Ama-Parantodons - ama-dinosaurs ayehlala enkathini ye-Jurassic ngasekuqaleni kwenkathi yeCretaceous, okungukuthi, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-145-130 edlule. Igama "parantodon" lisho ukuthi "Izinyo lifana nembali." Amazinyo alesi dinosaur afana kahle nembali eqhakaza ngesimo.

Okokuqala, izinsalela ze-parantodon (okungukuthi, izingcezwana zomhlathi ezinamazinyo ambalwa) zatholakala ngonyaka we-1929 eSouth Africa (South Africa Republic). Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi la ma-dinosaurs ayehlala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi lanamuhla lase-Afrika.

Isikhathi eside ngemuva kokutholwa kwezinsalela ze-parantodon, bekungathathwa njengedayinaso, kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1979, lapho kutholakala izingcezwana ezigcwele zamathambo ezifuywayo, ososayensi bayibeka njengedayinaso.

Ubude be-parantodon babungaba amamitha ayi-5. Wayenekhanda elincane kakhulu, kusukela kulo lonke emuva kuze kube sesipheni somsila welula umugqa wamapuleti noma izinhlayiya zamathambo, ezazisebenza njengendlela yokuzivikela kubazingeli.

Igama elithi parantodon lihunyushwe ngokuthi "Kuyafana ne-Antodon"

I-Parantodon ingesinye sezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu ze-stegosaurus, okuyo okungezakho emndenini ofanayo we-stegosaurs. Abamele umndeni wakwa-stegosaurus kwakungamadayinisi e-herbivorous ayenamakhanda amancane, futhi emzimbeni bekukhona amapuleti amaningi noma umgogodla. Badlula ngasemuva besuka entanyeni besiya ekugcineni komsila.

UParantodon wayehlala eningizimu ye-Afrika ekupheleni kwenkathi yeJurassic. IParantodon ngo-1929 ayizange ihlukaniswe njengedayinaso ngenxa yokushoda kwamathambo, ngoba ekuqaleni kwatholakala ingxenye yomhlathi onamazinyo kuphela. Lokhu kwasebenza njengesisekelo sokumnika igama elithi "Parantodon" ngonyaka we-1978, kodwa ekuqaleni kwahlukaniswa njenge-ankylosaurus.

Ngo-1979, kwatholakala ezinye izinsalela zale dayinaso, ezazivumela ukuhlukanisa i-parantodon njenge-stegosaurus.

Ukulahleka Kwezwe

Ama-parantodons angama-dinosaurs ayehlala esikhathini sekwephuzile kwe-Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, okungukuthi, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-145-130 edlule. Igama "parantodon" lisho ukuthi "Izinyo lifana nembali." Amazinyo alesi dinosaur afana kahle nembali eqhakaza ngesimo.

Okokuqala, izinsalela ze-parantodon (okungukuthi, izingcezwana zomhlathi ezinamazinyo ambalwa) zatholakala ngonyaka we-1929 eSouth Africa (South Africa Republic). Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi la ma-dinosaurs ayehlala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi lanamuhla lase-Afrika.

Isikhathi eside ngemuva kokutholwa kwezinsalela ze-parantodon, bekungathathwa njengedayinaso, kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1979, lapho kutholakala izingcezwana ezigcwele zamathambo ezifuywayo, ososayensi bayibeka njengedayinaso.

Ubude be-parantodon babungaba amamitha ayi-5. Wayenekhanda elincane kakhulu, kusukela kulo lonke emuva kuze kube sesipheni somsila welula umugqa wamapuleti noma izinhlayiya zamathambo, ezazisebenza njengendlela yokuzivikela kubazingeli.

Umlando wokutadisha

Uhlobo luchazwe nguRichard Owen ngonyaka ka-1876, owamphatha kabi ngedayinaso ngoba wamkhomba ngesikhumba esifanayo se-Lower Cretaceous stegosaurus. Kamuva, ngo-1912, uRobert Broome wakwazi ukwahlukanisa idayinaso nezinto zesikhathi sePermian, kwathi ngo-1929, uFranz Nopcha waqamba kabusha idayinaso I-Paranthodon (kufana ne-anododon).

Phambilini, izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane zazifakwa kuhlobo, kodwa zonke, ngaphandle kwaleyo ekhonjiswe ngezansi, zazincishiswa kumagama wokuvumelanisa:

• Anchion chlynoviensis Efremov 1940 - eDeltavjatia rossicus (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937)
• I-Anthodon gregoryi Broom, 1930 - e-Pareiasaurus serridens Owen
• I-Anthodon minusculus Haughton, 1932 - in Anrionus serrarius
• Anchion nesemanni Umshanelo 1940 - ePareiasaurus serridens Owen
• I-Anthodon rossicus Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937 - eDeltavjatia rossicus (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937)

Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi yePaleobiology Database, kusukela ngoSepthemba 2019, okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezifakiwe kulolu hlobo lwezinhlobo Anrionus serrarius U-Owen, ngo-1876.

Siyini lesi sifo?

I-Periodontitis inemvelo yokuvuvukala, futhi ihlanganisa i-periodontium. Izinsini ziyavutha, ziqale ukopha, kanti kwezinye izikhathi, amazinyo aqala ukuphuma.

Isifo se-Periodontal singaba yi-periodontitis kanye nesifo se-periodontal. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi: isifo se-periodontal sicaphukisa izinqubo ze-alveolar, futhi asivuthi ngokwemvelo.

Umehluko: i-periodontitis, isifo se-periodontal kanye ne-gingivitis

Izimbangela ze-periodontitis zingaba:

• Ukuhlanzeka ngomlomo okungalungile. I-Plaque iyingozi kakhulu empilweni yamazinyo nezinsini. Uma ungawususi njalo ngokuxubha amazinyo akho, uqala ukukhula, uqinise, uguqukele ku-tartar. Le nkinga ayinakuthinta kuphela abantu abangayinaki inhlanzeko yomlomo yansuku zonke, kepha futhi bathola isixubho esisezingeni eliphansi, i-amazinyo, noma i-rinse Aid
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okunganele ezinsinini. I-Periodontitis ivame ukuthinta abantu ababhemayo. Intuthu emikhiqizweni kagwayi iqukethe izinto eziqinisa imithambo yolwelwesi lwamafinyila lomlomo wesibeletho, ikwenze ube brittle. Ukugeleza kwegazi okunganele ezinsungwini kungabangelwa nawukungabikho kwemithamo yokuhlafuna, uma umuntu ethanda ukudla ukudla okuthambile,
• Ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba. Isithombe esinjalo singasungulwa ngokudla okungenakulinganiswa, lapho inani elanele lemifino, izithelo, inhlanzi, inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi olunomuncu. Uma ukondla okunjalo kuvamile, izinqubo ze-metabolic ezisezinsini ziyaphazamiseka kancane kancane, okuvusa ukubukeka kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala, i-periodontitis.

Ikhodi ye-ICD-10

Lesi sifo sinekhodi elandelayo ye-ICD-10:

• K05.2 I-Acute periodontitis,
• K05.3 I-periodontitis engapheli.

Ngokuhamba kwesifo, i-periodontitis ihlukaniswe:

• umunyu . Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu isifo se-periodontal, kuvusa izinhlungu ezinzima, izinsini ezopha igazi. Izinkinga zingavela, ezingamabala ezinsini,
• ezingamahlalakhona . Lesi sifo sithinta i-periodontium kancane, ekuqaleni ngaphandle kokuzibonakalisa. Uma esigabeni sokuqala ungaqali ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwalesi sifo, i-pathology izothinta izingqimba ezingezansi ze-periodontium, ngemuva kwalokho kuzoba nzima ukuselapha. Le ndlela ye-periodontitis ingenzeka ngezinkinga ezivusa ukungatheleleki komuntu kokumzimba, kumenze abe sengozini yezifo eziyingozi zemvelaphi ethelelekile.

Ngokuphathelene nokwenziwa kwasekhaya kwenqubo ye-periodontitis kwenzeka:

• okwasendaweni -unomthombo wemvelaphi,
• okwenziwe ngokujwayelekile - Ukukhula ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezimbili ze-pathogenic: ukutheleleka okuthinta izifo ezitholakala ngezikhathi ezithile, nokwenza buthaka ukungavikeleki komuntu, ngenxa yalokho ongeke akwazi ukumelana nakho.

Izimpawu

Kunezici ezizosiza ukuqaphela i-periodontitis.

I-Periodontitis: isithombe

Izimpawu eziphambili ze-periodontitis:

• Ukwanda kwezinsini zokuphuma kwegazi,
• Ukulunywa, imizwa eqabulayo ngaphansi kwezinsini,
• Umoya omubi, osasala ngisho ngemuva kokuxubha amazinyo akho,
• Ukushintsha umbala we-mucous membranes eduze kwamazinyo,
• Ukuba khona kwe-tartar koqweqwe lwawo,
• Ukuhamba kwamazinyo.

Ngefomu elingapheli:

• izinsini ziyavutha, ukuvuvukala,
• ulwelwesi lwama-mucous lube lubomvu ngokucebile,
• amaphakethe wesikhathi esithile avela athi ukuzibandakanya okucashile,
• izinsini zinobuhlungu obungenakubekezelelwa, ziyahlasimulisa umzimba,
• umuntu uba buthaka, uvame ukuba nokushisa komzimba okuphezulu.

Ungaphatha kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-periodontitis kukhethwe udokotela wamazinyo noma i-orthodontist.

Ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa kwezinsini

Ukwelashwa kwenzeka:

• sendawo:
• umuthi
• ukuhlinzwa
• i-orthopedic
• ukwelashwa ngomzimba,
• ejwayelekile.

I-Vector ihlanze i-tartar, i-plaque ngaphansi kwezinsini, ezikhuthaza ukubonakala kwama-microorganisms we-pathogenic. Idivayisi ayithinti indawo yezimpande, ukuze izinyo nezinsini zivikeleke ekulimaleni.

Ukulungiselela

• Ama-antiseptics neqhaza ekuqedeni kwamagciwane we-pathogenic abangela ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo,
• Mouthwash elenza ukuvuselelwa okwengeziwe, kanye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwezinsini,
• I-Hypertonic Ukuqeda izinqubo zokuvuvukala, ukuqubuka kolwelwesi lwe-mucous emlonyeni,
• Ama-Adsorbents neqhaza ku-adsorption ye-microflora ye-pathogenic, ukuqedwa kokudakwa komzimba wonke, kanye nokuvuvukala kwezinsini. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zilethwa ephaketheni le-periodontal,
• Enzymes , ukuhlukanisa izicubu ze-necrotic, kanye nokwenza inqubo i-redox inqubo ibe yjwayelekile. Zingeniswa emaphaketheni we-periodontal zisebenzisa ama-turundas acinene, ngaphambili ahlanganiswa nesixazululo se-isotonic. Inkambo yokwelashwa isukela ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa,
• I-immunostimulatory ezinegalelo ekubuyiselweni kwamasosha omzimba womuntu, ongakwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka.

Ukwelapha ekhaya

Basho ukuthi ukwelashwa ngemithi yesintu yikhona okusebenzayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izindlela zomuthi wendabuko, udinga ukubonana nochwepheshe.

Kukhona izindlela zokupheka zasekhaya ezizibonakalise ngokwazo ekulweni ne-periodontitis:

• Ukugcoba kwe-Gum ngenhlanganisela i-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala kanye namafutha fir kuxutshwe ngokulinganayo. Umuntu ubopha ibhandeji emunweni wakhe, alitholele kwisisombululo, abese ehlanganisa izinsini zenkinga imizuzu eyishumi, kabili ngosuku,
• Hlanza umlomo nge-tincture amagxolo oki . Kumele kube ngumhlabathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Isipuni sikagxolo sifakwa engilazini yamanzi, silethwe ngamathumba. I-infusion ishiyelwa isigamu sehora, ngemuva kwalokho inqunywe. Ukuze uzuze ngokushesha umphumela, phakathi nosuku inqubo yenziwa njalo emahoreni amabili.

Ukuxubha amazinyo

I-Periodontitis esiteji esithuthukile ivusa ukuhamba kwamazinyo. Ukugwema ukulahleka kwabo kuyasiza Ukuphrinta - Ukuhoxiswa kwamazinyo ngokusebenzisa uthayi osuswayo noma ohleliwe.

• Amathayi asuswayo - Lawa amapuleti nabaqaphi bomlomo abaxhuma amazinyo amaningana, noma ngabe amanye alahlekile. Lolu hlobo lokuphrinta livumela izindlela zokwelapha eziphindaphindwayo.
• Amathayi agxiliwe zenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla aphezulu ezibamba indawo yokuhlala njengephephile ngangokunokwenzeka. Zisetshenziselwa ukulimala kabi ezinsini, okuvusa ukuhamba kwamazinyo aphezulu. Le nqubo ayinangozi kumuntu, noma kunjalo, uzizwa engemukelekile, eqinile.

Impendulo ngenqubo: