Ubude bomzimba we-stickleback ngenaliti emithathu abudluli ku-10 cm. Isici esibonakalayo salo mndeni ameva acwebezelayo, ngenxa yokuthi kwavela igama lale nhlanzi.
Ama-sticklebacks ane-spine amathathu anezikhala ezi-3 emhlane wawo, kepha inani le-spikes lingaba ngu-9 no-16, kuya ngokuthi zihlukaniswa ziphi izinhlobo zokunameka.
Ngenxa yalokhu spikes, izinhlanzi iba izisulu ezinzima izinyamazane. Izinaliti zinezindlela zokukhiya, zivala zibheke emsileni, ngakho-ke, ukuze udle izinhlanzi, udinga ukwazi ukulubamba.
Esikhundleni sezikali emhlane nasezinhlangothini kukhona amapuleti anamandla amathambo aqinile, ziba kancane ngokuya emsileni. Lawa mapuleti nawo enza umsebenzi wokuzivikela kubaphangi.
I-stickleback enezinhlaka ezintathu (Gastersteus aculeatus).
Izici zangaphandle
I-stickleback ingeyomndeni wokuhlaselwa nge-ray-squad stingy. Igama lahlanganisa i-genera eyi-5 kanye nezinhlobo eziyi-8 zalaba abamele.
Ziyahluka: spikes etholakala in the dorsal fin. Le nhlanzi encane ayinazikali, futhi akubona bonke abantu abahlawulwayo esiswini. Esikhathini esiningi endaweni yezimali kunomgogodla owodwa noma ama-2 ray athambile. Lapho kuphakama ingozi, iliva lisebenzisa isikhali salo, lisakaza zonke izikhala ezibukhali. Babhoboza umzimba wesitha.
Ama-stickleback angawomndeni wezimpaphe ezikhazimulayo
Ezinhlangothini zomzimba kukhona amapuleti amathambo angaphezu kwama-30. Basebenza njengokuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Inhlanzi enamathele ingenye yabamele abancane bezidumbu zamanzi. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-5-6 cm ekukhuleni. Umbala ungahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo, phakathi kwazo:
- inaliti ezine,
- inaliti eziyisishiyagalolunye
- mfoka
- ulwandle
- encane eningizimu
- inaliti ezintathu.
Okuvame kakhulu ngukugcina kwabokusohlwini. Ihlukaniswa yi-tint emnyama noma eluhlaza okotshani, futhi isisu sayo kanye nezinhlangothi kuyisiliva.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sokunamathela kwezinalithi ezintathu
Ukuziphatha kwe-stickleback ngenkathi silinde inzalo kuyamangaza. Lapho amanzi eqala ukufudumala, abesilisa abamathelayo bahlukana nephakethe futhi baqala ukwakha izidleke.
ECamchatka, i-stickleback ibizwa nge-hahalcha.
Ama-spikes ahlala emanzini angajulile, lapho kunenani elikhulu lezinto zokwakha. Bakha izidleke ezivela ezingxenyeni zezitshalo ezifile namahlumela amancane. Ezakhiweni zokwakha gluing, abesilisa basebenzisa imfihlo ekhethekile, efihliwe ku-anus.
Ngenkathi owesilisa akha isidleke senzalo yowesifazane nowesikhathi esizayo, ukubukeka kwakhe kushintsha kakhulu.
I-green or brown back iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imihlathi engezansi nesisu iba bomvu, bese amehlo aphenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lo mbala emadodeni uhlala kuze kube sekupheleni kokuqhuma, kuze kube yilapho kuvela i-caviar esidlekeni. Kodwa hhayi abesifazane kuphela, kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye zinaka abesilisa abanamathela ngokugqamile, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana baba izisulu ezilula zezinyoni.
Izinti ezinamaphazili amathathu ahlala kokubili olwandle nasemanzini amasha.
Ukuvela kokunamathela kwabesifazane nakho kuyashintsha. Imivimbo eguqukayo emnyama ivele emzimbeni, futhi isisu sibe ophuzi.
Ukuheha insikazi esidlekeni, iduna limlethela kuye, linyathela ameva nezimpaphe futhi lenze neziqu phambi kwakhe. Lapho insikazi ithakazela futhi isondela esidlekeni, iduna liyayicindezela ukuze liphuthume ukuyohlukana ne-caviar.
Lapho ezansi kwesidleke kukhona amaqanda anombala osawolintshi angamakhulu amaningana, ububanzi bawo bungamamayela ayi-1, owesilisa uthumela owesifazana ukuba ahambe. Ngemuva kwalokho ibeka ungqimba we-caviar bese ikhipha ungqimba lobisi kuyo. Ngemuva kwaloko, uya ayofuna intokazi.
Iziduna zesigaxa esinezintambo ezintathu zinakekela ukuvikelwa kwamaqanda nemfundo yokuqhubeka kwezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa kufanele avikele amaqanda, ngisho nakwezinsikazi, ngoba intombi entsha ingadla amaqanda kowesifazane wangaphambilini, ngakho owesilisa ngokushesha udlulisela izinsikazi lapho nje ebeka amaqanda.
Abesifazane badla i-caviar engabafokazi ngoba bagcwele kakhulu futhi njengoba bezama ukwandisa amathuba okusinda kwe-caviar yabo.
Uma owesilisa ekhuthele futhi egugekile, izinsikazi zensikazi ezivela ku-6-7 zingavela esidlekeni sayo. Ngemuva kokubekwa ngakunye, owesilisa ukhulisa isidleke kancane ukuze ungqimba lwe-caviar lungabi mnene kakhulu futhi lube nomoya omuhle. Owesilisa kufanele futhi abambe iqhaza lomlandeli, ngoba lokhu kutholakala ekungeneni esidlekeni futhi amagagasi akhe akhuthele, aqondise ukugeleza kwamanzi kuye ithole.
Kuze kube yilapho kufakwa isidumbu, ubaba akabhukudi esidlekeni. Kepha lapho uFry ephuma ku-caviar futhi eqoqa umhlambi wesiliva, imisebenzi yabesilisa nayo iyaqhubeka. Kufanele avikele i-fry kwabanye besilisa abangenazingane abazama ukuzidla. Izinsizwa ezincane ezihlaselana ku-fry zihlangene emhlambini. Iduna elinamathela kufanele lihlale liqaphe amazinyane alo bese libuyela emlonyeni wezingane zalo eziye zashiya isidleke.
Umbala wokunamathisela izinaliti ezintathu kuncike eminyakeni yobudala, isimo somzimba, indawo yezinhlanzi noma inkathi.
Ubaba okhathalelayo wenalithi emithathu uyenqena ukuyeka ukunakekela inzalo yakhe cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-45 emva kokubumbelwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, abancane bayakhula futhi baqale ukuphila impilo yokuzimela. Owesilisa nenzalo yakhe encane bajoyina isikole sezinhlanzi ezindala.
Lapho kuhlala khona
Ikakhulu ama-sticklebacks amaningi angatholakala ku-Baltic and White Seas. Kukhona lapho emifuleni yaseSiberia eseNtshonalanga, ezindaweni eziphansi zeDnieper, eNyakatho Donets, emizimbeni yamanzi oMnyama, Azov naseCaspian Seas, nasezindlameni ezihlala esifundeni sase-Astrakhan. Ingatholakala kwiVolga kanye nemifula yesisekelo seVolga.
Izinhlanzi ezinobuhlakani zithanda izindawo ezithule ngenqubo ezolile. Kungaba ngama-grooves amancane, imifula, amachibi anehlabathi elinesihlabathi noma usilika futhi ogwini olumbozwe ngotshani.
Inaliti ezintathu nezinaliti eziyisishiyagalolunye zihlala kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Europe. E-Russia, izindawo ezinamathela emuva ziyimifula egelezela oLwandle oluMhlophe nolweBaltic, imifula yaseMpumalanga Ekude, izinqolobane zezifunda zeLeningrad, iLake Onega.
I-stickleback ihlala kulo lonke ugu lwaseYurophu, iqala eNorway futhi iyophela nge-Bay of Biscay. Izindawo ezihlala kuyo ziyizindawo zolwandle ngasogwini olunamadwala.
Ingxenye encane yaseningizimu itholakala ezingxenyeni ezinezilo zasolwandle i-Azov, iBlack and Caspian, kanye nasemifuleni egelezela kuyo. Futhi ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Dnieper kanye neNorth Donets.
Okuncane mayelana nokunamathela kwezinalithi ezintathu
Umzimba we-stickleback, ofana nolwandlekazi, awumbozwa ngesikali, kodwa ngamapuleti amathambo, akha igobolondo elinzima futhi eliqinile elizungeze inhlanzi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezi zinhlobo zombili zingezohlobo lwe-Kolyushkoobraznye, kodwa imindeni ehlukene. I-stickleback ivela emndenini we-stickleback, lapho kwaziwa khona izinhlobo eziyi-12. Eduze naseSt. Petersburg kuhlala isitikha esinemidwebo emithathu, futhi kwaba nguye "ingelosi esindisayo" ezinsukwini zomhlangano.
Ukuvela kwesinamatheliso senalithi ezintathu
Ama-sticklebacks anezikhala ezintathu atholakala emizimbeni yamanzi entsha nasolwandle. Ubude befomu lamanzi acwengekileyo amasentimitha ayi-4-6. Umzimba uphakeme, kepha uphakeme ngokwanele, ucindezelwe kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini. Isiqu esifushane se-caudal sidlula singene kwi-caudal fin, ayihlukaniswe ngama-lobes. Esikhundleni sezikali, umzimba uvikelwe ngamapuleti amathambo, futhi kubonakala sengathi inhlanzi iboshwe ngegobolondo. Ekhanda elikhonjwe kancane kunamehlo amakhulu akhanyayo.
Izikhala ezintathu ezinkulu ezibukhali maphakathi nendawo emuva zibonakala kahle esithombeni se-stickleback. Ngenombolo yabo, inhlanzi yathola igama layo - inalithi ezintathu. Ngemuva kwezikhala yinhlawulo yedini. Kepha akuzona zonke “izikhali” zale nhlanzi encane. Esikhundleni samaphiko we-ventral, unama-spikes. Izikhala ezivuthiwe ziyisikhali esinamandla kakhulu futhi esibucayi.
Isikhali esabekayo - ameva
Lapho inhlanzi enamathele isaphumule, iziponji zihlangana ngokuqinile nomzimba.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ihlaselwa umhlaseli, izikhala zikhuphuka zinwebe ngezindlela ezintathu - phezulu kusukela emuva kuya ezinhlangothini kusukela esiswini. Kulesi sikhundla, bahlaba umlomo womdlwenguli.
Ezimpini phakathi kwabesilisa ngaphambi kokusakazeka, lesi sikhali sisetshenziswa ngempumelelo. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi onqobayo avuvule ophikisana naye ngezikhala zakhe.
Umbala kanye nokwehluka kobulili
Umbala we-stickleback uyashintsha, futhi kunezici eziningana eziyithonya: ubudala, isimo somzimba, indawo yokuhlala nenkathi:
- isiliva elincane
- ebusika umbala uyimpunga yesiliva, kanti ehlobo iba nsundu ngombala onsundu.
Imvamisa, abesilisa nabesilisa abafani ngemibala. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuzala, ingemuva lowesilisa liba nsundu, ingxenye engezansi yekhanda nomzimba iba bomvu.
Izinsikazi ziyaguquka futhi - imivimbo emnyama ivela ezinhlangothini zomzimba nasemhlane, isisu sithola umbala ophuzi ophuzi. Ngemuva kokusaphaza, umbala uyefana.
Ukuzala
I-stickleback enamaphiko amathathu ingenye yezinhlanzi ezimbalwa ezibonisa isibonelo sobaba oyisibonelo. Ngowesilisa owenza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi unakekela konke ukukhulisa i-caviar ne-haty.
Lesi sidleke sakhiwe emijondolo phakathi kwezitshalo zasemanzini, inqobo nje uma kunenkambo yokulinganisa. Imbobo igudla ezansi: owesilisa uthatha isihlabathi ngomlomo wakhe futhi awuse eceleni.
Izikhuhla nezinsalela zezitshalo, ezedotshwa ngowesilisa ngezinsimbi ezivela ezinhlangothini zomzimba wakhe, zisebenza njengezinto zokwakha. Lesi sidleke sinamathele ezigxotsheni zezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi futhi sicwiliswe kusilika, ngakho-ke imperceptibly. Isithombe sombambo wesilisa sibonisa inqubo yokuqoqa imfucumfucu yesitshalo yokwakha isidleke.
Lapho isidleke sesikulungele, owesilisa uphonsa insikazi esidlekeni, esikhona imizuzwana embalwa futhi akwazi ukubeka phansi ingxenye yakhe yamaqanda (amaqanda ayikhulu). Iduna lisheshe limxoshe bese liphuthuma ukuyozalela amaqanda alo. Ngemuva kwalokho ubheka enye insikazi enze okufanayo kuye. Amadoda amadala kakhulu angaqoqa amaqanda kusuka kwabayisithupha kuya kwabayisikhombisa besifazane (amaqanda ayi-150-180).
Lapho-ke kufika isikhathi sokuhlupheka kowesilisa:
- Eqaphe isidleke, uthela wonke umuntu oseduze.
- Ilungisa futhi ilungise isidleke.
- Inikela ngokuthuthukisa i-caviar ngamanzi amasha - iwuthambisa ngamaphiko we-pectoral.
Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10-16, ngenkathi kukhiqizwa i-caviar, owesilisa akaxoshwa esidlekeni. Kepha emva kwalokho uyaqinisekisa ukuthi i-fry ayibhukudi kude, futhi uma kunesidingo iyibuyisela esidlekeni emlonyeni.
I-stickleback enezinhlaka ezintathu ayihlali isikhathi eside - iminyaka engama-3-4. Iqala ukwanda ekugcineni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila (emizimbeni yamanzi amnandi). Yize emncane, unamandla amakhulu - uhlobo lomzingeli omncane. Ukudla kwaso: gazinga namaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi (kufaka nezinhlobo zazo), izibungu, ama-crustaceans, izibungu zezinambuzane.
Ungayibamba kanjani i-stickleback ngesikhathi sokuvinjwa
Izakhamizi zaseKrondstadt ezivinjezelwe zazisebenzisa amadivaysi anamathela esikhundleni samanethiwekhi okubamba izinti: amahembe, izikhwama, obhasikidi, ama-T-shirts, amanetha e-butterfly ekubambeni izimvemvane ezinamaseli amancane kakhulu.
Ababambe izinamathele babeka phansi odongeni lwamapulangwe ngaphansi kwebhuloho bese befaka "izibhamu" zabo emanzini, bazibeka ekhoneni ngokumelene ne-yamanje ngomzuzu, bese bezikhipha masinyane. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukubanjwa kwakunesilinganiso senhlanzi eyodwa nesigamu. Ukuze ubambe amakhilogremu amahlanu we-stickleback ngale ndlela, kuthathe okungenani amahora angama-5-6.
Izindlebe nezindlebe zenyama ezenziwe ezinhlanzini ezincane ezinama-prickly zibonakalise ukuthi zimnandi, futhi okubaluleke - zinempilo. Nansi inhlanzi enjalo - i-blockade stickleback.
Inhlanzi yethusi kumaza ensimbi
Izinhlanzi ezintathu zethusi kanye namagagasi ensimbi - lesi yisikhumbuzo esiya ku-blockade stickleback engaphezulu komfula wamanzi we-Obvodny Canal eduze kweBlue Bridge esiqhingini saseKotlin eKrondstadt.
Kusuka ku- "Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg" sithola ukuthi isiphakamiso sokumisa itshe lesikhumbuzo savela ngo-1957. Futhi ekuqaleni kuka-2004 le nguqulo eyilwayo yabhekwa emhlanganweni womphakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho yahlelwa kabusha futhi yadalwa enguqulweni yokugcina ngumbhali uN.V. Chepurnov. Futhi ngonyaka we-2005, lesikhumbuzo sakhiwa futhi savulwa - Meyi 8.
Imigqa emine evela enkondweni kaMaria Aminova, imbongi yaseKronstadt, ibhalwe ku-plaque.
Ngo-2012, isikhumbuzo esiya ku-blockade stickleback eKrondstadt sabhalwa eNcwadini Yenkumbulo Yempi Enkulu. Ngokwesiko, minyaka yonke ngoJanuwari 27 (usuku lokuphakanyiswa kokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad) abazukulu nezingane zokuvinjezelwa bathwala izimbali etsheni lesikhumbuzo. Futhi abadobi base-amateur banesiko labo - ukuvakashela "izinduku zethusi" ngaphambi kokudoba. Lokhu, njengesibonakaliso, inhlanzi izoba ngcono ukudonsa.
Indaba
Disemba. Amashumi amane nanye
Ishumi lesibili.
Phezu kwawo wonke umoya
Umoya wokuvimba.
Ekuvuseleleni kabusha kwesitolo.
Ngithatha umsindo ngiwubheke phambili.
Njengokukhanya kokuvuselela
Xoxa nge-stickleback.
Ezandleni zezinhlanzi zomuntu
Ngomdlalo, emeveni,
Amamatheke ubuso
Ngephupho le-stickleback.
Njengomlo webhomu
Njengonyoni
Yaziswa blockade
Siyizinhlanzi ezinamathelayo.
Ngisondele njalo kimi
Akuyona yonke into emhlabeni wezibhamu.
Ngibona itshe lesikhumbuzo
I-blockade stickleback.
Eminyakeni yokuvinjwa, lapho ukudla okuphele edolobheni elivinjezelwe sekuphelile futhi cishe zonke izinhlanzi zabanjwa futhi zidliwe eGulf of Finland nasemigqonyeni, uhlobo olulodwa olungenakuthengisela olwalungenakubaluleka kwezentengiso lwalusinda futhi aludliwa ngesikhathi sokuthula futhi lwabhekwa ngabadobi ngokuthi "bayakhathala" - ukunamathela emuva. Inhlanzi encane enamahloni ingena ngamanetha, inamapuleti amathambo esikhundleni sezikali nezipikili emaphepheni we-dorsal kanye nasesiswini, abahlali be-blockade babanjwa ngamanethi, izikhwama, amahembe, amahembe. Entwasahlobo, ama-brigade ahlelwa ukuba abanjwe. Ngokusho kwendawo ebekiwe, "emahoreni angama-3-4 kuya kwayi-40 ... babamba izikhala esikhwameni se-maski kagesi, esingamakhilogremu ayi-4,5. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho iqhwa liphela khona. ”
Ku-2nd Leningrad Medical Institute, kwasungulwa umuthi "wamafutha", obesetshenziswa ezibhedlela ukwelapha ukusha namanxeba.
Indlebe yalungiswa kusuka ku-stickleback ngokufakwa kwe-fishmeal, cutlets. Iziphuzo zeqhwa zigxishwe izinhlayiya zenhlanzi zincibilikisiwe, izisulu zenyongo zisuswe enhlanzini, inyama eyosiwe edluliswa nge-grinder yenyama yayitholakala emafutheni enhlanzi e-orange ekhanyayo, nayo etholakala ku-stickleback. Amabhulokhi amaningi anempilo yokuphila kwe-stickleback.
Badubula ngaphansi kwebhuloho lokuqala lase-Elagin. Sehle ngaphansi kwebhuloho futhi lapho, silele emaphethelweni wokhuni, saqala ukusebenza ngamabhasikidi. … I-Stickleback! Lowo ofanayo, omncane, oyisidididi, onobude obuyimunwe womunwe wezinhlanzi ezigijimisa imihlambi yolwandle olwandle, ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu ... Ngazama kangaki ukubamba okungenani isandla esisodwa nomfana - angikaze ngiphumelele. Futhi lapha saphonsa obhasikidi bethu emanzini, sawabeka ngokumelene nokwamanje ngakwesobunxele futhi sakhipha ngemuva komzuzu. Izikhuni eziyi-10-15 zagxumela kubhasikidi.
Emahoreni amabili noma amathathu, amabhakede ayegcwele.
I-stleback ephekiwe, ethosiwe, yenziwe ama-cutlets kuyo. Wondla umama wakhe izinsuku eziningi, washintshana nogwayi. Bengingacabangi ukuthi le thoyizi, inhlanzi kadoli ibimnandi kakhulu ...
Kwathengiswa ama-Ighall nge-sticklebacks edolobheni kuze kube kuphela kweminyaka yama-1940.
Inkumbulo
I- "Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg" ikhombisa ukuthi umbono wokwakha isikhumbuzo enhlanzini encane yaqhamuka ngonyaka we-1957, abezindaba bakhona babiza le nkondlo ngokuthi "Ngelinye ilanga empilweni yaseKronstadt blockade", usihlalo woMkhandlu waseVeterans waseKronstadt M wabhekisa kuyo ngo-2004, umbono. V. Konovalov. NgoJanuwari 2004, isikhumbuzo esakhishwa samiswa ukuze sidingidwe ngumphakathi, sabe sesibukeziwe. Itshe lesikhumbuzo, elakhiwe ngumbazi uN.V. Chepurny ohlelweni loMkhandlu WamaVeterans waseKronstadt kanye ne-International Foundation "Iminyaka engama-300 yaseKronstadt - iReport of Shrines", lifakwe odongeni olusentshonalanga lwe-Obvodny Canal, eduze kweBlue Bridge. Ukuvulwa kwenzeka ngoMeyi 8, 2005.
Umbhobho wesibonakhulu, oqiniswe ngaphakathi kwengxenye yomganekazi womsele, umelela izinhlanzi ezintathu zethusi ezincane kumaza ensimbi. Ethangeni kunemigqa evela enkondlweni yenkondlo yenkosikazi yaseKronstadt uMaria Aminova “iBlockade stickleback”:
Isheltha yathula kanye nokuqhuma kwamabhomu,
Kepha ukudumisa kusazwakala -
Izinhlanzi ezincane ezivinjelwe
Yini esiza abantu ukuthi basinde ...
Itshe lesikhumbuzo libhalwe ku “Book of Remikhumbuzo of the Great War”, kukhishwa amakhadi okuposa anesithombe sawo. Kuqhamuke isiko lasemadolobheni lokuletha izimbali etsheni lesikhumbuzo ngoJanuwari 27, usuku okwasuswa ngalo iLeningrad blockade. Abadobi baseDolobheni banesibonakaliso: uma uvakashela itshe lesikhumbuzo ngaphambi kokudoba, inhlanzi izoba yinhle ekubhokiseni.
Uhlobo luni lwezinhlanzi ezinamathelayo?
Igama lihlanganisa wonke umndeni. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlanu ezinhlanu kanye nezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili. Bonke abamele banama-spikes abekwe phambi kwe-dorsal fin. Isikali salezi zinhlanzi asikho ngokuphelele. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-fin esiswini futhi angavezwa ngumgogodla owodwa nomhlanga owodwa noma emibili ethambile. Uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ihlaselwa umhlaseli, i-stickleback isakaza yonke imithombo yayo ebukhali bese iyayibhoboza.
Inhlanzi ithanda izindawo ezinenkambo ethule, phansi enodaka namabhange agcwele utshani. Ngokuyisisekelo, zonke izinhlobo zigcinwa emaphaketheni amakhulu eselula. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kwenza ukudoba kube nzima, ngoba ngokunyakaza okuncane yonke i-jamb igijimela entweni eye yawela emanzini.
Habitat
I-Stickleback yinhlanzi efakwa ezindlini ezahlukahlukene. Zingaba olwandle, ubakaki namanzi amdaka. Ngakho-ke, i-stickleback ihlala ezindaweni ezinqunyelwe i-Azov, iCaspian kanye nezindawo eziphansi ze-Dnieper neminye imifula engena kuyo. Izinhlobo ezintathu zenalithi nezinaliti eziyisishiyagalolunye zitholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. E-Russia, ingabonakala emifuleni igeleza iye eMhlophe kanye nasezichibini zasesifundeni saseLeningrad. Induku yasolwandle - izinhlanzi zasogwini. Itholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu ogwini olunamadwala eBay of Biscay kanye ne-Ghuba yaseFinland, enyakatho yeNorway naseLwandle iBaltic.
Inani lezomnotho
Phambilini, le nhlanzi encane yayizingelwa eBaltic, White and Azov Seas, eKamchatka. Ufulawa ophakeme wekhwalithi ephezulu nawo utholwe kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-stickleback yayisetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane, futhi nangomanyolo wamasimu. Lapho kuvinjezelwa iLeningrad, uwoyela wezinhlanzi ocebile we-carotenoid wawusetshenziswa ezibhedlela ukwelapha amanxeba nokwelapha ukusha.
Njengamanje, i-stickleback yinhlanzi enani layo lomnotho lingabalulekanga kangako. Idla konke konke, ngaleyo ndlela iba nomthelela omubi wenzalo yezinhlobo zezentengiso ezibalulekile.
Indawo encane yaseningizimu
Izinhlobo ze-ben-water noma ezinamanzi amasha zifinyelela ku-6 cm ubude. Inhlanzi enjalo isakazekile e-Asia, e-Europe, kunesibalo esizimele eGreece - isisekelo semifula ye-Aljakmon neVardar. I-stickleback igcinwa, njengomthetho, ezindaweni ezigeleza eziphansi ezicebile ezitshalweni. Umzimba wezinhlanzi uphakeme futhi ucindezelwe ezinhlangothini. Umbala uluhlaza onsundu, kanti isisu siyisiliva, kwesinye isikhathi sinombala ophuzi. Imivimbo namabala kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke, okwenza kube sengathi kunephethini lemabula.
Izinaliti eziyisishiyagalolunye
Ukubuka akunkulu kakhulu kunalokho okwedlule (ubude - imizimba engu-5-7 cm). Noma ngabe sikhulu kangakanani nenhlanzi endala ye-stickleback, ayinayo inzuzo yokuhweba noma yezomnotho. Lolu hlobo lunohlangothi olubunjiwe nomzimba ophakeme, kanye namehlo amakhulu (esithombeni sesibili). Umhlane ungaba nomthunzi onsundu, isisu - isiliva elikhanyayo. Umbala uyashintsha emadodeni ngenkathi uqhuma. Isisu nezinhlangothi ziba mnyama, ameva abe mhlophe. Le yinhlobo efudukayo ejwayelekile e-Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific Oceans, eGreat Lakes basin.
Uma sikhuluma ngalokho izinhlanzi ezinamathelayo eziyesabayo, kufanele kushiwo ngamanzi amasha (i-perch, i-pike, i-pike perch, i-catfish, i-burbot, i-chub) kanye nolwandle (i-herring, i-herring, i-gobies, njll.). Zingadla nezinyoka, izimfudu eziwugwadule, amasele, izinyoni ezidla inyama nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Konke kuncike endaweni yokuhlala.
I-Stickleback
Igama lesibili liyishumi nanhlanu. Kubonakala ngokuba khona kwezintambo ezincane ezi-14 kuya kwezingu-16 emuva. Umzimba wale nhlanzi unombala omfushane, obumbekile, onesiqu esincanyana neside. Umhlane unombala onsundu, kanti izinhlangothi zigolide. Okuthakazelayo umbala wesilisa ngenkathi uqhuma - ajika aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bufika ku-20 cm ubude. Ukuziphatha kukodwa ngaphezulu - akuqoqani emhlambini, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo.
I-Brood stickleback
Kusatshalaliswa emifuleni emincane nasemachibini asenyakatho ne-United States. Ine-spine kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-6 (imvamisa kakhulu ama-5) ngaphambili kwe-dorsal fin. Ikhula ibe yi-6 cm ubude.Yasebenza impela futhi inqwaba. Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuza kwemvelo bashintsha umbala wabo ojwayelekile ube obomvu okhanyayo. Yonke eminye imikhuba nendlela yokuziphatha ehlukile yenzalo ifana neye-tatu-yenalithi yokunamathela.
Induku yemonkey
Ukuqamba konke kufakwa eKronstadt. Lesi sikhumbu sakhiwa ngo-2005. Isikhumbuzo esincane sibonisa amagagasi ensimbi nezinhlanzi ezintathu ezincane ezinamathiselwe kubo. Eduze kwalapho ungabona imigqa yenkondlo ethi "I-blockade Stickle" yimbongi uM. Aminova.
Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wokuthi ngabe kukhona inhlanzi enjalo - ukunamathela emuva, umuntu ngamunye waseSt. Petersburg uzokuphendula ku-affirmative. Kunganikeza ngisho neresiphi enhle yokulungiselela kwayo. Inhlanzi encane ebhlokheni elibi isindise izimpilo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane.
Noma yimuphi umdobi ufuna ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abamele abancane bomhlaba wamanzi nabo bahle njengethofu. Isibonelo, inhlanzi e-stickleback incane, kepha ihlukile ekuziphatheni okungajwayelekile nokunolaka. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, lesi silwanyana esinobuhlungu kakhulu, futhi uma kwenzeka sengozi uyakwazi ukuzivikela kwabanye abahlali basemanzini.
Inhlanzi e-stickleback incane, kepha ihlukile ekuziphatheni okungajwayelekile nokunolaka.
Habitat
I-stickleback ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwamanzi. Abamele amanzi ahlanzekile ungalokothi ungene olwandle. Zitholakala futhi zisakazwa kuphela emizimbeni yamanzi entsha. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zihlala emanzini olwandle, kepha ngesikhathi sokuhlakazeka zibhukuda ezindaweni ezisogwini.
Izinhlanzi eziningi ezinamathelayo zihlala ezindlini zokugcina zaseYurophu naseSiberia eseNtshonalanga. Bambalwa kakhulu eVolga nasemanzini ayo. Inani elikhulu lalaba abamele libonwa emifuleni yesikebhe:
- I-Baltic
- Okumhlophe
- Mnyama
- I-Azovsky
- Ulwandle lweCaspian.
Izinhlanzi ezi-Spiked zivamile eDnieper naseNyakatho Donets. Ukuze umbambe, udinga ukubheka izindawo ezinokuhamba okuhamba kancane nokuhamba kancane. Ukhetha amachibi amancane nemifudlana enotshani obunotshani, phansi enodaka. Ungahlala ngisho nasemigodini. Ezitolo zokugcina ezinenqwaba yezinhlanzi zigcinwa ezikoleni ezinkulu. Baqala ukuhlasela noma yini ewela emanzini.
Ngenxa yemijikelezo yayo ebukhali futhi eqinile, iningi lezakhamuzi zamachibi lilukhuni kakhulu nge-spikes. Ngosizo lwe-spikes, bahlela ukukhipha phakathi kwabo. Imiphunga idla i-caviar eyi-alien, futhi ngamanani amakhulu. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezitha, izinhlanzi ezi-spiny ziyakwazi ukuzala ngokukhululekileyo inzalo. Leli qiniso lisongela ukuba khona kwezinye izakhamuzi ezinokuthula okuningana endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-sticklebacks sincane impela futhi sineminyaka engama-3-4 kuphela.
Ukudla Kwempisi
Le nhlanzi encane inikezwe isifiso esihle sokudla. Udla noma yikuphi ukudla, noma kunjalo, isisekelo sokudla kwakhe yile:
- izibungu
- crustaceans,
- ipulankton,
- izibungu zezinambuzane
- izidalwa ezihlala ngaphansi kwamachibi.
Njengoba bengabadli, badla ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, amaqanda abo, ngisho nabazala babo. Isikhathi sokuzingela singobusuku. Bakhetha izinhlanzi ezihambayo, baziphathe ngentshiseko, baphishekele abantu abancane. Ukuzingela phakathi nenyanga egcwele kungcono uma kunokukhanya okwengeziwe.
Lapho ibona inyamazane, i-stickleback ishesha igasele isisulu sayo, iyitimbe ngemihlathi yayo. Amazinyo abukhali awashiyi isisulu ithuba lokusinda. Inomhlambi emhlanjini nayo iphuthuma endaweni yokuhlaselwa ngethemba lokudla inyamazane ebanjiwe.
Izindlela zokudoba
Kumdobi, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi alulona isasasa olukhulu, ngoba alunalo inani lomsoco. Kaningi, izinhlanzi ezincane zibanjwa yizingane zisuka phansi. Njengoba emuhle, umsebenzi onjalo uzoletha izikhathi eziningi ezimnandi, ngoba i-stickleback izolokhu ihlasela.
Uhlala kahle emaqandeni amaqanda, izimpethu, izibungu aze agwinye ugwegwe olungenalutho. Ekudobeni ubusika, kusetshenziswa ama-mormysks anemibala yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu. Batshalwe ngesibungu, umhlonyane wegazi noma izimpethu okufanele bakhethe kuzo. Ngemuva kokubanjwa, kufanele kuthungathwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungabeki izikhala ezibukhali.
Kwabadobi abaningi, izinti ezinamandla ziyinhlanzi ekhubazekile. Kodwa-ke, ithola ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni isidlo sekhwalithi ephezulu, uwoyela wezinhlanzi nomanyolo wezinkambu. Abanye abathanda izinhlanzi ze-aquarium bayigijimisa ezitsheni zabo zasekhaya.
Kolyushkovye - mncane, kusuka ku-3.5 kuya ku-20 cm, izinhlanzi zasolwandle nezamanzi amasha we-hemisphere esenyakatho. Umzimba unciphile, uphakeme, ucindezelwe kamuva. I-caudal peduncle mncane, imvamisa ine-carinae ye-lateral.
Zonke izikhala zempi zihlome kakhulu noma zincane kakhulu kokuhlaselwa nokuzivikela. Ngasemuva nasesiswini kukhona izikhala zokugoqa, azikho izikali, kepha ezinhlotsheni eziningi izingxenye zomzimba zimbozwe ngezikhali ezivela kumapuleti amakhulu amathambo. Kunokunamathela ngenombolo yameva noma izinaliti emhlane wabo: Kunamakhomba amathathu, ama-stickleback ayisishiyagalolunye, njll. Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zohlobo, izinhlobo ezingama-7-8 emndenini we-stickleback. Ama-sticklebacks amathathu-spined (Gastersteus) ajwayelekile eYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika (Algeria), North Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Ngaphakathi kwe-USSR, kuhlala uhlobo olulodwa - i-stleleback enezinhlaka ezintathu (Gastersteus aculeatus) .
Umzimba wokunamathisela izinaliti ezintathu uphakeme, ucindezelwe kamuva, ngesiqu esifushane se-caudal. Esikhundleni sezikali, izinhlangothi zomzimba zimbozwe ngamapuleti amathambo, njengegobolondo. Ikhanda likhonjisiwe. Umlomo ulingene, ngosayizi olinganiselayo. Izilimo zokumbila ziqoqeke kugebe elingaphakathi gill, ngaphandle kokwenza amafolda ngapha kwalo. Kunemisipha emithathu emikhulu phambi kwe-dorsal fin. Amaphiko we-ventral aguqulwa abe yimiklamo. Izikhala zomgogodla nezesisu esisezikhundleni eziphakeme zivaliwe nge-latch ekhethekile futhi ziyisikhali esinamandla. Ama-stlebacks anezinhla ezintathu ahlala olwandle nasemanzini amasha, ahlala olwandle avame ukuba makhulu kunamanzi amasha, ahlomile kakhulu, ama-carinae asemuva ohlangothini lwe-caudal athuthukiswe kahle, amapuleti e-bony ezinhlangothini zomzimba akha umugqa ophelele, ngezindlela zamanzi amnandi la mapuleti atholakala kuphela eduze kwekhanda nakuzo iziqu ze-caudal .
Ubude be-stickleback enemikhawulo emithathu oLwandle Olumhlophe bufika ku-9 cm (imvamisa ubude besilisa buba ngu-6.5 cm, insikazi buyi-7.5 cm), kuthi oLwandle iPacific eduze naseKamchatka kukhuphuke kube yi-10-11 cm. Emanzini amasha nasezindaweni eziseningizimu engaphezulu, ubude abuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwezi-4-6 cm.
Umbala uyahluka: Umbala onsundu ngombala wamanzi afudumele nokusuka kwesiliva-okuluhlaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kumnyama ngombala omnyama ngezindlela zasolwandle, kwabasha - isiliva. Entwasahlobo, phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma, isifuba sowesilisa kanye nesisu ziba bomvu okhanyayo, ingemuva liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imisinga emnyama ivela ezinhlangothini zesifazane zensikazi bese kuthi ngaphansi kwesiliva-mhlophe kube ophuzi.
I-stickleback enamaphiko amathathu ihlala kahle olwandle nasemanzini amasha. Kusakazeke kabanzi ogwini lwezingxenye ezisenyakatho ze-Atlantic ne-Pacific Oceans. Kutholakala ogwini lwaseMurman naseLwandle Olumhlophe, kepha kulo lonke ugu lwaseSiberia akunjalo. Kujwayelekile kakhulu ogwini lwaseYurophu kusuka oLwandle Olumnyama nolweMedithera kuye eBaltic, ngasesiQhingini saseForte, e-Iceland, eGreenland, ngasogwini lwaseMelika kusuka eHushson Bay kuya eNew Jersey. KuLwandlekazi iPacific kusuka eBering Strait eningizimu kuya eKorea naseCalifornia.
E-White Sea, i-stickleback enezinhlaka ezintathu iyinhlanzi yasolwandle yangempela yasolwandle. EGulf of Kandalaksha kungekudala nje kokuzulazula kolwandle, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ngamanani amakhulu asondela ogwini. Kwezinye izindawo, ngesikhathi sokusondela kwesisindo se-stleback, amanzi empeleni aphenduka amnyama kusuka kwinqwaba yezinhlanzi eziqhubeka ziwela ogwini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungabamba ithani lezinhlanzi ngesigamu sehora ngentela encane eyilungiswa.
Kuyo yonke inyanga kaJuni, i-stickleback igcwalisa ngokoqobo lonke ugu lwasolwandle futhi igcina iribhoni emincane eduze nolwandle. Ekuqaleni, abesifazane kuphela abasondela ogwini. Maphakathi noJuni, abesilisa bavela, ukwakhiwa kwezidleke nokuqhekeka kuqala. Yize ukwanda kwe-stickleback kunganakwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanzi (kusuka emaqanda angama-65 kuye kwangama-550), kepha ngenxa yokunakekela ngokucophelela inzalo, iphesenti lokusinda kukaFry liphezulu kakhulu. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi grey kuvela, ngo-Agasti agcina imihlambi emahlathini otshani wolwandle, ogwini, futhi akhula ngokushesha. Ngo-Agasti, izinduku zihamba ziye olwandle, izinsikazi ziqale, bese kuba abesilisa, futhi ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba omncane nazo ziyanyamalala. Ngo-Agasti, imihlambi eminingi yokunameka itholakala kulo lonke uLwandle Olumhlophe, ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude nolwandle. Benza ngokweqile, mhlawumbe ngokujula kwe-15- 30 m, lapho izingqimba zamanzi zifudunyezwa khona ehlobo zihlala isikhathi eside.
Ukusakazeka ngobuhlakani kwenzeka phesheya kwezilwandle endaweni esetshenzisiwe futhi emanzini amasha asakazayo emifudlana nemifula. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa banenkani kakhulu futhi ukulwa phakathi kwabo kuvame ukuphela ngokufa: omunye wabaphikisi uvulwa ngokoqobo ngezikhala ezibukhali.
Entwasahlobo, iduna lakha isidleke ngezansi osebeni oluthulile, phakathi kweziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini, lapho kunesikhathi khona samanje, kodwa hhayi esinamandla kakhulu. Uqoqa izigaxa zezitshalo zamanzi kanye nemfucumfucu ehlukahlukene yezitshalo lapho, abophe ngezintambo ezinamathelayo bese ezinamathela ezixolweni zezitshalo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, uhlola isakhiwo sakhe, ngokungathi sizama amandla aso, sihlikihla izinhlangothi saso odongeni, sisule umiyane, osebenza “njengodaka” wokuqedela “igumbi”. Ubuye alethe amatshe amatshe ukulayisha isakhiwo futhi asinike uzinzo.
Ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora angama-2-3 kuphela ukwakha isidleke, kepha kuvame ukuthatha isonto noma ngaphezulu ukwakha. Ubukhulu bezidleke zihluke kakhulu: kwesinye isikhathi isidleke silingana ne-walnut, kodwa futhi singaba inkomishi yetiye elincane. Lapho-ke owesilisa ushayela insikazi esidlekeni. Ngemizuzwana embalwa yokuba sesidlekeni, insikazi ibekela amaqanda afinyelela ku-100. Lapho nje emaka amaqanda, owesilisa uyamkhipha, ahlanganise amaqanda bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana ahambe ayofuna enye insikazi ukufaka amaqanda amaningi esidlekeni esivele sibekwe esidlekeni. Le nqubo iphindwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 kuze kuqoqwe inani elanele lamaqanda, imvamisa amaqanda ayi-150-180. Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa uqapha isidleke, uqhoqhobala wonke umuntu osondela kuyo, ayilungise, ayihlanze futhi ayixhakamise i-caviar, ayisebenzise ngamaphini ayo obuhlalu, adale amanzi amaningi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-8 kuya kumaviki amabili, kuya ngokushisa kwamanzi. Lapho kuvela gazinga, amaduna avele ophahleni lwesidleke, aliguqule libe uhlobo lwesigaxa. Kwesinye isikhathi uyaqhubeka nokunakekela i-fry enye inyanga ngemuva kokuba ebanjiwe, ayigade futhi ayivimbe ukuthi ihlakaze esidlekeni ize ikhule. Kodwa ekugcineni, uyeka ukuba nesithakazelo kubo futhi angadla ngengqondo yenxenye yenzalo yakhe. Kuze kube ekwindla, gazinga gcina imihlambi iselunxwemeni ngamathanga otshani olwandle, bese iya ezindaweni ezijulile.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-stleback esinemikhawulo emithathu siyiminyaka engama-3-4, sifinyelela ekuvuthweni eningizimu ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, futhi oLwandle Olumhlophe kuvame ukuba neminyaka emithathu. I-stickleback iyakwazi ukwenza imisindo yokugaya noma yokukhala.
Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, i-ubiquitous stickleback ayinangqondo futhi imnandi kakhulu. Idla kuma-crustaceans amancane, izibungu zezinambuzane, izibungu, i-caviar kanye gazinga lezinye izinhlanzi. Icala laqashelwa lapho emahoreni angama-5 umuntu othile enamathela ehla izibungu ezingama-74 zombono ngamunye, ubude bawo buyi-6 mm, kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili agwinye angama-62. Ukudla iplankton, kuyinto yokuncintisana ne-herring. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-stleback ngokwayo isebenza njengokudla kwama -fowfowl, izinhlanzi eziningi kanye nezimpawu zoboya. KuLwandle Olumhlophe, ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwezithelo, ikhodi iyayidla. I-White Sea cod ibuye iholele indlela yokuphila ye-pelagic ngalesi sikhathi, ikhuphulela ekuxhashazweni kwayo ebusweni bamanzi. Izisu ze-cod zigcwele i-stickleback. Kamuva, inani elikhulu le-stleback roe liqala ukungena kubo, futhi ngisho nangemva kwalokho, ngoJulayi, gazinga. Izitha zikaFry nazo zikhulu i-jellyfish (i-Cyanea arctica), zitholakale esiswini se-herring.
Ezindaweni eziningi, ameva atheleleka kakhulu yizikelemu. Zingamvikeli ophakathi nendawo wethipeworms (Schistocephalus spp. Kusukela kuCestoda), okuthi, esigabeni sezibungu, zikhule zibe ngamasayizi amakhulu ezinhlakeni zomzimba wezinhlanzi bese ziphenduka zibe ngabantu abadala emathunjini ezinyoni ezidla izinhlanzi.
Kwezokudoba, i-stickleback iyi "fish ukhula" ejwayelekile.Inani lezomnotho lincane, yize amanoni alo engasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, ekuphekeni kanye nasekhiqizweni kwe-linoleum, ama-varnish neminye imikhiqizo. ENgilandi, eHolland, eJalimane, eMpumalanga Jalimane, emazweni aseBaltic, eSweden naseFinland, inani elikhulu le-stleback elibuyelwe kathathu liyabanjwa. Bapheka inyama yenhlanzi kuwo, bancibilikisa amanoni, asetshenziselwa izinjongo zobuchwepheshe, futhi basebenzise ukunamathela kwezinhlanzi ezikhuluphayo emachibini, izinkukhu, amadada, izingulube nomanyolo. Ngesikhathi sokuvinjwa, isobho, amakhekhe ezinhlanzi nezinye izitsha zalungiswa kusuka ku-stickleback kuma-canteens amaningi eLeningrad naseKronstadt. Amafutha ama-stickleback ama-orange agqamile aqukethe cishe ama-5 mg% ama-carotenoids, ukusetshenziswa kwawo ekwelapheni amanxeba kunikeze imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Ogwini lwaseMelika oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, olwandle ukusuka eNewfoundland kuya eCape Cod, ikakhulukazi emanzini asemgodini, kwenzeka i-stickleback enezinhlaka ezimbili (i-Gastersteus wheatlandi), efinyelela kubude be-10cm.
I-stickleback enezimpawu ezine (Apeltes quadracus) evamile olwandle ukusuka eNova Scotia iya eVirginia. Ingena emanzini ancishisiwe, ezitholakala ngezikhathi ezithile emanzini amasha. Alinawo amapuleti amathambo ezinhlangothini zomzimba, isikhumba singenalutho. Idla ikakhulukazi kuma-crankaceans e-planktonic crustaceans. Ifulela kakhulu emanzini amasha, eduze naseNew York kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, nasemanzini abandayo e-Isle of Man kungekudala. Isidleke siyisidala kakhulu ukwedlula isibambo esinamaphimbo amathathu. Ingaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-2,5 ububanzi, i-conical futhi ine-restess ephezulu. Iduna lithatha amaqanda lizifaka emgodini wesidleke. Amaqanda aphuzi, anobubanzi obungu-1.6 mm. Njengokunye okunamathelayo, kunamathela ndawonye kube yinqwaba. Elebhu endaweni yokushisa yama-21 ° C, isikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda cishe izinsuku ezingama-6. Izibungu ezisanda kukhishwa zinobude obungaba ngu-4,5 mm, ziyefana nezibungu zesigaxa esinamaphimbo amathathu, kepha zinemibala engaphezulu.
I-Brood stickleback (i-Culaea inconstaiis) isatshalaliswa emifuleni emincane yesifunda iGreat Lakes of the USA. Unezinhlaka ezi-4-6 (imvamisa ezi-5) phambi kwe-dorsal fin. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-6cm. Lolu hlobo lusebenza kakhulu futhi luningi. Zonke izifudlana zentwasahlobo emaduna entwasahlobo zinengubo ebomvu ekhanyayo, zakha izidleke futhi zibavikele njengabesilisa abene-stleback eline-spine.
Uhlobo lwezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezinamabala ayisishiyagalolunye, noma amancane, (i-Pungitius) luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezine kanye nokubhalwa okuvamile eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika.
Isinamathelisi sezinaliti eziyisishiyagalolunye (R. pungitius) inomzimba omncane onqenqemile onganqunu onenqenqema encanyana ye-caudal kanye ne-snout emfushane; kuphela ku-peduncle ye-caudal lapho i-carinae yamuva ihlanganiswa ngamapuleti amancane we-bony. Izindwangu ze-gill zixhunyiwe futhi zakha isibaya esikhululekile esikhulu kulo lonke i-isthmus. Ngaphambi kwe-dorsal melt-peak kukhona ama-spine amancane ayi-7 kuya ku-6 aqondiswe kuphethini ye-zigzag ngezindlela ezihlukile. Amaphiko we-ventral aguqulwa abe yimiklamo. Ubude bufika ku-9cm, imvamisa i-5-6cm. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, owesilisa uba mnyama ngokuphelele.
I-stickleback enamaphawu ayisishiyagalolunye iyizinhlobo zamanzi asenyakatho nangaphezulu kunalezi zintathu. Ukusatshalaliswa kahle e-Arctic Ocean, eBaltic naseNyakatho yolwandle, akuhambi ngaseningizimu ngaphezu kweCentral Europe neNew Jersey. Sisatshalaliswa olwandle lwePacific kusuka ogwini lwe-Alaska kuya esiQhingini se-Kodiak, emaphethelweni olwandle iBering ne-Okhotsk Seas, kuphela izingosi zase-China (P. pungitius sinensis) kanye ne-Sakhalin subspecies (P. pungitius tymensis) ezitholakala eningizimu.
Izimpilo zihlala ikakhulu emanzini amasha, kodwa futhi zenzeka emanzini ayizigaxa zamachibi nokugcoba. E-White sea basin spawns ngoJuni - Agasti. Njengamanye ama-sticklebacks, izinsikazi eziningana zibekela amaqanda azo esidlekeni esifanayo. Ukuqhekeka kwazo kuhlukaniswe; inzalo amaqanda angama-350-960. Iduna lakha isidleke futhi livikele i-caviar ekhulayo.
Ngokungafani ne-stleback enemigqa emithathu, uhlela isidleke esihlahleni sezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, hhayi emhlabathini. Ogwini lwe-Atlantic lwaseNyakatho Melika, le nduku ibizwa ngokuthi inaliti eyishumi.
Indawo eseningizimu ye-stickleback (R. platygaster) ihlala ezindaweni ezinqunyelwe oLwandle Olumnyama, Azov nolweCaspian nasezindaweni eziphansi zemifula egeleza kulezi zilwandle. Kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, kwakha amafomu amaningi endawo. Ubude bawo obujwayelekile ngu-3.5-55 cm cm, kwesinye isikhathi kufika ku-7 cm. Akukho-keel kwesiqu se-caudal. Ukubhaliswa kwaso - i-Aral stickleback (R. platygaster aralensis) kutholakala olwandle i-Aral, izindawo eziphansi zeSyr Darya, Amu Darya neChu.
Ulwandle, noma i-snouted ende, i-stickleback (Spinachia spinachia) Inomzimba omfishane, omise okomjiko, omude, omude kakhulu, onesihluthu esinezinhlangothi ezinhlanu ngaphambili, isiqu somsila mude, mncane. Ngasemuva kunama-spine amancane ayi-14-16. Ama-dorsal and anal fins amafushane, ama-5-8 cm. Ukusuka phezulu kokuvulelwa gill kuya emsileni kudlula uhide lwemikhaza yethambo ebunjiwe. Umugqa we-dorsal of scute uqala ngemuva kwekhanda, ubhasikidi cishe ngokushesha, ugijime ngazo zombili izinhlangothi eceleni kwesisekelo semithambo ye-dorsal kanye ne-Fin, bese ujoyina uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwe-caudal peduncle. Isikali esifanayo sitholakala ngaphansi kwesisekelo se-anal fin nangaphansi kwe-caudal peduncle. Isiqu sangemuva nesomsila ngombala onsundu, izinhlangothi zigolide. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, umbala wesilisa uphenduka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubude bufika ku-17- 20cm.
Kuvamile ngasogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Yurophu kusuka e-Bay of Biscay kuya eNyakatho yeNorway, oLwandle iBaltic kuya eGhuba LaseFinland. Lesi sinamathelisi siyinhlanzi yasolwandle yasolwandle. Ukuphila ogwini olunamadwala futhi kugcina kukodwa kunamanye ameva, akuqoqani emhlambini.
Esiduna sakha kusuka esidlekeni se-alga esidlekeni somuntu esilingana nenqindi lowesilisa, sidonsa ndawonye izinqubo ezithunyelwa ngemicu emhlophe, bese sishayela insikazi lapho, ebeka amaqanda. Amaqanda anombala we-Amber onesilinganiso esingu-2mm. Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwefry ngamaviki angama-3-4. Owesilisa uvikela isidleke sakhe futhi unakekela amaqanda abekwe kuwo, awukhiphe umoya, adale ukugeleza kwamanzi, njll.
Ngasogwini lweGreat Britain, i-stickleback ibonakala inomjikelezo wempilo yonyaka owodwa.
Esikhundleni se-fa, i-stickleback encane ene-spikes emhlane wayo ivame ukudidaniswa nokuncibilika okuhlala endaweni esenyakatho ye-hemisphere. Amagama kuphela alezi zinhlanzi ahlanganisiwe, kodwa indlela yawo yokuphila ihluke kakhulu.
Ukusabalala kwe-stleback okusakazeke kathathu
Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala emanzini angenamanzi amasha kanye nemizimba yamanzi kasawoti etholakala enyakatho hemisphere. ISpikes ihlala oLwandle Olumhlophe, eduze kweNovaya Zemlya kanye neNhlonhlo yeKola. Izinti ezinamaphazili amathathu anezindawo zokugcina ezihlala eBaltic, kuya oLwandle Olumnyama nolweMedithera. Le nhlobo ihlala eMelika isuka eNew York iya eGreenland. EMpumalanga Ekude, zisatshalaliswa zisuka eKorea ziye eBering Strait. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlanzi zitholakala eJapan naseKuril Islands.
Inani lokubambelela emvelweni nakubantu
Ama-sticklebacks ane-spined amathathu ayizinhlanzi eziqhakaza kakhulu, awadli kuphela i-fry yawo, kepha futhi nefry yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zokugcina ezihlala ezindongeni, inani labanye abantu lincipha kakhulu. Futhi uma unikezwe ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi ezingenakudalwa ezingaphila emanzini amasha, anosawoti, imifudlana kanye nezixhaphozi, ungacabanga ukuthi zisusa ngokushesha kangakanani ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuchitheka, ama-sticklebacks asakazeka emizimbeni emisha, lapho angena khona ngokushesha.
I-stickleback enamaphiko amathathu inomzimba ophakeme kakhulu, ocindezelwe kamuva, ophansi kakhulu ubheke kufenisha ye-caudal. Amachaphaza amachashaza nez anal
kuguqulwe emuva komzimba futhi kutholakala ngaphansi komunye nomunye. Ama-spine ama-3-4 aqine ahlala abekwa phambi kwe-dorsal fin, umgogodla owodwa endaweni ngayinye ye-ventral. Zifakelwe indlela ekhethekile yokukhiya, ngenxa yokuthi zigxiliwe endaweni eqondile futhi musa ukugoqa ngisho nangaphansi kwengcindezi enamandla emlonyeni womhlaseli. I-stickleback ayinazikali, esikhundleni salokho, umzimba wabantu abaningi uvikelwe ngokuthembekile ngamapuleti noma izihlangu eziseceleni. Ngokuya ngezinga lokuthuthuka kwamapuleti emzimbeni, izinhlobo ezintathu zamakhompiyutha ziyahlukaniswa: ifomu lapho umugqa wenqwaba yamapuleti welula imeyili kuwo wonke umzimba, trachurus ukubizwa okunenombolo encane yamapuleti kuthiwa i-leiurus futhi okuphakathi phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili i-semiarmatus. Ama-spikes ayivelakancane futhi ngokuvamile awanawo amapuleti emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalawa mapuleti, abantu abaningi bane-keel yamapuleti amancane ku-caudal stem. Ingenzeka kunhlobo ngayinye yalezi zindlela ezintathu, kepha ayitholakali emasakeni amathathu ezinaliti ngaphandle kwamapuleti emzimbeni. Zonke izinhlobo zama-sticklebacks njengamanje ziwudaba lwezifundo eziningi ngezinkinga zefa lenani lamapuleti, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinga lokuthuthuka kwamapuleti nensinjana, kanye nokuxhomekeka kwalezi zinhlaka ekucindezelweni kwabazingeli abahlukahlukene emizimbeni yamanzi.
Umbala womzimba ku-stickleback uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwechibi nesikhathi, futhi ushintsho esikhathini sokuzala. Ebusika, izinti eziseceleni nesisu esihlala olwandle zimhlophe-ngesiliva, ingemuva nangaphezulu lekhanda liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ehlobo emuva kwekhanda nesihloko somzimba kuze kufike emugqeni we-lateral kukhona grey. Ameva anamanzi ahlanzekile avela emachibini anamanzi amnyama noma aneziminyaminya ezinotshani onesibani sokukhanya kwesisu kanye nomhlane omnyama (onsundu noma oluhlaza), amabala amnyama asabalale emzimbeni. Kwamanye amadamu kukhona nezinhlanzi ezimnyama ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokusakazeka, izinsikazi ezinamathele ziba zinhle kakhulu. Umhlane uthola umbala obabazekayo, umzimba uphonsa ngesiliva, nesisu, izindebe, izihlathi nesisekelo sezikhwanyana kancane kancane ziba bomvu bese ekugcineni zifinyelela umbala obomvu okhanyayo, we-cinnabar. Amehlo adwetshwe ngopende we-azure noma we-lilac-blue. Kwamanye amachibi, abesilisa abaqabulayo baba mnyama. Kwabesifazane, isembatho sokuzalelisa sivezwa buthaka: amabala amnyama ahlukahlukene agqamile esimilo sombumbulu avela emhlane ogqamile, aphonswe nge-sheen yensimbi, kanti izinhlangothi ziphuzi. Ama-spikes afinyelela usayizi ongu-11-12 cm, kaningi izinhlanzi ziba ngu-4-6 cm ubude.
I-stickleback enamaphiko amathathu isakazeke emaphethelweni asenyakatho yolwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific. EYurophu, ihlala eNovaya Zemlya, uLwandle Olumhlophe, iNhlonhlo yeKola ne-Iceland kuya olwandle iMedithera nolwandle Olumnyama, futhi ikuLwandle iBaltic. EMelika, kuhlala amadamu okusuka eGreenland kuye eNew York. Itholakala ogwini lwePacific ukusuka eBering Strait iya eKorea, iseziqhingini zaseKuril naseJapan, ogwini lwaseMelika - ukusuka e-Alaska kuye eSouthern California. Emanzini aseRussia, kuvamile engxenyeni yaseYurophu (ngaphandle kwesikebhe solwandle i-Caspian) nasezindaweni zamanzi zesigodi sePacific.
Ngendlela yokuphila, izilwane zasolwandle, amanzi acwebile nezinduku zokufuduka ziyahlukaniswa. Ifomu lasolwandle lihlala ezindaweni ezigudle ulwandle futhi zizalela emanzini angajulile ngosawoti kuze kufike ku-20-25 ppm. Leli fomu siyaziwa ngalo sisuka eKandalaksha Bay oLwandle Olumhlophe. Spikes zivame ukuba zikhulu kunamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ahlomile kangcono, ngoba umshini wokuphrinta unamandla kakhulu emanzini olwandle. Kodwa-ke, umbono wokuthi lesi sinamatheliso esinezintambo ezintathu sivikelekile ngokuthembekile kwabazingela ngezigxobo zaso namapuleti kugcwele ngokweqile. Uma kukhona ezinye izisulu ezingenazo izixhobo echibini, izinyamazane zivame ukukugwema ukunamathela, kodwa hhayi njalo. Kunezimo lapho ama-pikes akhetha ngokukhethekile i-stickleback echibini, yize kwakukhona izinhlanzi ze-carp ezingaphezu kwenele. Kwisidleke esikhulu esinomlomo ovuleke kakhulu, izingalo ze-stickleback akuyona inkinga ethile. Futhi ezinye izinambuzane ezidla izinhlanzi ezincane (izibungu zamadrakole, amabhungane amanzi), kunalokho, zithanda ngisho nezinduku ezihlomile, okulula ukuba zibambe futhi zibambe ngameva kunokugaya ngomzimba obushelelezi nothambelayo.
Ama-sticklebacks adlulayo ahlala olwandle, kepha azalanise esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo emanzini amasha - imifudlana, imifula kanye namachibi. Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa, abantu abadala bayafa noma babuyela olwandle nasebusika eduze nasogwini noma kude nabo ngaphezu kokujula okukhulu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izingane zibuye zingene olwandle. Kuyakhonjiswa ukuthi amafomu asolwandle nawodlulayo angadlula komunye nomunye. Ngokusobala, lezo zinamathelazo ezazingenasikhala esanele ezindaweni zokungena kwamanzi amasha ezazitholakala olwandle. Ama-sticklebacks amanzi ahlanzekile ahlala futhi azalela emanzini ahlanzekile ngaphandle kokuya olwandle, noma ngabe i-reservoir yamanzi amnandi ayihlukanisiwe nayo. Izilwane ezincane ezinhlobonhlobo zidla ngokunamathisela: ama-invertebrates angaphezulu wamaphasi wamanzi, ama-diatoms, izibungu zezinambuzane, izibungu, izinhlwayi zezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ezincane, izinambuzane nezinambuzane zomoya. Ukubonakaliswa kokudla okunempilo echibini ngalinye kuncike ekutholakaleni kokudla kwezinkathi zonyaka ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-stickleback aqala ukuvama ngo-Ephreli-Agasti, kuye ngezimo zokushisa nezokukhanya sedaki. ENingizimu California, abantu abazalanayo batholakala unyaka nonyaka. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ihlume, owesilisa uzikhethela indawo ezansi abambe umgodi lapho. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho eseqoqe amabala amancane otshani noma enye into yesitshalo emlonyeni wakhe, ulayini yangaphansi yefossa nabo, ayilayishe futhi ayifafaze ngomsipha okhiqizwe izinso futhi
kuvikelwe ukuvulwa kwezitho zangasese. Lapho-ke owesilisa wakha ngendlela efanayo nodonga oluseceleni lwesidleke, bese kuba khona i-arch. Emva kwalokho, uhlela isidleke ngokuhlelekile, asinike ukwakheka okuvame kakhulu, okucishe kube yisiyingi, anwebe isingenisi futhi abusheleleze emaphethelweni. Ngaso leso sikhathi, owesilisa udonsa ngokucophelela kude nesidleke zonke izinambuzane nezinye izinhlanzi. Imvamisa uhlasela umfokazi ngokujikijela okuqondile bese kuthi, uma engabaleki, amlume noma, abambe umsila wakhe, amhudule endaweni aqashelwe yona. Ngesikhathi sokuqina nabantu bohlobo lwabo, izivini zemvamisa azivamisile ukusetshenziswa.
Ukuze kwakhiwe izidleke ze-stickleback, indawo engaxuxu kakhulu yemizimba yamanzi enziwe ngamanzi afudumele nangobala, kukhethwa ubukhona bezimila ezifile nenhlabathi ethambile. Imvamisa, izidleke zitholakala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-20-50. Abesifazane ababambiqhaza emsebenzini futhi basondela esidlekeni kuphela esigabeni sokugcina sokwakha. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uyeka ukusabela ngokufutheka kwabesifazane, njengabafokazi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Lapho kuvela insikazi, isondela kuye, idanisa “zigzag”: uchungechunge lokugxumela kuye nokuphuma kowesifazane. Ukugxuma ngakunye kusuka kowesifazane kufanekisela isimemo kuye esidlekeni, futhi ukugxumagxila kowesifazane kuyingxenye yokuziphatha ngokuhlukumeza kowesilisa. Kulokhu, umlomo wesilisa uvulekile, ameva aqonde. Owesifazane ovuthiwe uthatha isici sekhanda eliyisici ukuphendula lo mdanso. Owesilisa ubhukuda esidlekeni, adonse insikazi ahambe nayo, ayikhombise nendlela yokungena esidlekeni. “Amabhuleki” besifazane lapho engena esidlekeni, asunduza ngokushesha ezinhlangothini. Ngemuva kokuba insikazi igwinye amaqanda, iduna lifaka masinyane lixoshe insikazi endaweni yokudla isidleke. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa udlulela emisebenzini yabazali: uphonsa amaqanda avundisiwe ajuluke esidlekeni, awunqobele phansi, awenze kahle, abeke phansi isidleke bese emisa umnyango ukuze ingxenye elandelayo yamaqanda ingabeki ngqo kulokho okwedlule, kepha kufakwe uthayela ngokuqondene neyokuqala. Sonke lesi sikhathi, owesilisa uvame ukufaka umoya esidlekeni ngokunyakaza kwamaphiko we-pectoral. Ngalesi sikhathi, unolaka kakhulu futhi akabanaki abobulili obuhlukile. Kepha, ngemuva kwesikhathi esingaba ihora, eseqedile umsebenzi wakhe, owesilisa uphinde abuyele othandweni futhi kungakapheli usuku angaqoqa imfucumfucu engafika ku-6-7 esidlekeni.
Ngemuva kokuba isidleke sigcwaliswe ngokuphelele, izinsikazi ziyeka ukuba nentshisekelo kowesilisa, futhi uzinikela ngokuphelele ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Isuka esidlekeni ibanga nje elifushane futhi iyiqaphe ngomhawu kuzo zonke izitha, ikhipha umoya ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukha nokudla amaqanda afile. Lo nogada uthatha izinsuku eziyi-10-14, kuze kube yilapho izinhlanzi zokugcina ezibanjiwe zishiya isidleke. Esikhathini esingangesonto iduna linakekela izingane ezincane ezintantayo, zizama ukumgcina ndawonye esidlekeni.
Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ezigabeni zezidleke zabesilisa abahlukile. Enye ekhonza, kuye ngobukhulu besifazane, ingaqukatha amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-400, kanye ne-fecundity ephelele ngesizini - kuze kufike kumaqanda ayi-1400. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, abesilisa nabesifazane bangabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-10. Kwezinye izakhamuzi, emva kokuhlakazwa kokuqala, iningi labantu liyafa. Ngokuvamile, ama-sticklebacks aphila iminyaka engu-1-5, kepha ngokuvamile ayi-2-3 iminyaka. Abaningi babo, kufaka phakathi izingane, baba yizisulu zezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene ezidliwayo nezinye izilwane, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane nezinyoni.
Inani ledobi lokubuyiselwa emuva kwe-stleback eline-spice lincane. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza ufulawa wefishi namafutha asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ukwelapha amanxeba nokushiswa.
Izinti ezinamathele eziyisishiyagalolunye zitholakala emanzini ethu, lapho phambi kwendawo ephakeme kunamaphinifa angama-7-12 (kuyaqabukela kweyi-6 noma i-13) aqondiswe ezinkombeni ezihlukile. Kulezi zinhlobo, kunabile kakhulu inaliti eziyisishiyagalolunye noma encane, ukunamathela emuva(Pungitius pungitius), ngihlala esiqhingini kanye nemizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile ezwekazi namanzi asolwandle asolwandle i-Arctic Ocean basin nezingxenye ezisenyakatho zolwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific. Ezweni lethu, lolu hlobo lukhona kuphela ezingxenyeni zoLwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian; ogwini lwePacific, umkhondo onamaphaphu ayisishiyagalolunye ufinyelela emlonyeni woMfula i-Amur futhi utholakala kulo lonke iSakhalin, esiQhingini saseShantar naseKuril. Uhlobo lwayo lwe-semi-aisle luhlala engxenyeni engaselwandle yolwandle, futhi lusakazeka emalondolozeni amadala nasezinkalweni, noma lukhuphuke emanzini amasha. Iziduna zakha isidleke kusuka kuzimila, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwedamu, kodwa ngaphezu komhlaba phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu esidlekeni se-caviar, iduna lakha isidleke sesibili esisendaweni engenhla kwesokuqala - "isigaxa" sezibungu. Uhlobo olusondele lwamanzi ahlanzekile luhlala eSakhalin - i-Sakhalin stickleback enemigqa eyisishiyagalolunye (P. tymensis). Ukhetha amadamu amile noma imifula enesimo esibuthakathaka samanje, esigcwele kakhulu imifino, lapho enza khona impilo yokuzifihla. IsiShayina, noma i-Amur, ukunamathela emuva okunemigqa eyisishiyagalolunye (P. sinensis) etholakala ogwini lwePacific lwase-Asia ukusuka entshonalanga yeKamchatka iye eKorea naseBohai Bay eChina, eziqhingini zaseShantar, eKuril naseJapan naseSakhalin. Lokhu kuyizinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile akhetha izidumbu zamanzi nge-enethiwekhi esibuthakathaka. Kuzo zonke izinsikazi ezinamaphoyinti ayisishiyagalolunye, ngesikhathi sokuhluma, abesilisa baba ngamalahle amnyama ngamabala abomvu amhlophe, futhi kuphela eningizimu eseningizimu izinduku(P. platygaster), evamile emigodini yeBlack, Caspian ne-Aral
ulwandle, ukuqhakaza kukhanya kuphela indawo engemuva yesisu, ibheke kowesifazane, lapho owesilisa emholela esidlekeni. Indawo yaseningizimu yasesiteji ihlala ezigugwini ezingenamkhawulo zasolwandle kanye namabhishi olwandle, amachibi amasha, imifula nemifudlana futhi iphila impilo yokuzifihla emithonjeni yemifino eminyene, lapho abesilisa bezakhela izidleke zabo.
KuLwandle iBaltic, kukhona nenduku yolwandle, noma i-snout ende, evamile entshonalanga ye-Atlantic (ukusuka eNorway iya eBay of Biscay). (Spinachia spinachia). Izinhlobo ezithile zalolu hlobo zitholakala eLuga Bay. Le nhlanzi, efinyelela kubude obungu-15-20 cm, inomzimba omude kakhulu onenombolo enkulu (40-42) yamapuleti akamuva. Ngaphezu komugqa we-lateral, kunenqwaba yezikali zamathambo ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi zengxenye yomzimba, eyakha ithala eliqinile lomzimba emsileni. Imidumba ye-Dorsal imvamisa i-15, iqondiswa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Le ndleline ihlala emanzini olwandle kusawoti osuka ku-5 kuya ku-35 ppm, futhi ibhubha emanzini amasha. Iduna lakha isidleke phakathi kolwelwe engxenyeni yolwandle.
Kuhlala amanzi eRussia kanye nommeleli womunye umndeni wePimperous - gerbils-iDemo emfishane (Hypoptychidae). I-gerbil enezinhlaka ezimfishane (Hypoptychus dybowskii) kusabalele oLwandle lwaseJapan, engxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, esiqhingini saseShikotan nasogwini olusenyakatho lweJapan oLwandlekazi iPacific. Le yinhlanzi encane (efinyelela ku-9.5 cm) ubude enomzimba omude onqunu ngokuphelele ogcwele imichilo enamabala amancane amnyama. Akanawo maphiko we-ventral, kepha ama-dorsal ne-anal adluliselwa emsileni womzimba futhi akhiwe ngaphansi komunye nomunye. Inhlansi ye-caudal ifakwe imfoloko, amehlo makhulu, umlomo onomhlathi ophansi oqubukayo. Phakathi nendawo yesisu, ukusuka kumaphini we-pectoral kuya ku-anus, kunesibambo sesikhumba esibonakala kahle. Le nhlobo ihlala kwikholamu yamanzi ezansi, ekujuleni kwamanzi, lapho igcinwa khona emihlanjini emincane.
Izinhlanzi. - M: I-Astrel. E.D. I-Vasilieva. 1999.
Isichazamazwi se-Encyclopedic F.A. UBrockhaus no-I-A.A. I-Efrona Animal Life
UKUXHUMANA IZILWANE - Zonke izilwane kufanele zithole ukudla, zivikele, zigade imingcele yensimu, zifune abalingani bezokwandelana, zinakekele inzalo. Konke lokhu bekungeke kwenzeke uma kungekho zinhlelo nezindlela zokuxhumana, noma zokuxhumana, izilwane ... ... ... IColfer's Encyclopedia
Indlela yokuphila
Umhlaseli ngeke abizwe ngokuthi uyisakhamuzi. Uziphatha ngolaka impela. Ukuze izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zingadli ezinye izakhamizi zase-aquarium, udinga ukuyibeka nezihlobo.
I-Pufferfish ithanda ukucasha emthunzini. Ziyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku. Izinhlanzi ze-Hedgehog zivame ukucasha e-algae. Uma kunemihume e-aquarium, ibhukuda ingene kuyo.
I-Tetradon iba isilungele ukuzala uma isineminyaka eyi-1. Kungcono ukungabeki abesilisa abangu-2 echibini elilodwa, njengoba ukulwela insimu kuzoqala. Ukukhiqiza kabusha ngempumelelo, tshala i-algae, i-Hornwort noma i-cryptocoryne. Ukuvuselela ukuqhuma, iPufferfish idliswa ngeminenke nenyama. Abantu bazalanisa ekushiseni kwama- + 28 degrees.
Inhlanzi yeHedgehog kufanele ibekwe e-aquarium nezihlobo, ngoba ingadla ezinye izinhlanzi
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani i-tetradon yowesifazane kowesilisa. Owesifazane mkhulu, ukhiphe amabala emzimbeni. Ekuqaleni kokuhlakazeka, owesilisa uxosha insikazi. Uma engaziphathi ngolaka, umbhangqwana ubhukuda ubheke ezansi futhi ucashe ngemuva kwe-algae obukhulu.
Izici zokuziphatha
Ama-sticklebacks ahlala emizimbeni emikhulu yamanzi (ulwandle) athanda ukuba nendlela yokuphila eyedwa, cishe ngaphandle kokuhlangana nabafowabo.
Njengoba bengabazingeli bodwa, bakhetha ukufihla okungaphezu kokuzingela obala, benethemba lokuphamba bebhukuda eduze.
Ezindaweni ezisogwini lolwandle, izinhlanzi zibuthana ezikoleni phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela, nezinyanga eziyi-9 ukuya kwe-10 - inkululeko ephelele yokuhamba olwandle.
Izikhala zamanzi ahlanzekile zinhlobo oluhlukile lokuziphatha - zifundisa izinhlanzi futhi azihambi kude nobubanzi bazo. Bancamela ukuba seduze nogu lolwandle, lapho kunendawo eningi yokudla.
Ungayibamba kanjani i-stickleback?
Inhlanzi ijwayelekile ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina futhi ayinayo inani elikhethekile lezimboni.
Kubagadli-babadobi, akuwona umgomo okhethekile, kepha kulabo abathanda ukuhlala ngasosebeni - ukubamba okuhle, ngoba i-stickleback iyisidlakudla futhi ingakwazi ukugoba konke.
I-stickleback ibanjwa kokubili kugiya le-feeder nakwigiya lokuntanta. Into esemqoka ukuthi kukhona isiheho - isibungu noma izimpethu. Ebusika, ubhekisisa ngabomvu ama-marmushe tackle kanye nezibungu zegazi.
Kwezinye izimo, ngokuzithandela uthatha izilwane "ezikhanyayo" noma "ngefuthi encane".