U-Count Dracula wayehlala ekhulwini le-15 eRomania. Ngemuva kwamakhulu amane eminyaka, umbhali uBram Stoker wamguqula waba yi-vampire edume kakhulu. Manje - lesi ngesinye sezithombe ezithandwa kakhulu ku-Halloween. Iyini indaba yangempela yokuphila kaVlad III, ebizwa ngokuthi amaTepes?

Ngo-Agasti 1431, injabulo enkulu kanye nenhlekelele yenzeka ngasikhathi sinye kuziphathimandla zaseRomania eWallachia. Injabulo - ngoba indlalifa yePrince Vlad II Dracula yazalwa. Umfana waqanjwa nguyise - uVlad III Dracula. Futhi ukungajabuli - ngoba ngokwemithetho yalesosikhathi, ingane kwakumelwe inikezwe imfundo kwabaseTurks. UWallachia, njengazo zonke ezinye izikhungo ezathathwa ngabaseTurkey, wakhokha intela yonyaka kumaSultan. Futhi ukuze ababusi bengakhohlwa ukukhokha intela, bathumela amadodana abo amadala. Uma inkosana iqala ukuhlubuka, khona-ke indlalifa yayo yayilinde ukuhlukunyezwa nokufa. AbakwaSly Turks babephatha izingane eziyizikhulu kahle futhi bahlakulela ukholo lwamaSulumane kuzo ukuze kuthi lapho indlalifa ibuyela ekhaya, ibenomuntu “wayo” esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Ubuntwana bukaVlad III babungafani nobuntwana bukayise nomkhulu. Wayichitha e-Adrianople, yathunjwa amaTurks. Uthisha womfana wayeyiqhawe elidala laseNairah, owayenenhloso eyodwa empilweni - ukubulala abakholwayo. Esikhathini esiningi, uNairah noVlad bachitha bengaphansi kwendlu, lapho, bethokozela amakhaphethi, babebuka ngenkathi behlukumeza izitha zeSuran Sultan. Kwake kwaba nedolobha. UNairah waletha uVlad endaweni ephakathi nendawo, lapho aqala khona ukubona uSultan Murad uqobo, ehleli esihlalweni sobukhosi. Eguqa phambi kwakhe futhi ekhothamisa ikhanda, wabona abafana ababili abaseduzane bemi eduze. "Phakamisa ikhanda lakho Vlad," kusho uMurad. “Uyabona lezi zingane? Lezi zikhulu zingomakhelwane bakho. Ubaba wabo wahlubuka ngaleyo ndlela wagweba amadodana akhe amabili ukuthi afe. Kepha inkosi yaseTurkey inesihe esikhulu futhi ibanikeza impilo. ” Okwenzekile emva kwalokho, uVlad wakhumbula impilo yonke. UMurad waphakamisa isandla, kwathi omunye wabaqaphi bakaSultan owayenomunyu waphuphuthekisa ababemusha. Ngemuva kwalesi sigameko, uVlad wanquma ukuthi, uma esebuyele ezweni lakubo, aqoqe ibutho futhi aziphindisele. Ngo-1452, ngemuva kokusweleka kabuhlungu kukayise (abashokobezi abaqhamuka enduneni yendawo baqasha ababulali ababulala uVlad II esigodlweni sakhe), wangena esihlalweni sobukhosi esingenalutho. U-Anarchy wabusa ngobunhloko, izikhulu zazibukela phansi inkosana encane - yayithunjwa nje sultan waseTurkey.

Ukuziphindisela kukaPrince

UVlad III wanquma ukugubha ukungena kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi ngezinga elikhulu. Wamemela enhlokodolobha yakhe, eTargovishte, cishe bonke ubuhle baseWallachian. Labo abakha uzungu naye wabulala ubaba wakhe. Lowo mkhosi wawunokunethezeka futhi ubumnandi. UVlad wayengunobuhle uqobo. Kepha phakathi nomkhosi, waphumela ngaphandle kwehholo ngokungalindele, izisebenzi zahluthulela iminyango ngemuva kwakhe zasha umlilo zaya egumbini. Abantu abangamakhulu amahlanu bashiswe bephila ngomlilo. Labo abakwazile ukuphunyula emlilweni, uPrince Vlad III wabeka esigxotsheni. NgesiRomania, "ukubala" kuzwakala njenge- "flail". Ngakho-ke, ngakusasa ekuseni, iPrince Vlad Dracula yaba negama elisha - uVlad Tepes, okungukuthi, uVlad the Slayer. Izifundo zikaNairah zazingezona ize kuye.

Cishe ngonyaka owodwa kamuva, uVlad III akazange akhokhe inkokhiso kwi-Sultan yaseTurkey ngesikhathi esimisiwe. Wayengenazingane, okusho ukuthi kwakungekho abathunjiweyo. AbaseTurkey babengenakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokumemezela impi ngenkosana yaseWallachian eyayihlubuka. Isu lakhe lasebenza.

USultan Murad uthumele inkulungwane yamahhashi kuWallachia, obekufanele alethe ikhanda likaDracula kuye. Kepha kwahluka. AbaseTurkey bazamile ukuheha uVlad ukuba abambe ogibeni, kepha bona uqobo bazungezwa futhi banikela. Iziboshwa ziyiswe eTargovishte zafakwa ezigxotsheni - konke kanye. Kwabakwa-Turkey Aga baseTurkey, ababayale ukugcotshwa, kwahlelwa isigxobo esinophawu lwegolide. Wafa kabuhlungu usuku lonke. Ngemuva kwalokho le sultan eyayithukuthele yathutha ibutho elikhulu eWallachia. Le mpi eyinqumayo yenzeka ngo-1461, lapho amabutho aseVlad III ehlangana nebutho laseTurkey, elaliyidlula kaningi iWallachians. Isigcawu sikaDracula sizungezwe amaTurks. Impi yayisibi, kwasinda inkosana eyodwa kuphela. Basho ukuthi maqede wanyamalala emoyeni, wanyamalala. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela amahlebezi okuthi isikhulu saziwa ngemimoya emibi. Futhi yini enye umuntu angayichaza ukuthi ibutho elincane laseWallachia ligodle amasosha angenakunqotshwa oMbuso Wase-Ottoman isikhathi eside kangaka? U-Count Dracula wabizwa i-vampire ne-ghoul. Ngekhulu le-15, lokhu kwakusho umthakathi, umpi owenze ubumbano nosathane.

Ngemuva konyaka, uMurad ngokwakhe wahola amabutho futhi wenza umkhankaso wokuthatha izinqumo. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamaTurks, amabutho eWallachian anqobekile aphoqeleka ukuba abuyele emuva. Ewela iDanube, amaTurkey ame eTargovishte. Akubona abavikeli ababebamisa - idolobha lalingenawo amasosha alo. UTargovishte wayegadwe ofile. Ifile ezigxotsheni. Ama-800 athunjwa amaTurkey kuyo yonke iminyaka. Ubukhosi baseTurkey ngezingubo ezifekethisiwe zegolide. AmaJanissaries alula anemisipha efayo ebusweni babo. Izibalo zazinameka kuyo yonke indawo - wonke amagquma angaphambi komuzi akhanywa kanye nawo. UTepes ubelokhu elungiselela lokhu “kusebenze” isikhathi eside: sonke isikhathi lapho impi ibikhona, izikhonzi zakhe zaqoqa amaTurkey ashonile asuka enkundleni yempi azibeka esitezi esingaphansi. Ukuze abafileyo bangaboli, bacwilisa uju.

Ukuze usondele esangweni, kwakudingeka ukudlula leli hlathi elingathandeki. Ngisho neSultan yaseTurkey enokhahlo yayingenawo umoya owenele kulokhu - wagula ngenxa yobulima obabungabekezeleleki. Esho amagama athi: "Yini esingayenza nale ndoda?", Wabuyela emuva wahola ibutho lakhe wahamba. Kusukela lapho, akekho noyedwa owabona uVlad III Dracula.

Igama elithi "ukulwa" ngesiRomania lisho "udrako." Ubaba kaTepes wayengumbhali we-Order of the Dragon, inhloso yakhe kwakuwukulwa namaSulumane. Babembiza kanjalo - uVlad Dragon, noma uVlad Dracula. Yebo, leli gama elibi lathathwa njengendodana yakhe, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lazidlula.

UDracula: The Return

IDramula kaBram Stoker

UVlad Dracula wavuswa ngekhulu le-19, kodwa engasalwi njengombuso woMbuso Wase-Ottoman, kodwa njenge-vampire. Lokhu kwenzeke sibonga uBram Stoker, umlobi wase-Ireland. Wayekuthanda njalo ukuhamba, futhi ehamba ngandlela thile eRomania, futhi esezwile inganekwane edabukisayo kaTepes, uStoker, ebuyela ekhaya, wabhala inoveli edumile i-vampire, eyaba yinto yakudala yohlobo lolo. Incwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1897 futhi yaba ngumthengisi wentengiso. Ngokushesha, uDracula washaya isikrini - kwavela isithombe esivelele emhlabeni wonke se-vampire sinezikhumba ezinombala, izingwebu ezinkulu namehlo amnyama ashonile. "Amalungelo" iqhawe elidumile lama-movie latholwa yinkampani i-Universal, kusukela ngo-1930 kuya ku-1960 yakhipha amafilimu ayisikhombisa mayelana no-Count Dracula.

"Kusho ukuthini igama?"

Ngakho-ke uShakespeare wabhala, futhi wanezela: "Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-rose iphunga njenge-rose ..." I-classic yayiphutha. Igama lisho lukhulu. Futhi uVlad Basarab wayenamabili kuwo:

1. "Umthelela" - ngesiRomania kusho "ukubala". Izazi-mlando zibonisa ukuthi lo mbusi wayethanda ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi ukubulala. Futhi wasebenzisa i-cola kaningi kangangokuba baqala ukumbiza nge-Vlad Tepes.

2. "Dracula." Kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe lapha. Okokuqala, ngesiRomania, "iDracula" ngu "Develi". Akusona isidlaliso esihle kakhulu sombusi waseYurophu. Kepha kusho okuningi. Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi ngubani uVlad futhi, ngasendleleni, uyise, ayebizwa ngeDracula, ngoba ayese-Order of the Dragon, eyasungulwa yinkosi yaseHungary uSigismund. Kuthiwa omunye wemisebenzi ye-oda bekuwukufuna i-elixir yobusha baphakade nokungafi. Kukholelwa ukuthi igazi lomuntu lalithathwa njengekhambi lesimangaliso. Leli licebiso lokuqala le-vampirism.

Ukubukeka

Ngekhulu lama-20, udokotela wezifo zengqondo uCesare Lombroso wayehlala e-Italy. Waduma kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi wabeka phambili umbono: ukuthambekela komuntu ezenzweni ezithile zobugebengu kuncike ekubukekeni. Ngiyazibuza ukuthi uLombroso angathini ngamaTepes. UVlad wayenekhala ende, enamehlo amnyama, ekhombisa nezindebe eziphansi. Ngokuvamile, kungenzeka ukuthi wayethathwa njenge-vampire ngenxa yokubukeka kwakhe.

Abantu noma abazuzayo?

UVlad Tepes, ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, wayengumbusi onesihluku. Ngokuvamile kuhlelwa ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi. Kulula ukubheka umuntu onjalo njengohlobo oluthile lwedeveli noma ledemoni. Ngaleso sikhathi, uDracula wasiza isonto ngokuzithandela, wabela imali yokwakha amathempeli eRomania naseGrisi.

Ngale ndlela, kunenguqulo yokuthi uVlad Tepes waba i-vampire ngoba wangena esikhundleni sobu-Orthodoxy nobuKatolika. IWallachia yayiyisifunda sama-Orthodox. Kepha amaKatolika achitha. Futhi umbusi wanikela. Kwakunamahlebezi: kubuKhatholika abadli isinkwa newayini (umzimba negazi leNkosi), okusho ukuthi uDracula uphuza ngasese igazi langempela. Kungakho ethukuthela kakhulu futhi engenamusa.

Vlad the Impiler Dracula. Iqiniso nenganekwane.

Futhi ake sixoxe ngalo mlingisi ojabulisayo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe owaba yinganekwane futhi waqamba igama lesidlaliso "ukwesabeka kwabase-Ottomans." Futhi ngasikhathi sinye zama ukuhlukanisa okubizwa ngokuthi "okusanhlamvu kumakhoba." Waba yinkosana (umbusi) waseWallachia amahlandla amathathu, wasehlala iminyaka eyi-12 ejele, ecashile izitha kaningi, wayeyisibambiso esiphilayo phakathi kwabaseTurkey, wasusa ubugebengu ebukhosini bakhe futhi engukuphela kokuphikisana namaqhawe ase-Ottoman owayenogqozi lokwesaba, egcwala komunye wokwethuka kwakhe ukubukeka enkundleni yempi.

Usuku ngqo lokuzalwa Vlad III Basaraba, futhi yindlela igama lakhe langempela elizwakala ngayo, akwaziwa ngayo. Phakathi kuka-1429 no-1431 edolobheni laseSighisoara, indodana yazalelwa emndenini wePrince Vlad II Dracula kanye nePrincess Vasilika yaseMoldavian. Sekukonke, umbusi waseWallachia wayenamadodana amane: izibulo likaMircea, uVlad ophakathi noRadu, omncane kunabo bonke - noVlad (indodana yenkosikazi yesibili yePrince Vlad II - uKoltsuna, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uVlad IV Monk). Inhlawulo ngeke isekele kwabathathu babo bokuqala. UMircea uzongcwatshwa ephila ngabafana baseWallachian eTargovishte. URadu uzoba yintandokazi yeSultan Mehmed II yaseTurkey, kanti uVlad uzoletha emndenini wakhe udumo olubi lwe-cannibal. Futhi yi-Vlad IV Monk kuphela esazophila impilo yakhe ngokwengeziwe noma kancane ngokuthula. Isilo somndeni kwakunguDrako. Kwakungunyaka wokuzalwa kukaVlad lapho uyise wangena ku-Order of the Dragon, amalungu akhe afunga ngegazi ukuvikela amaKristu kuma-Muslim Turks. Kusuka kuyise ukuthi uVlad III uzolidla ifani lakhe lesidlaliso - uDracula. Ebusheni bakhe, uVlad III wabizwa ngokuthi nguDracul (rum. Dracul, okuwukuthi, "udrako"), waqamba igama lesidlaliso sikayise ngaphandle kwezinguquko. Kodwa-ke, kamuva (ngawo-1470s) waqala ukubonisa igama lakhe lesidlaliso ngegama elithi "a" ekugcineni, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi lase lizitholele udumo olukhulu kakhulu ngale ndlela.

Ukudlula kwengane kaDracula kudlule lapha kule ndlu, egcinwe edolobheni laseSighisoara eTransylvania kuze kube manje, e-ul. I-Zhestyanschikov 5. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi eminyakeni engama-500 eyedlule isifunda saseTransylvania uqobo sishintshe ubuzwe baso, ngekhulu le-15 bekungumbuso waseHungary, kepha manje lona, ​​idolobha laseSegisoara nendlu lapho uDracula wayehlala khona noyise, umama kanye nomfowabo omdala, insimu yaseRomania.

Umndeni weNkosi yakamuva uWallachia uhlala eSegisoara kuze kube ngu-1436. Ehlobo lika-1436, ubaba kaDracula wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi eWallachian kwathi kungakashayi isikhathi sokuphela kwalowo nyaka wasusa lo mndeni usuka eSighisoara waya eTargovishte, lapho ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona inhloko-dolobha yaseWallachia. Ngokwayo yonke imibiko, uVlad III uthole imfundo enhle kakhulu yaseByzantine ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, wehlulekile ukuqeda imfundo yakhe ngokugcwele, ngoba nakwezepolitiki kwangenelela. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1442, ubaba kaDracula waxabana noJanos Hunyadi, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumbusi wangempela waseHungary, ngenxa yalokho uJanos anquma ukubeka omunye umbusi eWallachia - Basaraba II.
Ehlobo lika-1442, ubaba kaDracula waya eTurkey kuSultan Murat II eyofuna usizo, kodwa waphoqeleka ukuthi ayohlala lapho izinyanga eziyi-8. Ngalesi sikhathi, uBasarab II wazimisa eWallachia, kanti uDracula nawo wonke umndeni wakhe babecashe. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1443, ubaba kaDracula wabuya e-Turkey nebutho laseTurkey wasusa uBasaraba II. UJanos Hunyadi akazange akuphazamise lokhu, njengoba wayelungiselela impi yokulwa namaTurks. Lo mkhankaso waqala ngoJulayi 22, 1443, futhi wagcina kuze kube uJanuwari 1444. Entwasahlobo ka-1444, izingxoxo zokulwa nezempi zaqala phakathi kukaJanos Hunyadi neSultan. Ubaba Dracula wajoyina izinkulumo, kwathi uJanos avuma ukuthi uWallachia angalawulwa yiTurkey. Ngasikhathi sinye, lo sultan, efuna ukuqiniseka ukwethembeka "kumbusi waseWallachian", waphikelela "kwisibambiso" (i-aman aman yaseTurkey). Igama elithi "isibambiso" lalisho ukuthi amadodana ka "voivode" kufanele afike enkantolo yaseTurkey - okusho ukuthi, uDracula, ngaleso sikhathi owayeneminyaka engaba ngu-14 ubudala, kanye nomfowabo uRadu, owayeneminyaka engaba ngu-6. Izingxoxo noyise uDracula zaphela ngoJuni 12, 1444 konyaka. UDracula nomfowabo uRadu baya eTurkey kungakapheli ukuphela kukaJulayi 1444.

Abaphenyi banamuhla bayavumelana entweni eyodwa: kwakuseTurkey ukuthi uVlad athole uhlobo oluthile lokuhlukumezeka ngokwengqondo okwenziwe ngaye, lowo okhunjulwa ngokwesabekayo nenjabulo kulo lonke elaseRomania. Kunezinguqulo eziningana zalokho okwenzekile:
1. Umbusi wesikhathi esizayo weWallachia wahlushwa amaTurkey athambekele ekuguqukeleni ku-Islam.
2. Njengokungathi umfowabo omncane kaVlad, uRadu, wakhohliswa yindlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi saseTurkey, uMehmed, emenza isithandwa sakhe asithandayo. Lokhu kubhalwe ikakhulukazi ngumbhali wasendulo - isazi-mlando esingumGrikhi uLaonik Halkokondil. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwakhe, lesi siqephu sibhekisela enkathini yangamuva yama-1450s.
3. Ukubulawa ngesihluku kukababa wakhe kanye nomfowabo omdala ngoDisemba 1446. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yesiphithiphithi esenziwe ngabaphathi baseWallachian, ngokwesekwa ngabaseHungary. U-henchman waseHunyadi, uVladislav II, wakhuphuka udonga lwaseWallachia. Ngokuyalelwa komkhuzi waseHungary, ubaba kaDracula wanqunywa ikhanda, kwathi umfowabo kaDracula wangcwatshwa ephila.
4. Yebo, okuvame kakhulu - imikhuba esigodlweni sakwaSultan 'yayilula' kangangokuba, ngaphansi kwethonya labo, uVlad naye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wakhombisa ukuthambekela kwakhe okudumazayo. Isibonelo, ngokusho kwenganekwane, uVlad nomfowabo omncane baba ofakazi (balethwa ngokukhethekile) mayelana "nophenyo" lokwebiwa kwemifino engaziwa (mhlawumbe ikhukhamba!) Endaweni ebamba ukushisa yaseSultan. Ngayinye yalaba balimi abangu-12 abathola i-greenhouse ngasikhathi sinye noma kwesinye ngalolu suku bavula isisu, kanti owesikhombisa ngokulandelana wakuthola ababekufuna. Labo abebedatshulwe izisu zabo baba nenhlanhla, labo abebekade bedaluliwe "bavunyelwe ngomusa ukusinda", kepha isigebengu esidle lesi sithelo sathathwa sayiswa esigxotsheni sisaphila.

Ekwindla ka-1448, uDracula, kanye namabutho aseTurkey ababolekiswe yiSultan, bangena enhlokodolobha yaseWallachian - iTargovishte. Lapho kwenzeka ngempela lokhu, akwaziwa kahle, kodwa kukhona incwadi evela kuDracula yango-Okthoba 31, lapho asayina khona njengo "mbusi waseWallachia". Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokungena esihlalweni sobukhosi, uDracula uqala uphenyo ngezehlakalo ezihlobene nokufa kukayise nomfowabo. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uphenyo, uthola ukuthi okungenani izingane ezi-7 ezazisebenzela uyise zazibandakanyeka uzungu futhi zeseka iPrince Vladislav, zona zathola ukwamukelwa okuhlukahlukene.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uJanos Hunyadi noVladislav, abalahlekelwe impi enkundleni yeKosovo, bafika eTransylvania. NgoNovemba 10, 1448, uJanos Hunyadi, ngenkathi eseSighisoara, wamemezela ukuthi wethula umkhankaso wamasosha wokulwa noDracula, wambiza ngokuthi "ngumbusi" ongekho emthethweni. NgoNovemba 23, uJanos wayeseseBrasov, lapho asuka khona nebutho waya eWallachia. NgoDisemba 4, wangena eTargovishte, kepha uDracula wayevele abalekile ngaleso sikhathi.

Kusukela ngo-1448 kuya ku-1455, uVlad Dracula uhlala ekudingisweni enkantolo yamakhosi aseMoldavian. Ngo-1456, uDracula wayeseseTransylvania, lapho aqoqela khona amabutho amavolontiya ukuba aye eWallachia futhi abuye athathe ubukhosi. Ngalesi sikhathi (kusukela ngoFebhuwari 1456), ithimba lezindela zaseFrancisco eliholwa uGiovanni da Capistrano, obuye waqoqa nebutho lokuzithandela ukukhulula iConstantinople, eyathunjwa amaTurks ngo-1453, yayiseTransylvania. AmaFrancisan awazange athathe ama-Orthodox emkhankasweni, owasetshenziswa nguDracula, eheha amasosha angena ezikhundleni zawo .. Ngo-Ephreli 1456, kwavela amahlebezi kulo lonke elaseHungary ukuthi amabutho aseTurkey ayesondela emingceleni eseningizimu yombuso, eholwa uSultan Mehmed. NgoJulayi 3, 1456, encwadini ebibhalele "abakwaSaxon baseTransylvania," uJanos Hunyadi umemezele ukuthi uqoke uDracula "ongavikela izifunda zaseTransylvanian." Ngemuva kwalokho uJanos namabutho akhe basuka baya eBelgrade, eyayicishe izungezwe yibutho laseTurkey.UBelgrade waphinde walandelwa yisosha elalihlangene nemonki yamaFrancis uGiovanni da Capistrano, okwakufanele aye eConstantinople, futhi ibutho likaDracula lamisa emngceleni weTransylvania kanye noWallachia. Inkosana yaseWallachian uVladislav II, esaba ukuthi uDracula kungenzeka athathe ubukhosi lapho engekho, akahambanga ekuvikelweni kweBelgrade.

NgoJulayi 22, 1456, amabutho aseTurkey asuka enqabeni yaseBelgrade, kwathi ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, amabutho kaDracula athuthela eWallachia. Umfana waseWallachian uMane Udrishche wasiza ekutholeni amandla kuDracula, owayekade eshintshela eceleni kwakhe futhi wakhonya abanye abafana abaningi emkhandlwini wobukhosi ngaphansi kukaVladislav ukuba enze okufanayo. Ngo-Agasti 20, uVladislav wabulawa, kwathi uDracula waba yinkosana yaseWallachian okwesibili. Ezinsukwini eziyi-9 ngaphambili (Agasti 11), eBelgrade, isitha sikaDracula obekude nokuthi umbulali kababa wakhe, uJanos Hunyadi, abulawe yilesi sifo.

Egcekeni lomndeni wakhe uTargovishte Vlad waphindisela ngokufa kukayise nomfowabo omdala. Ngokwenganekwane, wamema labafana emcimbini wokuhlonipha ama-Ista (abantu abangama-500), wabe eseyalela ukuthi bababulale (njengokukhetha, ubuthi noma babeke esigxotsheni) bonke bakwenze munye. Kukholakala ukuthi kungalesi sikhathi sokubulawa kwabantu lapho kuqala umhlangano wokudlubulunda wamagazi omashiqela omkhulu uVlad Dracula. Le yindaba yezinganekwane, kepha izindaba ezingapheli zibonisa umngani - emcimbini uDracula wayesabisa abancane kuphela, futhi wasusa kuphela labo abebasola ngokuvukela umbuso. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokubusa kwakhe, wabulala ama-boyars angu-11, elungiselela ukuhlangana naye. Ukugwema usongo lwangempela, uDracula waqala ukubuyisela ukuthula ezweni. Wakhipha imithetho emisha. Ngokweba, ukubulala nodlame lwezigebengu kwakulindelwe isijeziso esisodwa kuphela - ukufa. Lapho kuqala ukubulawa komphakathi ezweni, abantu baqonda ukuthi umphathi wabo wayengahlekisi.
Kulokhu, i-Principal yaseWallachia ibuse ukulingana kweqiniso ngaphambi komthetho: akunandaba ukuthi ungubani, umfana onomuntu oneminyaka engamakhulu amathathu, noma umuntu ongumnikazi wesinxephezelo, nganoma yiluphi uhlangothi lobugebengu noma ukungalaleli isikhulu sikadrako, ukufa bekukulindele. Imvamisa futhi kubuhlungu. ILembe lithi ngale ndlela wabhubhisa bonke abampofu nalabo abangafuni ukusebenza. Kunombono wokuthi kancane kancane enze ngamabomu abantu bazesabe. Waze wakhetha izindaba ezihlukumezayo ngobuhlungu bakhe. Kepha, yini abantu abalula ngokumangazayo BALITHANDA “udrako” wabo
Umuntu wesikhathi samanje uchaza abaseWallachi njengabantu abebabayo kakhulu futhi abazikhukhumezayo. Cabanga ukumangala kwakhe lapho, ngonyaka ngemuva kokuqala kokubusa kukaVlad Dracula, umuntu wayengaphonsa uhlamvu lwemali lwegolide emgwaqweni futhi afike kusasa azoluthola lusendaweni efanayo.

Yaziwa kabanzi nangesiqephu esinezinxusa zaseTurkey, ezichazwe yinxusa laseRussia eliseHungary, uFyodor Kuritsyn ngo-1484 ku- "The Tale of Dracula Voivode":

"Ngize kuye ngivela kuye amaTurkey, futhi njalo ngangize kuye ngikhothame ngokwesiko lami, kodwa angizange ngithathe indondo yami ezahlukweni zakhe. Ubabuza wathi:" Yini isizathu sokuthi isifundiswa esikhulu kangaka enkoseni enkulu nesihlazo ngesazi sami? " Bangumhloli: "Lokhu kuwumkhuba wethu, inkosi, futhi umhlaba wethu unawo." Wabuya wathi kubo: "Futhi ngifuna ukuqinisekisa umthetho wakho, kepha yimani," futhi wabahola ngezipikili ezincane zensimbi ukushaya amakhanda emilonyeni wabayeka, imifula kubo: "qhubeka utshele inkosi yakho, iyabekezelela ihlazo lakho elivela kuwe, kepha thina asiwona amakhono, futhi ayithumeli isiko layo kwabanye ababusi, abangafuni ukuba nayo, kepha bagcine nayo."

Ngo-1461, uVlad Dracula wenqaba ukukhokhisa uSultan Mehmed. Ama-Ottomans awakuthethelelanga lokhu, kwathi ngentwasahlobo efanayo, amabutho ama-250,000 ama-Turks ahlasela iWallachia (ngokusho kwedatha yanamuhla, yayingaphansi kwe- “kuphela” izinkulungwane eziyi-100-120). Kodwa-ke, uDracula akazange alahle ithemba futhi waqala umkhankaso wokulwa nodlame wangempela nongenamusa nabanqobi. Wahlomisa wonke umuntu. Embuthweni wakhe we-30,000, abalingisi nabahloniphekayo, izindela nabaphangi, ngisho nabesifazane nezingane kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10, balwa ndawonye nabaseTurkey. NgoJulayi 17, 1461, ngenxa "yokuhlasela ebusuku" edumile, amabutho kaVlad anqoba futhi aphoqa ibutho elikhulu leMehmed II ukuba libuyele emuva. Iziboshwa zaseTurkey kusuka ngonyaka ka-2000 kuya ku-4000 abantu abathathwe kule mpi bafakwa ezigxotsheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphathi abaphezulu bezikhonkwane abanezeluleko zegolide, izikhulu ngezibalo ezinezeluleko zesiliva, kahle, amasosha ajwayelekile kufanele aneliseke ngomuthi ojwayelekile. Ngisho nangezindinganiso zaseTurkey, ukuphindisela okunjalo bekukuncane kakhulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uVlad athole khona igama lakhe lesidlaliso lesi-Ottoman - Kazykly (tour. Kazıklı from the tour tour. Kazık [kazyk] - "count"). Okusho ukuthi, ihunyushwe ngokuthi "kolshik", noma "spiker". Kamuva, kwakuyisidlaliso lesi esasimane siguqulelwa nje ngqo esiRomania - iTepes (rum. Țepeș). Uma ufingqa amagama adume kakhulu nezidlaliso zakwaVlad, uthola: UVlad III Dragon the Spinner. Umsindo huh?

Ngawo lowo nyaka ka-1461, kulandela ukukhashelwa kwenkosi yaseHungary uMatthias Korvin Dracula, waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele eHungary, lapho kamuva aboshwe ngamacala angamanga okusebenzisana nabaseTurkey futhi wachitha iminyaka eyi-12 ejele.

Ngo-1475, uVlad III Dracula wadedelwa ejele laseHungary futhi waphinde waqala ukuhlanganyela emikhankasweni yokulwa nabaseTurkey. NgoNovemba 1475, yena njengengxenye yebutho laseHungary (njengomunye wabaholi bezempi beNkosi uMatthias, "induna yobukhosi") waya eSerbia, lapho kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari 1476 wabamba iqhaza ekuvinjezelweni kwenqaba yaseTurkey yase-Šabac. NgoFebhuwari 1476, wabamba iqhaza empini yokulwa namaTurkey eBosnia, kwathi ehlobo lika-1476, kanye nenye "induna yasebukhosini" uStefan Batori, inkosana yaseMoldova uStefan the Great wasiza ekuzivikeleni ngabaseTurkey.
NgoNovemba 1476, uVlad Dracula, ngosizo lukaStefan Batori noStefan the Great, wagumbuqela indlovukazi yaseWallachian Laiot Basarab yaseTurkey. NgoNovemba 8, 1476, iTargovishte yathathwa. IBucharest yathathwa ngoNovemba 16th. NgoNovemba 26, umhlangano jikelele wabantu abahlonishwayo baseWallachia wakhetha uDracula njengenkosana yabo.
Ngemuva kwalokho amabutho kaStefan Batori noStefan the Great ashiya eWallachia, futhi lawo masosha kuphela ayengaphansi kwakhe ngqo (cishe abantu abangama-4,000) asala noVlad Dracula. Kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho, uVlad wabulawa ngokukhohlisa ekuqaleni kukaLaota Basaraba, kodwa imithombo ihlukile ezindabeni eziphathelene nendlela yokubulala kanye nababulala ngqo.
Ababhali bezindaba zakudala uJames Unrest noJan Dlugos bakholelwa ukuthi wabulawa yinceku yakhe, efumbathiswa ngabaseTurkey. Umlobi we-The Tale of the Dracula Governor Fyodor Kuritsyn ukholelwa ukuthi uVlad Dracula wabulawa ngesikhathi sempi namaTurks.
Okunye okulondoloziwe ubufakazi benkosana yaseMoldavia uStefan, owasiza uVlad ukuthi athathe isihlalo sobukhosi eWallachian:
"Ngiqoqe masosha masinyane, kwathi lapho efika, ngahlangana nelinye lamaphini asebukhosini, kwathi, ngokubambisana, saletha amandla iDracula esivele ngenhla. Lapho efika emandleni, wasicela ukuthi sibashiye kuye abantu bethu njengonogada, ngoba ebengabethembi kakhulu ama-Vlachs, futhi ngimshiye kubantu bakhe abangama-200, kwathi lapho ngikwenzile, sahamba (nenduna yenkosi), futhi ukuthi umgibeli uBasarabh wabuyela khona manjalo futhi, lapho ethole uDrahulu, owayesele ngaphandle kwethu, wambulala, bonke kodwa bangu-10 abantu ababulewe nabo. "

Isisekelo sazo zonke izinganekwane ezizayo mayelana nokungahloniphi kwegazi kombusi okwakungakaze kwenzeke kwakuyincwadi eyahlanganiswa ngumlobi ongaziwa (mhlawumbe ngomyalo wenkosi yaseHungary) futhi eyashicilelwa eJalimane ngo-1463. Kulapho lapho okokuqala ngqa noma yiziphi izincazelo zokubulawa nokuhlukunyezwa kukaDracula kwatholakala, nazo zonke izindaba zokuhlukunyezwa kwakhe.
Ngokombono ongokomlando, isizathu sokungabaza ukuthembeka kolwazi olwethulwe kulo mbhalo sikhulu kakhulu. Phezu kwesithakazelo esisobala sobukhosi baseHungary ekuphindweni kwalombhalo (isifiso sokufihla iqiniso lokuthi iNkosi yaseHungary yantshontsha isamba esikhulu esabelwe isihlalo sobupapa eCrusade), akukho lapho kubhekwe khona ngaphambili kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindaba ze- “pseudo-folklore”.

Uhlu lokuhlukunyezwa kweVlad Dracula Tepes kulo mbhalo ongaziwa:
Kunecala elaziwayo lapho amaTepes ebutha ama-boyars angaba ngu-500 futhi ababuza ukuthi bangaki ababusi ngamunye wabo abakhumbulayo. Kwavela ukuthi ngisho omncane kubo ukhumbula okungenani ukubusa okungu-7. Impendulo kaTepesh bekuwumzamo wokuqeda lo myalelo - zonke izinsana zabekwa esigxotsheni zembiwa ezungeze amakamelo eTepes enhlokodolobha yakhe iTargovishte,
Indaba elandelayo nayo inikezwe: umthengisi wakwelinye izwe owafika eWallachia waphangwa. Ufaka isikhalazo kuTepes. Ngenkathi isela libanjwa futhi lifakwa esigxotsheni, kufakwa esikhwameni umthengisi nge-oda lamaTepes, lapho kukhona uhlamvu lwemali olwedlula olwalukhona. Umthengisi, esethole okungaphezulu, ngokushesha wazisa amaTepes. Uhleka athi: "Wenze kahle, bengingasho ukuthi - ubuyohlala esigxotsheni nesela,"
I-Tepes ithola ukuthi kunezinxibi eziningi ezweni. Uyawahlanganisa, adle anele futhi amakheli ngombuzo: “Ungathanda yini ukuqeda ukuhlupheka komhlaba kuze kube phakade?” Impendulo enhle, amaTepes avale iminyango namafasitela bese eshisa bonke abaqoqiwe bephila,
Kunendaba ephathelene nonkosikazi ozama ukukhohlisa uTepes ngokukhuluma ngokukhulelwa kwakhe. UTepesh uxwayisa yena ukuthi akababekezeleli amanga, kodwa uqhubeka nokugcizelela eyakhe, bese i-Tepesh iklebhu ivula isisu sayo bese imemeza: "Bengithi angithandanga iqiniso."
Kubuye kuchazwe icala lapho uDracula ebuza izindela ezimbili ezizulazulayo umbuzo wokuthi bathini abantu ngombuso wakhe. Enye yezindela yaphendula ukuthi inani labantu baseWallachia bamsola ngokuthi uyisidalwa esinesihluku, omunye wathi wonke umuntu uyamdumisa ngokuthi ungumkhululi ngokusongela abaseTurkey nosopolitiki ohlakaniphile. Eqinisweni, obunye futhi obunye ubufakazi babunokulunga ngendlela yabo. Futhi le ndaba ibuye inamanqamu amabili. "Kwinguqulo" yaseJalimane, uDracula wenza owokuqala ngoba wayengayithandi inkulumo yakhe. Engqulweni ye-legend yaseRussia, umbusi washiya induna yokuqala iphila, wakhipha owesibili ngamanga,
Obunye bobufakazi obuqandeke kakhulu nobunembe kakhulu kunabo bonke kule dokhumenti buthi uDracula wayethanda ukuba nesidlo sasekuseni endaweni yokubulawa noma indawo yempi esanda kwenzeka. Wayala ukuba amlethele itafula nokudla, wahlala phansi wadla phakathi kwabafileyo futhi washona engozini. Kukhona futhi okungeziwe kule ndaba, ethi inceku eyaphaka ukudla kukaVlad ayikwazanga ukuhogela iphunga lokubola futhi, yathinta umphimbo wayo ngezandla, yaphosa ithreyi phambi kwakhe. UVlad wambuza ukuthi kungani ekwenzile. "Akunawo amandla okubekezelela, iphunga elibi," kuphendula unforton. UVlad washesha wamyalela ukuba abethelwe esigxotsheni, esasingamamitha ambalwa ubude kunesinye, ngemuva kwalokho wamemeza encekwini esaphila: “Uyabona! Manje ungaphezu kwakho konke, futhi iphunga alikufinyeleli ”,
Ngokobufakazi bendaba yakudala yaseRussia, uTepesh wayala ukuba izitho zabesifazane abangathembekile nabafelokazi bephule imithetho yobumsulwa ukuthi inqunywe isikhumba lihlafunwe, kuveze ukuthi izidumbu zaze zabola isidumbu futhi zisidla ngezinyoni, noma zenze okufanayo, kodwa ngaphambili zaze zababhoboza nge-poker evela ku-perineum emlonyeni
Efika kuyena efuna ukuqashelwa, amanxusa oMbuso Wase-Ottoman, uDracula ubuze lo mbuzo: "Kungani bengazikhumulanga izihlokwana phambi komphathi we-Orthodox?" Ngokuzwa impendulo ukuthi bazokwembatha amakhanda abo kuphela phambi kweSultan, uVlad wayala ukuthi izipikili ziphathwe okokugqokisa amakhanda.

Imifanekiso nje yale "dokhumenti" kusuka ku-1463

Kodwa-ke, izazi-mlando zanamuhla ziyaziphika lezi zinhlobo zamafilimu asabekayo, zibheka njengezingamanga. Yize uTepesh abeka abantu ukubalwa ngamakhulu, namaTurks (ngokusobala angazange awabala njengabantu) ngisho nasezinkulungwaneni. Futhi "ukwethembeka" kwezifundo zakhe kwathengwa izimpilo zabantu abayi-15% baseWallachia. Wayesatshwa kanyekanye ukuquleka, ukuzondwa, ukukhonzwa ngezithombe nokuthandwa. Bambalwa ababusi besikhathi esiphakathi abakhipha leyo mizwa engqubuzanayo phakathi kwalabo abaseduze nabo.
Futhi enye "impilo" edume kakhulu kaVlad Tepes Dracula yaqala ngekota yokuqala ye-XX century, ngemuva kokuqala kwenoveli kaBram Stoker ethi "Dracula".

Ngokusho kwenganekwane, inhloko yeWallachia, uVlad III, uBasarab Dracula, owaziwa ngokuthi yiTepes, ungcwatshwe lapha: esigodlweni sezindela saseKomana, esasungulwa nguVlad eminyakeni eyi-15 eyedlule.

Noma eSontweni Lokumenyezelwa eSnagov.