Mhlawumbe esinye sezilwane eziphikisana kakhulu emhlabeni yingwenya. Omunye ukubheka njengento embi futhi inegazi, othile ucabanga ukuthi iyasiza, futhi abanye banesiqiniseko sokuthi lezi ezihuquzelayo ziyinzalo yangempela yama-dinosaurs aphila esikhathini sethu. Sonke siyawazi amaqiniso athakazekisayo mayelana nezingwenya ekunzima ukuzikholelwa. Ake sibheke lapho iqiniso likhona futhi ikuphi inganekwane.

Ngubani ingwenya?

I-Crocodile iyisilwane sasendle semvelo esimnandi esijabulisayo. Ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zezulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nabo kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kweYurophu ne-Antarctica. Iningi lempilo yengwenya yenzeka emanzini. Bathanda amachibi afudumele odaka, imifula egeleza kancane, amachibi, ukubhukuda. Konke izingwenya ezikwazi ukukuthola kulungile ukudla kwasemini. Futhi inyamazane ingahluka - lena yinhlanzi encane evela emachibini, kanye nezilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo ezifika emgodini wokuchelela. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezingwenya sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-100. Baqala ukuzala beneminyaka engu-6-8.

I-Serpentologist ngumsebenzi othakazelisa kakhulu. Abantu bale ntetho ekhethekile bazi konke ngezingwenya nokunye okuhuqayo. Kungumsebenzi wabo ukufunda izinhlobo zalezi zilwane eziyingozi.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezingwenya

Namuhla, izinhlobo ezingama-23 zezingwenya zihlala emifuleni nasemachibini. Zonke zihlukaniswe yimindeni emithathu:

• Ingwenya - umndeni omkhulu kunayo yonke. Inezinhlobo eziyi-14 zalezi ezihuquzelayo ze-amphibian. Kukuwo lo mndeni ukuthi ingwenya eyaziwayo yeNayile ingeyawo wonke. Amaqiniso athakazelayo nezindaba ezesabekayo ngezingwenya ezihlala emfuleni omkhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika zizokwethusa noma kube nesibindi.
• I-Alligator. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zama-alligator nezinhlobo eziyisithupha zama-caymanas. Eqinisweni, ama-alligators ahlukile kuzingwenya nasezinhlanzini, yize abaningi bengawuboni umehluko.
• I-Gavialovye. Ekubunjweni kwalo mndeni kunezinhlobo eyodwa kuphela - iGangan gavial.

Yini ingwenya eyingozi?

Kuliqiniso yini ukuthi izingwenya zidinga ukuqaphela? Ingabe bayingozi ngendlela ababukeka ngayo? Noma, mhlawumbe, "ukwesaba kunamehlo amakhulu," futhi zonke izindaba ezinyantisayo ngalezi ezihubhisayo ziyinganekwane?

Eqinisweni, ingwenya isilwane esiqinile esinamazinyo amakhulu nokusabela kombani okushesha, kepha asizingeli ngokuqondile abantu. Lezi ezihuquzelayo zingalimaza kuphela labo abahlasela indawo yabo. Ukuhlasela kwabo kuvame ukuzivikela. Konke mayelana nezingwenya, maqondana nokuba yigazi labo nokuba yingozi kubantu, kuyachaphazeleka ngezinye izikhathi, kepha kusenengqondo. Udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho ukhuluma nabo, ikakhulukazi uma ukuxhumana okunjalo kungenzeki ensimini yakho.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana neengwenya

Ukubonakala, ukwenaba, nengozi yalezi ezihubhisayo bekuhlala kuthakazelisa kakhulu. Lawa ma-amphibians anezici eziningi ezinhle:

• Ngokungalindele, izingwenya zingagibela izihlahla. Izazi zezilwane zezilwane zazivame ukubabona emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angakhuphuka aze afike ku-2,5 m.
• Inganekwane inayo ukuthi ingwenya, lapho idla umuntu, ikhala, izizwa inecala. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokwengxenye - ungabona izinyembezi zengwenya, kodwa zivele kuphela lapho edla noma iyiphi inyama, futhi ezihlotshaniswa nonembeza ovukile, kodwa ngokuhlukumezeka komzimba. Ngakho-ke, usawoti owedlulele ususwa emzimbeni wezinto eziphindaphindayo.
• Ingwenya inamazinyo angama-24. Bayashintsha empilweni yonke. Esikhundleni sezinyo elilahlekile, elisha likhula, futhi lokhu kungaphindwa kaningi.
• Ingwenya ingagxuma iphume emanzini ifike kumamitha amabili ukuphakama.
• Imvamisa ungabona izilobe zilele ogwini ngomlomo owesabekayo ovulekile. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukupholisa umzimba.
• I-Crocodylus porosus yingwenya enkulu kunazo zonke. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-7, nesisindo - 1 ton. Ungahlangana naye engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Australia naseNdiya.
• Izingwenya ezisanda kuzalwa ziyizisulu ezilula. 99% wabo udliwa ngabantu abadala bohlobo lwabo kanye nezinye izilwane ezidla izilo.

Izinganekwane ezijwayelekile kakhulu zengwenya

Akuwona amaqiniso ajwayelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi mayelana neengwenya. Kuyenzeka ukuthi imininingwane esabalele ngesici esisodwa noma esinye salezi ezihubhayo imane nje ingamampunge.

Kunombono wokuthi izinyoni, zizama ukuthola ukudla, zisebenzisa ubuhlalu bazo obukhali ukuze zihlanze amazinyo engwenya kudoti wokudla. Eqinisweni, endle, i-Symbiosis enjalo ayizange ibonwe, futhi imininingwane abaningi ababeyibheka njengeyiqiniso yaphenduka inganekwane.

Enye inganekwane iphathelene nolimi lwengwenya. Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi ezihuqayo zimane nje azenzi. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuqagele, lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ngwenya ngayinye inolimi, futhi ikhulu kakhulu. Kungukuthi lezi ezihuquzelayo azikwazi ukuziphoqa. Lokhu kungenxa yesici se-anatomical: ulimi luxhunywe kanye nobude bonke bemihlathi engezansi yengwenya. Yilokho okuphilayo okuvinjelwe yizindebe zayo. Ngempela abekho kule ngwenya, ngakho-ke ayinakuvala umlomo wayo ngokuphelele futhi amazinyo abukhali ahlala abonwa.

Noma ngubani okholelwa ukuthi izingwenya zigijima ngokushesha naye unephutha. Isakhiwo somzimba salesi reptile simane nje senza ukuthi kungabi namandla okuthuthukisa isivinini esingaphezu kwe-10 km / h.

Izingcwethi ku-TV

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngeengwenya (eqanjiwe, yiqiniso) angatholakala nakumakhathuni.

Mhlawumbe ingwenya edume kakhulu "evela kuTV" ibhekwa njengeGena. Lowo mngane impela uCheburashka. Le yingwenya enomusa futhi enamahloni, okungenakwenzeka ongayicabanga ngaphandle kwesithandwa sakhe. Ngezingoma zakhe, ujabulisa isizukulwane sezingane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Muva nje, kuqhamuke umdlalo wekhompyutha wonke, unikezwe ingwenya emnandi futhi enobungane - “Swampy Crocodile”. Uhlanzekile kakhulu futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uzama ukugeza ngokuphelele. Le ngwenya yathandwa kakhulu kangangokuba kwadutshulwa uchungechunge olunezithombe ezinengxenye eyodwa yegama elifanayo ngayo.

Emavesini aziwa kakhulu kaKorney Chukovsky, ingwenya ihlala iyisimungulu, ngoba yagwinya ilanga. Kepha njenganoma iyiphi inganekwane, konke kwaphela kahle. Le ndaba nayo ifanelwe ukuqanjwa ngopopayi bakhe.

Ama-horror mayelana nezingwenya akhonjiswa kaningi kumafilimu wesici. Izilwane ezihuqayo lapho azinawo umusa nobungane. Kunamafilimu amaningi abalingiswa bawo oyinhloko ingwenya. Ngeke uwabone amaqiniso athakazelisayo ezinganeni ezikulo, kodwa kubantu abadala, ukubuka izithembiso kuyokujabulisa. "Amanzi angaphambili", "Ichibi Lokwesaba", "Alligator" - lezi ngezinye nje zamafilimu amaningi asabekayo ngezingwenya.

I-Crocodile - incazelo, izici, isakhiwo, isithombe

Ama-Crocodiles angomunye wabameleli abambalwa abasindile ku-subclass of archosaurs, futhi izihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu ziyizinyoni, nazo ezizalo noma izihlobo zama-archosaurs. Ngale ndlela, ama-dinosaurs ayeyingxenye yesikebhe sama-archosaurs.

Ngokuya ngohlobo, ubude bengwenya buyi-2-5,5 m, ubude bengwenya enkulu enkulu ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-7. Isisindo sengwenya ngamakhilogremu angama-400-700, kanti isisindo sekhanda lowesilisa onamava sifinyelela ku-200 kg. Eziphindaphindini, i-dimorphism yezocansi iphinyiselwa ngokweqile: abesilisa bohlobo olufanayo bakhula izikhathi ezi-2-2,5 ngaphezu kwabesifazane.

Kunama-vertebrae ayi-9 endaweni yezilwane ezifuywayo zomlomo wesibeletho, kanti ayi-17 esiqwini. Umsila omude wengwenya uqukethe ama-vertebrae angama-35 noma angama-37 futhi enza imisebenzi yokuqondisa kanye neyokuhamba ngezimoto, kanye nomsebenzi we-thermoregulation.

Ukwakheka komzimba wesilwane esiqothulayo kuyisibonelo esicacile sokuvumelana nezimo ukuze siphile emanzini. Ikhanda elithobekile lwengwenya liphela ngesigaxa eside, umzimba uphakeme futhi uthambile, umsila oshukumisayo udonswa usuka ezinhlangothini. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba kukhona imilenze emifushane. Izingalo zangaphambili zezingwenya zineminwe emi-5, imilenze yangemuva ihlukaniswa ukungabikho komunwe omncane.

Iminwe ixhumeka ulwelwesi. Naphezu kwemilenze emifushane, ngisho nezingwenya ezincane ziyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amafushane. Ijubane lengwenya emhlabeni ngu-14-17 km / h. Emanzini, ingwenya inejubane le-30-35 km / h.

Ukwakheka kukakhonkolo wengwenya kufana nedayinaso futhi kunikezwe ngemidwebo emibili eshiwo.

Amehlo, izindlebe kanye namakhala kutholakala ngaphezu kwekhanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-reptile ingalala ngaphansi kwamanzi, ibuke okukuzungezile, futhi ngasikhathi sinye iphunga ihlabe inyamazane kuphela ngamehlo nangamakhala.

Amehlo wengwenya ahlukaniswa yisilungu esidonsa ngokweqile, ijwabu leso lesithathu elivikelayo kanye nokuba khona kwezindlala ezivulekile zokugeza amehlo.

Umlomo omkhulu wengwenya unamazinyo amise okotshani afinyelela ku-5 cm ubude. Ngaphakathi kwamazinyo esigebenga kukhona imidwebo lapho kwakhiwa khona amazinyo amancane abukhali lapho ehla.

Inani lamazinyo wengwenya lingasukela ku-72 liye ku-100, kuya ngohlobo.

Isidumbu sengwenya simbozwe ngesikhumba, siqukethe amafulegi wophondo olunxande, ahlelwe ngemigqa ecacile. Ngaphansi kwezivikelo ze-dorsal, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphansi kwesisu, kukhiqizwa isikhumba sosayizi omncane, kwakheka uhlobo lwe-carapace. Isisu sivikelwe yizimbambo zesisu, ezihlukaniswe ngaphandle komgogodla.

Ngokuya ngendawo nezinhlobo, isikhumba esiyingwenya singaba nsundu, sicishe sibe mnyama, sibe nsundu, siluhlaza okotshani noma ngesihlabathi.

Inhliziyo yengwenya inamakamelo amane, kanti negazi elinwabuzelayo liqukethe imishanguzo ephumelelayo evikela ukungenwa yilesi sifo lapho sonakala noma emanzini angcolile. Isisu esenziwe ngodonga, esinemisipha iqukethe ama-gastrolites - amatshe akhethekile asiza ukugaya ukudla futhi anikeze ukulingana okude komzimba lapho ubhukuda.

Ama-Crocodiles akhula kuyo yonke impilo ngenxa yokukhula okungapheli kwe-cartilage emathanjeni. Emvelweni, izingwenya ziphila, ngokwesilinganiso, iminyaka engama-80-100.

Iningi lezingwenya alinazitha, kepha ezinye izilwane nezinyoni (ziqapha izibankwa, izimfudu, amabhungane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo) zidla amaqanda wengwenya.

Imisakazo ingagxuma, futhi igxume phezulu, ibambe isisulu sayo ngamazinyo ayo

Izinyembezi izinyembezi, noma kungani izingwenya zikhala

Kunenganekwane ukuthi ingwenya idla inyamazane futhi ikhala ngayo ngezinyembezi zengwenya. Eqinisweni izingwenya azikhaleli ububele. Iqiniso ngukuthi izingwenya zinezindlala ezikhethekile ze-lacrimal ezisusa usawoti omningi emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, izinyembezi zengwenya - lokhu kumane kusabela komzimba, okusindisa i-reptile kusawoti owedlulele. Futhi, izindonda zikasawoti zitholakala ngolimi lwengwenya.

UBhungane uphuza izinyembezi zengwenya

Zihlala kuphi izingwenya?

Izingwenya zihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe anesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama sethropiki. Isilwane esihlala izilwane zasendle sihlala e-Afrika naseziQhingini zasePhilippine, sitholakala eJapan naseGuatemala, eBali nasenyakatho ne-Australia, ezindaweni okugcinwa kuzo iNingizimu neNyakatho Melika.

Ngokuyisisekelo, izingwenya zihlala emanzini amasha, zichitha usuku lonke emanzini. Kepha ngenxa yokudla okusosawoti okuhle kakhulu, izingwenya zihlala ngisho nasemanzini anosawoti kakhulu olwandle ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yazo. Izingwenya ezinamanzi anosawoti, ezinjengamagundane angama-mole kanye nezilukiwe, zihlala engxenyeni yolwandle.

Indlela yokuphila yamakhokho

Zonke izinhlobo zezingwenya ziyizilwane ezijwayelekile zasemanzini: zihlala echibini, kepha zibekela amaqanda azo emhlabeni. Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, izilwane ezidla ezinye ziya olwandle ekuseni noma ntambama - isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokushiswa yilanga.

Ingwenya isilwane esinegazi elibandayo, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba waso lixhomekeke kwimvelo. Ama-Osteoderms (amapuleti e-bony) wezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezitholakala ngaphansi kwezimpondo zamagobolondo angwenya asebenza njengamabhethri wokugcina aqongelela ukushisa kwelanga.

Ngakho-ke, ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa komzimba phakathi nosuku ngokuvamile awudluli ama-degree angama-1-2.

Lapho kushisa ngokweqile, izingwenya zivula imilomo yazo ukuze zikhiphe amanzi, futhi izinyoni ezincane zidonsa izingcezu zokudla nezinqe ezinamathele phakathi kwamazinyo

Esomeni, ingwenya ingafihla, ihlale emgodini owembiwe ngaphansi kwendawo yokucima ukoma.

Imvamisa, izingwenya azihambi kude namanzi, kepha uma kunesidingo, zinganqoba amakhilomitha amaningana ngezinyawo noma zingagqinisi kakhulu inzwa, zithuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-17 km / h

Zidlani izingwenya?

Ukudla kwe-Crocodile kuya ngosayizi womuntu othize: lapho sikhulu isilwanyana sasekhaya, imenyu yaso ihlukahlukene.

Ukudla kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izinyoni zamanzi, amalulwane, izinyoka nezinyoka ezindiza phezu kwamanzi, kufaka phakathi ama-amphibians anobuthi, ngokwesibonelo, i-toad aga.

Emanzini asolwandle, ingwenya idla izinhlanzi, amahlengethwa, izimfudu, amatshe e-sawfish kanye noshaka, kufaka phakathi abamhlophe, ubungako bawo abuphansi, kepha isikhathi esiningi budlula ubude bengwenya ehlaselayo. Imenyu ehlukahlukene kakhulu, enezilwane ezincelisayo.

Ukuzingela okuphumelelayo kuletha ingwenya ku-python, ukuqapha isibankwa, izingulube zasendle, izinyoka, izinyathi noma izinyamazane kwasemini.

Imvamisa, inyamazane yengwenya iba yizingwevu, izingulule, izingwe namabhubesi. Amakhowe adla nezinkawu, ama-porcupines, ama-kangaroo, ama hares, ama-raccoon, ama-martens kanye nama-mongooses. Uma kungenzeka, ngeke zenqabe ukuhlasela izilwane ezifuywayo, kungaba yinkukhu, ihhashi noma izinkomo.

Ezinye izingwenya zidla zodwa, okungukuthi, azideleli ukuhlasela uhlobo lwazo.

Ngabe ingwenya izingela kanjani?

Ama-Crocodiles asebenzisa iningi losuku emanzini, futhi azingela kuphela ngokuqala kobumnyama. Isilwane esihuquzelayo siginya inyamazane encane iphelele. Emgudwini onesisulu esikhulu, isikhali sengwenya singamandla amakhulu. Izilwane ezinkulu zomhlaba, ngokwesibonelo, izinyamazane kanye nezimpunzi, onogada abagada emgodini wokunisela, bahlasela ngokuzumayo bese behudula bangene emanzini, lapho isisulu singakwazi ukumelana naso. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zidonsa emanzini angajulile, lapho kulula ukubhekana nezinyamazane.

Imihlathi emikhulu yengwenya ichoboza kalula ikhanda le-buffalo, futhi iqhubukusha ngamandla nekhanda layo nendlela ekhethekile “yokushintshana ngokubulala” ngokushesha idwengula izicucu. Amakhowe awazi ukuthi ahlafuna kanjani, ngakho-ke, lapho esebulele isisulu, asusa izingcezu zenyama efanelekile ngemihlathi enamandla futhi ayigwinya iphelele.

Ama-Crocodiles adla kakhulu: ukudla kwasemini okukodwa kungenza kube ngu-23% wesisindo somdlwane. Imvamisa izingwenya zifihla ingxenye yezinyamazane, kepha hhayi ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi indawo ebekelwe yona ihlala ingasebenzi, futhi imvamisa isetshenziswa ezinye izinyamazane.

UCrocodile wabamba ushaka

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengwenya ne-alligator?

• Ingwenya ingeyamalungu omndeni wengwenya, i-alligator ingeyomndeni we-alligator. Ngasikhathi sinye, zombili ezihuquzelayo zingezo-oda lwengwenya.
• Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengwenya ne-alligator ekwakhiweni komhlathi nokuhlelwa kwamazinyo. Ngomlomo ovalekile, amazinyo elilodwa noma amabili emhlathini ongezansi uhlala unamathela kule ngwenya, kuthi lapho kubukeka khona umhlathi ongaphezulu ulimboze ngokuphelele ucezwane oludlayo.

• Futhi, umehluko phakathi kwengwenya ne-alligator ukwakheka kwe-muzzle. Ingquza yengwenya ikhonjisiwe futhi inesimo sohlamvu lwesiNgisi V, ngoba i-alligator i-muzzle ayintekenteke futhi ifana nhlamvu u-U.

• Ama-Crocodiles anezindlala zikasawoti olimini kanye nezindlala ezivulekile emehlweni ukuze asuse ukugcwala ngokweqile kosawoti emzimbeni, ukuze akwazi ukuhlala olwandle. Ama-alligator awanazo izindlala ezinjalo, ngenxa yalokho, ikakhulukazi ahlala emizimbeni yamanzi entsha.
• Uma siqhathanisa usayizi weengwenya kanye ne-alligator, kunzima ukusho ukuthi yisiphi kulezi zilwanyana ezinkulu. Ubude obujwayelekile be-alligator abudluli ubude obujwayelekile bekhwele. Kepha uma uqhathanisa abantu abakhulu kakhulu, i-alligator yaseMelika (iMississippian) inobude obukhulu bomzimba ongekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-4,5 (ngokusho kwedatha engekho emthethweni, ubude oburekhodiwe kuphela bomuntu oyedwa obungamamitha ayi-5.8). Futhi ingwenya enkulu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni enobude obujwayelekile bamamitha ayi-5.2 ingakhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-7 ubude.
• Isisindo esijwayelekile se-allissator kaMississippi (sikhulu kunelesiShayina) singama-200 kg, kuyilapho isisindo esilinganiselwe esiphezulu sifinyelela kuma-626 kg. Isisindo esivamile sengwenya kuncike ezinhlotsheni. Futhi noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo zezingwenya zinesisindo esingaphezu kwezimbokodo. Isibonelo, isisindo sengwenya ye-alligator ifinyelela ethangeni eli-1, kanti ingwenya enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni inesisindo esingamathani amabili.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengwenya ne-gavial?

• Kokubili ingwenya ne-gavial kungokwokuhlanjwa kwezingwenya. Kepha ingwenya iyingxenye yomndeni wengwenya, kanti i-gavial ingeyomndeni we-gavial.
• Ingwenya inezindlala zikasawoti ezitholakala olimini, nezindlala ezikhethekile eziluhlaza endaweni yamehlo: ngazo, usawoti owedlulele ususwa emzimbeni wengwenya. Le nto ivumela ingwenya ukuthi ihlale emanzini anosawoti. IGavial ayinayo indlala, ngakho-ke iyisakhamuzi semizimba yamanzi ehlanzekile ngokuphelele.
• Ingwenya kulula ukuyihlukanisa kusuka kumgqa wesimo emihlathini: i-gavial inemihlathi emincane, evunyelwe ngokuzingela izinhlanzi kuphela. UCrocodile ungumnikazi womhlathi obanzi.

• I-gavial inamazinyo amaningi kunengwenya, kepha incane futhi inobuhlakani: i-gavial idinga amazinyo abukhali futhi acinile ukuze ibambe inhlanzi ebanjiwe ngomlomo emlonyeni. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ingwenya inamazinyo angama-66 noma angama-68, kepha i-gavial igcoba amakhulu ngamazinyo abukhali.

• Omunye umehluko phakathi kwengwenya ne-gavial: kuwo wonke umndeni wezingwenya, i-gavial kuphela echitha isikhathi esiphezulu emanzini, ishiya ichibi lodwa ukubeka amaqanda futhi libhake kancane elangeni. Ingwenya isemizimbeni yamanzi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokuphila kwayo, ithanda umzimba wamanzi phezu komhlaba.
• Ama-Crocodiles nama-gavials ahluka kancane ngobukhulu bawo. Ama-gavial wesilisa avame ukuba nobude bomzimba obungamamitha ayi-3-4, angafinyeleli kumamitha ayi-5.5 ubude. Ama-Crocodiles awekho kude nabalingani bawo - ubude bendoda endala buhluka phakathi kwamamitha ayi-2-5,5. Futhi nokho, abesilisa abakade befakiwe kwezinye izinhlobo zezingwenya zivame ukufika kumamitha ayi-7 ubude. Ngokuqondene nesisindo, izingwenya ziyawina kulo mzuliswano: ingwenya ethambile ingafinyelela isisindo esingama-2000 kg, bese iGanges gavial inesisindo esilinganiselwe esingu-180-200 kg.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengwenya ne-caiman?

• Yize izingwenya kanye ne-caimans kungokwokuzalwa kweengwenya, ama-caimans angawomndeni we-alligator, futhi izingwenya zingezomndeni wengwenya.
• Umehluko ongaphandle weengwenya ne-caiman unjengokulandelayo: izingwenya zihlukaniswa iswidi ekhombe ukwakheka okungu-V, ama-caimans ahlukaniswa yisimungulu esintekenteke nobubanzi be-U.
• Omunye umehluko phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ukuthi izingwenya zinezindlala zikasawoti ezikhethekile ezilimini zazo. Ngabo, kanye nangezindlala ezi-lacrimal, izingwenya zisusa usawoti owedlulele, ngakho-ke zizizwa zilungile ngokulinganayo kumanzi amasha nasosawoti. AmaCaimans asinawo lesi sici, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, ahlala kuphela emanzini ahlanzekile ahlanzekile.

Izinhlobo zezingwenya: amagama, incazelo, uhlu nesithombe

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesimanjemanje kuhlukanisa i-oda le ngwenya libe yimindeni eyi-3, i-8 genera nezinhlobo ezingama-24.

Izingwenya zangempela zomndeni(I-Crocodylidae). Ezinye zezinhlobonhlobo zazo zinesithakazelo esithile:

• I-saltwater Crocodile (Ulwandle iCrocodile)(I-Crocodylus porosus)

ingwenya enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, inyamazane edla inyama, emiswe ngokuqinile phezulu kwephakethe lokudla. Amanye amagama alesi silwanyana esidlekayo ingwenya engaphansi kwamanzi, ingwenya ye-cannibal, usawoti, u-estuarine kanye nengwenya ye-Indo-Pacific. Ubude bengwenya ehlanganisiwe ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-7 enesisindo esifinyelela kumathani amabili. Uhlobo luthole igama laso ngenxa yemithambo emibili emikhulu yamathambo edlula lapho kuqhuma khona kusuka emaphethelweni wamehlo. Lapho kuvela ingwenya, kuvela imibala ephuzi-nsundu, futhi imivimbo emnyama namabala kuyabonakala emzimbeni nasemsileni. Isithandwa samanzi kasawoti singumhlali ojwayelekile emifuleni egeleza olwandle, futhi ibuye ihlale ezindlini zolwandle. Izingwenya zamanzi anosawoti zivame ukuhlala olwandle oluphakeme futhi zitholakala ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Australia, e-Indonesia, ePhilippines, eNdiya nangasogwini lwaseJapan. Ukudla kwamakholokwe kungasiphi isilwanyana esidla inyama esingakubamba. Lezi zingaba izilwane ezinkulu zasemhlabeni: izinyathi, izingwe, ama-grizzlies, ama-antelope, ama-pythons, ukuqapha izibankwa. Futhi, izilwane ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo zivame ukuba inyamazane yengwenya: izingulube zasendle, okopondo, ama-dingoes, ama-kangaroo, izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu, kubandakanya nama-orangutan. Izilwane ezifuywayo nazo zingaba inyamazane: izimbuzi, izimvu, amahhashi, izingulube, izinja namakati. Iningi lama -fowfowl, kanye nezimfudu zasolwandle namanzi amasha, amahlengethwa, ama-stingrays kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zoshaka, zivela ezinyoni ziye emlonyeni wengwenya eshisiwe. Amawundlu weCrocodile adla ama-invertebrates asemanzini, amasele, izinambuzane nezinhlanzi ezincane. Abantu asebekhulile badla ngokukhululeka ubuhlalu ubuhlalu, inhlanzi ezinkulu nama-crustaceans. Kwesinye isikhathi, izingwenya ezigobhozile zisebenza nge-cannibalism, zingaphuthelwa ithuba lokudla abamele abancane noma ababuthakathaka bezinhlobo zazo.

• Isimungulu Esiyisimungulu(Osteolaemus tetraspis)

yingwenya encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala ngamamitha ayi-1.5 kuphela. Owesilisa unesisindo esingama-80 kg, ingwenya yabesifazane inesisindo esingama-30-35 kg. Umbala wangemuva we-reptile umnyama, isisu siphuzi, sinamabala amnyama. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezingwenya, i-reptile inesikhumba esakhiwe kahle ngamapuleti wokukhula kanzima, okuhambisana nokuntuleka kokukhula. Izingwenya eziyizimungulu zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi entsha yaseNtshonalanga Afrika, zinamahloni futhi ziyimfihlo, ziphila impilo yobusuku. Bondla izinhlanzi, iminenke no-carrion.

• Ingwenya yeNayile(I-Crocodylus niloticus)

Umndeni omkhulu kunabo bonke ngemuva kwezingwenya ezihlangene, uhlala e-Afrika. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba wesilisa sisuka kumamitha ayi-4,5 kuye kwangama-5.5, kanti isisindo sengwenya yesilisa ifinyelela cishe kwithoni eyi-1. Umbala wengwele grey noma onsundu okhanyayo; imivimbo emnyama ingemuva nomsila. I-reptile ingenye yezinhlobo ezi-3 ezihlala emazweni ase-Afrika futhi azinakulingana kuzinto zamanzi. Ngisho nasemhlabeni, ukungqubuzana okuvela ekuphangeni, ngokwesibonelo, ngamabhubesi, kulele ku "tug war war", kanti ingwenya isaphuma iyophumelela. Ingwenya yaseNayile ingumhlali ojwayelekile emifuleni, emachibini nasezigungwini eziseningizimu yogwadule lwaseSahara, kufaka nomgodi womfula iNayile. Ingwenya yeNayile idla izinhlanzi: I-Nile perch, i-tilapia, i-mullet emnyama, i-pike yase-Afrika kanye nabamele abaningi be-cyprinids. Kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo: izinyamazane, izimbuzi zamanzi, amatshe agqamile, amagugu, ama-warthogs, amashimpanzi kanye nama-gorilla. Imvamisa, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo ziba inyamazane yengwenya. Ikakhulu abantu abakhulu bahlasela izinyathi, izindlulamithi, izimvubu, obhejane nezindlovu zase-Afrika ezincane. Izingwenya ezisencane zaseNayile zidla ama-amphibians: i-toad yase-Afrika, umhlanga oguqukayo kanye nexoxo le-goliath. Chubhu zidla izinambuzane (amakhethini, izintethe), imifantu namanye ama-invertebrates.

• Ingwenya yeSiamese(I-Crocodylus siamensis)

Inobude bomzimba ofinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-4. Umbala wengwenya uluhlaza okomnqumo, kwesinye isikhathi luhlaza okotshani. Isisindo sowesilisa sifinyelela ku-350 kg, isisindo sezinsikazi singama-150 kg. Lolu hlobo lwengwenya lubhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu njengoba isengozini. Namuhla inani labantu alikho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Ibanga lezinhlobo lidlula emazweni aseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia: iCambodia, iMalaysia, iVietnam, iThailand, futhi liyatholakala esiqhingini saseKalimantan. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla wezingwenya zaseSiamese yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-amphibians, ezihuquzelayo ezincane. Ezimweni ezingandile, ingwenya idla ngamagundane no-carrion.

• Ingwenya yaseMelika(I-Crocodylus acutus)

ilungu elijwayelekile lomndeni. Uhlobo luhlukaniswa ngesigaxa esincane, esicijile. Amadoda amadala akhula aze afike ku-4 m ubude, izintokazi zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Isisindo sengwenya ingama-500-1000 kg. Umbala wengwenya ungwevu noma nsundu ngombala onsundu. Ama-Crocodiles ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, imifula, kanye namachibi amasha nosawoti aseMelika. Izingwenya zaseMelika zidla izinhlobo eziningi zamanzi ahlanzekile nezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla yakhiwa yizinyoni: ama-pelicans, amalangabi, amakhethini, izingwamza. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izingwenya zidla izimfudu zasolwandle nemfuyo. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisencane zidla imifantu, iminenke, kanye nezinambuzane nezibungu zazo.

• Inzwane emincane yase-Australiaingwenya (UCrocodylus johnstoni)

Kuyisidalwa esinamanzi ahlanzekile futhi sincane ngosayizi: abesilisa abakhulisi ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ubude, izintokazi zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Isilwane sinesihlakala esisetshenzisiwe sengwenya. Umbala we-reptile unsundu ngemivimbo emnyama ngemuva nomsila wengwenya. Abantu ababalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyikhulu bahlala izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile enyakatho ye-Australia. Ingwenya emincane eyenziwe ngamazinyo yase-Australia idla kakhulu izinhlanzi. Ingxenye encane yokudla kwabantu abadala yi-amphibians, i-waterfowl, izinyoka, izibungu kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.

Umndeni we-Alligator (Alligatoridae), lapho ama-alligator nama-caimans angaphansi kwe-subfamily. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zingezomndeni:

• I-Mississippi Alligator (i-American Alligator)(I-Alligator mississippiensis)

i-reptile enkulu (i-reptile), eyamaduna akhula aze afike ku-4,5 m ubude ngesisindo somzimba esingama-200 kg. Ngokungafani nengwenya, i-alligator yaseMelika ibabekezelela amakhaza futhi ibusika, ikhulule umzimba wayo eqhweni futhi ishiye kungekho kuphela emakhaleni. Lezi alligator zihlala emanzini amasha eNyakatho Melika: amadamu, amawa, imifula kanye namachibi. I-allissator yaseMississippi (yaseMelika), ngokungafani izingwenya, ihlasela izilwane ezinkulu. Ama-alligator abantu abadala adla izinhlanzi, ama-waterfowl, izinyoka zamanzi kanye nezimfudu, kusuka ezincelisayo zidla ama-nutria, ama-muskrats nama-raccoon. Amawundlu e-Alligator adla izikelemu, izicabucabu, iminenke, kanye nezinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Amanye ama-alligator awanayo i-melanin pigment eyenele futhi angama-albino. Kuliqiniso, ingwenya emhlophe ayitholakali emvelweni.

Ingwenya emhlophe (albino)

• I-alligator yamaShayina (I-Alligator sinensis)

izinhlobo ezincane ze-alligator, ezibuye zibe yinyama engandile. Bangama-200 kuphela abantu abahlala emvelweni. Umbala we-alligator uphuzi-grey; amabala amnyama atholakala emhlathini ongezansi. Ubude obujwayelekile be-alligator ngamamitha ayi-1.5, ubukhulu bufika kumamitha ayi-2.2. Isisindo somhlaseli ngama-35-45 kg. Ama-Alligator ahlala eChina, esigodini soMfula iYangtze. Zidlela izinyoni ezincane ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi, izinyoka, ama-mollusks.

• Ingwenya(umangele)ukhokho(I-Caiman crocodilus)

i-alligator encane kakhulu enobude bomzimba efinyelela ku-1.8-2 m futhi inesisindo esingama-60 kg. Lolu hlobo lwengwenya luhlukaniswa yi-muzzle emincane nokukhula kwethambo eliyisimilo phakathi kwamehlo, elifana nengilazi esesimweni. Induna encane inombala ophuzi womzimba onamabala amnyama, ingwenya endala inesikhumba esiluhlaza somnqumo. I-reptile inobuhla obubanzi kakhulu be-alligators. UCayman uhlala ezindlini ezinamanzi aphansi, ezihamba kancane ezinamanzi ahlanzekile noma kasawoti asuka eMexico naseGuatemala aye eDominican Republic naseBahamas. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, i-caiman idla ama-mollusk, izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo, izinhlwayi zamanzi ahlanzekile, kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane nezincelisayo. Abantu abase-inveterate ngezikhathi ezithile bahlasela ama-amphibians amakhulu nezinyoka, ngokwesibonelo, ama-anaconda, kanye nezingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle.

• Indoda emnyama emnyama(UMelosuchus niger)

esinye sezidalwa ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ubude bomzimba wowesilisa owenziwe isikhathi eside bungadlula i-5.5 m, futhi isisindo somzimba singaphezu kwama-500 kg. Kusuka emehlweni ngakubude bawo bonke besihlahla sokukhulisa isizungu kukhona okushiwo yithambo, elijwayelekile kuwo wonke ama-caimans. Isibalo sanamuhla sabantu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu sihlala emifuleni nasemachibini amakhulu eNingizimu Melika. Ama-caimans amnyama amadala adla inqwaba yezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi ama-piranhas, kanye nezimfudu nezinyoka. Kepha ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla yakhiwa izilwane ezincelisayo: inyamazane, ama-capybaras, abhaka, ama-coati, ama-sloths, izinkawu, i-armadillos, amahlengethwa omfula, ama-otter aseBrazil. Kwezinye izindawo zobubanzi, ukudla okujwayelekile okufuywayo yizilwane ezifuywayo ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nezinkomo. Ama-caimans asemancane adla iminenke, amaxoxo nezinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi.

Umndeni weGavial (I-Gavialidae) iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbalwa zofuzo kanye nezinhlobo ezi-2 zanamuhla kuphela:

• IGanges Gavial(Gavialis gangeticus)

ummeleli omkhulu wokuhlangana nomzimba okhula aze afike kumamitha ayi-6 ubude. Ama-Gavials, ngokungafani nezingwenya zangempela, anomthethosisekelo olula, ngakho-ke isisindo somuntu omdala, ngokuvamile, asidluli kuma-200 kg. IGavialov ihlukaniswa ngesimo esincane semihlathi, eguqulwe kalula ngokudotshwa, kanye nenani lamazinyo aphezulu - afinyelela ku-100 izingcezu. Ama-Gaviales ahlala ezimvuleni nasezindaweni zemifula yaseNdiya, ePakistan naseBangladesh. Izinhlobo zibhalwe ku-Red Book njengezingajwayelekile ikakhulukazi, eBhutan naseMyanmar zichithwe ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yasemanzini kakhulu, i-Gangan gavial idla ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi. Ikakhulu abantu abakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile bahlasela izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane futhi badle ngenjabulo i-carrion. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisencane ziyaneliswa yizilwane zangaphakathi.

• Ingwenya yegavial(I-Tomistoma schlegelii)

isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-gavial, esinobude obufanayo, obude be-muzzle nobukhulu obukhulu. Ubude bomzimba wengwenya bungadlula amamitha ayi-6, kepha ngokwesilinganiso afinyelela kumamitha ayi-5. Umbala wengwele ushokolethi onsundu ngemivimbo emzimbeni. Isisindo sengwenya iyahluka kusuka ku-93 kg kwabesifazane kuya kuma-210 kg kwabesilisa. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo linesimo sezilwane ezisengozini yokuphela. Isidlanzana sezingwenya, esihlanganisa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5, sihlala emifuleni engenamanzi, echibini lase-Indonesia naseMalaysia. Ingwenya ye-gavial, ngokungafani nesihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu, i-Gangian gavial, isebenzisa izinhlanzi, ama-shrimp nama-vertebrates amancane kuphela. Ngaphandle kokunuka okuncane, isisekelo sokudla komphangi yizinyoka nezinye izinyoka, kuqashelwa izibankwa, izimfene, izinkawu, izingulube zasendle, izinyamazane namahlaya.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezingwenya. Ngabe izingwenya zizala kanjani?

Ama-Crocodiles afinyelela kumanyolo eneminyaka engama-8-10 ubudala anobude bomzimba wamamitha ayi-2,5 kwabesilisa namamitha ayi-1,7 kwabesifazane. Isikhathi sokuzalela kwezinhlobo zezingwenya eziseningizimu ziwe ezinyangeni zasebusika, izingwenya ezisenyakatho zibekela amaqanda azo ekwindla.

Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bamemezela indawo ezungezile ngokubhonga okukhangayo, beheha izintokazi, futhi bashaye ubuso babo emanzini. Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuganisa, lo mbhangqwana uhlikihla ubuso bawo futhi ucule “izingoma” ezingafani komunye nomunye.

Ingwenya yesifazane ihlomisa isidleke emaphethelweni esihlabathi eduze nolwandle noma emibhedeni yomfula eyomile. Emgodini ongaphansi kwemitha ukujula, ingwenya yabesifazane ibekela amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-85, ibangcwaba ngesihlabathi futhi ibavikele kuyo yonke inkathi yokufakwa, okuthatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu.

Naphezu kokunakekelwa kwabazali bobabili, ama-10% kuphela amaqanda agcinwa ku-clutch.

Kwesinye isikhathi lapho umama engekho ekhaya lokuthi apholile emanzini noma abeke isikhashana elangeni elihangulayo, abanye abahlaseli noma abantu bangonakalisa isidleke sengwenya.

Izingwenya ezincane zidonsa futhi zenze umsindo onjenge-twitter. Lapho-ke umama udwengula isihlabathi futhi aphathe amathole lawo asondele echibini ngomlomo walo. Kwesinye isikhathi abazali bafaka amaqanda phakathi kolimi nesibhakabhaka, besiza izingane ukuba zizalwe.

Ubulili bezingwenya ezisanda kuzalwa bunquma izinga lokushisa esidlekeni ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Uma isihlabathi sifudumala ebangeni ukusuka kuma-32 kuye kuma-34,5 degrees, kuzalwa owesilisa. Ukushisa ngenhla noma ngaphansi kophawu olunjalo kunquma ukuzalwa kwabantu besifazane.

Amawundlu weCrocodile anobude bomzimba ongu-30 cm futhi ekuqaleni akhula ngokushesha. Bazungezwe ukunakekelwa komama iminyaka emi-2, okwathi emva kwalokho inzalo yavuthwa futhi yanwelela ku-1-1.2 m yaqhubeka yazimele.

Amakhowe ahlala isikhathi eside futhi azalaniswa kahle ekuhunjelweni, kepha awafinyeleleki ekuqeqesheni. Namuhla, abanye abalandeli bezingwe ezixakile futhi ezixakile bazama ukugcina izingwenya ekhaya, bazakhele izindiza namachibi okubhukuda. Ngeshwa, kaningi imizamo enjalo iholela ekufeni komphangi ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele, noma ezimweni ezibucayi ngokuphepha komnikazi. Uma sikhuluma ngokuqukethwe kwezingwenya endaweni engeyona eyemvelo kubo, inketho efanelekile kungaba yi-zoo enhle, lapho izirhubuluku zigcinwa ngochwepheshe.

Zihlala kuphi izingwenya?

Lezi zilwane zithanda ukushisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izindawo abahlala kuzo ziyizindawo ezishisayo nezifudumele. Izingwenya zithande ukuhlala emifuleni ehamba kancane namachibi amancane. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abamele umhlangano ohlala emanzini anosawoti asolwandle - lezi zingwenya ezihlanganisiwe.

Ukuzingela kweHippo.

Ama-Crocodiles ahamba kancane endleleni yawo yokuphila, kepha angakwazi, uma kunesidingo, enze amajezi abukhali, agijime aze andize! Lezi ezihubhayo ziyingozi kakhulu, kungcono ukungazami ukuhlangana nengwenya ubuso nobuso.

Ngabe idlani ingwenya?

Endleleni yokudla, zonke izingwenya zingabadli, ngokwezinga elithile noma kwelinye. Ngokuya ngosayizi, ezinye zazo zidla izinhlanzi kuphela (ngokwesibonelo, ingwenya emincane emincane), ezinye zidla izilwane ezinkulu ezingamkhonzi kanye nezinyoka ezinkulu. Ezinye zalezi ezihuquzelayo zihlasele ngisho izindlovu!

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-mollusks, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, amasele kanye nezinambuzane zingaba khona ekudleni kwezingwenya.

Izici ezijwayelekile zokukhishwa kwezingwenya zangempela

Ukudotshwa kwezingwenya zangempela kufaka izinhlobo eziyi-15 zabazingeli, ezihlukile kwizici zabo zangaphandle nendawo yokuhlala. Njengomthetho, izingwenya eziningi zinegama elihambisana nobubanzi bazo obubanzi.

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Lezi zingwenya zihlukaniswe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

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Amanzi anosawoti (noma combed, zasolwandle). Lo mmeleli unesici esihlukile ngendlela yamakhreyithi endaweni yeso. Ukuvela kwalesi zinhlobo kufaka ukwesaba ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu. Ngakwesokudla, le nhlobo ibhekwa njengesidlakela esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi esiyingozi kunazo zonke phakathi kwezingwenya. Usayizi womzimba ungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-7 ubude. Ungahlangana nalomeleli eSoutheast Asia naseNyakatho Australia.

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Ingwenya yeNayile. Umbono obukhulu kakhulu e-Afrika. Ungowesibili ngobukhulu ngemuva kwengwenya enamanzi anosawoti. Isigungu esimele lesi simeleli besihlala siyindaba yokuxoxisana. Kodwa ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni abafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6.

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I-Indian (noma i-swamp) ingwenya noma i-mage. Ngokwezinhlobo zazo zonke izinhlobo, ingwenya yaseNdiya ingummeleli omaphakathi. Usayizi wesilisa ungamamitha amathathu. Lolu hlobo luvumelana kangcono nomhlaba kunabanye futhi lungachitha isikhathi salo esiningi lapho. Kuhleliwe insimu yaseNdiya.

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Ingwenya yaseMelika (noma yaseMelika). Lowo omele angafika ngosayizi wengwenya yeNayile. Kubhekwa njengezilwane eziyingozi, kepha kuhlasela abantu kuyaqabukela. Igama "obukhali obukhali" litholakele ngenxa yemihlathi yalo emide futhi emincane. Inani lalezi zinhlobo liseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika.

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Ingwenya emincane yase-Afrika. Ingwenya ibhekwa njengamaphiko amancanyana ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiqondile sesifo esiwumshayabhuqe. Ubuncane nokuncipha kwemihlathi kuvumela le nhlobo ukuba ibhekane kalula nokudoba. Izinhlobo zihlelwe njengoba zisengcupheni kwi-Red Book. Izinhlobo zakamuva ziye zagcinwa endaweni yaseGabon e-Afrika.

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Ingwenya ye-Orinoc. Ummeleli omele kakhulu waseNingizimu Melika. Inesizalo esincane, esisiza ekutholeni impilo yasolwandle yokudla. Lo mmeleli uthinteka kakhulu ngabazingeli, njengoba isikhumba sakhe sinesisindo esiningi emakethe emnyama.

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Ingwenya encane yase-Australia noma ingwenya kaJohnston. Ummeli omncane. Iduna lingamamitha ayi-2,5 ubude. Kuhleli ugu olusenyakatho ye-Australia.

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Ingwenya yasePhilippine. Inani lalezi zinhlobo latholakala ePhilippines kuphela. Umehluko ongaphandle ulele esakhiweni esikhulu se-muzzle. Ingwenya yasePhilippine ithathwa njengolaka ngokwedlulele. Kodwa njengoba insimu yendawo yokuhlala yayo ikude nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu, ukuhlaselwa akuvamile kakhulu.

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Ingwenya yaseMelika Ephakathi noma ingwenya engaphezulu. Le nhlobo yatholakala kuphela ngonyaka we-1850 isazi semvelo saseFrance, uMorel, lapho ingwenya yathola khona igama eliphakathi. Ukubuka okuhleliwe kwensimu ye-Morele enezidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile aseCentral America.

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I-New Guinean Crocodile. Ummeleli ubhalwe ku-Red Book. Indawo yokuhlala yayo itholakala kuphela e-Indonesia. Ukulungiselela ukwanda amanzi amnandi futhi kuholela kwendlela yokuphila yobusuku.

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Ingwenya yaseCuba. Sihlala eziqhingini zaseCuba. Isici esiyisihluthulelo salolu hlobo yilezi zitho zalo ezinde, eziwuvumela ukuba uphishekele umhlaba. Kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezinolaka kakhulu futhi eziyingozi.

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Ingwenya yeSiamese. Ummeli onqabile ngokweqile ongatholakala eCambodia kuphela. Ubukhulu bawo abudluli kumamitha ayi-3.

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Ingwenya emfushane yase-Afrika noma emnyama. Ummeleli omncane wezingwenya. Ubude bomzimba obungamamitha ayi-1.5. Izikebhe namachibi ase-Afrika ahleliwe.

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Izici ezijwayelekile zesigcawu se-alligator

Uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu. Kubandakanya abamele abangu-8. Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezilandelayo:

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I-alligator yaseMelika (noma iMississippian). Kubhekwa njengohlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwamaqembu e-alligator. Ubude bomzimba besilisa obujwayelekile buguquguquka cishe kumamitha amane. Ifaka imihlathi eqinile. Ihlala ohlangothini oluseningizimu Melika.

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I-alligator yesiShayina. Umbono oyingqayizivele wensimu yase China. Ifinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-2 ngosayizi. Ummeleli omncane kakhulu. Inani labantu lingama-alligator ayi-200 kuphela.

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Indoda emnyama emnyama. Ngokuya ngosayizi, yabelana indawo yokuqala nommeli waseMelika. Ubude bomzimba walesi sibhakabhaka bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6. Okudumile eLatin America. Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu kuye kwabikwa.

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I-Crocodile (noma umbukwane) caiman. Ummeleli wosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba abufinyelele kumamitha ayi-2,5. Amanye ama-alligator athandwa kakhulu, asakazeka ukusuka eBelize naseGuatemala kuya ePeru naseMexico.

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Indoda ebomvu enamakhanda. Ukubuka okuhle okuhle. Ngosayizi wayo lisukela kumamitha amathathu kuya kwamathathu. Yahlala insimu ye-Argentina.

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IPayaraan (noma i-Yakar) cayman. Ummeleli omncane kakhulu. Ihlala endaweni eseningizimu yeBrazil kanye nenyakatho yeArgentina. Okuncane kakhulu eParaguay nangaseningizimu yeBolivia.

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I-dwarf (noma ubuso obushelelezi) caiman Cuvier. Ubude bomzimba bale caiman abudluli kumamitha ayi-1,6, mncane impela uma uqhathaniswa nezihlobo. Kubhekwa njengommeleli omncane weqembu lonke. Uhlobo luhlala eBrazil, eParaguay, ePeru, e-Ecuador naseGuyana. Isazi semvelo saseFrance uCuvier okokuqala sathola lolu hlobo ngo-1807.

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I-Schneider caiman ebushelelezi (noma emfishane). Lolu hlobo lukhulu kancane kune-caiman Cuvier. Ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2.3. Ibanga lokusabalalisa lisuka eVenezuela liye eningizimu yeBrazil.

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Izici ezijwayelekile zokuphamba kwe-gavialov

Lo mmeleli ufaka izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela - lokhu weqembu lezigebengu futhi ingwenya gavial. Lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengezilwane ezinkulu ezinjengezilwane zasolwandle ezifuywayo ezifana nezingwenya ezijwayelekile. Isici esihlukile ukwakheka okuncane kakhulu kwesiphuphu, abangakwazi ukubhekana nakho ngobuhlakani ngokudoba.

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Indawo yokuhlala kwengwenya emidala isisakazekele e-Indonesia, eVietnam naseMalaysia.

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IGanges Gavial kwesinye isikhathi itholakala eNepal, eMyanmar naseBangladesh. Ezindaweni eziningi, le nhlobo isinyamalele ngokuphelele. Umakhi weGavialov uchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, lapho angakwazi khona ukuthola ukudla kwakhe.

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Umsoco we-Crocodile

Iningi labamele lithanda ukuzingela lodwa, izinhlobo ezingandile zingahlanganyela ekubambeni inyamazane. Izingwenya eziningi ezindala zifaka umdlalo omkhulu ekudleni kwazo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Asikho esinye isilo esingasiqhathanisa nengwenya enamazinyo ayo abukhali nangomlomo obanzi. Lapho isisulu siwela emlonyeni wengwenya, khona-ke ayisakwazi ukuphuma kuso. Njengomthetho, ingwenya iginya inyamazane yayo yonke, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iludabula lube yizicucu. Izingwenya ezinkulu zidla inani elikhulu lokudla ngosuku, ngokuvamile zingama-23% esisindo somzimba wazo.

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Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umkhiqizo wabo ongapheli uyizinhlanzi. Ngenxa yendawo ehlala kuyo, lolu hlobo lokudla okulula kunazo zonke lukhona ngokushesha kakhulu futhi lungabizi kakhulu.

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Isikhathi sokuzala kanye nenzalo

Izingwenya zithathwa njengezimele zesithembu zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Isikhathi sokuzalela sifanelwa izimpi ezinegazi phakathi kwabesilisa ukunakwa kowesifazane okhethiwe. Lapho ibhanqa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayo emifukweni engashoni. Ukuze azifihle emehlweni enyama, umboza amaqanda ngomhlaba notshani. Abanye besifazane bazingcwaba zijule emhlabathini. Inani lamaqanda abekwe ngokuya ngohlobo lwabamele. Isibalo sabo singaba ngu-10 noma we-100. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezilwane, insikazi ayigudluki imichilo yayo, ngoba izivikela engcupheni engaba khona ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isikhathi sokubukeka kwezingwenya sincike ezimweni zezulu, kepha, njengomthetho, asidluli izinyanga ezi-3. Izingwenya ezincane zizalwa ngasikhathi sinye, futhi usayizi wazo womzimba ufinyelela cishe amasentimitha angama-28. Izama ukuphuma egobolondweni, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziqala ukucwila kakhulu ukudonsa ukunaka kukamama. Uma umama ezwa, usiza inzalo yakhe ukukhipha amaqanda ayo ngamazinyo ayo abukhali, aphule ngayo igobolondo. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa okuphumelelayo, insikazi ixhumanisa izingane zayo nedamu.

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Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje kamuva, umama uphula ukuxhumana nokuzala kwakhe. Izingwenya ezincane ziphuma ziye endle zingahlomile futhi zingasizi ngalutho.

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Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlola inzalo yazo. Iningi lama-gavials ngemuva kokuzalela amaqanda lishiya "isidleke" salo bese lishiya ngokuphelele inzalo.

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Njengoba izingwenya ziphoqelelwa ukuba zikhule zisekuqaleni, ukufa kwazo zisencane kakhulu. Izingwenya ezincane ziyaphoqeleka ukuba zicashe ezilwaneni zasendle, futhi ekuqaleni zondla izinambuzane kuphela. Njengoba esekhulile, angabhekana nokuzingela izinhlanzi, futhi njengabantu abadala angakwazi ukuzingela umdlalo omkhulu.

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