Ukususwa ekhaya izimbongolo zasendle (lat. I-Equus asinus, umndeni wamahhashi) kwenzeka kudala kakhulu, cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisi-5,6 eyedlule, eGibhithe lasendulo naseTopiya. Kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezikhona - kulan (lat. I-Equus hemionus) nembongolo yase-Afrika (lat. I-Equus asinus) - kwakungukugcina owaba ngumsunguli wesimanje izimbongolo (lat. I-Equus asinus asinus) Imbongolo yasendle yase-Afrika imelwe ngemvelo yizinhlobo ezimbili: imbongolo ye-steppe (isatshalaliswa isuka ezinyaweni ezifika eNayile iye ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu) nembongolo yaseSomalia (indawo yokuhlala yaseSomalia peninsula yase-Afrika).
Indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane ayihlukaniswa ngokukhethiwe kokuphakelwa, ngakho-ke izimbongolo zaziwa ngokuzithoba kwazo ekudleni. Zidla izitshalo ezine-herbaceous, izihlahlana, kufaka phakathi prickly, izihlahla ezikhule kakhulu, izitshalo izimpande. Isidingo sabo samanzi sinqunyelwe ngokwengeziwe. Izimbongolo zasendle zingasebenzisa ngisho namanzi anosawoti nangomunyu, futhi ziye endaweni yokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile, njalo ngezinsuku ezintathu. Isikhathi sokuphila salezi zilwane cishe siyiminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-35, kwesinye isikhathi kubalelwa isikhathi eside abaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-45 noma ngaphezulu siyenzeka.
Izilwane zingena eminyakeni yazo yokukhiqiza zineminyaka emine noma emihlanu. Ukukhula kwezimbongolo, kuya ngohlobo lokuzalela, kuyehluka kusuka ku-0,9 m kuya ku-1.63 m. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wesilwane esinempilo libalelwa ku-+40 ° - 38 ° C, izinga lokushayela lisuka ku-45 liye ku-55 beats ngomzuzu. Izimbongolo zabesifazane zizala izinyanga ezili-12 kuya kwezingu-14. Imvamisa baba nethambo elilodwa, ezimweni ezikhethekile, ezimbili. Izinsana zidla ubisi isikhathi esifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi kusukela eminyakeni yobudala emibili ziqala ukujwayela kancane kancane. Izimbongolo zitholakala nezifo ezifanayo namahhashi, kodwa kuyaqabukela zigule. Into engathandeki kubo yizimo zesimo sezulu esomile, esibandayo nesinomswakama, ngakho-ke ukukhulisa izimbongolo kulezi zindawo kuyinkinga enkulu.
Ukulawulwa kwezimbongolo zasendle kwenzeka kakhulu kunamahhashi. Lezi ezifuywayo zokuqala esizaziyo. Zasetshenziswa njengamandla okusalungiswa, umsebenzi wezolimo, njengokusalungiswa nokupakisha izilwane, ubisi, inyama nezikhumba eziqinile. Ngesikhathi sempi yasendulo yaseSumeriya, izimbongolo zazibanjiswelwa impi yezinqola, futhi inkosi yasePheresiya uDarius Mina ngasebenzisa lezi zilwane, kuze kwaba yileso sikhathi angaziwa amaSkithe futhi abangela ukwesaba ngokubhonga kwawo, ukusabisa amabutho namahhashi ezitha. Kuze kube namuhla, izithombe eziboshwe odongeni zezimbongolo zigcinwe emathuneni oPharao. Kwakungosizo lwalezi zilwane ezisebenza kanzima neziqinile lapho kwakhiwa khona imibhoshongo yaseGibhithe.
Izimbongolo zazibaluleke kakhulu lapho zinqamula emagqumeni amade, ngenxa yalokho, zazisetshenziswa njengezilwane ezazipakisha ukwandisa ukuhweba ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane. Ngenxa yokwakheka okukhethekile, ubulukhuni namandla ezinselo, izimbongolo azidingi ukwenziwa, zenziwa zishintshwe isikhathi eside endaweni enamadwala, zinqobele kalula imithambeka yezintaba futhi zingakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzethemba nemithwalo emigwaqweni emincane futhi eyingozi. Kepha la makhaza awakulungele ukugijima ngokushesha, ngakho ijubane lokuhamba ezimbongolweni liphansi kakhulu kunasehhashi. Izimbongolo nazo zinesimo esibi kakhulu kwizithiyo zamanzi, njengoba zingazi ukubhukuda.
Amandla, ukukhuthazela, ukungathobeki, ubuhlakani nokuqapha kwezimbongolo kufake isandla ekusatshalalisweni kwawo kabanzi emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, futhi emuva kwesikhashana eCaucasus naseningizimu yeYurophu. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zilwane ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, lapho kungekho khona amadlelo amahle anele, kwavela kwaba ngcono kakhulu kunamahhashi, ngakho-ke izimbongolo zazibaluleke kakhulu enqubekweni yokuthuthukisa amazwe amasha. Namuhla inani lezimbongolo emhlabeni lifinyelela ezigidini ezingama-50.Inani elikhulu lezilwane ligxile e-Afrika, China, South America, India, Mexico, e-USA, kanye nezimbongolo ezinhle kakhulu ezizaliswayo eSpain, eFrance, e-USA. Ibuye ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi iminyuzi (weqa imbongolo ne-mare) ne hinnies (weqa phakathi kwehhashi nembongolo).
Izimbongolo zithembisa kakhulu izilwane emapulazini amancane. Zingavunwa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesithokomele, lapho kuba khona isimo sezulu esomile nesinelanga. Ngisho namagumbi amancane anokukhanya okufiphele namatshe amatshe angalingani kufanelekile ukubamba izimbongolo. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuhlinzeka izilwane ngemfudumalo nangomile. Esimweni sobusika obunzima, izimbongolo zidinga ukuvikelwa emakhazeni, emvuleni nasemoyeni, ngakho-ke esikhathini sezulu esibandayo zidluliselwa ezikhaleni ezivalekile (ezinqwabelweni) ngaphandle kokubhaliwe nophahla oluthembekile. Ukulahlwa kukadoti notshani kuzobavikela ekushiseni ngokweqile, futhi phakathi nobusuku imbongolo ingambozwa ngezinto zokufudumeza (burlap, utshani noma udoti wombala, njll.). Emazingeni okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C izimbongolo zingathathwa uma zihamba amabanga amafushane uma zingakhombisi ukumelana nazo.
Ithangi lamanzi kufanele lihlale ligcwele futhi lihlanzekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi ingavuni - umswakama owedlulele egumbini ungadala ukubola kwezinselo zezimbongolo. Kungcono ukuthi ubhasikidi wokudla ubengekho phansi, kepha usesimweni esimisiwe. Izimbongolo zidinga ukudla okwakha izitshalo ezicebile ku-fiber. Awukwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngokweqile okusanhlamvu nezinhlamvu, uma kungenjalo zisheshe zithole isisindo ngokweqile.
Ukungathobeki kwezilwane ekudleni kanye nasezimweni zokuboshwa kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni phakathi kwehhashi nembongolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbongolo zilukhuni ngokwengeziwe, zisebenza kanzima futhi azihlaselwa izifo. Bayakwazi ukuhambisa imithwalo ebalulekile ebangeni elide ngisho nasekushiseni okukhulu nasendaweni enamadwala engalingani. Izimbongolo zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ziyashesha ukubabona, azikwazi ukujeziswa kanzima, kepha ukuqonda nokukhuthazela kukufanele. Uma isilwane sikhathele, kubalulekile ukusinikeza ukuphumula. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, imbongolo izoqhubeka ngokwayo noma uqede umsebenzi uqalile.
Lapho ukhetha isilwane sokukhulisa nokufuya ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi iyini injongo yalokhu kutholwa. Izimbongolo zisebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha impahla, umsebenzi wasensimini, ukuthola izilwane ezincane, ezokuvakasha, ukuqasha. Enye yezimangaliso zabo: izimbongolo, njengezinja, ziyakwazi ukugada nokuvikela umhlambi ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezincane.
Omunye wemikhiqizo otholwa yizimbongolo ezikhulayo ubisi lukababa. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokubusa kukaCleopatra, lalaziwa njengethuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuhlobisa. Izinganekwane nezinganekwane zigcina ubufakazi bokuthi ubuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa beNdlovukazi yaseGibhithe, futhi uCleopatra wakwazi ukubuyisa ubusha futhi alondoloze ubusha besikhumba sakhe ngosizo lokugeza ubisi lukababa. Lesi siphuzo sokuphulukisa siwusizo kakhulu ezinganeni, kusukela ebuntwaneni, nakubantu abadala. Akungaphansi kokudla okunempilo ebisini lobisi lwenkomo (60 kcal), kuqukethe amavithamini A, B, C, E, yinkimbinkimbi yamafutha acid (omega-3 no-omega-6), izinto ezilwa ne-antibacterial (kufaka phakathi i-lysozyme), amaminerali.
Isazi sefilosofi sasendulo esingumGrikhi nomphilisi uHippocrates basebenzisa ubisi lwembongolo njengekhambi lezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukudakwa kanye nokwelashwa kwesibindi. Namuhla, uhla lokusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zokwelapha zalo mkhiqizo lubanzi kakhulu. Kunconyelwa ubisi olusha lwedayi ngezinqubo zokuvuvukala zepheji lokuphefumula eliphezulu namaphaphu, i-osteoporosis, izinkinga zomgudu wesisu (kufaka nokwelashwa kwezifo zesifo se-peptic ulcer), izifo zomzimba kanye nezifo ze-oncological, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle uma kwenzeka izifo zesikhumba. Empeleni ayinakho ukuphambana, ngaphandle kwamacala wokungakwazi ukubekezelela umkhiqizo ngamunye. Namuhla, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu (ngokwesibonelo, eFrance) izimbongolo zikhuliswa emapulazini akhethekile ezimbongolo ngenhloso yokuthola ubisi olaphilisayo.Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziselwa ukwenza ushizi we-elite omuhle kakhulu.
Inyama yedonki nayo iyabhekwa njengomkhiqizo onempilo futhi odlayo. Iqinile futhi i-sinewy, inambitha njengenyama yamahhashi, kepha imnandi ngokwengeziwe. Iya ekwakheni amasoseji. Isikhumba sezimbongolo sibonisa amandla aphezulu nokuqina. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lalisetshenziselwa ukwenza isikhumba. Namuhla, imikhiqizo yesikhumba evela kwizikhumba zikababa idingeka kakhulu. E-China, i-gelatin ekhishwe ezingubeni zezimbongolo isetshenziswa ku-cosmetology nasemithini yendabuko.
Ngisho nanamuhla, ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology kanye nokuqalwa kwamarobhothi, isithakazelo kulezi zilwanyana ezimangalisayo asincipha. Izimbongolo ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzela umuntu, zimsize ezicini eziningi zempilo yakhe. E-Asia Ephakathi, Kazakhstan, eCaucasus naseTranscaucasia, e-Afrika nase-Australia, izifunda eziseningizimu ye-USA neYurophu, izimbongolo zisafunwa izilwane emnothweni wezwe (ezivinini, ezihlotsheni zikagwayi nakwezitiye, ezivandeni zamawolintshi, njll.) .
Inani lokuzala imbongolo licishe libe ngamakhulu amathathu, kepha iningi lazo alibonakali ngokuhlukile komunye nomunye. Umsebenzi wezizwe owenziwa e-USA ngekhulu le-19 wenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke - izimbongolo ezinkuluifinyelela ekuphakameni emaphepheni (emadodeni) ka-160- 170 cm. Okwesibili, akuzange kube khona uhlobo olusha lwezimbongolo oludumile olwaqalwa eSpain yangenkathi futhi kwaqanjwa ngalo IsiCatalan. Lezi zilwane ngandlela thile ziphansi kunezimbongolo ezinkulukazi ngobukhulu bazo (ukuphakama kwazo kufinyelela ku-140 kuya ku-150 cm), kepha zinedumela ngokuba yizingcweti kakhulu, ngakho-ke abamele lolu hlobo lokuzalwa bavame ukubamba iqhaza emijahweni yezimbongolo. Mhlawumbe uhlobo oludala kunazo zonke lwezimbongolo olufuywe eningizimu yeFrance Poitus. Izimbongolo zikaPoitou zihlukaniswa izinwele ezinde shaggy, zilenga emigqeni, futhi zikhule ikakhulukazi njengezilwane ezihlobisayo. Izimbongolo ezincane kunazo zonke (kufika ku-62 - 90 cm lapho zibuna) zazalwe e-Italy cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule futhi zingamalungu uhlobo olusha lweMedithera. Zisetshenziswa njengezilwane ezikanye naye ezinganeni, asebekhulile noma abakhubazekile.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Izimbongolo zihlobene ne-equine. Okhokho babo bavele ekuqaleni kwePaleogene: bangama-barilambds futhi babukeka kakhulu njengama-dinosaurs kunezimbongolo namahhashi - isilwane esikhuluphele esingaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude, sasinomlenze omfishane omfishane emihlanu, noma kunjalo wawubukeka umucishe ufane neheleza. I-Eogippus yaqhamuka kubo - izilwane ezihlala emahlathini ngosayizi wenja encane, inani lamazwane kuzo linciphe laya kwabane emilenzeni yangaphambili futhi kathathu emilenzeni yangemuva. Bahlala eNyakatho Melika, futhi kwavela i-mesogippus - base benazo izinzwane ezintathu kuyo yonke imilenze. Ngokusho kwezinye izibonakaliso, futhi basondele kancane ku-equine yesimanje.
Ividiyo: Imbongolo
Sonke lesi sikhathi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo bekuhamba kancane, futhi kube noshintsho olubalulekile eMiocene, lapho izimo ziguquka futhi amadlozi we-equine kwadingeka ashintshele ekunikezeleni ukudla okomeni owomile. Ngemuva kwalokho kwaqhamuka i-merigippus - lesi silwane siphakeme kakhulu kunokhokho abaseduze, cishe esingu-100-120 cm.Naso sasineminwe emithathu, kodwa sithembele koyedwa kuphela - kwavela inselo kuyo, namazinyo ayo ashintsha. Kwabe sekuza i-pliogippus - isilwane sokuqala sokwenza lo chungechunge. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zokuphila, ekugcineni basuka emahlathini baya ezindaweni ezivulekile, baba bakhulu, bajwayela ukushesha nokuhamba isikhathi eside.
I-equine yanamuhla yaqala ukuyibuyisela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyi-4,5 edlule. Abameli bokuqala bohlobo babenemichilo futhi benekhanda elifushane, elinjengembongolo. Ubukhulu bawo bufaniswa namawashi. Ukuchazwa kwesayensi kwembongolo kwenziwa nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758, wathola igama elithi Equus asinus. Unezindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi: ISomaliya neNubian - eyokuqala inkulu futhi imnyama. Kukholakala ukuthi izimbongolo ezifuywayo zaqhamuka lapho kuhlangana khona abamele lezi zinhlangano ezingaphansi kwalokhu.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani imbongolo?
Ukwakheka kwembongolo yasendle kufana nehhashi. Ngaphandle kokuthi iphansi kancane - 100-150 cm, inama-vertebrae ama-lumbar ayisihlanu esikhundleni seyisithupha, ikhanda lakhe likhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lakhe liphansi kancane. Ijazi lembongolo livame ukukhanya grey kumnyama ngombala. Kuyaqabukela, kutholakale abantu abanombala omhlophe. Isizalo sikhonkotha kunomzimba, njengoba kunesisu. Esiqongweni somsila kukhona ibhulashi. I-mane imfushane futhi imi iqonde, i-fringe incane, nezindlebe zide. Kukhona imivimbo cishe njalo emilenzeni - ngalesi sisekelo, imbongolo yasendle ingahlukaniswa neyasekhaya; eyokugcina ayenzi.
Amaqhubu ezimbongolo ayaphawuleka: ukubukeka kwawo kuhle ngokuhamba ezindaweni ezinolaka, ngokungafani nalawo anomhlaba ophelele, ngoba asetshenziselwa ukunqamula indawo yezintaba. Kepha ngokugxuma okusheshayo nokude izinselo ezinjalo zimbi kakhulu kunamahhashi, yize izimbongolo zikwazi ukukhula ngesivinini esifanayo ngokufana nezigaba ezimfushane. Imvelaphi evela endaweni eyomile iyazenza izizwe ngisho nasendaweni yezilwane ezifuywayo: isimo sezulu esinomswakama siyingozi ezinsikeni, imifantu ihlala ivela kuzo, futhi ngenxa yokwaziswa kwamagciwane, ukubola kwenzeka futhi izinselo ziqala ukulimala. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ubanakekele njalo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: EGibhithe lasendulo, inani lezimbongolo umuntu alilinganisa ngazo umcebo wakhe. Abanye babenezinhloso eziyinkulungwane! Kwakuyizimbongolo ezinikeze umfutho oqinile wokuhweba ngenxa yekhono lokuhambisa imithwalo esindayo emabangeni amade.
Uhlala kuphi imbongolo?
Isithombe: Imbongolo yasendle
Ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu, esezikhathini zomlando, izimbongolo zasendle zazihlala cishe yonke iNyakatho ne-Afrika kanye ne-Middle East, kepha ngemuva kokubuswa kwazo, uhla lwazo lwaqala ukwehla ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu eziningi: ukuthathwa kwasekhaya okuqhubekayo, ukuxuba kwabantu basendle nezilwane ezifuywayo, ukuphuma kwezindawo zokhokho ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwabo ngabantu.
Ngezikhathi zanamuhla, izimbongolo zasendle zazihlala ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo. Lezi zilwane zivumelaniswe kahle nazo, futhi la mazwe ahlala khona ambalwa, okuvumela izimbongolo ukuba ziphila. Yize ukwehla kwamanani abo nokuncipha kwebanga kuqhubekile, futhi kungazange kuyeke ngisho nangekhulu lama-21, kusenzeka ngokwenzeka kancane kancane kunangaphambili.
Ngo-2019, uhla lwazo luhlanganisa umhlaba otholakala ezindaweni ezinamazwe anjengalawa:
Kufanele kugcizelelwe: izimbongolo azitholakali kuyo yonke insimu yala mazwe, futhi hhayi engxenyeni ebalulekile, kepha zisezindaweni ezikude zendawo encane. Kunobufakazi bokuthi inani labantu abake baba yizimbongolo zaseSomalia, elivele lehlisiwe kakhulu, ekugcineni laqothulwa phakathi nempi yombango kuleli. Abaphenyi abakaqinisekisi ukuthi ngabe kunjalo.
Isimo namanye amazwe asohlwini asisi ngcono kakhulu: kunezimbongolo ezimbalwa kakhulu zasendle kuzo, ukwehlukahluka kofuzo okungeziwe kuyangezelelwa ezinkingeni ezenze ukuthi amanani abo anciphe phambilini. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile kune-Eritrea, esenabantu abaningi bezimbongolo zasendle. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezibikezelo zososayensi, emashumini eminyaka ezayo, uhla lwabo nemvelo yabo kuzoncishiselwa e-Eritrea kuphela.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa kusuka ezimbongolweni zasendle eziqanjiwe: zazikhiqizelwa izilwane futhi ziguqulwe, bese ziphinda zingatholakali futhi zingene endle. Kukhona eziningi zazo emhlabeni: ziyaziwa eYurophu, nase-Asia, naseNyakatho Melika. E-Australia, banda kakhulu, futhi manje bakhona abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-1.5 - kodwa abasazobuyela ezimbongolweni zasendle zangempela.
Manje uyazi ukuthi uhlala kuphi imbongolo yasendle. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe idlani imbongolo?
Isithombe: Imbongolo Yezilwane
Ezondweni, lezi zilwane azithobeki njengakuyo yonke enye into. Imbongolo yasendle idla cishe noma yikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo okungakuthola kuphela endaweni lapho ihlala khona.
Ukudla kufaka:
- utshani,
- amaqabunga shrub
- amagatsha namaqabunga ezihlahla,
- ngisho ne-acacia egxekayo.
Kufanele udle cishe noma ikuphi imifino ongayithola kuphela, ngoba ayinakho ukukhetha. Imvamisa kufanele bayifune isikhathi eside kuleyo ndawo empofu lapho behlala khona: kuba ugwadule nezindawo ezinamadwala owomile, lapho kuvela khona izihlahla ezingatheni ezivulekile njalo ngamakhilomitha ambalwa. Yonke imigwaqo engasolwandle nemifula ihlala abantu, futhi izimbongolo zasendle ziyasaba ukusondela ezindaweni zokuhlala. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele badlule ukudla okuncane ngokudla okuncane kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bangadli isikhathi eside nhlobo - futhi bayakwazi ukukubekezelela ngokuqhubeka.
Imbongolo ikwazi ukulamba izinsuku ezithile futhi ngasikhathi sinye ngeke iphelelwe amandla - ukumelana okufuywayo kuncane, kodwa futhi kuyindalo, ngezindlela eziningi bayaziswa. Bangenza futhi ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside - badinga kuphela ukudakwa njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Ezinye izilwane zasendle e-Afrika, njengama-antelope noma amadube, yize nazo zihlala endaweni eyomile, kufanele zidakwe nsuku zonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimbongolo zingaphuza amanzi abuhlungu avela kumachibi asogwadule - iningi labanye abangathandeki abakwazi lokhu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Isilwane singalahlekelwa ingxenye yesithathu yomswakama waso emzimbeni futhi singabi buthaka. Ngemuva kokuthola umthombo, ngemuva kokuphuza, ngokushesha kunxephezela ukulahlekelwa futhi ngeke kuzwe yimiphi imiphumela emibi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Imbongolo insikazi
Isikhathi sokusebenza sichazwa yimvelo uqobo lwayo - kukhona ukushisa phakathi nosuku, futhi ngenxa yalokho izimbongolo zasendle ziyaphumula, zithola indawo emthunzini futhi, uma kungenzeka, zipholile. Basuka endaweni yokukhosela futhi baqale ukufuna ukudla kusihlwa, benza lokhu ubusuku bonke. Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukudla, bangaqhubeka nokuqala kokuntwela kokusa. Kunoma ikuphi, lokhu akuhlali isikhathi eside: kungekudala kuyashisa, futhi kusamele babheke indawo yokukhosela ukuze bangalahli umswakama omningi ngenxa yelanga elishisayo.
Imbongolo ikwazi ukwenza konke lokhu yodwa nanjengengxenye yomhlambi. Imvamisa, zihamba ubusuku nobusuku ziqonde endaweni efanayo, izimbongolo zasendle zizulazula amabanga amade. Benza lokhu befuna izindawo eziningi zemvelo, kodwa impucuko inciphisa ukuzulazula kwabo: lapho bekhubeka ezindaweni ezenziwe ngabantu, babuyela emazweni abo asendle. Ngasikhathi sinye, zihamba kancane ukuze zingashizi ngokweqile futhi zingasebenzisi amandla amaningi.
Isidingo sokonga amandla sijule kakhulu ezingqondweni zabo kangangokuba ngisho nenzalo yezilwane ezifuywe isikhathi eside ihamba ngendlela yokuzijabulisa efanayo, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukukhuthaza imbongolo ukuthi inyuse ijubane, noma ngabe idla kahle futhi iniselwa ngesimo sezulu esipholile. Zinamehlo amahle nokuzwa, ngaphambilini zazidingeka ngokumelene nezitha: izimbongolo zazibona abazingeli bekude futhi zingabalekela. Kufika nje izikhathi ezingatheni lapho bekhula ngejubane eliphakeme - kufika ku-70 km / h.
Cishe azikho izitha ezikuleveli yazo manje, kepha ziye zahlala ziqaphile kakhulu. Abantu abazihlalela bodwa bahlala endaweni eyodwa: Imbongolo ngayinye ihlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-8-10 futhi ibeka imingcele yayo ngodaka. Kodwa noma ngabe isihlobo sephula le mingcele, umnikazi uvame ukungakhombisi ulaka - kunoma yikuphi, kuze kube yilapho lowo ohlukumezayo enquma ukuganana nowesifazane wakhe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izimbongolo
Izimbongolo zasendle zihlala ndawonye kanye emihlambini yabantu abaningana. Izilwane ezingashadile zivame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Kuhlala kuba nomholi emhlanjini - imbongolo enkulu kunazo zonke, eqinile, esezingeni eliphakathi. Ngaye, imvamisa kunabesifazane abaningi - kungaba khona abambalwa kubo, nezilwane ezincane. Abesifazane bafika eminyakeni emithathu yokuthomba, kuthi abesilisa babe namane. Bangakwazi ukushada nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa kaningi bakwenza entwasahlobo. Ngenkathi yokuzalelana, abesilisa baba nolaka, abantu abangashadile ("ama-bachelor") bangahlasela abaholi bezinkomo ukubabeka esikhundleni - yilapho kuphela lapho bengathandana khona nemihlambi yabesifazane.
Kepha ukulwa akulona olunya kakhulu: enkambweni yabo, abaphikisi bavame ukungazitholi izilonda ezibulalayo, bese amaqabunga elahlekile ephila impilo eyedwa futhi azame inhlanhla yakhe ngokuzayo lapho eba namandla. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, emva kwalokho kuzalwe amawundlu amabili noma amabili. Umama udla izimbongolo ezincane ubisi isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyi-6, bese ziqala ukuzondla zodwa. Umhlambi ungahlala kuze kufike isikhathi sokuthomba, khona-ke owesilisa uwushiya - ukuze abe nowawo noma azulazule wedwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lesi isilwane esinomsindo omkhulu, ukukhala kwaso ngesikhathi sokuzalelana kwezwakala kungamamayela angaphezu kwe-3 km.
Izitha zemvelo zezimbongolo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani imbongolo?
Phambilini, izimbongolo zazizingelwa ngamabhubesi namanye amakati amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, endaweni ahlala kuyo manje, azitholakali izingonyama noma ezinye izinyamazane ezinkulu. Lawa mazwe ampofu kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ahlala endaweni encane yokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sezitha zembongolo kukhona imbalwa kakhulu. Kuyivelakancane, kepha kusenokwenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nezimbongolo zasendle nezilwane ezidla ezinye: bayakwazi ukubona noma ukuzwa isitha sikude impela, futhi zihlala ziqaphile, ngoba kunzima ukubabamba ngokumangala. Lapho ibona ukuthi iyamzingela, imbongolo yasendle iyabaleka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ngisho namabhubesi akuthola kunzima ukuhambisana nayo.
Kepha angeke akwazi ukugcina isivinini esiphezulu isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, uma kungekho zindawo zokukhosela eduzane, kufanele ahlangane ubuso nobuso nomuntu ophikisana naye. Esimweni esinjalo, izimbongolo zilwela ngokudabukelayo futhi ziyakwazi ukudala nomonakalo omkhulu kumhlaseli. Uma umhlaseli ehlose umhlambi wonke, khona-ke kulula kuye ukuthola izingwevu ezincane, kepha izilwane ezindala zivame ukuzama ukuvikela umhlambi wazo. Isitha esikhulu sezimbongolo zasendle umuntu. Kungenxa yabantu ukuthi amanani abo ancishiswe kangaka. Isizathu salokhu bekungagcini nje ngokudlulela ezindaweni ezithulu nezindlebe ezengeziwe, kodwa futhi nokuzingela: inyama yedonki iyadliwa impela, ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bendawo e-Afrika bakubona njengokupholisa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukudana kuthathwa njengokuntuleka kwezimbongolo, kodwa empeleni isizathu sokuziphatha kwabo ukuthi ngisho nabantu abagxiliwe banomqondo wokuzilonda - ngokungafani namahhashi. Ngoba imbongolo ayikwazi ukuqhutshelwa ekufeni, izizwa kahle ukuthi umkhawulo wamandla akhe ukuphi. Ngakho-ke imbongolo ekhathele iyokuma ukuze iphumule, futhi ngeke iphume endaweni yayo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Imbongolo Emnyama
Izinhlobo zezilwane kudala zibonakala eNcwadini ebomvu njengezisondele ekuqothulweni, futhi inani labantu bakhona selokhu linciphile kuphela. Kukhona ukulinganisa okuhlukile: ngokusho kwedatha enethemba, izimbongolo zasendle zingafinyelela ku-500 isiyonke kuzo zonke izindawo lapho zihlala khona. Abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi inani labantu abangama-200 lilungile ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuya kokulinganisa kwesibili, zonke izakhamuzi ngaphandle kwama-Eritrean sezife, futhi lezozimbongolo zasendle, ezingabonakali kakhulu e-Ethiopia, eSudan, njalonjalo, empeleni azona zasendle isikhathi eside, kepha inzalo yazo enziwe ngenhla.
Okokuqala, ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu kubangelwa ukuthi abantu babehlala nazo zonke izindawo eziphambili zokuthambisa namadlelo kulezo zindawo lapho izimbongolo zazihlala khona. Yize imbongolo zishintshwa nezimo ezinzima kakhulu, kunzima kakhulu ukusinda ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo manje, futhi azikwazanga ukondla inani elikhulu lalezi zilwane. Enye inkinga ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane: inani elikhulu lezimbongolo ezi-feral.
Ziphila emaphethelweni ebanga lendawo yasendle yangempela, futhi ezifuyene nazo, ngenxa yalokho izinhlobo zezilwane zonakala - inzalo yazo ngeke isabalwa njengezimbongolo zasendle. Kwenziwe umzamo wokuqhakambisa ugwadule lwase-Israel - kuze kube manje seluphumelele, izilwane sezimpande kuzo. Kunethuba lokuthi inani labantu bazo seliqala ukukhula, ikakhulukazi njengoba le ndima iyingxenye yobubanzi babo bomlando.
Unogada wembongolo
Isithombe: Imbongolo evela eNcwadi Ebomvu
Njengesidalwa esisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu, imbongolo yasendle kufanele ivikelwe ngabaphathi balawo mazwe ahlala kuwo. Kepha wayengahloniphi: emazweni amaningi la awacabangi nokuvikela izinhlobo zezilwane ezingandile.Uhlobo luni lwezindlela zokonga ezingaba khona ezweni elijwayelekile njengeSomalia, lapho iminyaka eminingi umthetho ungazange usetshenziswe nakancane futhi kubusa izinxushunxushu?
Phambilini, iningi labantu lalihlala lapho, kepha lacishe labhujiswa ngokuphelele ngenxa yokungabikho okungenani kwezindlela ezithile zokuvikela. Isimo asihlukile emazweni asondelene: azikho izindawo ezivikelwe ezakhiwe ezindaweni zokuhlala ezimbongolweni, futhi zisengakwazi ukuzingela. Zivikelekile impela kwa-Israyeli kuphela, lapho zazizinze khona endaweni yokubekelwa indawo, nasezindaweni zezilwane. Izimbongolo zasendle zifakwa kuzo ukuze zilondoloze izinhlobo - zizala kahle ekudingisweni.
Iqiniso elihehayo: E-Afrika, lezi zilwane ziyaqeqeshwa futhi zisetshenziselwe ukushushumbisa. Zithwelwe izimpahla futhi zivunyelwe ezindleleni ezingekho emthethweni eziya ezweni elingumakhelwane. Umkhiqizo uqobo awuvinjelwe kangako, kaningi kumane kubiza okungaphezu komakhelwane bawo, futhi kuhanjiswa ngokungemthetho ukugwema imisebenzi lapho unqamula umngcele.
Imbongolo ngokwayo ilandela umgwaqo ojwayelekile futhi ihambise izimpahla lapho kunesidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angaqeqeshwa ngisho nokufihla abaqaphi bemingcele. Uma kwenzeka bembamba, khona-ke akukho abangathatha isilwane - hhayi ukusitshala. Abashushi bazoyilahla, kepha hlala ubanzi.
Izimbongolo - izilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu nezisizayo. Akumangazi ukuthi ngisho nangesikhathi sobudala bokuhamba ngezimoto abantu bayaqhubeka nokubabamba - ikakhulukazi emazweni asezintabeni, lapho kuvame ukuba khona ukushayela imoto, kepha kulula ukugibela imbongolo. Kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu imbongolo zasendle ngokweqiniso kangangokuba ziye zisongelwe nokuqothulwa.
Ulwazi oluvamile
Isikhathi sokufuya izimbongolo ezifuywayo zivame ukwenzeka entwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo, kepha asinaso isikhathi esicacile. Imvamisa umuntu uzalwa, kuyaqabukela kube yizilwane ezimbili. Ukukhulelwa kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile, okuhlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-360 kuya kwezingama-390. I-foal idla ubisi isikhathi esingange izinyanga ezi-6-9, bese iqala ukunambitha utshani ngemuva kwamasonto amabili izelwe.
Ithola ukukhula okugcwele ngeminyaka emibili. Eminyakeni emibili, izimbongolo zijwayela ukusebenza kancane kancane, lapho sezisezimbungwini ezintathu zezimbongolo ezintathu zingahlala zingasebenzi kanzima kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kuqala kwembongolo ngaphansi kwephakethe kungaholela ekubuyeni emuva kwesilwane esincane.
Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka engama-25- 35. Kuqabukela kakhulu abakubeki isikhathi eside abaphila iminyaka yobudala engama-45-47.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuzala, izimbongolo zingaba nobude obungamasentimitha angama-90-163, ukuphakama kwezimbongolo ezigcwele kahle kungahlukahluka ngosayizi wepony kuya ngosayizi wehhashi elihle. Okukhulu kunabo bonke abamele amadwala akwaPoitus (ukuphakama okungu-140-155 cm) kanye namatshe angamaCatalan (ukuphakama 135-163 cm). Isisindo sezilwane zabantu abadala sisukela ku-200 kuye ku-400 kg. Umbala wezimbongolo uncike ekuzaleni.
Imbongolo inamabili ama-chromosome angama-31. I-Pulse - ukushaywa okungu-45-55 ngomzuzu. Izinga lokuphefumula - ukunyakaza kokuphefumula okungu-10-15 ngomzuzu. Ukushisa komzimba - 37.5-38.5 ° С. Izimbongolo zinama-vertebrae amahlanu kuphela (ihhashi linezithupha).
Imbongolo inomsila onesiga ekugcineni, njengenkomo.
Imbongolo yehlukile ezihlotsheni zayo ezinkulu ngoba ibekezelela ukungabikhona kokuphakelwa namanzi kalula. Udla utshani obuluhlaza nobunotshani. Lezi zilwane azibekezeleli ukumanzana futhi ebusika zidinga amakamelo owomile.
Imbongolo, indawo yayo nezici
Imbongolo isilwane esincane . Kungokwalolo hlobo lwamahhashi. Kepha umehluko kubo - le yinhloko yakhe enkulu nezindlebe ezinde.
Izimbongolo zingahluka ngombala: grey, brown, mnyama, mhlophe. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyishumi zezimbongolo ezifuywayo ezifuywe ngokuzalwa nezinye izilwane ezifanayo.
Izinhlobo zezimbongolo noma izimbongolo:
Imbongolo imbongolo . Uvele kudala esengumsizi futhi esetshenziselwa umsebenzi kwezolimo.
Izazi eziningi zithi izimbongolo noma izimbongolo kwavela kudala kunamahhashi asekhaya. Zaqala ukusetshenziswa eGibhithe nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika.
Izimbongolo zasendle zinokubukeka okuhle futhi zihlala emihlambi yezinkomo. Umhlambi ngamunye unezinhloso ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane.Izimbongolo zihlala emazweni omile, njengoba izinselo zazo zijwayela isimo sezulu esinjalo nemigwaqo eyomile. Umhlaba omanzi futhi ongcolile ubekelwe wona, ngoba izinselo zawo ziqala ukuqhekeka futhi ukuvuvukala kwenzeka.
Ukudla Okondlekayo nethemba Lokuphila
Imbongolo idinga ukunakekelwa okufanayo nehhashi . Kepha udla okungaphansi kwehhashi, futhi akafuneki kangako ekuhlanzekeni. Ingadliwa ngotshani, utshani, ibhali, okusanhlamvu, oats ngisho namakhakhasi. Okusho ukuthi, okuqukethwe kwayo akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwemali eningi.
Izimbongolo ezihlala endle zidla uhlaza: utshani, amaqabunga. Njengoba behlala emazweni anezulu ezomile, angenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside.
Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, izimbongolo ziqala isikhathi sokuzala. Imbongolo izala eyodwa kuphela iyondle ngobisi lwayo izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukuzala kwethanga kuthatha izinyanga eziyishumi nambili kuye kwezilishumi nane. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, umntwana angavele asukume ame ngezinyawo zayo ezibuthakathaka nezithambile. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nambili, iyazimela.
Zingaphi izimbongolo? Isikhathi sokuphila kwezimbongolo ezifuywayo asidluli iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu, futhi lokhu ngisho nokunakekelwa kahle. Izimbongolo zasendle ziphila okuncane. Iminyaka yokuphila kwabo isukela eminyakeni eyishumi kuye kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu.
Okwamanje, zimbalwa kakhulu izimbongolo zasendle ezisele. Kulokhu, zabhalwa eNcwadini ebomvu. Futhi ukwandisa isibalo sezimbongolo, aqala ukuzalanisa emalokishini akhethekile nasekhaya.
Ngakho-ke sithole ukuthi imbongolo ihluke kanjani kubabhemi. Futhi bakuthola lokho Imbongolo yedonki ayihlukile ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala. Imbongolo ihlala endle enesimo sezulu esomile. Futhi imbongolo iyimbongolo efanayo, kodwa efuywayo, ehlala eduze kwabantu futhi ibasize kwezolimo. Futhi ukulethwa kuthola ukondleka nokunakekelwa.
Akuwona wonke umuntu ongasho ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kwembongolo. Futhi noma ubuza umbuzo onjalo, kuzothatha isikhathi somuntu, kepha bambalwa kuphela abanganikeza impendulo ekhonkolo kuwo. Mhlawumbe kulokhu sikhuluma ngesilwane esifanayo, sinamagama amabili nje.
Lo mbuzo uphinde ungivumele ukuthi ngimangale ukuthi ulimi lwesiRussia lucebe kangakanani. Inamagama nemisho ehlukahlukene engenakubalwa engasetshenziswa ukuveza umcabango ofanayo. Kepha noma kunjalo kunezimo lapho kungalungile futhi kungalungile nokusebenzisa amagama angaguqukayo . Ngoba uma kungenjalo lokho okushiwo kuzoshintsha ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokuthile, udinga ukwazi ukuthi kukuphi lapho kufanelekile ukukwenza. Ngokwabaningi, imbongolo nembongolo yinye futhi isilwane esifanayo. Kepha ingabe lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso?
Malini imbongolo?
Uma, ngemuva kokufunda lombhalo, unesifiso sokuba nembongolo noma imbongolo - manje uyazi ukuthi lesi isilwane esifanayo - umbuzo wokuqala ongakuthakazelisa ngumbuzo wentengo. Akunakuphendulwa ngokungathandeki, ngoba intengo ngqo incike esifundeni. Kepha, ngokwesilinganiso, intengo yembongolo isukela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu.
Ukulayishwa
Ukudonswa kwembongolo kwenzeka phambilini kunalokho okwenzeka ehhashini. Izimbongolo kwakuyizilwane zokuqala umuntu wasendulo ayesebenzisa ukuthutha izimpahla. Kakade emhlabeni ngekhulu le-XL BC. e. eNayile Delta, izimbongolo ezifuywayo zaseNubian zagcinwa. EMesopotamia, izimbongolo zasendle azizange zivuthwe kamuva. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izimbongolo zazifika eYurophu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimbongolo zemvelaphi yase-Asiya zazivela kuma-Etruscans. Izimbongolo zafika eGreece cishe ngo-1000 BC. e.
Izimbongolo ekuqaleni zazisetshenziselwa ukugibela amahhashi nokudotshwa kwamahhashi, kepha lapho kufika amahhashi ashesha nangamandla athathelwa indawo ngawo. Kusukela lapho, ukukhuluma ngezimbongolo kumasiko asendulo sekucishe kwaphela. Ukusetshenziswa kwembongolo bekukhawulelwe ukulayisha imithwalo.Kulokhu, imbongolo inethuba ngaphezulu kwehhashi, ngoba ilukhuni ngokweqile futhi ingakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla isikhathi eside. Isisindo samaphakethe singafinyelela ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zesisindo bukhoma sesilwane, futhi ezimeni ezihlukile singasidlula. Ngenqubo efanele yansuku zonke, imbongolo ingasebenza amahora angama-8-10 ikhefu elilodwa lokondla.
Izimbongolo kwesinye isikhathi zazisetshenziselwa ukuthola inyama, ubisi nesikhumba. Isikhumba sobabhemi ngeNkathi Ephakathi sasibhekwa njengekulungele kakhulu ukwenziwa kwesikhumba nezigubhu. Ngasenyakatho nezimbongolo ze-Alps kwaqala ukutholakala kuphela kusukela ngesikhathi samaRoma.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwembongolo?
Eqinisweni, lesi silwane singachazwa njengento encane, grey futhi nenenkani kakhulu. Kepha impendulo enjalo embuzweni ebuziwe inganikezwa kuphela ngabantu abangebona ongoti. Futhi ngenxa yalokho isitatimende ngeke sibe iqiniso. Eqinisweni, izimbongolo zinezinzuzo eziningi. Lezi zilwane zinezimpawu ezifana:
- ukungathobeki kokuhamba,
- ukukhetha ukudla,
- amandla amakhulu
- umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala.
Kunezimpawu eziningi ezingasetshenziswa ekuphetheni ukuthi yilesi silwane esikufanelekela kangcono ukusetshenziswa kwabantu epulazini kunehhashi. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwembongolo? Uma ubheka lolu daba, khona-ke akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, sikhuluma ngefomu elifanayo. Bahluka ngegama labo kuphela, elinquma indawo yokuhlala yabo.
Izinzuzo zembongolo enenkani
Uma ubheka izithombe zalezi zilwane, kuzocaca ngokushesha ukuthi akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo. Kepha ngokuqinisekile bambalwa abayokwenqaba ukufunda ngamathuba abo. Zombili lezi zilwane zinomqondo omuhle kakhulu wokuzivikela. Wonke umuntu uyakwazi lokho ihhashi lizofa kalula uma ulishayela. Kepha ukwenza lokhu nembongolo ngeke kusebenze. Uzozifunela ukuphumula, futhi uma engakutholi, ngeke aqale ukuhamba. Kukulesi sici lapho inkolelo ebanzi yokuthi lezi zilwane zinenkani kakhulu ixhumekile.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngesilwane esincane esimpunga
- Imbongolo nehhashi kuyizihlobo eziseduze.
- Emvelweni yemvelo bahlala ngendlela yezinkomo, inani lazo lingaba ngabantu abayi-1000.
- Ezikhathini zasendulo, imbongolo yayihlonishwa ikakhulukazi ama-Indo-Europeans, ayiphakamisela ezingeni lesilwane esingcwele.
- Izimbongolo zingamakhulu eminyaka, ngokwesilinganiso ziphila iminyaka engama-30. Kodwa-ke, bukhona ubufakazi obuvela emlandweni bokuthi abanye abamele le nhlobo basinda bafinyelela eminyakeni engama-60.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwembongolo nembongolo nomnyuzi?
Kubhekwa njengomnyuzi i-hybrid efuthwe ngokuwela imbongolo yeduna nehhashi lowesifazane. ngalokho uyakwazi ukubona izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye wabazali. Ubukeka njengobaba onezindlebe ezinde nokubhonga okude okufanayo. Zonke ezinye izici azizuza njengefa kunina. Njengoba kunikezwe ukubekezelela okuhle kwalesi silwane, sisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yezomnotho.
Izinhlobo zezimbongolo
Izinhlobo zezimbongolo zaseFrance ezidumile kakhulu yiPyrenees, Cotentin, Poitou, Provencal, Spanish - imbongolo yaseCatalan, i-Central Asia - Bukhara kanye neMerv (Mary). Kwesinye isikhathi kubahlukaniswa nge-convex nephrofayili eqondile (ngokwesibonelo, ngu-A. Dobrokhotov). Izimbongolo zaseFrance zivame ukwenza imibukiso yezolimo.
EbuKristwini
Embongolweni osemusha, uKristu, njengeNkosi yomhlaba, wangena eJerusalema ngePalm ngeSonto ngokufa kwesiphambano, njengoba kubhaliwe eVangelini, egcwalisa isiprofetho sikaZakariya: “Jabula ngentokozo, ndodakazi yaseSiyoni, unqobile, ndodakazi yaseJerusalema: bheka inkosi yakho iza kuwe. Olungileyo Nosindisayo, uMeek, ehleli ezimbongolweni kanye nembongolweni, indodana yomuntu onqobayo ”(Zakariya 9: 9). Iholide leshumi nambili lePalm linikezelwe kulo mcimbi.
Ku-islam
I-Allegorical Incazelo imbongolo, egcwele izincwadi, ivela kumbhalo weKoran (62: 5):
Isibonelo salabo abaphathiswe (ukulandela) iTorah, futhi ngemuva kwalokho abangazange banamathela kuyo, bayisibonelo imbongolo (Isi-Arabhu: الْحence, i-al-himari), ophethe (izincwadi ezinkulu) izincwadi. Maye kangakanani ukuqhathaniswa nabantu (abacabanga) izibonakaliso zikaNkulunkulu ezingamanga! UNkulunkulu akaholeli (ngendlela eqondile) abantu abangalungile. (I-Koran 62: 5)
Kamuva, isingathekiso sasetshenziswa ngumlobi waseFrance nesazi sefilosofi saseRenaissance, uMichel de Montaigne:
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugxilisa ukunambitheka nothando ngesayensi, ngaphandle kwalokho sizomane sifundise izimbongolo ezithwele ukuhlakanipha kwencwadi.
Ngokuya kweSunday, ukudla inyama yedonki kwenqatshelwe. UJabir uthe: "Ngosuku lukaKhaibar, uMthunywa kaAllah wakwenqabela ukudla inyama yezimbongolo futhi wamvumela ukuthi adle amahhashi." Ngokuqondene nezimbongolo zasendle, okungukuthi, ziyavunyelwa, njengoba kutshelwa u-Abu Qatad, owake wabuza uMthunywa we-Allah ukuthi: “O Messenger of Allah, sizingele imbongolo yasendle futhi sisenayo inyama yayo,” waphendula wathi: “ Yidla futhi okusele. ”
Imvelaphi nezimpawu
Isilwane esincane, esimpunga, esinenkani nesilimazayo - isithombe esinjalo sedonki sivele phakathi kwabantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lokungathandeki olwehlukile luhluke kakhulu kwangempela. Izimbongolo ziyizilwane, ukuba nezinzuzo eziningi, iningi lawo eladlula kubo livela kokhokho basendle.
Izinzuzo zezimbongolo emnothweni:
- ukuzithoba
- omnivorous
- akukho kwakhiwa okudingekayo
- amandla ahlukile
- umthamo omkhulu.
Ngezindlela eziningi, lezi zilwane zinenzuzo kakhulu kunamahhashi, kepha azithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banezinhle kakhulu Isilondolozi sokuzivikela sithuthukisiwe, futhi umuntu isikhathi eside akakwazanga ukukunciphisa. Ihhashi, njengoba uyazi, lingaqhutshwa kangangokuba liwele lifile. Ubabhemile, izinto ezinjalo ngeke zisebenze, ngeke aqhume aze aphumule alinde umniniyo ngesineke ukuba anciphise umthwalo wakhe, uma umthwalo umkhulu kakhulu kuye.
U-Ishaki wayephakathi kwezilwane zasendle zokuqala akwazi “ukunqoba” umuntu futhi wazisebenzisela izinhloso zakhe. Izimbongolo zanamuhla zivela kulabo abaseNubia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Kuthiwa eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-5000 edlule, abakhileyo eGibhithe babevele bethwele imindeni yabo ngosizo imbongolo.
Namuhla, abalimi abaningi bazalanisa izimbongolo futhi zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni komnotho, kanye nesiko lesintu.
Izimbongolo azizuzi kuphela endlini, kodwa futhi njengezokuthutha, ukuthutha umuntu nezinto zakhe, imikhiqizo nokunye. Amazwe aphesheya kweCentral America neMexico asebenzisa lokhu ngokuzithandela, kanye nalawo aseRussia - intaba iCaucasus nezindawo ezahlukahlukene eCentral Asia.
Ukubhaliswa kwembongolo
Yize imbongolo iyisilwane esifuywe ekhaya, kukhona eyodwa subspecies ehlobene engafuni ukukhonza umuntu nganoma iyiphi indlela. it izimbongolo zase-asian noma ama-kulans. Bazama ukubenza amathawula izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, kepha noma ngabe bakwenzelwa ini lokhu, kuze kube manje, akekho noyedwa okwazile ukwenza lokhu.
ESomalia nasezingxenyeni ezihlukene ze-Afrika, bayazala Izimbongolo zaseSomaliaabanamahloni kakhulu futhi bazama ukuhlala kwizilwane ezinhlanu, noma ngisho nezilwane ezingamashumi amabili ngasikhathi sinye. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko utshani obomile nezihlahlana ezikhula ogwadule.
Kubantu bendawo, lezi zilwane zasendle zinhle umthombo wenyama nesikhumba, athengiswa ikakhulukazi, okwamanje okwamanje lolu hlobo lwenyama seluphelelwe. Kukhona futhi abambalwa kakhulu abamele izinhlobo zezimbongolo zasendle e-Asia, futhi zisondele ekuqothulweni.
Imbongolo yaseSyria, muva nje ehlala eSyria nasezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-Middle East, ngokusho kwedatha eseyivele ibhekwa njengohlobo oluphelile. Bambalwa abantu abazi ngezimfanelo zalo ezinhle, ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokuzalaniswa, ukuba khona kwabo kungavumela abalimi abaningi ukuthi bazibandakanye ekwandeni kweningi kwalezinhlobo ezithile.
Kwakunenkinga eyodwa kuphela - ukuthola ukuthi zingakanani lezi zinhlobo ezifuywayo ezifuywayo nokuthi zingenzeka yini ngokomthetho. Wayekhona izilwane eziqine kakhulu futhi wazizwa emnandi ehlane, njengoba ayengaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside.
Lapho izimbongolo zasendle zithola inzalo, zahlangana zaba yimihlambi emikhulu ukuvikela amazinyane, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zahlakazeka zaba zincane. Ngakho-ke, lezi zilwane zaba khona isikhathi eside.
Njengamanje, maqondana nemisebenzi yabantu, izimbongolo zasendle ziya ngokuya zincipha, futhi eziningi zazo zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu. Ukuze kube khona kwalezinhlobo zilwa ngenkuthalo futhi zizama ukwandisa inani lenzala nokusinda kwayo.
Ubani imbongolo, imbongolo, umnyuzi: ukuqhathanisa, ukuchaza
Ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kwezilwane, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngayinye yazo ngokuningiliziwe.
Imvukuzane imele izilwane ezincelisayo ezenzeka ngokunqamula imbo nembongolo. Lesi silwane sinokuhlukahluka okulandelayo:
- Ngokwesayizi yomzimba, ubukeka njengehhashi
- Ikhanda lesilwane lifana nembongolo
- Izinduna ziyahlukahluka ngamandla nokukhuthazela
- Izilwane zingabamba iqhaza emijahweni
- Abesilisa abakwazi ukuzala
- Isikhathi esiphakeme kakhulu seminyuzi sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-40
- Kulula ukuzalaniswa ezimweni zasepulazini, ngoba izilwane zidla izinhlobo eziningi zokuphakelwa futhi zinokuzivikela komzimba.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeminyuzi:
Zinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhula komnyuzi okusalungiswa akudluli ku-140 cm, kanti ama-pack mules afinyelela ku-160 cm
- Uhlobo lokuqala lunesisindo esingama-400-600 kg, futhi lupakisha kuphela ama-300-400 kg
- Amandla okudonsela phansi njengephesenti lesisindo somzimba esiphelele - 18-20%
- Izilwane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-4 zivunyelwe ukusebenza ngesisindo esindayo
- Bonke abantu besilisa badinga ukungathathi hlangothi, ngoba lapho besebenza bayazala
Kuyisiko ukwenza i-mulching ezifundeni ezilandelayo:
- Amazwe aseBalkan
- Enyakatho naseNingizimu Melika
- I-Afrika
- Amazwe ase-Middle East
Imbongolo - omele isigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, ezingokwaluphi uhlobo "Amahhashi". Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zalesi silwane:
Bonke abamele babonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:
- Izimbongolo zingaphila kusuka eminyakeni engama-25 kuye kwengama-35
- Amanani okukhula ayahlukahluka ngokuzalaniswa (90 to 160 cm)
- Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izilwane ngokugcwele emandleni azo lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu.
- Izimbongolo ziqeqeshelwe ukusebenza kusukela eminyakeni emi-2
- Izilwane kumele zikhuliswe ngokunakekelwa, ngoba azikwazi ukubekezelela amazinga aphansi okushisa nokushisa.
- Kusetshenziswa kuphela utshani nezihlahlana njengokudla.
- Umbala wejazi uncike ekuzalweni kwesilwane.
- Abesilisa bangaba nezingane
Mayelana nezimbongolo, kungakuhle ukuthi ekuqaleni babebiza izimbongolo zasendle ezazithathwa ngumuntu lapho kwenzeka khona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lezi zilwane zivela e-Afrika, ngoba imizamo efanayo esetshenziswe maqondana nabamele ama-steppes ase-Asia (ama-kulans) ayiphumelelanga. Kodwa-ke, ngokuzayo, igama elithi "imbongolo" laqala ukusetshenziswa ukubhekisela kwabesifazane bezimbongolo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi bakulungele ukukhulelwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 kusukela bezelwe futhi bangakhiqizi amawundlu.
Ngakho-ke, singafinyelela eziphethweni ezilandelayo:
- Imbongolo nembongolo kungabamele isigaba nesilwane esifanayo.
- Umnyuzi utholwe ngokuwela ihhashi lowesifazane nembongolo yeduna
- Izimbongolo zasendle futhi ziyafuya
- Iminyuzi yabesilisa ayikwazi ukuzala
Izincwadi
- UFreidenberg O. M. Ukungena eJerusalema embongolweni (Kusuka ezinganekwaneni ze-evangeli) // Freidenberg O. M. Myth nezincwadi zasendulo. M., 1998, k. 623-665
- Bopha ezinganekwaneni nasezincwadini
- I-Dobrokhotov A.F. Izilwane ezizimele. L., 1935.
- Izisetshenziswa zofuzo zezilwane zasemapulazini eRussia nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane. I-SPb. 1994.
- Izimbongolo // Izwe Lezilwane.
Ngabe ubukeka kanjani imbongolo, imbongolo, umnyuzi: isithombe
Imbongolo ihluke kakhulu kumnyuzi ngokubukeka. Ukuze umehlukanise laba abamele, kubalulekile ukubheka izici ezishiwo kakhulu ngamunye wabo.Isibonelo, umnyuzi uboniswa ngu:
- Ubukhulu nomumo womzimba kufana nehhashi
- Izwi lomnyuzi lifana nezwi lehhashi
- Ukuma kwezinselo, okhalweni nasekhanda kuyafana nokwakhe imbongolo
- Umbala ufana nombala wejazi lamahhashi
- Iminyuzi ine-vertebrae engu-6
- Izilwane zisinda futhi zingafinyelela ku-160 cm ukuphakama.
- Izilwane zizodla ifa le-mane, ukwakheka kwentamo, umsila kanye nama-bangs kusuka kumama (mare)
Kwezimbongolo nezimbongolo, izici ezilandelayo zimpawu:
- Inani lama-vertebrae we-lumbar - 5
- Izilwane zinesisindo esincane.
- Izinhlobo ngazinye zimfushane kunezimbumbulu
- Umbala woboya ungahluka, kuya ngohlobo lwabo
- Kukhona njalo ibhulashi ekugcineni komsila
- Imbongolo inezinwele ezinde kunezimbongolo
Ubani onobuqili, obukhali: imbongolo noma imbongolo?
Futhi ezimbongolweni, nakwezimbongolo kukhona okuphawulayo:
- Isiqubu
- Ukuhamba kancane
- Umsindo ophansi
- Ijubane eliphansi
- Ukuphola
- Ukubekezela
- Pick ekudleni kanye nemibandela
Imvamisa, lesi silwane singama maphakathi nesizathu ngaphandle kwesizathu. Esimweni esinjalo, umnikazi cishe akakwazi ukuphoqa imbongolo noma imbongolo ukuba iqhubeke nokuhamba. Kepha, naphezu kwaleli qiniso, bayakwazi ukunqoba imizila emide futhi basize ukuthutha imithwalo enobukhulu obuphakeme.
Vele usho amagama ambalwa ngeminyuzi. Njengoba imvukuzane inezinhlobo zamahhashi nezimbongolo, ingazuza ifa lezici ezithile zobuntu.
Njengomthetho, abamele lezi zilwane baboniswa ngu:
- Ukukhononda
- Ukuqapha
- Izinga eliphakeme lokusebenza
- Kumemeza
- Isikhathi
- Ijubane eliphakeme
Ubuvila nokuba nenkani kungahle kube yisiko, kepha kuphela esimweni sokuziphatha komphathi onolaka. Futhi, iminyuzi ayibandakanyeki njalo kwezemidlalo, ngakho-ke ingaqeqeshwa kusukela isencane, kodwa kubalulekile ukungakhombisi ulaka.
Phendula ngokungenamqondo lo mbuzo: "Ngubani onobuhlakani kunembongolokazi, imbongolo noma umnyuzi?" - akunakwenzeka. Bonke abamele lezi zilwane banezinto zokuziphatha ezinhle nezingalungile. Kepha izimbongolo nezimbongolo ngokulinganayo zinenkani. Yize abantu besifazane bevame ukuzitika futhi bethonywe yinkosi yabo.
Ubani igama imbongolo yobulili besifazane?
Kunemibono eminingana yezilwane zesifazane zaleli qembu:
- Ngokubizwa nge-classical, insikazi yedonki yabizwa imbongolo. Kepha ngekhulu le-XVI endaweni yaseRussia yanamuhla yaqala ukusebenzisa igama lesiTurkic elithi "imbongolo" ukubhekisela ezilwaneni zesifazane zalolu hlobo
- Igama elithi “imbongolo” phambilini lalisetshenziswa kuphela maqondana nazo zonke izimbongolo zase-Afrika ezazithathwa ngumuntu
- Umnyuzi wesifazane ubizwa ngokuthi “umnyuzi”
Ngakho-ke, sithole okulandelayo:
- Imbongolo nembongolo bangabameli bezinhlobo zezilwane ezifanayo.
- UMule - isiphambano phakathi kwe-mare nembongolo
- Zonke izilwane zinezimpawu ezimbalwa ezinhle nezingalungile.
- Iminyuzi iphila isikhathi eside
- Izimbongolo nezimbongolo kunenkani eyengeziwe
- Imvukuzane iyaqeqeshwa futhi inesikhathi eside sokuphila
- Izimbongolo nezimbongolo maningi amathuba okuba zihambe kancane
Ividiyo: Izilwane ezi-Hybrid
Kaningi sibiza izinto ezifanayo ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, sibonisa ulwazimagama nolwazi lwethu endaweni ethile. Kepha lokhu kufanele ukwenze kuphela uma uqiniseka ukuthi amagama ayaguquguquka ngempela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungangena enkingeni. Isibonelo, Thatha igama elithi imbongolo, elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa enyamazaneni elinganayo yomndeni wembongolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezincwadini, umuntu angathola okunye ukubizwa kwalesi silwane - imbongolo. Kungenzeka yini ukubiza imbongolo, noma ngabe le miqondo iyafana, sizozama ukuyithola.
Ungasinakekela kanjani isilwane?
Cabanga ngamaphuzu ayinhloko futhi izeluleko zokunakekela imbongolo :
- Imbongolo idla ngamanani amancane wesilwane. Isidingo sansuku zonke singamakhilogremu 1 okusanhlamvu ngosuku. Bangakwazi nokudla izaqathe kanye beet. Akufanele bondliwe kathathu ngosuku,
- Bangadla futhi baphile kunoma yiziphi izimo ngaphandle kokudinga induduzo ethile,
- Izinsuku ezimbalwa isilwane singaba khona ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla nhlobo.
Lo muntu akathobeki futhi akadingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Ngakho-ke, ubuntu abunabo nobunzima bokuzala isilwane. Namanje ubizwa bobabili imbongolo nembongolo . Yini umehluko phakathi kwale migomo engakatholakali.
Ngubani lo
Izimbongolo ezifuywayo noma izimbongolo ziyimidlwane yezimbongolo zasendle ezazifakwa ngabantu eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule futhi zazisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwezolimo nasekhaya. Kukholakala ukuthi lezi zilwane zazithintiwe kancane ngaphambi kwamahhashi, kodwa-ke, ngokuphathwa kwamahhashi, ukuthandwa kwezimbongolo kwehle kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa ubisi oluncane, behlukahluka kumthethosisekelo omncane namandla amancane.
Izwe lakulezi zilwane lithathwa njengasenyakatho ne-Afrika kanye nezindawo ezithile zaseMesophothamiya - kwakulezi zindawo lapho okhokho bazo zonke izinhlobo zezimbongolo ezaziwa ukuza kuthi ga manje baqala ukuzala. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ngenkathi yezikhathi zakudala, zasakazekela kulo lonke elase-Easia, zabe sezisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo emapulazini ase-US. Okwamanje, isibalo sezimbongolo ezifuywayo asisikhulu kangako, ikakhulukazi sikhuluma ngokuzalela abantu emapulazini okufuya imincintiswano nokuzijabulisa.
Izimbongolo kukholakala ukuthi zizinza ngokwengeziwe ukwedlula amahhashi ajwayelekile.: bayakwazi ukubekezelela isisindo esithe xaxa, futhi futhi bazivumelanisa kangcono nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo nomhlabathi onamadwala. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni izimbongolo zibe isilwane esidumile ezifundeni ezomile ezinendawo enezintaba nezingalingani nenani elincane lokuhlaza okuluhlaza okotshani. Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa ubisi nenyama, ezinye izinto zezingubo namathuluzi okusebenza zenziwa kusukela esikhunjeni salezi zilwane ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi uvolo lwezinhlobo ezithile lwalusetshenziselwa ukwenza izindwangu ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Ekhuluma ngamaqiniso awomile, imbongolo ingenye yezinto ezihlangene emndenini we-equine. Isici esijwayelekile: sinomsila omude futhi oqinile onesipikili ngendlela yokuxubha, izindlebe ezinkulu nezinde eziqonde, ubuso obukhulu behhashi nemilenze eqinile, kepha hhayi imilenze. Isisindo somuntu omdala esivamile siyehluka kufinyelela kuma-300 kg (emadodeni), ukuphakama okujwayelekile - kuze kufike amasentimitha ayi-165 kubantu ngabanye. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-35, ezimweni ezingandile sifinyelela ku-45.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Abanikazi bamapulazi abaningi, lapho bekhuluma ngokuphila okuphakathi kwezimbongolo ezifuywayo, babheka inani lepharamitha elifanayo lamahhashi asekhaya nasendle, okungeyona indlela efanele. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo izimbongolo zokuqala zaseNubian kubhekwa njengeNayile River Delta (i-Afrika). Isimo sezulu esishisayo, esibomvu-esishisayo nesincane kumswakama, ukudla nemifino emisha senza lezi zilwane zazivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima kakhulu zemvelo. Lokhu akuboniswanga kuphela empilweni yezilwane, kepha futhi nakubude bokuphila konke.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izimbongolo ziphila iminyaka engaphansi kuka-15-25 ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla nokuhlaselwa ngabazingeli. Lezi zilwane ziyaziwa ngengqondo yazo ebukhali, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yezingalo ezingakhiqizwanga ukugijima, azivumelaniswa nezinyathelo ezisheshayo nezisheshayo.
Ngemuva kwenqubo yokubekwa ezindlini ezandleni zabantu abanakekelayo, abanye abantu bakwazi ukusinda kuze kube yiminyaka engama-45- 47.Ubunzima ekutadisheni ubude bokuphila kwalezi zilwane kulele ekutheni iningi labantu namuhla likhulelwe ukukhiqizwa ubisi noma nje inyama. Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kwesilwane kuncipha ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engama-20, kanti izilwane ezincane zidume inyama ebabayo kakhulu futhi emnandi kakhulu. Abantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25 bavame ukusetshenziswa njengabasizi endlini, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwesilinganiso sokuphila kwalezi zilwane kungalungile ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kokufuthwa kwamahhashi, inzalo ezimbongolweni yehla kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka nezinqubo zokuzalela izinhlobo ezintsha zalesi silwane. Okwamanje, azikho ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingama-300 izinhlobo ezaziwayo emhlabeni wonke, okungenzeka ukuthi azizinhlobo ezizimele, kepha umphumela wokunqamula ngokuzalanisa kohlobo oluthile oluhlanzekile nabantu bomnotho wasekhaya. Ngenxa yokuzalanisa okungahleliwe, izinhlobo eziningi zezimbongolo ziyafana kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukubala ngokunembile izinhlobo ngazinye. Abanikazi bamapulazi abanokuhlonza bakhomba izinhlobo ezimbalwa zembongolo eyodwa, ungazithola ngezansi.
Mammoth Donkey noma Poitou
Kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezingandile futhi ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Inombala wezinwele omnyama obonakalayo onezinwele ezinde ezinsundu noma ophuzi kuze kube amasentimitha angama-50 ubude. Namuhla, inani lalaba bantu abazalaniswa lisatshalaliswa kabi kakhulu, abantu abathile ngezikhathi ezithile bangatholakala kwezolimo zaseFrance. Izwe lakule zinhlobo alikasungulwa. Abanye abazalanisi bakholelwa ukuthi abantu bokuqala bale nhlobo balethwa emazweni aseFrance kusukela eMbusweni WaseRoma eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule.
Lapho, lezi zimbongolo zazisetshenziselwa kuphela njengezilwane zokupakisha futhi zikhonze ukuthutha imithwalo emincane noma ukuhamba ngokushesha kwezintaba.
Ukuzalela kungenye yezindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke kuzo zonke izimbongolo ezifuywayo., ihlukaniswa ngumthethosisekelo omkhulu olinganiselayo, izinyawo ezinamandla, nokukhula okukhulu kakhulu - kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1,6 lapho ibuna (okuyisisekelo esasilingana nokuphakama okujwayelekile kwehhashi elijwayelekile). Ngenxa yokukhethwa kanye nokuntuleka kokuzalelwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-purebred, lo mzala wabhekana nezinguquko zawo: ukukhula okuyisilinganiso kwehlela kumamitha ayi-1,5 emadodeni kanye namamitha ayi-1,4 ezimbongolweni, isisindo esimaphakathi sehlile, esithinta ukuthengiswa kwenyama yembongolo.
Abanye abantu bumbongolo omkhulu kakhulu oboniswa uhembe olumnyama noma olugqoke u-chocolate. Lapho uboya buvele busetshenziswa njengezinto zokuthunga amakhaphethi nezingubo, noma kunjalo, ngokuzayo, izinwele zezinwele zacishwa ngenxa yephunga elithile loboya. Ukuba khona kwembongolokazi enkulu epulazini (enoboya obude futhi obukhishwe njengayobukeka njengamachashazi) sekuthathe isikhathi eside kuthathwa njengophawu lwangempela lwenhlala-kahle nokuchuma komnikazi wayo, izimbongolo ezinjalo zazibiza kakhulu futhi zazikhuliswa kuphela ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa. Kamuva, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII, kwakuyisiko ukusika ngokuphelele izimbongolo ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokutheleleka kwezifo zesikhumba ngenxa yolayini bezinwele.
Ukuqina kokuzalela kunganqunywa ngokuba khona kohlobo lokukhanya kwezindawo ezikhanyayo noma ezinezithinta eduze kwamehlo, ekhaleni, futhi nasesifubeni noma esiswini. Akufanele uzame ukuthola umuntu ngobuningi noma ubude bezinwele zezinwele - akuxhomeki kwamehlo. Bonke abantu abanezimbongolo ezinkulukazi ngezinhlobo ezithile bazoba nezinwele ezinde nezinene.
Lezi zimbongolo zathola igama lazo elingafanele igama elithi “Poitou” zivela edolobheni elincane laseFrance lasePoitiers entshonalanga neFrance. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XX, akusekho abantu abangaphezulu kwama-45 abamsulwa ngokuphelele emhlabeni wonke, lapho kuqala ikhulu le-XXI inani labantu lakhula kancane ngenxa yemizamo yabafuyi bezitshalo. Namuhla, abekho abantu abangaphezulu kwama-450 balolu hlobo lokuzalwa olutholakala emhlabeni wonke, kuyilapho kuphela ingxenye encane yabo izolungiswa. Abanye abantu badida lokhu kuzalaniswa nembongolo enkulu yaseMelika, bebeka phakathi kwabo empeleni uphawu olufanayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuzalaniswa kwezilwane ezincelisayo kwaseMelika kwafuthwa e-United States ngokuwela imifino eminingana, kubandakanya nohlobo lukaPoitou.
Izinhlobo zamaCatalan
Yaqala ukwenziwa indawo eSpain yangezikhathi zakudala, lapho yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yamandla amakhulu nokukhuthazela. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, lo mfutho wawuthunyelwa ngenkuthalo e-United States naseYurophu ukuze usetshenziswe kumafektri nasezimayini njengebutho elinyakazayo.Kodwa-ke, ngokuqala kokuguqukela kwezobuchwepheshe, isidingo salezi zilwane sanyamalala, ngenxa yokuthi abantu ngokwabo bancipha.
Ikhaya lamanje lokuzalela lithathwa njengeCatalonia nasenyakatho yeSpain, lapho manje selufuywe khona ngezinga elincane kakhulu futhi, njengomthetho, ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa. Kaningi ungahlangana nalolu hlobo lokuzalela emapulazini eBarcelona, ePuigcerda noma edolobheni lase-Olot. Uma ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, okungenani izinkulungwane ezingama-50 zabantu ngazinye zalolu hlobo zingabalwa emhlabeni wonke, manje lesi sibalo sehle saya kumakhulu angama-4-5, okuyingxenye yesine etholakala emizini eyodwa ngaphandle kweSpain.
Ukuzalela akunakubizwa ukuthi kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesidingo esikhulu, kodwa-ke, intengo yomuntu okhulileyo angaba ngama-euro ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa njengezinkulu kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zazo. Emabeleni, ukukhula komuntu ngamunye kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.7, umthethosisekelo unamandla, uyalingana, amathambo aqinile, izinyawo zinamandla futhi zinde. Izinwele zivame ukumnyama ngombala noma zibe mnyama ngombala (eduze kwamehlo, esiswini naku-muzzle, izinwele zilula noma zimhlophe), izinwele zinciphile, hhayi ikakhulukazi zikhulu futhi zimfushane. Ngobusika, ijazi liya likhula, amathunzi angahlukahluka abe nsundu nokubomvu.
Umehluko ohlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ungabhekwa njengezindlebe ezinkulu nezinde, noma ngasiphi isimo sima siqine (“isiyence”).
Manje izinhlobonhlobo zezimbongolo zaseCatalan zithathwa njengohlobo lwe-Catalonia. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, kwakhiwa uphawu lwaseSpain olusemthethweni - i- "Osborne inkunzi" emnyama, eyakhiwa kuqala igama lomkhiqizo wekhaya lakwaGrupo Osborne. Kamuva, ngesikhathi somzabalazo wenkululeko nokuzimela kweCatalonia, abaklami baseSpain bakha olunye uphawu - imbongolo yaseCatalan, eyayiphethe umyalezo wesilwane esinenkani, esinenkani futhi esisebenza kanzima. Isibonakaliso esisha sithandwa kakhulu yizakhamizi zaseCatalonia, manje sezingatholakala yonke indawo njengamaphosta, izitika nezithombe emikhiqizweni eminingi ezitolo zezikhumbuzo nase-haberdashery.
Uhlobo olusha lweMedithera
Kubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izimbongolo. Ukuqalwa kokuqala kwalokhu kuzalaniswa kuqale ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ezinye izinhlobo zezimbongolo ezincane zase-Italy naseNyakatho Afrika zingabhekwa njengokhokho bomuntu. Ekuqaleni, ukukhula komuntu bekungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1,1, namuhla ngenxa yokukhethwa, ukukhula kuye kwehle kakhulu futhi akudluli amasentimitha angama-90 lapho kubuna. Ekuqaleni yayikhulele e-Italy kuphela njengesilwane esihlobisa. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lo mzala waqala ukuthunyelwa eNgilandi nase-USA, lapho abaqoqi nabalimi abaningi bekuthanda kakhulu.
Abantu baqala ukusetshenziselwa kuphela ukuhlobisa nezinhloso zokubukisa, ngenxa yesisindo esincane namandla abo abuthakathaka, lohlobo lokuzalwa aluhambelani nokusebenza kanzima.
Isilwane sisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo emidlalweni yesekethe nemidlalo yezingane - lezi zimbongolo zizolile futhi zinobungane, azithandi ukuba nolaka noma inkani. Ngaphandle, izilwane zingahlukaniswa masinyane ngokukhula okuncane nosayizi omncane wesiqu kanye nemilenze. Umbala uvame kakhulu ukuba mpunga, onsundu noma ube mnyama, kube nezimpawu ezimhlophe esibonakalayo esihlalweni sokuzungeza naseduze kwamehlo.
Kubantu abane-purebred, ungabona ukuqina kombala phakathi kombala wangemuva nesisu - ijazi esifubeni nasemilenzeni lincane kakhulu. Abanye abantu abakhethiweyo baloluhlobo bangatholakala manje endle - ngokwesibonelo, eCyprus noma e-Afrika, e-USA, e-Australia. Kwezinye izifunda, abantu ababumbene benze konke ukufinyelela kumashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu.
Yini edingekayo kokuqukethwe?
Izimbongolo zingelezo zalezi zilwane ezingadingi zimo ezikhethekile zokunakekelwa. Ngezansi kuzoba nohlu lwemithetho eyisisekelo nezincomo zokukhulisa imbongolo epulazini.
- Izimo zokuphila. Into yokuqala oyidingayo igumbi elikhulu, elifudumele futhi elinomoya omuhle ngaphandle kokusalungiswa namakona amanzi. Isixha sokhuni esinezimbotshana ezihlanganisiwe noma phansi sokhuni sifanelwe kahle kakhulu - umuthi ufudumala ngokushesha futhi ungapholi masinyane. Nikeza ikamelo ngombhede omuhle wotshani. I-hay kufanele ibekwe kuma-feeders akhethekile, phansi izoshesha ukungcola futhi ibe ngumlingani. Abanye ochwepheshe embonini yezolimo batusa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezikhethekile ezimbozwe khona kanye ezibayeni. Ezindlini, phansi kufanele kube ngamapulangwe kuphela, ama-feeders enziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside - ngokukhethekile izinkuni eziphakeme.
Yonke indawo ye-corral kuleli cala imbozwe ngemfucumfucu, noma kunjalo, izinketho ezinomhlaba ovulekile noma amakhorali athunyelwe ngokuphelele avumelekile.
- Ukuhlanzeka. Zama ukungena egumbini lonke ngezikhathi zokuhamba kwezilwane emoyeni omusha. Izimbumbulu, ukudla okuchithekile namanzi amile kufanele kususwe ngesikhathi ukuze isilwane singadali futhi singaguli. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbongolo zihlanzekile ngokweqile futhi zingenqaba ukudla egumbini elingcolile.
- Ukuhamba. Ezikhathini ezifudumele, imbongolo kufanele ibe nendawo yokuhamba ngaphandle, ingaba yindawo yokuthola utshani obusha noma hay. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube yindawo yokuzijabulisa nokuhamba. Ingxenye ebaluleke ngokulinganayo esibayeni ngocingo lwekhwalithi. Imvamisa lokhu kuwuthango lwamapulangwe, oluphezulu kakhulu ukuze isilwane singakwazi ukuphuma kulo, futhi siluthi mancane ukuze singavumeli izilwane ezizingelayo.
Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho zinto ezivinjelwe nokusika endaweni - ucingo oluvinjelwe, ucezu lwensimbi, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane singalimala.
- Isimilo. Lapho ukhetha isilwane nganoma iyiphi inhloso, kufanele unake indlela ezisebenza ngayo kanye nokufutheka kwaso. Izimbongolo zivame ukuba nokuthula nokuzola, kepha abanye abantu bangakhombisa ulaka olungachazeki kwezinye izilwane noma ngisho nakubantu. Akunconyiwe ukuthatha izimbongolo ezinje, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uphinde uzifundise.
- Ukuhlalisana. Vikela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimbongolo nezinye izilwane epulazini. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezinja noma amakati, okuthe ngezenzo zazo kungadala ulaka lwangempela embongolweni. Njengomthetho, ulaka nokunganeliseki bese kusakazekela kumnikazi wepulazi.
Lapho ukhulisa imbongolo, kufanele unake ngokushesha ukuthinta. Intsha kungenzeka ingajwayele ukudlubululwa noma ukuphathwa ngesandla. Akufanele usebenzise ulimi oluyichilo maqondana nezimbongolo noma ubakhwaze - lezi zilwane zizizwa zilwa ngokuqondile. Okufanayo kuyasebenza ekushayweni - isilwane kungenzeka ukuthi sikwesabe, kodwa ukuthi sizolalela kusuka kuso cishe akunakwenzeka. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi inhloso yakho uthenga izilwane, kungcono ukuthenga nje abantu aba-2 noma ngisho nabantu abathathu ngasikhathi sinye.
Izimbongolo zikhuthazelela kabuhlungu isizungu futhi zihlukana nomhlambi wazo.
Ekamelweni lesilwane kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube namanzi ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile. Uma amanzi esemi izinsuku eziningana, khona-ke kukhona ithuba elihle lokwakheka kwamagciwane kuwo, okungaholela ezifweni eziningi. Ekuqaleni, nquma ukuthi kungani udinga isilwane. Uma inyama nobisi, ke kufanelekile ukuthatha isimo sokuzibophezela ngaphezulu kwikhwalithi nokuvama kokuphakelwa. Uma ufuna usizo ekhaya, khona-ke akufanele ulayishe imbongolo nomsebenzi usemncane - kuze kube seminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala, into ebunjiwe emzimbeni ngamunye, umgogodla uyaqina. Ukusuka emithwalweni eqinile lapho usemncane, isilwane singathola ukulimala okuningi nokulimala. Esimweni esihle kunazo zonke, izimbongolo zingathwala kuze kufike ku-30% wesisindo sazo, cabanga ngalokhu uma ufuna ukusebenzisa isilwane ukugibela.
Ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa nokuzijabulisa, kungcono ukukhetha abesilisa nabesifazane abathole izinyawo, kuthule futhi kunokuthula. Uma sikhuluma ngokuzala, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukukhetha kwalaba bantu abanamandla nabanempilo kuphela (izimbongolo ezi-1-2 kanye nowesilisa oyedwa).Abesilisa kufanele bahlukaniswe nabesifazane futhi komunye nomunye ukuze bangalimazi muntu.
Ukondla
Kuyafaneleka ukubheka izisekelo zokudla kanye nokudla ezimbongolweni ezifuywayo. Kuqala, izincomo ezijwayelekile zokuphakelwa zizokwethulwa ukuthi uzinake, bese kuba nohlu lwemikhiqizo leyo kungenzeka futhi akunakwenzeka ukunikeza umuntu ohlukile.
- Ngokungafani namanye amahhashi, izimbongolo azinconywa ukuthi zifake ukudla okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu nokusanhlamvu ekudleni: okusanhlamvu, oats, ibhali nommbila. Yonke le mikhiqizo iqukethe inani nje elikhulu lesitashi, ushukela nezinye izinto eziyingozi umzimba womzimba wembongolo awukwazi ukuzigaya kumanani anjalo. Ukudla inani elikhulu lokudla okunjalo kungaholela ekukhuluphikeni, ku-laminitis, futhi esikhathini esizayo ezinkingeni zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo.
- Isimo esiyinhloko sokudla yinani elikhulu le-fiber, liyadingeka ekusebenzeni kahle kwendlela yokugaya ukudla, kanye noshukela omncane. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba u-hay wezitshalo zikakolweni noma, isibonelo, utshani bebhali. Inempilo enhle kakhulu futhi ayicebanga kakhulu kuma-carbohydrate ayingozi. Lesi sitshalo siyisikhundla esihle kakhulu esikhathini esibandayo sokuntuleka kotshani obusha nokudla okunejusi.
- Izimbongolo ziseyizilwane zasendle eziyimvelaphi, ngakho-ke ekudleni kwazo akukho okungcono kunezihlahla ezinhle nezishubile nangamadlelo anotshani obuningi obusha nobunono. Ukuhamba edlelweni akulungile kuphela ngotshani obuthuntu kanye namavithamini emvelo, kodwa nangomoya omusha, ngaphandle kwazo lezi zilwane zizizwa zicindezelwe. Kodwa-ke, utshani obusha abufanelani nokwakha iningi lokudla; zama ukuhlukanisa okuphakelayo ukuze iningi lakhona kube ngotshani notshani.
- Ebusika nasezinkathini ezibandayo, kufanele njalo unikeze indlu ngotshani obanele. Uhlelo lokugaya lwalezi zilwane ngesikhathi esisebenzayo kufanele lusebenze njalo. Ukuvimbela ukudla okungekuhle, kugcobe ngeziphuzo noma ngotshani obusha. Kubantu asebekhulile abangenawo amazinyo nezimbongolo ezilengayo, ukwengeza amakhohlo ekudleni kuyinto enhle.
- I-hay kumele ibe musha, ngaphandle kweziqu zomile ngokuphelele nobumba, isibonakaliso esihle kakhulu se-hay esihle siyoba iphunga laso lezimbali elikhanyayo. Kunconywa ukugcwalisa i-hay ekuvuneni sekwedlule isikhathi, iqukethe amavithamini amaningi, i-fiber, futhi nezinto ezinoshukela omncane nezinto eziyingozi. Musa ukusebenzisa i-alfalfa hay, kunempilo kakhulu futhi kuzoba wusizo olukhulu kuphela kubantu ababuthaka noma abakhulelwe.
- Yonke imihlambi yezimbongolo iyindlela eyodwa noma enye ethambekele ekukhuluphiseni, yingakho kufanele uqaphele ukuhanjiswa. Okhokho bezimbongolo babevame ukudla ngamanani amancane emadlelo aluhlaza angacebile otshanini. Imizimba yabo ivumelaniswa nenani elincane lokudla futhi ingathola i-fiber eyanele namavithamini ngisho nasekudla okuthengeni kakhulu. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka inani lotshani obusha kumadlelo.
Ukulawula le nqubo, ungathola izibaya zamaselula ezilwaneni.
- Izimbongolo zingokwalabo izilwane ezifuywayo okudla ukudla kwazo okungu-3 ngosuku akwanele.Lokhu kufanele kube mincane, kepha imithamo yokudla ejwayelekile futhi ejwayelekile. Ngesikhathi sekhefu, isilwane kumele sibe nokufinyelela hay kanye notshani.
- Ukuphatha kanye okukhona akudingeki ukwenza konke ukudla. Kufanele kube yimikhuba engafakwanga njengomvuzo womsebenzi omuhle noma uhlobo oluthile lokukhohlisa olwenziwe. Izimpahla nazo zilungile ngenkathi yasebusika yokuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali. Ngesikhathi, kufanelekile ukunikela ngokungaphezu kwe-1 yezandla zemiphi imifino noma izithelo. Imvamisa, leli yi-apula, isanqante, kanye nobhanana zinkulu (awudingi ukusichitha). Unganikezi amazambane, noma yiluphi uhlobo iklabishi nemifino ene-acidity ephezulu - u-anyanisi, ugalikhi.
Ungazami ukunika isilwane noma iziphi izinhlobo zokudla komuntu - ukudla okufakwe emanzini anosawoti, okunosawoti, okuphekwe futhi okuthosiwe.
- Izimbongolo, njengamahhashi, zingama-imifino ngokuphelele. Ukudla kufanele kufake kuphela izitshalo zokudla, akukho nyama noma izinhlanzi.
- Izilwane ezibuthakathaka, ezikhulelwe nezisencane zingadinga ngokuphuthumayo izithasiselo ezithile zamavithamini. Ngaphambi kokuwengeza ekudleni, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho wezilwane ukuze uqinisekise isidingo sokudla okunjalo.
Izithasiselo ezejwayelekile kakhulu zamavithamini namaminerali: amatshe kasawoti (ngaphandle kwama-molasses), ama-cubes akhethekile we-fiber (ngqo izimbongolo), utshani obomile be-ice (amaqabunga ominti omile abukeka kahle lapha), amagremu amaprotheni. Zonke lezi zinto zengezwa ekudleni ngamanani amancane futhi zenzelwe ukuthuthukisa impilo yabantu, zilungiselele ubusika, noma zimane zithole ngokushesha izicubu zemisipha.
Lapho ukhetha lezi zengezo, qiniseka ukuthi zenzelwe izimbongolo ngqo, izengezo ezifanayo zezinye izilwane zinokwakheka okuhlukile futhi zizolimaza kakhulu kunokuhle.
Okunye kokudla okuvunyelwe kokuphakelwa kwembongolo sekukhonjisiwe kokuqukethwe ngaphezulu, imininingwane engezansi ifingqa yonke imininingwane ephathelene nokuphakelwa kwalezi zilwane. Lapho ukhetha ukudla, uqondiswe yiqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zingadla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo, kwenza ukudla kwazo okuyikho endaweni yemvelo.
- Uhlu Lomkhiqizo Olukhonjisiwe: ngobuningi obulinganiselwe, okusanhlamvu, utshani obusha (ngaphandle kokungcoliswa okuyingozi futhi kunoshevu ezilwaneni ezinjenge-horseradish, i-bleached, i-dope, i-buttercup, i-celandine, i-hemp, iso lempisi), utshani obuhle, utshani obusha, imifino nezithelo (ama-apula, izaqathi) zivunyelwe , amagatsha amahlahla, amaqabunga ezihlahla ezithile.
- Uhlu lwemikhiqizo eyingozi: imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okunoshukela omningi (amakhekhe, amakhekhe, amaswidi, amakhukhi), imikhiqizo yobisi (ushizi, ushizi wekotishi), imikhiqizo nenyama yezinhlanzi, izithelo nemifino ene-acidity ephezulu (izithelo ze-citrus, ugarlic, u-anyanisi, ama-radish), imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesitashi ( amazambane, ummbila), ukudla komuntu (ukudla okukhethiwe, okunosawoti nokuthosiwe), imifino yeklabishi yohlobo oluthile, noma yimiphi eminye imikhiqizo enokulondolozwa okuningi kanye nodayi.
Ukuzala
Njengazo zonke izilwane ezifuywayo, izimbongolo zikhuliswa abafuyi abaningi ukuze kwenziwe izilwane ezincane. Izici zokuzalela izimbotshana zizofakwa ohlwini olungezansi.
- Ukuthomba okusheshayo, ngokungafani namahhashi. Lapho sebefika eminyakeni emi-2, abesilisa nabesifazane sebemi ngomumo ekuklameni nasekhiqizweni kwabantu abasha. Kodwa-ke, kunconyelwa ukulinda kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3, ngoba kuze kube yilesi sikhathi isitho sezimbongolo singase singabi namandla ngokwanele ukuba sithwale i-foal.
- Okokuzalela, kufanelekile ukukhetha insikazi esebenzayo, enamandla futhi eqinile enesifiso esihle, kanye nowesilisa osebenzayo. Lapho ukukhula komzimba, umuntu kufanele asebenzise indlela yokukhetha ukuzikhethela, kunokuba avumele insikazi ene-estrus ipeni elilodwa nezinye izilwane (kufaka phakathi abesilisa). Ngemuva kwalokho ungasilawula isimo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izilwane azilimazi.
- Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele (kuze kube unyaka owodwa noma ngaphezulu), izimpawu zokuqala zingabonakala kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Izici zesici ukwanda kombele, ukwehla komsebenzi, ukuhlukunyezwa ngobumnene, ukungaziphathi.
- Cishe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokulethwa insikazi kufanele ibekwe egumbini elihlukile elifudumele futhi idliwe kuphela ngokudla okusha nokunempilo okunempilo ngevolumu kabili.
- Ukubeletha kuvame ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezinkingaAlukho usizo lomgcini oludingekayo. Njengomthetho, kukhona ama-foal angu-1 kulitha, ezimweni ezingavamile kufika kubantu ababili.
- Isikhathi sokukhulelwa, isb. Ukondla, sithatha izinyanga eziyi-9Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqala ngokudlulisa amathole otshanini obusha ngemuva kwenyanga yobudala. Ukusuka kulo nyaka, izimpondo zingahanjiswa emoyeni omusha uma isimo sezulu sivuma.
- Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kuza eminyakeni eyi-4, kule minyaka, izimbongolo zilungele ukulayisha imithwalo yamandla nokusiza ngomsebenzi wasendlini.
Ezempilo
Njengomthetho, izimbongolo zihlukaniswa impilo enhle, ukukhuthazela nokumelana nomkhuhlane kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo.Uma ubona izimpawu zokukhathala, ukudangala, ukuleleka, ukukhwehlela kanye namathumba ngemuva kwembongolo yakho, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha ukuthola usizo. Ukuzelapha kufanele kulahlwe uma ungafuni ukuqhubeka nokulimaza impilo yesilwane. Ezinye izifo ezijwayelekile zezimbongolo kuzoxoxwa ngazo ngezansi.
Ukudambisa imbongolo kumakhaza ngesikhathi sebusika, kunconywa ukuthenga ingubo ekhethekile. Kuzovikela isilwane emaconsi abukhali emazingeni okushisa, okusalungiswa nesithwathwa. Ingubo kufanele ihlolwe njalo - izimbongolo azijwayele ukugqoka futhi zingazama ukuzikhipha ngokuzifaka odongeni lwekhorali noma endlini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqina noma ukugoba kungenzeka. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuvimbela ukunakekela izilwane ezizosiza ukugwema iningi lezifo ezingahle zibe khona esilwaneni.
- Izinto eziningi esimweni sembongolo sezempilo zincike esimweni sejazi laso. Egqokeni elinganakwa futhi elingahloniphi, izimuncagazi zingenzeka ezingalimazi imbongolo yakho kuphela, kepha futhi zingayenza ibe novalo futhi ibe nolaka. Indlela enhle ukuthenga ibhulashi elikhethekile bese uvimba njalo futhi uhlanze uboya kusuka kongcolile, izigaxa emeveni. Inqubo kumele yenziwe njalo, okungenani zonke izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphambi kokuhlanza, akunconywa ukufafaza isilwane ngamanzi. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imbongolo ingasaba nje, izihlambi ezinjalo zingayibamba.
- Izinselo zembongolo ziyinto ebaluleke ngokulinganayo ekuvimbeleni. Njengezipikili zabantu, izinselo ezimbongolweni zikhula futhi zidinga ukuncipha nokuxubha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, zingavimba isilwane ekuhambeni, futhi izinselo ezingcolile nezingcolile zingadala izifo. Ngolwazi oludingekayo, ukuhlanza kungenziwa ngokuzimela, noma kunjalo, kungcono ukuphathisa le nqubo kumuntu omnyama onolwazi oluningi. Ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe cishe njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2-2,5.
- Amazinyo akhulisiwe, ahlanganisiwe, noma abukhali kungenye inkinga evamile ngabanikazi abangenalwazi. Njengezinselo, amazinyo ezimbongolo akhula njalo futhi adinga ukugaya. Imvamisa ukudla okuqinile noma utshani obusha obujwayelekile kusebenza njengokugaya okuhle. Abafuyi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukuxhumana nodokotela wamazinyo we-equestrian okungenani kanye ngonyaka - ngenxa yebhokisi lomhlathi omkhulu, ngeke kwenzeke ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kwamazinyo esilwane. Udokotela wamazinyo uzonquma isimo samanje samazinyo, isidingo sokwengeza i-calcium namavithamini ekudleni, futhi anikeze nezincomo ngokudla.
Le nkinga ithinta ikakhulukazi abantu asebekhulile nabancane ngamazinyo abuthakathaka noma amadala - kubo kungcono ukunikeza izingxube noma okuphakelayo okungadingi ukuhlafunwa kakhulu.
- Ukugoma kungenye indlela yokuvimbela, ngeshwa, akubona bonke abafuyi abasebenzisa. Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezingagwenywa yile ndlela umkhuhlane, i-tetanus kanye nesifo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithize, amarabi nokugoma i-encephalitis kungadingeka.
- Amagciwane acishe abe yisishayo esikhulu sabo bonke abafuyi e-Oslovodstvo. Ama-parasites enza buthaka isilwane, anciphise isifiso sokudla, angathinta ikhwalithi nokunambitheka kobisi, umsebenzi wesilwane ngenkathi uhamba. Inani elikhulu lezidakamizwa ze-anthelmintic ziyathengiswa, nokho, bambalwa kuphela kubo abasizayo ngempela. Akufanele uzame - kungcono uxhumane nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha, uthathe imiphumela kusengaphambili yokuhlaziywa kwezindimbane zembongolo. Yilapho-ke kuphela lapho ngikwazi ukunquma khona ukwelashwa okuphelele ngoshintsho ekudleni kanye nokufakwa kwamavithamini athile.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kufanele kuthathwe enye isheke ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokwelashwa.
- Imvamisa, izinambuzane ngendlela yama midges, amantwala noma amabafu akhathaza izimbongolo. Izimpawu kulula ukuzazi - izilwane ezigulile zivame ukubhuqa ezindongeni ezindaweni ezithintekile. Kuzoba nzima ukususa zombili izinambuzane - izinwele ezinde ziyoba insindiso kusuka ema-midges. Ngasikhathi sinye, lapho ijazi likhona, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuxosha izintwala.
Imfihlo yokwelashwa lapha ilula kakhulu - siqaphe njalo isimo sejazi lembongolo, sisebenzise okokugcoba okhethekile nemithi yokugcoba ngamakhambi ngentwala.
Izifo ezijwayelekile phakathi kwezimbongolo yilezi ezilandelayo.
- Amathikithi - I-calcium ye-calcium-phosphorus metabolism emzimbeni iyaphazamiseka. Imvamisa kwenzeka kubantu abasha ngenxa yokudla okungafanele okuyisisekelo kanye nenani elincane lobisi lukababa.
- I-Polyvitaminosis - kwenzeka ebusika ngokuntuleka okungapheli kwezakhamzimba, amakhambi amasha namavithamini.
- Bronchopneumonia - ukuvuvukala okujwayelekile kwamaphaphu noma i-bronchi. Kuvela ngenxa yezimo ezingafanele kumakhaza nesithwathwa, lapho okusalungiswa.
- Ukunwebeka okukhulu kwesisu - Kuvela ekudleni ngokweqile noma kumakhefu njalo wamagesi esiswini ngenxa yokuvutshelwa kwemikhiqizo.
Bona ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani imbongolo kahle kuvidiyo elandelayo.