kuyintandokazi yabo. Kwesinye isikhathi amakati amahlathi aseYurophu, yize engajwayelekile kakhulu, angena ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu ukuzingela ama-turkeys, amadada, amakati, izinkukhu.

Yize iqiniso lokuthi inyamazane ingahamba ngokushesha okukhulu, ayisebenzisi indima yomdlalisi ngesikhathi sokuzingela, kepha ithanda ukuthatha isikhundla sokulinda nokubona, inyamekele ngokuqapha emgodini noma esidlekeni. Kube sekulandela ukugxuma nokufa okusheshayo kosisulu. Kulokhu, ikati libulala abantu abancane ngokuququda ithambo le-occipital, kanti elikhudlwana ligxuma emhlane walo lizama ukuklebhula intamo yalo. Uma ukuhlaselwa kwehluleka, ikati ngeke lixoshe inyamazane, kodwa libheke esinye isisulu.

Umbono we-Forest Cat wenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ukwazi ukugxila engxenyeni encane yensimu, indawo esele iyifiphele, futhi ayikwazi ukulandelela isilwane esihambayo. Kepha angenza ukukhuphuka okukhulu ngosayizi wakhe - amamitha amabili noma amathathu ubude nokuphakama.

Lezi zilwane zinobuhlakani obukhulu, ikati elinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala liyakwazi ukudla amagundane aphakathi ayishumi ngosuku, kanti umuntu omdala aze afike ku-kilogramu amabili nohhafu wezinyosi ezintsha. Yize ikati laseYurophu liyisilwane esincane, kodwa ngumzingeli onesibindi futhi ongesabi. Ngakho-ke, akuyona yonke inja yokuzingela elangazelela ukuhlasela i-rat-pasuke noma i-hamster, futhi ngesibindi iziphonsa kulawa makhulu amabi.

Ukuzingela ama-martens, ama-ermines, ama-weasels noma ama-ferrets ayingozi futhi ikati alihlali liphuma kuleyo mpi njengomnqobi. Intsha eningi ifa ezimpini ezinjalo.

Ukuzingela kokuqala kuvame ukwenzeka amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba kumnyama, kuthi owesibili asondele ekuntweleni. Ngezinsuku zasehlobo ezinamafu, isilo siyakwazi ukuphuma emafutheni phakathi nosuku.

Imvamisa idla inyamazane, ihlale phansi emilenzeni yayo yangemuva futhi ibambe isidumbu ngaphambili. Akazikhiphi izingcezu zenyama, kodwa aqhekeze izinsensane.

Kumakati aseYurophu, ukuzwa kuzakheke kahle kangangokuba kuthatha imisindo efinyelela ku-25 yezinkulungwane ngomzuzwana, okungukuthi, uyakwazi ukuzwa ukunyakaza kwesigaxa.

Ukuthomba nokuzala

I-European Forest Cat ngumuntu ozibiza ngomuntu onesimo esindayo nesimfihlo, kepha ngesikhathi sokuqhuba ucansi, isilo siyaguquka. Uba matasa kakhulu futhi azimisele ngokufuna umbhangqwana.

Ukuzala kuvame ukwenzeka kabili ngonyaka. Isizini lokuqala lokuzala ligcina ngoJanuwari-Mashi.

Abantu besifazane nabesilisa benza imisindo ekhuthazayo futhi bamaka indawo. Abesilisa bajaha abesifazane futhi bavame ukulwa bodwa ukuze babe nelungelo lokuba nentombi.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi iqala ukulungiselela umhume - ikhetha imbobo noma umgodi bese izilinganisa ngamakhambi owomile, amahlamvu, izimpaphe zezinyoni ezidliwayo.

Ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ukuzalwa kukadoti wokuqala kwenzeka, lapho kuvame ukuzalwa amawundlu amathathu kuya kwayisithupha.

Izingane ezincane (150-200 gr), zimbozwe mnyama phansi, izimpumputhe futhi azisizi ngalutho. Umbala wazo ubonakale kakhulu kunowabantu abadala futhi uhambisana kakhulu nohlobo lwakudala.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamazinyane, owesilisa ushiya owesimame futhi angazibandakanyi ekukhuliseni nasekukhuliseni inzalo.

Umama usuthisa ubisi lwezingane izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine, uvikele i-weasel ne-ermine, futhi uma kudingekile aludlulisele endaweni entsha.

Kusukela enyangeni nesigamu, amawundlu aqala ukukhasa ephuma emgodini, adlale ngenkuthalo futhi azame ukudla okuqinile. Bafunda ukugibela izihlahla, lapho bacasha khona uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.

Kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuphila, ama-kittens asehlathini aseYurophu aqala ukufunda ukuzingela, futhi ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha akwazi ukuziphilisa ngokuzimela. Yize izintokazi zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba zinezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye kuphela, kanti abesilisa kuphela ngeminyaka emithathu.

Lapho intsha ishiya umama wayo, kuqala ucansi olulandelayo. Amakati ngalesi sikhathi azama ukusondela kwikati lamahhala futhi aqhubeke nokulwa okungapheli phakathi kwawo.

Owesilisa oqinile ekugcineni uhola futhi abe nguyise wenzalo entsha, ehlala njalo.

Kwesinye isikhathi izintokazi zishada namakati adukelayo, zivame ukubalekela ekhaya, bese izinhlobo ziwohloka, ngoba lezi zinhlobo zifana kakhulu ngofuzo futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlanganisa inzalo. Indaba yokuwohloka ngenxa yokuhambisana namakati asekhaya iyaphendulwa, ngoba bancane kakhulu kunabalingani babo basendle.

Kwesinye isikhathi amakati asekhaya ahlanekezelwa ehlathini imvamisa eba abangane namakati asendle aseYurophu. Inzalo ihlala ehlathini futhi ihlangana nabantu abaphambili, yenze buthaka kakhulu ngofuzo. Yize imibono yososayensi mayelana nobukhulu bokuwohloka kusuka ekuhlanganiseni okunjalo kwehluke kakhulu.

Kungamukeleki ukuthi bekuvela kumakati asendle ukuthi izinkukhu ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ezifana nehlathi laseNorway neSiberia zaqhamuka.

Noma amakati wekati laseYurophu esezandleni zomuntu esemncane, kunzima kakhulu ukuzilawula, cishe akunakwenzeka.

Ngokwezimo zezindawo ezibekelwa ezitolo nasezindlini zozimele, lo mnikazi wepulazi uhlala futhi afuya ngokuzithandela, kepha kungcono ukungakuqukathi efulethini noma endlini yangasese. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umgodi wasendle uzovela futhi izinhlangothi zombili ziyohlupheka - izilwane kanye nabantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-European Forest Cat ayinampilo kakhulu ukuhlala eduze komuntu ngenxa yokuqapha okukhulu futhi nokuba nehaba. Uma isilwane esinjalo sisendlini, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezifanele kuye:

• Nikeza isikhala esanele sokunyakaza okusebenzayo nokukhuphuka, futhi okungcono - indiza ebanzi.
• Ungahlanganisi ikati yasendle nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo.
• Hlela ukushisa okufika ngesikhathi, ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezinambuzane zangaphandle nokugoma okuvamile.
• Bheka ngokushesha impilo yesilwane esingajwayelekile, uma kwenzeka kugula, xhumana nomtholampilo wezilwane ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.
• Khetha ukudla okulungile nokuphelele, lapho ukudla kwamaphrotheni kufanele kube yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke - inyama enamafutha aphansi (inkukhu, i-veal, unogwaja), imikhiqizo yobisi, inhlanzi entsha, inhlanzi (isibindi, inhliziyo, amaphaphu), amaqanda enkukhu.
• Ungakhohlwa ngesidingo sokufaka ama-vitamin-mineral complexes ekudleni.

Ikati lasehlathini laseYurophu liyisilo sezilwane esinempilo kakhulu, kepha ngokunakekelwa okungafanele kanye nokudla okunempilo kungafa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngempela, indlela yokuphila ekhaya noma i-aviary ukucindezela kakhulu umzingeli.

Ngokuntuleka kwamaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, amavithamini, izinto ezincane kanye nama-macro esilwaneni, isilwane singaba nezifo ezinzima, njengesifo sezinso se-polycystic, i-glycogenosis, i-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, i-retinal dysplasia.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ikati laseYurophu lasehlathini lingahlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engafika kwengama-30, kanti ngokwemvelo isikhathi salo sokuphila asivame ukufinyelela ku-15.

Ukutholwa kwenyathi

Uma usunqumile ukuthenga lesi silwane, esingakulungele ngokuphelele ukulungiswa kwasekhaya, kuzodingeka ukusithenga kumthengisi ochwepheshe kuphela. Izindleko zama-kittens ziqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40.

Kungcono ukukhetha umntwana ovela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezine, khona-ke kuzoba khona okungenani ithuba elithile lokushiswa. Yize kungakufanele ukulinda isilwane esithenda ukuba sikhule kwikati yasendle. Ngisho nengane evumelana nezimo kakhulu isazogcina umlingiswa wayo othanda inkululeko.

Namuhla, ezindaweni ezihlala izilwane, ubukhulu bendawo yokuhlala yabo abuphakeme kunabantu abangamashumi amabili ngehektha (100 nge-100 m), futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubili noma kathathu ngekhilomitha-skwele (1000 nge-1000 m). Ukwehla kokuphakelwa kokudla, inani lamagundane nezinyoni, nakho kuyathinta.

Yize inani lentengiso lekati yasendle belingakaze libe likhulu, maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ukuze bathole izikhumba. Namuhla, iningi labazingeli liwela kwizicupho ezifakwe kuma-martens nasemabheni.

Namuhla i-Central European Forest Cat ibhalwe ohlwini lwesibili lwe-CITES (Convention on International Trade). Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, le nhlobo inyamalala ngokuphelele, ngokwesibonelo, eBelarus. Ngakho-ke, eDagestan amakhophi ayikhulu kuphela esilwane esingavamile afundwayo.

Ngubani ikati lehlathi

Ikati lasendle, elibizwa nangokuthi yiYurophu, lingelomndeni wekati futhi libhekwa njengesilwane zasendle. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, wayevela emakati ahlala ezindlini ezineminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule. Kwenzekile eMiddle East. Ukugcinwa kwezilimo ezitshaliwe lapha kwakhanga amagundane. Futhi amakati asendle anqume ukuzingela “ubumnandi” obunjalo. Isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sesilwane sasehlathini ikati lendunduma yesihlabathi.

Isihlobo esiseduze sekati lekati yikati

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, inani labantu liye lehla kakhulu. Ensimini yeRussian Federation, izilwane zigcinwa ezindaweni ezigcinwe kuzo, ngoba ziyizinhlobo ezingandile. Usongo olukhulu kubantu luwukuncipha kwenani lamahlathi. Inani lezinhlobo libuye lihlotshaniswe nenani lokuphamba okuyinhloko - amagundane. Isilinganiso sabantu esiphakeme kunazo zonke singabantu abangama-20-30 kubantu ngamunye nge-1 sq. Km. m. Ikati libhalwe ku-CITES Convention (Isithasiselo II), kanye Nencwadi Ebomvu.

I-Forest Cat Incazelo

Ukubonakala kwesilwane kufana kakhulu nekati lasekhaya. Kunama-subspecies angama-23 esewonke, okulandelayo okuvame ukutholakala eRussia:

• I-European Forest Cat - iboniswa ijazi elimpunga elinemigqa emnyama echezuka emzimbeni kusuka emgogodleni,
• Ikati yasendle yaseCaucasian - inombala onsundu onamabala amnyama emzimbeni wonke,
• Ikati elikhulukazi laseNyakatho ye-East - lifaka amabala ampunga esikhunjeni esibomvu,
• Ikati lomhlanga, noma i-lynx egqamile - ihluke ngokungafani nesizinda sabalingani bayo ngezinwele ezibomvu ezicacile namakhathoni amnyama ezindlebeni,
• Ikati lasehlathini lase-Amur - linejazi eliminyene elinamachashaza amnyama namabala ansundu.

Amakati ahlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule (i-Afrika, iTurkmenistan) ajwayele ukuba mancane kunezinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlukaniswa umbala olula. Futhi abakhileyo ezintabeni banombala ongaphansi omanzi nezinwele ezinde. ICaucasian imvama ukudidaniswa ne-Europeanccat, kepha lokhu kungu-subspecies enkudlwana (isisindo sayo esikhulu ngama-11 kg).

Izimo zokuboshwa

Isilwane esinjalo esiyingqayizivele sithanda ububanzi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusigcina sisendaweni encane ebiyelwe noma ngokuhlomisa i-aviary. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isilwane sigxuma ngamamitha ayi-3 ubude, ngakho-ke uthango lungcono ukukwenza okuphezulu ngaphezulu. Kule ndawo ebiyelwe, kufanele kube nezihlahla noma izingodo lapho isilwane sizokhwela khona, njengoba enzile endle. Kwi-zoo, izimo zesilwane kufanele zifane.

Vele, endaweni yokubhuka, lapho isilwane sizwa sengathi sisendle, siphila kangcono kune-zoo.

Ekuthunjweni, amakati azala kahle. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwabo ezinqolobaneni nasezitolo zezilwane, inani labantu liyagcinwa.

Lapho kufakwe ikati lasehlathini, kufanele kube nezihlahla noma izingodo ayezisebenzisa ukukhwela endle

Kulula ukunakekela isilwane esinjalo - kwanele ukuhlanganisa izinwele zezilwane masonto onke futhi usigeze njalo ngenyanga (kepha kaningi lokhu akufanele kwenziwe). Ikati lasendle alithandi ukuguqulwa, ngakho-ke "izinto zakhe" azidingi ukushintshwa. Lezi zilwane ziqinile ngokweqiniso ngokomzimba, kepha noma kunjalo kudingeka uvakashele udokotela wezilwane njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ezizosiza ekuqedeni lezi zifo ezilandelayo ezizalwayo kuhlobo lokuzalela:

• I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (isifo senhliziyo),
• isifo sezinso esise-polycystic,
• i-dysplasia ye-retinal.

Akunconywa ukusabalalisa noma ukufaka inzalo isilwane sasendle, ngoba akubekezeleli ukubulala izinzwa.

Umngane wami uhlala ethumela izithombe zekati lakhe lasendle, njengoba ehlala kude futhi anginayo indlela yokubona isilwane. Umngani uthi isimo sesilwane sakhe asishintshi kakhulu, kepha uthi lesi sici siyinto yasemkhakheni wesilwane. Le ntombazane ithi, kunalokho, iyamfanela. Ukwazi isilwane sakhe sigeza kakhulu, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi asiziphathi ngokubukeka kwakhe, okulungele kakhulu kuye, njengoba kungashiwo ukuthi “phila” emsebenzini. Futhi ikati, yize linomlingiswa, kepha liyamkhumbula, kodwa muva nje esejwayele inqubo enjalo. Inkinga enkulu ukondla abahlanzi - umngani wakhetha yena ukudla okungokwemvelo, okumele akulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Imvamisa kuthatha ingxenye ehloniphekile yangempelasonto, yingakho intombazane ithukuthele. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwakhe, kufanele, ngoba umhlaseli wangempela uhlala eduze kwakhe. Ngokwesilwane, umngani wahlela indlu ekhethekile efana nendiza encane. Kwesinye isikhathi uvumela ikati ukuthi lihambehamba elizungeza indawo yakhe, kepha wesaba kakhulu ukuthi izilwane zasendle ziyolunqoba uthando lwayo ngenceku yakhe, isilwane sibaleke.

Ividiyo: ikati lasehlathini laseMpumalanga Ekude lihlala kanjani endle

Kunezinhlobo ezingama-23 zokubhalwa kwamakati asendle asehlathini. Lezi zilwane azikuthandi ngempela ukuhlala ekudingisweni, kepha zisathanjiswa ngabantu ngenxa yokuqothuka kwabantu, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi njalo. Endle, lezi zidla zanyama zithanda ukuba zodwa futhi zihlangana kuphela ngokuzana. Ukuhlala ekudingisweni, badinga indawo yezindiza noma indawo ebiyelwe emincane ngesihlahla nangamagatsha lapho isilwane sithanda ukukhuphukela khona.