“I-Little Hummingbird bird” - namuhla sizokhuluma ngezinyoni ezincane ezi-hummingbird ezihlala ezwenikazi laseMelika. Mayelana nobuhle bazo obuningi, ngezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, mayelana nendlela yokuphila. Emazweni afudumele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo, kunezinyoni eziningi ezibukeka kahle. Abanye badonsela ukunaka kombala okhanyayo we-plumage, abanye - ubukhona bemihlobiso yasekuqaleni ngohlobo lwama-corollas izimpaphe ekhanda noma ukwakheka okungafani nomsila, kanti abanye - ukwakheka okungafaniyo nombala wobuhlalu.

Indawo yokuqala ebuhleni nasemseni ingeyezinyoni ezincane zaseMelika - hummingbird, okuyizinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300. Ngaphandle kwaseMelika, ayikho ndawo. Iningi lalezi zinyoni lihlala emahlathini emvula amboze amathafa, kepha ezinye zazo zihlala emithambekeni yezintaba eziphakeme ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ezinye izidleke zase-hummingbirds zikudlula kude kwezindawo ezishisayo (ngokwesibonelo, e-Alaska, eLabrador, eTierra del Fuego), nokho, zindizela ekhwehleni lasebusika lesikhathi sokubanda.

IHummingbird incane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ngisho nezinhlobo ezinkulu zifinyelela kuphela usayizi wegwinya, futhi ezincane azidluli usayizi we-bumblebee.
Lezi zinyoni ezincane zindiza usuku lonke zifuna umpe, zingena ngemilomo yazo emide imbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibamba izinambuzane ezincane (ama-midges, omiyane, izimvemvane) nezicabucabu. Ezinye zazo zibuka phakathi kwamahlamvu bese zesha wonke amagatsha, zibambe izinambuzane zingaphansi komhlaba wamaqabunga. Abanye bahlola iziqu zezihlahla kanye namahlumela owomile, njengamapiki ethu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye bathutheke endizeni. Zibhekabheka kusuka ezimbalini ziye ezimbalini, zihlala endaweni eyodwa phambi kwenkomishi yezimbali bese zimunca ujusi omnandi ngolimi olususekayo.

Ngokuyisisekelo, ama-hummingbird acishe abe kuphela emoyeni, esebenza ngesivinini esingaqondakali ngamaphiko ajikelezayo futhi achaza ubude obukhulu. Ngenkathi indiza, kuyezwakala kancane kusuka ekushayeni kwamaphiko njalo, inani le-oscillations yalo lifinyelela kuma-50 ngomzuzwana. Ngemuva kwalokho amaphiko abe engabonakali njengama-fan blades, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwawo ayanyamalala emkhakheni wethu wombono bese ephenduka ifu elibonakalayo.

Indiza yeHummingbird iyashayeka ngobuhle bayo nokuqondakala okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-hummingbird comet safo - Okuhle kakhulu, wenza amaqhinga angathandeki futhi aphenduka ngenkathi indiza. Ebalekela imbali, uchaza ngombani umbuthano ongenhla kwakhe kangangokuba amehlo akhe awakwazi ukulandela ukuhamba kwale nyoni. Umsila waso ovuthayo ushiya umkhondo wenkanyezi ezindizayo, njengoba kunjalo (igama laso).

Tiny I-Hummingbird - Elf lowo ohlotshisiwe undizela izimbali ezinjengeenyosi, kepha hhayi ngendlela anjalo ngayo, kepha kungathi ngigxuma kwelinye igatsha lesihlahla esiqhakazayo liye kwelinye, lihlukile ngokuphelele.
I-Hatching Hummingbird inyoni ende-ekhokhiswe kakhulu (ehambisana nosayizi wayo) emhlabeni. Uqhwaku lwayo lukhudlwana kunomzimba wakhe wonke. Le hummingbird enkulu enombala obomvu oluhlaza okotshani wamaphekula ihlala e-Andes. Ngomlomo wakhe omude, ukhipha kalula umpe ezimbali ezihlukahlukene.

I-Topaz hummingbird Inenqwaba yemibala egqamile ngokugqamile. Uhlala emahlathini acekeceke aseNingizimu Melika osebeni lwemifula namachibi, ngokuzingela, yena undizela phezulu kwamanzi, ejaha izinambuzane. Ukubanjwa kwayo okungenakugwenywa (ngenxa yeplamu elihle) yenza lolu hlobo lwe-hummingbird lwatholakala.

Rockettail Hummingbird - Cishe inyoni encane kunazo zonke. Yatholakala esigodini esiphakeme sePeru futhi iminyaka eminingi kwakwaziwa into eyodwa kuphela. Le nyoni ingumbala wokuqala nobuningi. Ingxenye ephezulu yekhanda lakhe ingububende, ingemuva iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaphiko nezimpaphe zomsila ziluhlaza, ingemuva lakhe libomvu.
I-plumage of hummingbirds ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene kuya kwesinye isiqu noma esinye izala umbala wamatshe ayigugu nezinsimbi (i-topazi, irubhi, isafire, amethiste, ufudu, igolide, ithusi, njll.). Izinsimbi ezicwebezelayo zensimbi yepheji kuncike ekuhlelweni kwezimpaphe, okukhombisa isigameko sokukhanya kubo ngezindlela ezihlukile. Amathoni anemibala we-plumage shimmer bese edlulisa elinye ngokuya kwelinye ngokuthi ulibheka ngaluphi uhlangothi. Ngesikhathi sendiza, la mathoni avela noma anyamalale futhi adale umfutho wokunxusa. Kanye nobubanzi bemibala yeplamu, umzimba we-hummingbird umbozwe ngemihlobiso ehlukahlukene (njengama-ridges, amadayimane, amabala, izimpondo zezimpaphe, njll.).

Umsebenzi oqhubekayo ophakeme we-hummingbird uhlotshaniswa nobuntu bomzimba wakhe, ukuhlinzeka ngemetabolism enamandla nokushisa komzimba okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, inhliziyo ye-hummingbird inkulu kakhulu kathathu kunesisu. Imvamisa yokushaya kwenhliziyo ifinyelela ku-1 LLC ngomzuzu. Inani elikhulu lamaseli abomvu egazini, uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni, likhuphula inani lomoya-mpilo ongena emzimbeni.
I-Hummingbird udle kakhulu. Badla kuze kube kathathu isisindo sabo ngosuku. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi bakwazi ukuhamba usuku lonke. Zindiza ngokwazo empukweni, zondle amaphuphu azo, zigeze. Ukufika eduze kwamanzi amahlandla ama-3-4 bangene kuwo, kugxibilike bese kuthi, lapho kuvela, basakaze isifutho ngamaphiko okujikeleza ngokuqhubekayo futhi bakhombise amaplamu abo amahle avela ezinhlangothini ezihlukile.

Ngobusuku, izinga lokushisa lomzimba we-hummingbird lehlela ku-17 - +21 C. Banamathisela ama-paws abo egatsheni ukuze baphumule futhi bayeke ukuhamba. Lokhu kufaka isimo sokuqina, esithatha amahora angama-15 ukuya kwengama-20, sivumele inyoni ukuba yenze ngaphandle kokudla.

I-Hummingbird njengesiphethu abahlobene nabo, abakwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni. Izidladla zazo ziyizitho ezibucayi, hhayi indumalo. Iminwe ifakwe imiphetho ende ende egobile. Imvamisa cishe zicishe zingabonakali, ngenxa ye-fluff.

AmaHummingbird awazizi ngazimbili zokuzalela. Bonke abantu besifazane banakekela inzalo. Izidleke zazo zikanokusho ngokweqile, zinesimo esinjengendebe, esifakwe umucu nokotini obukhazikhazi obukhulu ngaphakathi. Ezinhlotsheni ezincane, isidleke asidluli uhhafu wegobolondo le-walnut ngosayizi, kepha ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu sifinyelela usayizi wekhanda lengane. Izintambo zifakwa emvinini, zilenga emaqabunga esundu, noma zibekwe ngemfoloko emagatsheni ahlotshiswe ngamalayidi ngaphandle.

Ama-Hummingbirds awanakile ikakhulukazi kubantu, ancike ijubane nokushesha kwendiza yawo. Kunezimo lapho i-hummingbird yakha isidleke sayo ngokusinamathisela entanjeni eyehla ophahleni lwesakhiwo, kanti enye yavumelanisa isidleke sayo ku-chandelier.

Akukho maqanda amhlophe angaphezu kwama-2 amnyama abekwa esidlekeni, afanayo ngesimo nosayizi wethanga le-oval. Ezikhumbeni ezincane ze-hummingb, iqanda linesisindo esingu-2 mg kuphela. Abesilisa bavikela ngentshiseko indawo yabo yokudla, baxosha izinyoni zakwamanye amazwe. Banamandla kakhulu futhi balwa nabamele ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, futhi bakhombisa impi ngokuya maqondana nabafowabo. AmaHummingbird awesabi ngisho nezinyoni ezidla izindiza ezindizela izidlekeni zazo futhi zihlasele izitha, ngokugwema ukuhlaselwa ngenxa yendlela elula yokundiza.
AmaHummingbird agxilisa amaqanda amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, amachwane aqhamuka enqunu futhi ngokushesha abopha, edlula engutsheni eyehla. Esidlekeni zivela ezinsukwini ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-25. Ukondliwa kwenzeka ngempukane lapho abazali, bendiza, “belengisa” esidlekeni bese bephenya umpe wezimbali emilonyeni yamachwane. Uma abazali benganduki ngokudla isikhathi eside, lapho-ke amachwane ayaqina futhi awele isizungu. Amazinga abo okushisa ancipha nokudla kwabo kuyanyamalala, okwenza kube lula ukusinda esitelekeni sesikhashana sendlala.

Naphezu komfudlana omncane, ama-hummingbird ayeyizakhamizi eziningi ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezingahlali nje kuphela emahlathini ayizintombi ezigodini, kodwa futhi nezintaba, emazwenikazi aseMelika naseziqhingini eziseduze, lapho kunamahlathi amaningi, izihlahlana nezitshalo eziningi eziqhakaza izinambuzane (ngokwesibonelo, kuma-Antilles naseBahamas).

Izinyoni zeHummingbird akuyona yonke into efundwe kahle, kusenqabile ngokungajwayelekile, kuchazwe ngamakhophi owodwa. Manje isibalo sezikhumba ezinhle ikakhulukazi ze-hummingb zehlile kakhulu ngenxa yokudoba izinhlanzi ngenjongo yenzuzo. Kulelikhulu le-19 kuphela lapho babulawa futhi izikhumba zithunyelwa eYurophu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, izikhumba eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-400 zalethwa eLondon kuphela. Futhi manje kwamanye amazwe izikhumba ze-hummingbird ziyaqhubeka nokulungela ubucwebe.

Izikhumba ezihlanzekile kuboniswa eMoscow - eMnyuziyamu weDarwin neMnyuziyamu weZoological eMoscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emadolobheni amakhulu, amaqoqo we-hummingbird angabonakala eminyuziyamu yezilwane.

Incazelo nezici zenyoni eyi-hummingbird

I-Hummingbird - Lokhu akuyona kuphela izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke kwiplanethi yethu enkulu, kodwa futhi nomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wemvelo yethu. Izimpaphe zazo ezinemibala ekhanyayo kanye nesimo esikhethekile zenza lezi zidalwa ezincanyana zikhange.

Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300 zohlobo lwe-hummingbird ezinomehluko omncane. Phakathi kwesixuku esinjalo kunabaphathi bamarekhodi - izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke ze-hummingbird. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoni zifana nezimvemvane eziningi noma uhlobo oluthile lwezinambuzane ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane. Izinyoni zeHummingbird zinesisindo sama-gramu ayi-2 kuphela.

Lolu hlobo lwenhlobo luyinto encane kunazo zonke futhi ihlukile kunazo zonke. Lezi zinyoni ezinhle, osayizi zifana kakhulu ne-bumblebee, zinombala omangalisayo. Izimpaphe ziluhlaza ngenhla, kepha ngezansi zimhlophe, nelanga likhanya kahle kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo senyoni yesikhumba se-hummingbird icishe ibe amagremu angama-20.

Usayizi we-hummingbird nawo mncane, aqala ngamasentimitha ayi-7 kuye kwangama-22, lokhu ubude benyoni ukusuka esiqongweni sogongolo kuya esiqongweni somsila. Ezikhumbeni ezinkulu kunazo zonke ze-hummingbows, izimpaphe ngaphezulu zinombala onsundu ngombala ohlaza okotshani, futhi ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zinsundu ngokubomvu, kanti i-tart i-grey-yellow.

Umbala wenyoni ngokwayo uvame ukungagcini kumbala kuphela lapho imvelo yapenda khona izimpaphe, kodwa futhi ekhoneni lokubuka nasekuqondeni kwemisebe yokukhanya. Imvamisa, umbala ungashintsha futhi ucwebezele ngayo yonke imibala, okukhumbuza ukugcwala kombala emaphethelweni amatshe ayigugu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlelo lombala lwamaduna lunothile kakhulu futhi luqhakaze ngokwengeziwe, ubulili obunesithunzi ngokusobala buyalahlekelwa kulokhu kuqhathanisa. Izinkondlo ezimangalisayo zibhalwe ngobuhle benyoni obungakaze bube khona:

“Esihlahleni sehlathi, phakathi kobumnyama,
Ukukhanya kokusa kwaqhaqhazela.
Kukhona i-hummingbird, i-spark-bird
Njengomlilo omncane. ”

Nasi esinye isibonelo sencazelo yenkondlo ebhaliwe yale nyoni emangalisayo:
"Ama-warps weHummingbird
Phakathi kwemibala ngokungakhathali -
Ugeza ngamakha okugeza.
Futhi iphunga eliningi nokukhanya
Uzohamba ngendiza enamabala amaningi. ”

Photo bird bird Qedela ukubukeka okungajwayelekile. Izinyoni ezinhle ezinhle ngempela, zibabaza emehlweni abo. Ama-Hummingbirds anomlomo omncane omude ongajwayelekile, imvamisa engxenyeni engenhla yoqhwaku ihlanganisa kancane ingxenye engezansi emaphethelweni. Ulimi lwezinyoni ezincane zinde futhi zafakwa, ziyakwazi ukusunduza kakhulu ulimi ngaphandle komlomo.

Amaphiko alezi zinyoni amade futhi abukhali. Imvamisa ine-10, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo ezinezimpaphe eziyi-9, ezinkulu izimpukane nezimpaphe ezincane nje eziyisithupha, ezicishe zifihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezimbobo.

Izikhumba zamaHummingbs zivame ukugoqa amaphiko azo, zikwenza ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ngisho nokukubona, kuphela isithunzi sokunyakaza esibonakalayo. Benza imivimbo ecishe ibe ngama-50 ngomzuzwana owodwa, kulapho inyoni ihamba emoyeni. Kepha lokhu akuwona umkhawulo wejubane labo, endizeni ngesivinini esiphezulu inyoni ingayenza imivimbo engu-200.

Lalela izwi le-hummingbird

Ijubane lokundiza la "imvuthuluka" nalo linamazinga okuqopha phakathi kwezinyoni futhi lingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 ngehora. Fly ehlukile izinyoni ze-hummingbird kungaba kuzo zonke izinkomba: phansi, phezulu, eceleni, phambili nangasemuva.

Emoyeni, bayakwazi ukwenza i-aerobatics yangempela futhi bakwenze ngokushesha kangangokuba kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwabo, ibala eliqhakazile limane nje libonakale phambi kwamehlo akho. Ukunyakaza kwale nyoni kuhambisana nokuqubuka kwesimilo okwenzeka ngenxa yokushayisana kwezimpaphe emoyeni.

Ngokuzivocavoca okunjalo ngokomzimba, inhliziyo yenyoni isebenza ngokukhulu ukushesha, esimweni esizolile yenza ukushaywa okungaba ngu-500, futhi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, isibonelo, ukundiza okuphezulu, lesi sikhombisi sinyuka ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili futhi singafinyelela ekushayweni okungu-1,500 ngomzuzu.

Ama-Hummingbird's paws mancane kakhulu, acinene futhi awanamandla, anezinqe, okubenza bangakulungeli ukuhamba, ukuze izinyoni zingalokothi zihlale phansi, zichitha impilo yazo yonke zibaleka. Ngakho-ke, elinye ikhono elihlukile lalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni yikhono lokulenga emoyeni.

Ngalezo zikhathi, amaphiko achaza isibalo esisishiyagalombili emoyeni, ngaleyo ndlela kugcina ukulinganisela futhi i-hummingbird ingahlala ingashukumi isikhathi eside futhi “ilenga” endaweni eyodwa. AmaHummingbird alala njengamalulwane, awela esimweni esifana nesopopayi esamiswa.

Kuyafaneleka ukuthi usho enye into eyingqayizivele yomzimba wale nyoni - izinga lokushisa lomzimba. Ngenkathi i-hummingbird ihamba, inegazi elifudumele, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-42, kodwa ebumnyameni, lapho izinyoni zihlala emagatsheni, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla kakhulu ku-17 degrees Celsius, ngakho-ke inyoni imane iqhume futhi ilinde ukuntwela kokusa. Ukuxineka okunjalo kuyenzeka futhi uma kwenzeka kunokuntuleka kokudla, okuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungaphetha ngokufa uma ungayifudumali inyoni futhi uyondle ngesikhathi.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-22 edlule, izinhlobo zezinduna zezintwala ziye zavela ngokushesha zaba ngamakhulu ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Indaba yabo yentuthuko iyamangalisa. Uphethe izinyoni ezincane kusuka kwelinye izwekazi ziye kwelinye, abese ebuya, ehlukanisa njalo futhi ethuthukisa izici zawo ezihlukile.

Igatsha eliholela ezinkulwaneni zamanje ze-hummingbird lavela eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-42 edlule lapho amadlozi omuntu e-hummingbird ehlukana nezihlobo, eshintsha futhi akha isimo esisha. Lokhu kungenzeka kwenzeka eYurophu noma e-Asia, lapho kwafunyanwa khona izicucu ezifana nezikhumba zama-hummingb ezineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-28 kuya kwezi-34 edlule.

Ividiyo: Hummingbird

Lezi zinyoni zathola indlela eya eSouth America idlula e-Asia naseBering Strait e-Alaska. Ezwenikazi lase-Euro akukho nzalo esalayo. Lakanye eSouth America eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-22 edlule, izinyoni zakha ngokushesha izinzwa ezintsha zemvelo futhi zaqala izinhlobo ezintsha.

Iqiniso elihehayo! Ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kukhombisa ukuthi ukwahlukahluka kwe-hummingbird kuyaqhubeka ukukhula, kuyilapho isilinganiso sokuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha sidlula amazinga wokuqothulwa. Kwezinye izindawo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-25 zitholakala endaweni efanayo.

Kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo ukuthi ama-hummingbird angahlangana kanjani eNingizimu Melika. Ngoba zincike ezitshalweni ezakhula nazo. Manje kunezinhlobo ezingama-338 ezaziwayo, kepha inani lingaphindeka kabili eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Ngokwesiko, babehlukaniswe yimindeni emibili engezansi: i-hermits (i-Phaethornithinae, izinhlobo ezingama-34 ku-6 genera) kanye nezijwayelekile (iTrochilinae, zonke ezinye izinhlobo). Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaziya kwe-phylogenetic kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlukaniswa akulungile, futhi kukhona amaqembu ayisishiyagalolunye abalulekile.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Hummingbird bird

Izici ezihlukanisayo zeHummingbird zingumlomo omude, iplamu elikhanyayo nomsindo ohlekisayo. Iningi labantu linemibala ehlukahlukene, kepha kukhona nama-albinos ansundu noma amhlophe. Imibala iyashintsha ngokukhombisa ngakunye kokukhanya futhi inikeze izimpaphe i-sheen yensimbi. Imibala ethile kuphela ebonakalayo esweni lomuntu. Ukuqonda izici zomzimba kusiza ekuboneni ukuthi yini eyenza ukuthi lezi zinqola zihluke:

• Usayizi. IHummingbird inyoni encane kunazo zonke (5- cm). I-hummingbird yincane kunazo zonke izinyoni emhlabeni. Owesilisa we-hummingbird unemibala egqamile kunowesifazane, kepha izinsikazi zikhulu ngosayizi. Okukhulu kunayo yonke i-hummingbird enkulu. Isisindo somzimba wenyoni ngu-2.5-6.5 g.
• Ifomu. Wonke amalungu omndeni aboniswa izici zangaphandle ezifanayo, ezibenza baziwa ngokushesha. Umzimba omfishane omfishane, amaphiko amade nomlomo omude omude.
• Umlomo. Uqhwaku olufana nenaliti luyisici esivelele kunazo zonke enyameni.Ingaphezulu futhi iyisihlobo esincanyana njengosayizi we-hummingbird, isetshenziswa njengethambo lokukhotha ulimi olude lompe kusuka ezimbali.
• Izimpiko. Isikhathi eside, esincane, sinqabile ukwandisa ukutholakala emoyeni. Banomklamo oyingqayizivele. Amalunga wephiko (ehlombe + ulnar) akhiwe eduze nomzimba, lokhu kuvumela amaphiko ukuba agobeke futhi ajike. Okuthinta kahle amandla we-hummingbird lapho eshintsha isiqondisi sendiza nokuhamba ngezinyawo.
• Amawashi Amancane futhi amafushane, mancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinyoni azihambi. Zineminwe emine enokuhlelwa kwe-anisodactyl yomunwe wesine okhomba emuva. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukubambelela emagatsheni bese sihlala. Izinyoni zikwazi ukwenza okuxakayo kwe-side side, kepha into esemqoka ye-hummingbird ukundiza.
• I-Plumage. Izinhlobo eziningi zinemibala ecebile namaphethini anesibindi. Umphimbo onemibala egqamile ngendlela yokholomu wefreyimu uwuphawu olubalulekile lowesilisa ngesimo nangombala. Ukwakheka kwezimpaphe emzimbeni kunamazinga ayi-10. Imibala yezinsikazi ilula, kepha kwezinye izinhlobo iqukethe imibala yomnyama.

Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kuma-hummingbirds liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-250 kuya ku-1200 ukushaywa ngomzuzu. Ebusuku, ngesikhathi sokuqina, iyancipha futhi isukela ku-50 kuya ku-180 ukushaywa ngomzuzu. Inhliziyo yenyoni inkulu ngokulingana nesisu ngevolumu futhi ithatha ½ yomgodi womzimba. Ijubane elikhulu kakhulu le-hummingbird izindiza ngamamayela angama-30/60 ngehora.

Indawo yokuhlala yeHummingbird nemikhuba

Ngicabanga ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ukuhluka kwe-hummingbird akungabazeki, kodwa lokhu akusebenzi ekubukekeni nasekusebenzeni komzimba kuphela. Ukungajwayelekile kwezinyoni ezincane kukhonjiswa ngisho esimweni nasekuziphatheni. Ngakho-ke, isihloko sengxoxo eyengeziwe sizoba yimikhuba ye-hummingbird nendawo yokuhlala. Ake siqale ngomlingiswa.

• Izikhumba zamaHummingbird ziyizinyoni ezinobuthi, ezisheshayo, ezinenkani futhi ezingesabi. Lezi zimpawu zomlingiswa zikhonjiswa ngokucacile ngesikhathi sokudla kwam amaphuphu. Lapho kuvela ingozi engaba khona, ingane ihlasela ngesibindi izinyoni ezinkulu futhi ivikele inzalo ngesibindi.
• Abantu abayona ingozi kubantu be-hummingbird. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni ezincane zivame ukwenza izidleke eduze kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Abantu abanendaba bavame ukuheha izinyoni ezinhle engadini, batshala izimbali, umpe okwenziwa kuwo ama-hummingbird. Abanye bahlela izitsha zokuphuza. Amathangi agcwele isiraphu noma isisombululo soju namanzi. Ngokubonga, izinyoni zigcwalisa ingadi ngokucula okuhle noma ngama-tweets acashile.
• Uma kungekho zinkinga ekuxhumaneni nomuntu, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe phakathi kwezinyoni ngokwazo. Uhlu lwezimpawu zomlingiswa oyingqayizivele luqukethe i-egoism nesizungu. Futhi yize izinyoni zivame ukubuthana emihlambini, ilungu ngalinye lomphakathi lihlala lingumuntu onempilo. Ngakho-ke, ukungaboni ngaso linye nokungqubuzana eqenjini akuyona into engafani.

AmaHummingbird asatshalaliswa endaweni enkulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda izintaba, ezinye zifana namathafa, kanti ezinye zikhethe ugwadule. Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lihlala entshonalanga hemisphere. Iqoqo eliphakeme kakhulu lezinsimbi zezikhumba zomsundu ezisogwini lwe-Amazon.

AmaHummingbirds, ahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele, ngaphambi kokufika kobusika aya ezimpini ezifudumele. Ukungena ezweni elishisayo, benza izindiza ezinde. Ngemuva kokuphela kobanda, izinyoni ezindizela ezweni lazo ziphindela ezimpilweni zazo ezijwayelekile.

Ahlala kuphi ama-hummingbird?

Photo: Hummingbird bird encane

AmaHummingbird abomdabu beNew World. Bahlale isikhathi eside eNingizimu, eNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi. Izinhlobo eziningi zikhethe izifunda ezishisayo nezisendaweni engezansi kweqhingi neziqhingi zaseCaribbean. Amakhulu amakoloni atholakala maphakathi nezidalwa kanti yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezitholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele.

Imvamisa, uhla lwezinhlobo ezithile lumboza isigodi esisodwa noma umthambeka, kuyilapho abanye abamele uhlobo, izindawo zokuhlala zelulwa endaweni emincane emaphethelweni ngasempumalanga noma entshonalanga yemithambeka ye-Andes, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zeziqhingi zeziqhingi.

Indawo ecebe kakhulu yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-hummingbirds indawo yokuguquka ukusuka ezintabeni iye ezansi emaphethelweni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-1800-2500 ngamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke ayi-12-16-16 C. Izimbali ezicebile zifanekiselwa izitshalo ezinwabuzelayo, izihlahlana, ama-ferns, ama-orchid, izihlahla, ama-bromeliads, njll. Ama-Hummingbird kule ndawo anamasayizi omzimba ahlukahlukene nobukhulu boqhwaku.

Curious! AmaHummingbird ahlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ayakwazi ukukhumbula izindawo kanye nabantu unyaka nonyaka.

Isinambuzane esincane esivelele singandiza amamayela ayi-2 000 ahlaba umxhwele ngenhloso yokufuduka, kwesinye isikhathi inyoni iqhubeka ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-500. Imvamisa indiza iqonde eningizimu ebusika nasenyakatho ehlobo. Ukuze wenze i -amuka emangalisayo yokufuduka, bondla kanzima futhi baphinda basindise imizimba yabo.

Ama-hummingbird ama-ruby-paated aqukethe uhla olwandisiwe kunazo zonke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika. Izimbaza ezinama-chins amnyama ziyizinhlobo ezivumelana nezimo eNyakatho Melika. Kutholakala kusuka ogwadule kuya emahlathini asezintabeni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni kuya ezindaweni zemvelo ezingakathintwa.

Lapho kuhlala khona ama-hummingbird eRussia

Iningi linemibono yokuthi ama-hummingbirds ahlala kuphela endaweni egcwele amathafa notshani. Ngempela, iningi lezinhlobo zihlala eNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi, lapho isimo sezulu esishisayo sikhona. Kepha kukhona uhlobo olwaluthanda indawo engasolwandle yaseRussia. Le yi-humffy hummingbird.

Abaphenyi baqala ukuthola le nhlobo ehlobo lika-1976 endaweni yaseRatmanov Island. Ngokwemininingwane engaqinisekisiwe, abamele izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-ocher bavame ukuvela eClandot Chukotka nase-Wrangel Island. By endleleni, amabhere polar kwesinye isikhathi vakashela lesi siqhingi.

Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha isidalwa esincane esinemibala emincane, esiningi esingadluli kumagremu ayi-5, sibonisa ngokukhuthazela okufisayo futhi sizizwa sihle ngisho naseqandeni lamashumi amabili nantathu.

Ehlobo, izimbungulu ezitholakala eRussia zithunyelwa eNyakatho Melika. Lapho bahlala endaweni enezintaba, elungele impilo ejwayelekile: isimo sezulu esifudumele, inqwaba yezitshalo eziqhakazayo, izimo ezifanele zokwakha izidleke nokunakekela izingane.

Ngabe kudlani ama-hummingbird?

Photo: Hummingbird isilwane

Izinyoni ezinqubweni zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zithuthukise amakhono ahlukile wokuzondla. Okudliwa kakhulu umpe wezimbali, ujusi wezinkuni, izinambuzane nempova. Ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kanye nokushisa komzimba okuphezulu kudinga ukudla njalo kanye nenani elikhulu lokudla nsuku zonke.

AmaHummingbird adla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi omiyane, izimpukane zezithelo kanye nama-midges endizeni noma ama-aphid emaqabungeni. Uqhwaku oluphansi lungaguqa ngo-25 °, linwebeke esisekelweni. Hummingbirds hover in imihlambi izinambuzane ukwenza lula ukondla. Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo zamandla, baphuza umpe, uketshezi olumnandi ngaphakathi kwezimbali.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo! Njengezinyosi, ama-hummingbird, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, angalinganisa inani likashukela kumpetha bese wenqaba izimbali ezikhiqiza umpe ngokuqukethwe ushukela okungaphansi kwe-10%.

Abachithi usuku lonke ukundiza, njengoba izindleko zamandla zizoba zimbi ngokweqile. Iningi lomsebenzi liqukethe ukuhlala noma ukuhlala. AmaHummingbird adla kakhulu, kepha ngezingxenyana ezincane futhi nsuku zonke adla cishe isigamu sazo isisindo sompe. Zigaya ngokushesha ukudla.

Chitha endaweni ethile u-15-25% wesikhathi sabo ekondleni no-75-80% ngokuhlala nokugaya. Banolimi olude, abakukhonkotha ukudla ngesivinini esingafika kubuso abayi-13 ngomzuzwana. Izinsika ezimbili zoqhwaku zinokugqagqana okuhlukile. Ingxenye engezansi iqinile iye phezulu.

Lapho i-hummingbird idla umhluzi, uqhwaku luvula kancane, luvumele nolimi luphume ezimbalini. Lapho ebamba izinambuzane ezindiza, umhlathi we-hummingbird ugoba phansi, wandise umgodi ukuze ubambe ngempumelelo. Ukuze zigcine amandla azo, izinyoni zidla amahlandla ama-5 kuye kwayi-8 ngehora.

Incazelo yenyoni encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni

IHummingbird ingeyama-oda Swift-like. Ububanzi entshonalanga Melika Melika. Emazweni akhiwe eningizimu, akuvamile ukuba aphile. Lezi zinyoni zihlala ezintabeni. Amaqanda amiswa yizinyoni awazibe iqhwa, izinsikazi zigcina izinga lokushisa lazo lingama-degrees Celsius angama-25. I-Hummingbird ivumelanisa nanoma yikuphi ukushisa okukhona. Ngaphambi kokundiza, izinyoni ziqongelela ungqimba olunamafutha angama-subcutaneous.

Zisiza imvelo nezolimo. Izinyoni zithwala impova emihlathini yazo nasezitshalweni zempova.

Izakhamizi zakudala zedolobha laseTeotiucan zazikholelwa ukuthi izimbaza ziyisithunzi semiphefumulo yamasosha awela empini.

Izikhumba zezinyoni zazisetshenziswa ngabantu ngendlela yobucwebecwebe. Lesi kwakuyisizathu sokuzingela ama-hummingbirds kanye nokwehliswa okukhulu kwamanani awo emvelweni.

Izici zesakhiwo

Inyoni encane kunazo zonke ibukeka kahle. Izinyoni zinokuqina okukhulu kwethambo endaweni yesifuba. Izimpiko ezinezimpiko zakhiwe kahle, zinobhulashi obude kunalokho. Izingalo nehlombe elifushane azithuthukisiwe kahle. Ezimpikweni zezimpaphe eziyishumi.

Umsila wezinyoni eziningi unesakhiwo esifanayo, uqukethe izimpaphe eziyi-10. Uhlobo lwe-rocket-tailed lunezimpaphe ezi-4 eziqondayo.

Amapayi awalungele ukuhamba. Zincane, izindlawu ezinde zikhula eminweni.

I-proboscis (ubuhlalu) yinde. Kungaba iqonde noma igobile. Nge-blake hummingbird, uqhwaku luqondile futhi lungaphezu kobude bomzimba walo. Uqhwaku alunamabhulashi phansi, futhi ingxenye yalo engenhla ibamba ingxenye engezansi ngemiphetho yayo.

Ulimi lwalezi zinyoni ezincane lumelwe futhi lude.

Umbala wehlukene, kuya ngohlobo lwenyoni. Imvamisa, imibala iyakhanya, inezinkomba zensimbi.

I-crest ihlala ngokwemvelo kuzo zonke izinhlobo futhi ingaba bobunjwa abahlukahlukene. Kwakhiwa ekhanda kusuka esixukwini sezimpaphe.

Kwabesifazane nabesilisa, ukubukeka kuhlukile. Emadodeni, umbala uxubeke kakhudlwana, futhi izimpaphe zomsila kanye nomfudlana wobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobungathandeki. Umbala lowesimame umfushane kunowowesilisa, futhi umthungo nomsila kunesizotha kakhulu, awumbuthuntu futhi muhle.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Hummingbird Red Book

AmaHummingbird endiza aya kunoma iyiphi indlela futhi andiza ngokuqinile endaweni. Zimbalwa ezinye izinyoni ezingenza into enjengale. Lezi zinyoni aziyeki ukundiza amaphiko azo, futhi usayizi omncane ubenza babukeke njengamaqhubu amakhulu.

Zindiza ikakhulukazi ngendlela eqondile, uma owesilisa engenzi indiza yokubukisa yabesilisa. Abesilisa bayakwazi ukundiza nge-arc ebanzi - cishe ngo-180 °, obukeka njengesigaqa - ubuyela emuva naphambili, njengokungathi umiswe ekugcineni kocingo olude. Izimpiko zazo zizwakala phezulu ezansi kwe-arc.

Curious! Ama-Hummingbird aqukethe amaseli akhethekile ezimpaphe zawo ezisebenza njengamaphayiphu lapho evezwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukukhanya kuhlukaniswe ngamagagasi amade, kwakha imibala engenayo imibala. Ezinye izinyoni zokushibilika zisebenzisa le mibala egqamile njengesixwayiso sendawo yonke.

AmaHummingbird ane-metabolism ephezulu kakhulu ezilwaneni ezingeyona inambuzane. Ukwanda kwemetabolism ikuvumela ukuba ugcine ukuhamba okusheshayo kwamaphiko nesilinganiso senhliziyo esiphakeme ngokweqile. Ngenkathi indiza, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwe-oxygen ngegramu ngayinye yezicubu zomsipha kuphakeme izikhathi eziphindwe kayishumi kunabadlali abagqamile.

AmaHummingbirds anganciphisa ngendlela ephakeme isilinganiso sawo semetabolic ebusuku noma uma enenkinga yokuthola ukudla. Bazicwilisa esimweni sokulala ubuthongo obukhulu. Banesikhathi eside sokuphila. Yize abaningi befa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, labo abasindayo bangaphila kuze kube ishumi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Izinyoni Hummingbird

Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela kwezilwane ezinama-hummingbirds kuhlotshaniswa nenkathi yezimbali eziningi futhi ihluke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene nasezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Izindlovu zitholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala unyaka wonke. AmaHummingbird - abantu abanesithembu. Bakha ama-jozi kuphela wokufaka amaqanda. Abesilisa basondele kowesifazane okwesikhashana futhi abahlanganyeli kweminye imisebenzi yokuzala.

Ngesikhathi sokuvumelaniswa kwezocansi, abesilisa baziveza kowesifazane ngosizo lokucula nokubukeka okugqamile. Abanye babo ngesikhathi sokuzala ngesikhathi sasemini bacula cishe ama-70% wesikhathi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyageleza, zenze umsindo omkhulu, ohambelana nezinye. Ngesikhathi sokundiza ezindizayo, ama-hummingbird angakwazi ukushaya amaphiko awo amahlandla angama-200 ngomzuzwana, enze umsindo ohlabayo.

Iningi lezinyoni zakha izidleke ngesimo senkomishi egatsheni lesihlahla noma esihlahleni, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezishisayo zinamathisela izidleke zazo emaqabunga ngisho nasemadwaleni. Ubukhulu besidleke buyahlukahluka maqondana nohlobo oluthile - kusuka kokuncane (uhhafu wegobolondo le-walnut) kuya kokukhudlwana (20 cm ubukhulu).

Okubhaliwe! Ukuxhuma izinto zokwakha isidleke kube yinto eyodwa futhi kulungiswe isakhiwo sayo, izinyoni zivame ukusebenzisa ama-cobwebs nama-lichens. Izici eziyingqayizivele zezinto zokwakha zivumela isidleke ukwanda njengoba amaphuphu amancane akhula.

Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda ama-1-3, amakhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba womuntu omdala. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-14 kuye kwezingu-23, kuya ngohlobo lwenyoni kanye lokushisa okukhona. Umama wondla amachwane ngama-arthropods amancane nompe. Abantu abasha baqala ukundiza ezinsukwini eziyi-18- 35 ngemuva kokuboshwa.

Usayizi omncane

Ubungako besikhumba se-hummingbird simangaza abaningi, njengoba kungummeleli omncane kakhulu wezinyoni. Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezinobukhulu bazo ezifika ku-7 amasentimitha, futhi zinesisindo esingu-1,6 amagremu, zibizwa ngokuthi ama-hummingbirds. Kukhona abamele le nhlobo yezinyoni, ezinkulu kuneziningi, zingama-20,6 cm ubude futhi zinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-20.

Izitha zemvelo zikaHummingbird

Photo: Hummingbird isilwane

Abantu abaningi bathandane nezinyoni ezincane ezinhle kakhulu futhi baxhoma abondli, babanikeze amanzi noshukela. Ngakho-ke, ukuzama ukusiza ukuvikela ukulahleka kwesinye sezinyoni ezimangalisa kakhulu emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, amakati ngokuvamile atholakala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala, njengoba izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nama-hummingbird eba izisulu zazo.

Iqiniso elihehayo! Ngaphezu ijubane nombono omuhle kakhulu, ama-hummingbirds angazivikela ngomsila. Uma inyamazane ibamba i-hummingbird ngemuva, izimpaphe zomsila ezinamathele ngokukhululekile zingalula. Lokhu kunikeza inyoni ithuba lokusinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu zikhula ngokushesha.

Ama-Hummingbirds asebenzisa iwebhu ukwakha isidleke. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi bawela kulo futhi abakwazi ukudedelwa, baba inyamazane yezicabucabu nezinambuzane ezinkulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyamazane ezidla izimbaza yilezi:

• UMantis - ikakhulukazi, ama-mantis amakhulu amaShayina angeniswa evela eChina futhi akhishwa ezivandeni njengesihlaseli sezinambuzane, kodwa futhi waba ngumzingeli we-hummingbird.
• UKtyr osonga izimbungulu ngezimpiko zazo, ukuvimbela ukuthi indize. Ibulala ama-hummingbirds ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu.
• Amaxoxo. Izikhumba zamaHummingb zitholakale esiswini samaxoxo. Ngokusobala, babanjwa eduze kwemithombo yamanzi.
• Izinyoni ezinkulu: oklebe, izikhova, amajuba, ama-orioles, ama-gulls kanye nezimbungulu angaba izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kodwa-ke, ama-hummingbird anolaka futhi ajwayele ukuzicwilisa izinyoni ezinkulu endaweni yawo.
• Izinyoka nezinyoka eziyingozi nazo ziyingozi kulezi zinyoni.

AmaHummingbird agile kakhulu, ahlala ebheka ingozi futhi angakwazi ukundiza ngokushesha kunoma yimuphi umhlaseli.

Isitayela sendiza

Le nyoni encane inendlela ehlukile yokundiza:

• inejubane eliphezulu lokundiza,
• ingandiza ibuyele emuva
• inamandla ukundiza eceleni,
• ukukhuphuka kwendiza kuya endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-4000-5000 ngaphezu kolwandle,
• indiza ingahanjiswa endaweni eyodwa, ichaza ngamaphiko ngefolishi “8”.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Little bird hummingbird

Kunzima ukulinganisa usayizi wabantu ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ezihlukanisa izindawo ezinkulu zendawo. Emlandweni kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-hummingbirds abulawa ngenxa yezimpaphe, nokho namuhla izinyoni azibhekene nosongo olonakalisayo.

Izinguquko ekushiseni komhlaba ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta imvelo yokufuduka kwe-hummingbird, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zingatholakala ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu kobubanzi bazo obujwayelekile, lapho kunzima khona ukuthola ukudla.

AmaHummingbird athandwa emhlabeni wonke. Abantu abaningi bakhiqiza ama-hummingbird feeders noma bakhule izimbali eziheha izinyoni ezinyangeni ezifudumele lapho zenza izindiza ezinde.Abalandeli beHummingbird benza konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuzo zonke izindlu ezingemuva, epaki nasengadini, kukhona indawo enhle kulezi zinyoni ezinhle.

Kunemithetho ephikisana nokuthwebula ama-hummingbird nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Kodwa-ke, eminye imisebenzi yabantu ingaba yingozi ezinyoni. Inkinga enkulu ukunciphisa izindawo, njengoba abantu beqhubeka nokwakha amadolobha, izindawo zokupaka izimoto, njll.

Isimo sezulu singenye inkinga yama-hummingbirds. Noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, isimo sethu sezulu siyashintsha. Izivunguvungu zisongela ukufuduka kwezinyoni. Ukungabikho kwezimbali zasendle ngenxa yezimbali ezingajwayelekile, imililo kanye nezikhukhula kuthinta izinyoni.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-hummingbird?

Usayizi we-hummingbird awudluli ku-5 cm, futhi isisindo se-hummingbird ngamagremu ayi-1,6-1,8. Lezi izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kepha phakathi kwabo kukhona abamele abakhulu, isibonelo, i-hummingbird enkulu. Ubukhulu bayo “bumangalisa” ngempela - isisindo silingana nama-gramu angama-20, futhi ubude bomzimba wabanye abantu bufinyelela ku-21.6 cm!

Mangaki imivimbo ngomzuzwana owenziwa ngumuntu ohumbayo?

Ngaphezu kwenqwaba yazo ekhanyayo nosayizi omncane, ama-hummingbird anokunye okusimangazayo ngakho - isivinini lapho lezi zinyoni zizulisela amaphiko awo kumnandi impela. Esikhathini esifushane lapho umuntu enesikhathi kuphela sokuqhakaza, i-hummingbird yenza amaphiko amaningi eshayayo. Ngakho-ke, mangaki amaphiko ngomshini ngomzuzwana owenziwa yi-hummingbird Izikhumba ezincane ze-hummingbanes zenza imivimbo engu-80-100 ngomzuzwana, ama-hummingbird amakhulu awagugi kangako futhi enza imivimbo engu-8-10 kuphela ngomzuzwana. Ngenxa yokuphephapha okusheshayo kwamaphiko, lezi zinyoni zingakwazi ukulengiswa ngokoqobo emoyeni ngaphezu kwembali ethile, zikhiphe umpe kuzo futhi ngemilomo yazo emide.

Indiza yezinduna zezimpahla ezisezindaweni zayo icishe ifane nokundiza kwezimvemvane, futhi ngokuthokozisayo, izinhlobo zezikhumba ze-humming ukuphela kwezinyoni ezingandiza ziqonde ngaphesheya. Ijubane lendiza leHummingbird lingafinyelela ama-80 km ngehora. Kuliqiniso, izindiza ezisheshayo ezinjalo azilula kubo, ngoba isamba esikhulu samandla sisebenza kuzo, ngokwesibonelo, inhliziyo yenyoni ishesha ukushaya okungu-1200 ngomzuzu ngenkathi indiza ngokushesha, kuyilapho ukuphumula kuphela kwenza ukushaywa okungama-500 ngomzuzu.

Kanjani futhi kudliwa yini ama-hummingbirds

Ukudla kweHummingbird akunakubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluka. Ososayensi bebevame ukucabanga ukuthi badla umpe wezimbali kuphela. Imiphumela yocwaningo oluningi iqinisekisile ukwehla kwale mibono.

Ikhipha umpe, inyoni indiza ize imbali, iqhwa, igxobhoza uqhwaku olude esihlahleni bese iyivula kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho unamathela ngaphandle kolimi oluyimhubhu futhi amunce umpe ngosizo lokugwinya ukunyakaza. Ngaphezu komucu, izinambuzane ezincane ziqoqwa ekudleni, eziqoqwe emagqabini nasezimbali zezitshalo, futhi kususwe kuwebhu.

Ukuze izinga lokushisa lomzimba libe lijwayelekile futhi lisebenze, ama-hummingbird adinga ukudla okuningi. Inyoni ngayinye encane idla ukudla okuphindwe kabili ngosuku ngosuku isisindo somzimba. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, ngenxa yokusheshisa kwalo, lubhekana ngokushesha nokudla.

Amaqiniso we-Hummingbird atholakalayo

AmaHummingbird anezidlaliso eziningi: "topazi", "ukundiza", "intamo emerald", "topazi evuthayo". Kepha uma umuntu efuna ukumthenga nokumjwayela, kufanele ucabangisise kahle ngokwenza isinqumo.

Njenganoma yimuphi omunye ummeleli wasendle, le nyoni ihlala idinga inkululeko ukuze iphile impilo ephelele. Kodwa zonke izimo ezidingekayo zobukhona bazo obujwayelekile, ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukudala ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, izimo zingakhiwa emapaki emvelo kuphela, kepha-ke uzodinga ukunakekela ukudla kwabo, okunzima impela.

Ukuzalela kweHummingbird nokuphila isikhathi eside

Imvamisa, izinyoni ezihlala emanzini zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-9, kepha ngalesi sikhathi ziyakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade kakhulu, okubuye kube uhlobo lomlando kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni ziphila okuncane, noma intengo ye-hummingbird phezulu kakhulu.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuqiniseka izimo ezifanele kunzima kakhulu. Ekudingisweni, izinyoni zidla kuphela isiraphu yezinyosi. Futhi impilo ephelele, badinga ukudla okuhlukahlukene, izimbali kanye nekhono lokundiza amabanga amade. Amazinga okushisa nawo abaluleke kakhulu kubona.

Ukunakekelwa kwenzalo kulele nabesifazane. Lezi zinyoni azakhi ngazimbili. Okokuqala, izidleke zezinsikazi zigqoka izimbotshana, ngoba zisebenzisa izitshalo nezilwane ezithambile futhi ezithambile. Isidleke senziwe sajula ngokwanele ukuze insikazi, ihlale kuso, kube sengathi ilenga.

Isidleke sitholakala egatsheni, kwesinye isikhathi imfoloko kumagatsha, kwesinye isikhathi sinamathele edwaleni. AmaHummingbirds abeka amaqanda ama-2 ngalinye, kuyaqabukela kuba nezimo lapho iqanda elilodwa kuphela esidlekeni. Iqanda ngokwalo kwezinye izinhlobo linesisindo sama-gramu ayi-2 kuphela.

AmaHummingbirds aqandusela amaqanda cishe izinsuku eziyi-15, isikhathi esiningi yilezi izinsuku eziyi-19. Ngemuva kwalokho, ezinye izinsuku ezingama-20-25, amaphuphu ayohlala esidlekeni. Izikhumba ezincane ze-hummingb zizalwa zingenalutho futhi zimpumputhe. Umama weHummingbird uletha umpe futhi upompa imilomo yamachwane.

Owesilisa akabambi iqhaza ekukhulisweni nasekuphathweni kwamantshontsho, kepha amanye amaqiniso akhombisa ukuthi upapa unakekela futhi uvikela insimu ebungozini obunokwenzeka.

I-Hummingbird: Incazelo

Umndeni we-hummingbird uyi-motley impela futhi waziwa ososayensi ngaphansi kwegama lesi Latin "Trochilidae".

Ama-Hummingbird afana nama-passerine kuma-anatomy awo ngoba anentamo emfushane, amaphiko amade nekhanda eliphakathi nendawo. Singasho ukuthi ukufana kuphela lapha, njengoba ama-hummingbirds engaqhosha izinhlobo ezinkulu zezindebe, imibala emihle yezimpaphe, njll., Okungeke kushiwo nge-passerines.

Njengomthetho, abesilisa banombala ogqamile futhi okhangayo wokubukeka kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emakhanda abo banezimpaphe ezincane ezincane zezimpaphe, ngesimo samakhonkco. Ukwakheka komlomo kungahle kube kuqonde noma kugwetshwe kunoma iyiphi indlela, futhi kuyehluka ngosayizi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Ingxenye engenhla yoqhwaku ihlanganisa ingxenye engezansi, kuyilapho ngaphansi komlomo kungabikho bristles. Kepha i-hummingbird inama ngolimi olude olwelwe, ngosizo lwayo inyoni idla umpe we-inflorescence.

Lezi zinyoni zinama-paws amafushane futhi akhule kahle, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuba uzibone zihamba phansi. Bakwazi kuphela ukubambelela egatsheni futhi bahlale kulo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-paws aqinile awadingeki kule nyoni, ngoba achitha iningi lempilo yawo esemoyeni efuna ukudla.

Amapayipi namaphiko

Esakhiweni sazo, amaphiko esilo esinyakazayo afana nezimpiko zezimvemvane, ngoba amathambo kuzo akhule ndawonye, ​​futhi indawo enkulu yamaphiko itholakala. Ukulawula amaphiko endawo eyandayo, kudingeka izicubu zomzimba oqinile kanye nokuhlangana ngokwanele kwehlombe. Isabelo sabo ekupheleleni komzimba wale nyoni okungenani ngamaphesenti angama-25.

Yize umndeni unezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomsila, onke anezimpaphe eziyishumi zomsila. Ukuphela kwembala yi-hummingbird-rakvostozhvost, lapho umsila uqukethe khona izimpaphe zomsila ezi-4 kuphela. Ama-Hummingbirds abizwa ngokuthi amagugu endiza, ngenxa yokuba khona kwenqwaba yemibala egqamile nenhlobonhlobo ngombala, onephunga lensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe zezinyoni zinezimangaliso ezinhle kakhulu: umbala wazo ungahlukahluka ngokuya ngethoni lokuthambekela maqondana nemisebe yelanga, kanye nangekhono lokubuka komuntu.

Izinhlobo zeHummingbird

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bayazi izinhlobo ezingama-330 zezinhlobo ze-hummingbird. Kulesi sethi, zombili zincane (kakhulu) futhi ezinobukhulu obuqinile.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zithathwa njenge-hummingbird enkulu, ngoba ubude bawo bomzimba bufinyelela konke okungama-20 cm, noma ngaphezulu. Lolu hlobo lutholakala ngaphakathi kweNingizimu Melika, ngisho nasezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngomlomo oqondile kodwa omude nomsila ofana ne-pitchfork.

Izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-hummingbird zithathwa njengezincane kakhulu kuwo wonke umndeni, njengoba zikhula ubude obude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-5 nesigamu, futhi zinesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu owodwa nesigamu. Izikhumba ezincane zokuthambisa zitholakala kuphela eCuba.

ECosta Rica, ePanama, eColombia, e-Ecuador nasePeru, kuhlala i-hummingbird yokhozi oludonswa amaza. Ubungqabavu baso buhleli ngendlela yoqhwaku lwayo, olugobeke phansi, cishe ngamadigri angama-90.

Umzuzu othokozisayo! I-buffy hummingbird, i-aka enamakhanda abomvu uSelasforus, yavela ngasikhathi sinye eRussia. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1976, ngesikhathi le nyoni ibonwa esiQhingini saseRatmanov, kanti, ngofakazi bokuzibonela, i-ocher hummingbird yabonwa eChukotka, kanye nase-Wrangel Island.

Izindawo ezihlala kuzo ze-selasforus ezibomvu ziyizindawo zaseNyakatho Melika, kuyilapho inyoni indizela eMexico ebusika. Abantu abadala banobude obungamasentimitha ayi-8 nesigamu, kanye noqhwaku olude futhi oluncane.

I-inyama-bill ngelinye ilungu lomndeni elinomlomo omude impela uma uqhathaniswa nobude bomzimba. Ubude bawo bungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10, ubude bawo bomzimba bube ngamasentimitha angama-23. Umbala oyinhloko wale nyoni uluhlaza okotshani.

Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo

AmaHummingbird akhetha izindawo ezinemifino enamakha eminingi enezimbali zokuhlala kwazo. Njengomthetho, izindawo ezinjalo zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-hummingbird nguMhlaba oMusha. Kulokhu, indawo abahlala kuyo ifinyelela eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kufaka neningizimu yeNyakatho Melika. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi izinyoni ezihlala phansi, ngaphandle kwezinye. URuby-umphimbo we-hummingbird akuyona into enjalo. Izindawo zayo zemvelo zihambisana nemingcele esenyakatho edlula eCanada nase Rockies.

Lolu hlobo lwe-hummingbird lukhetha ukuhola impilo ehlukile, kepha lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo kufanele sindizele ezindaweni ezintofontofo eMexico. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyoni inqoba indlela, ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, ngejubane elingaba ngu-80 km / h, elihle kakhulu, njengenyoni enjalo.

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, izindawo ezihlala kuzo zikhawulelwe endaweni ethile. Njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-endemic. Isibonelo esivelele salolu hlobo lwenyosi i-hummingbird-bee, ehlala eCuba kuphela.

Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-hummingbirds ngokuvamile awahlukile ngosayizi omkhulu, ayakwazi ukuzenzela, uma kufikwa endaweni yawo yokuhlala.

Lezi zinyoni ikakhulukazi ziphila impilo eyedwa, kanti isikhathi esisebenzayo kakhulu sigcina kusukela ekuseni nakulo lonke usuku. Njengoba ubusuku buqala, impilo yabo ishintsha kakhulu.

Iphuzu elibalulekile! Ngenxa yomzimba oshesha kakhulu emzimbeni we-hummingbird, lezi zinyoni zidinga ukuhlala zidla, okuyinto engafinyeleleki kubo ebusuku. Ukuze zingachithi amandla azo ngisho nasebusuku, izimbaza ziyalala. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo lehla laya cishe kuma-degree ayi-17, futhi ishayela lehle kakhulu. Lapho nje ilanga liphuma, izimbungulu zemvelo ziyavuka ngokushesha bese kuqala usuku olusha.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zohlobo lwama-hummingb zishaya amaphiko azo ngokuvama okungaphezulu kwamakhulu amafayili ngomzuzwana. Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo, futhi imvamisa yokushaywa kwamaphiko kuya ngosayizi wenyoni. Iningi lezinhlobo libiza ngaphezu kwamaphiko ayi-10 okushayelwa.

Indiza ye-hummingbird kwenye indawo ifana nendiza yovemvane, kepha lokhu kubonakala kuqala, ngoba indiza ye-hummingbird iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukusebenziseka. AmaHummingbirds angandiza, ngaphambili nangasemuva, ingasaphathwa indiza ezinhlangothini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hummingbird iyakwazi ukulenga emoyeni, njengendiza enophephela emhlane, futhi ikhuphuke ngokweqile emhlabeni.

Lapho inyoni ilenga, amaphiko ayo ahamba ngesishiyagalombili, okuyinto engatholakali kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunyakaza kwamaphiko akuthathwa kalula ngamehlo omuntu, ngakho-ke ukunyakaza kwawo kuvame ukufiphala, okunikeza umbono wokungabikho kwamaphiko, kanjalo.

Ngabe kudlani ama-hummingbird?

Lezi zidalwa ezincane zimatasa phakathi nesikhathi semini, zifuna ukudla nokuzondla. I-metabolism yemizimba yabo idinga umsoco oqhubekayo. Ukuze zizinikeze ngokugcwele amandla, inyoni idinga ukudla amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku ngokuqhathaniswa nesisindo sayo. Kulokhu, ama-hummingbirds adla kuphela indiza futhi awusoze wabona ukuthi ama-hummingbirds adla kanjani, ahlala egatsheni futhi, ikakhulukazi, emhlabathini.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kususelwa kumpetha, kanye nempova evela ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezihlukile zezikhumba zama-hummingbird zibonakaliswa ngokuthandwa okuthile kwe-gastronomic. Kunezinhlobo zezindiza ezisuka ezimbalini ziye ezimbalini, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo, kepha kunezinhlobo ezidla umpe noma impova yezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo.

Ngakho-ke, ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwemilomo yohlobo oluthile lwe-hummingbird kufakwa esimweni sokwakheka kwe-calyx imbali yohlobo oluthile.

Ngenkathi yokondla umpe, le nyoni yehlisa ulimi lwayo olude amahlandla ambalwa entanyeni yimbali. Ngasikhathi sinye, ulimi olusontekile luqala luqonde futhi lubambe into emnandi, ngemuva kwalokho iphinde igogeke futhi idonsele uqhwaku. Njengomphumela wokudla umpe kanye nempova, umzimba we-hummingbird ugcwele ama-carbohydrate ngamanani anele. Kepha ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba wabo, amaphrotheni nawo ayadingeka. Kulokhu, ama-hummingbird nawo abamba izinambuzane kulendiza.

Qaphela!

Enye yezinto ezinhle zezinyoni yikhono ukulenga emoyeni futhi lijule kahle. Lapho indiza, i-hummingbird ikhula ngesivinini esingafika ku-80 km ngehora, okwenza imivimbo efinyelela kwayi-100 ngomzuzwana (ama-hummingbirds amakhulu enza imivimbo engu-8-10).

Ihamba ngezindlela ezihlukile, ingandiza ibuyele emuva, okuyisici kuphela salokhu okuhlukahlukene.

Esithombeni se-hummingbird, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ucabangele amaphiko, lapho i-trajectory of ukunyakaza kwabo ilenga, idonsa isibalo esiyisishiyagalombili.

Umsoco

Ukundiza kusuka ezimbalini kuya ezimbalini, izitshalo ze-hummingbird zithutha impova, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulinganiseni kwemvelo. Ngomlomo wazo omude omncane, lezi zingane ziyakwazi ukuthola umpe lapho abameli abaningi bezinyoni bengatholi.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo, inyoni ine-metabolism esheshisiwe, ngakho-ke ihlala ifuna ukudla. Ingane idla okuningi ngosuku kunokuba inesisindo.

Izitha

AmaHummingbird anezitha ezimbalwa. Ingane isebenza kakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukusebenzisa, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke umuntu okwaziyo ukuyibamba. Emvelweni, izinyoka nama-tarantulas kuphela angakujabulela, kulindwe emahlathini ashisayo asendaweni eshisayo. Indoda izingela iplamu elihle, libangele ukulimaza okukhulu ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinto eziphilayo.

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi basebenza ngenkinga yokuzalanisa kwalolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezingandile. Ngokokuqala ngqa bakwazile ukuthola imiphumela emihle ngonyaka ka-2015. Ubuchwepheshe bokuzala bokuzala kwe-hummingbird buzobuyisa abantu abaningi bale nyoni engajwayelekile.

Inhliziyo

Le ngane inenhliziyo engajwayelekile. Ukuze ibekezelele imithwalo eqinile ngenkathi indiza, izicubu zayo zakha amaphesenti angama-40 esisindo senkukhu. Ngenkathi indiza, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyashesha kuze kube ngu-1200 ukushaywa ngomzuzu.

Izwela kakhulu ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa. Kusihlwa, umsebenzi wayo uyehla futhi i-hummingbird ilele. Ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga, uvuka aqale umsebenzi wakhe onamandla futhi.

Isimilo seHummingbird nendlela yokuphila

AmaHummingbird izinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu futhi lokhu kubonakaliswa kukho konke. Ukuziphatha nohlobo lwalezi zinyoni nakho akujwayelekile kunezici eziningi. Ama-Hummingbirds anamabi kakhulu, ashesha futhi ayimpi, kepha ngasikhathi sinesibindi futhi angesabi nakancane. Lokhu kubonakala kahle ngesikhathi amachwane eqhasha, lapho ama-hummingbird engahlasela izinyoni ezinobukhulu obukhulu kunabo uqobo futhi alwe ngesibindi nangesibindi.

Ama-Hummingbirds ayizinyoni ezi -odwa nezisodwa, yize imihlambi kulezi zinyoni ingatholakala kaningi, kepha eqenjini elinjalo, ummeleli ngamunye ubuntu obuqhakazile. Azihlangani njalo ngokuthula omunye komunye futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuqubuka izingxabano ezinkulu nokungaboni ngaso linye.

Umuntu akasongeli ezinyoni ezincane, ngakho kaningi enza izidleke eduze nezindlu.Abanye abathanda ubuhle ngokukhethekile badonsela ukunaka kwezinyoni ekhaya nasengadini yabo, batshala izimbali zabo eziyintandokazi ze-hummingbird bese befaka abaphuza ngazo isiraphu noma uju oncibilikisiwe emanzini.

Ngakho-ke, ama-hummingbirds aba izivakashi ezivamile futhi andiza njalo endlini. Kwesinye isikhathi baziphatha njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukubamba le nyoni kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

Noma thenga i-hummingbird kungenzeka, kepha lokhu akunangqondo, ngoba bona uqobo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, abanakuphikisana nokuhlala eduze kwendlu yakho. Ama-Hummingbirds angacula, kepha lokhu kunesimo sezinyosi ezincane kakhulu ze-hummingbird, kanti ezinye izinyoni zenza i-titter ebuthakathaka.

Lezi zinyoni zigcwele endaweni enkulu, zingahlala kuzo zombili izintaba namathafa, kwezinye izikhathi ogwadule. Ezinye izinhlobo zinensimu ebalulekile, kanti ezinye zihlala endaweni encane nje, enjengesiqongqo sentaba.

Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lezihlobo zama-hummingbird zihlala entshonalanga hemisphere, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke alotshwe e-Amazon. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo ezifudukayo zifudukela ezindaweni ezifudumele ebusika, zenze izindiza ezinde ziye emazweni ashisayo.

Unogada weHummingbird

Photo: Hummingbird kusuka Red Book

Ngekhulu le-XIX, izigidi zezikhumba zezinyoni zathunyelwa eYurophu ukuyohlobisa izigqoko futhi zakha ezinye izesekeli zama-fashionistas enhlokodolobha. Izikhumba ezingaphezulu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-600 ngonyaka, zehla ezimakethe zaseLondon kuphela. Ososayensi bangachaza izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-hummingbird ezinesikhumba sezinyoni ezitholakalayo kuphela. Lezi zinyoni zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba, ngenxa yokulutha komuntu ubucwebe obukhanyayo.

Ukulahleka nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kuyingozi enkulu yezinyoni namuhla. Njengoba ama-hummingbirds evame ukuzivumelanisa nendawo yokuhlala eyingqayizivele, futhi angahlala esigodini esifanayo nakwenye indawo, zonke izinhlobo ezifakwe ohlwini ezisengozini noma ezisengozini yokuqothulwa zibhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.

Ukulahleka kwendawo ebangelwa:

• izakhiwo zokuhlala nezentengiso,
• izindawo zokuvakasha nezokuzijabulisa,
• ezolimo
• ukugawulwa kwamahlathi,
• ukuthuthukiswa kwemfuyo,
• imigwaqo nojantshi.

Ngo-1987, wonke amalungu omndeni abalwa ku-CITES Appendix II, evimba ukuhweba kubantu ababodwa. Ngokufaka isicelo I, kuphela i-ramphodon enomsila obhalwe phansi. Kuma-plumage, abantu abaningi babhujiswa esikhathini esedlule. hummingbird, okuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngakho-ke, amazwe lapho kuhlala khona ama-hummingbird ukuvimbele ukuthunyelwa kwalezi zinyoni ezingavamile.

Ngabe kudlani i-hummingbird?

Elinye igama lesidlaliso elengezelelwa yilezi zinyoni - "inyosi enezinwele", likufanekisa kahle lokho elikudlayo. Njengezinyosi, ama-hummingbirds adla umpe wezimbali futhi, futhi, njengezinyosi, enza umsebenzi omuhle wokuvundiswa kwezimbali.

Kepha ama-hummingbirds awagcini emincintiswaneni yezimbali, ngokuba ngama-omnivores, futhi adla izinambuzane ezincane ezahlukahlukene ezibanjwa endiza. Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ama-hummingbird anobuqhakaza obukhulu (njengosayizi wawo omncane, kunjalo), ngoba isisindo sokudla esidliwayo ngosuku singangeqa ngisho nesisindo somuntu we-hummingbird izikhathi eziyi-1.5. Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi ngenkathi uthatha umpe, ulimi lwe-hummingbird lungena entanyeni yalembali ngesivinini esingama-20 ngomzuzwana.

Ukuzalela kweHummingbird

Isidleke se-hummingbird lapho abeka khona amaqanda aso sincane njengabafokazi baso, cishe ngosayizi wendebe encane. Lezi zinduna zakha izidleke kusuka ku-cobwebs, fluff, blade of utshani, izingcezu zamagxolo.

Ngokuvamile, uma kubekwa eyodwa, i-hummingbird ibeka amaqanda ama-2 mm ubukhulu. Owesifazane wase-hummingbird ubandakanyeka ekuqandeni amaqanda izinsuku eziyi-14 ukuya kwezingu-19, bese kuthi izinyanga eziningi kuzalwe amathole, awondle aze alungele impilo yokuzimela.