Izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-sand gazelle zifaka ama-subspecies ama-2: i-G. I. marica kanye no-G. I leptoceros, zombili eziseNcwadini ebomvu.
Lawa ma-gazelles ajwayelekile enyakatho yeSahara, atholakala eGibhithe, e-Algeria, eSudan, ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zaseChad nasePhalamende lase-Arabia.
I-sandy gazelle (Gazella leptoceros).
Ukuvela kwembaza yesihlabathi
Umbala wesihlabathi ungubukhulu obuphakathi: lapho ibuna ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-70, futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-30.
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-gazelle yesihlabathi ngumbala okhanya kakhulu wesihlabathi-ophuzi onamabala aphaphathekile. Izimpondo ziqonde futhi zizacile kakhulu. Umsila umnyama ngaphezu komzimba wonke, ichopho lakhe limnyama. Amahlosi mancane futhi mide, isimo sawo sigqitshwe ngokuqinile, esiza inqubo yokuhamba esihlabathini.
Indlela yokuphila yesihle
ISand gazelle iyisilwane esilahliwe ngempela, izizwa imnandi phakathi kwesihlabathi nezindunduma. I-sandy gazelle ihlala ezimeni lapho kungeziningi khona izilwane eziningi.
Izici zesici sejazi lesihlabathi yisigaxa sobuso esingacacile, ibala elimnyama emsileni namawela anwetshiwe ukuvimbela ukucwilisa esihlabathini.
Uma kuba nesomiso esibi, amagabazi esihlabathi ngokuvamile ashiya izindunduma ayofuna ukudla.
Lolu hlobo luhlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kubantu, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ufunde ngezici zabamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ngendlela efanele, ulwazi ngalezi zibazi lungelona iqiniso.
Ukuncishiswa Kwesand Gazelle
Abambalwa kuphela abakholelwa emvelweni abakwazi ukubona le mbabala endle, kodwa phambilini babebaningi futhi bebhekwa njengezakhamizi zaseSahara ezijwayelekile. Njengoba izindunduma zinamagquma, futhi esihlabathini ungasondela esilwaneni buthule, kulula ukubamba inyamazane. Ama-Arabhu azingela inyamazane ngendlela ekhethekile, abambe ingane, kuthi lapho umama egijimela ekhala kuyo, abulale insikazi. Kanjalo baqothula iningi lezilwane. Namuhla, ama-gazelles esihlabathi anyamalala ezindaweni eziningi enyakatho yeSahara.
Ama-sand gazelle ahlala emathafeni awugwadule, kepha kwesinye isikhathi angena ezindaweni ezinamagquma.
Ngo-1897, uWhitaker, owabhala ngeTunisia, waphawula ukuthi ama-Arabhu amaningi abhubhisa ama-gazelles esihlabathi, minyaka yonke abahambisi baletha amapondo angaphezu kwama-500 ezimpondo zabo eGabes, kuthi amaFrance azithenge ngokuzithandela.
Namuhla, izinkulungwane zama-gazelles asindile eNhlonhlo yase-Arabia, kepha abazingeli bezimoto bababhubhisa laba bantu bangabanye. Njengoba kungekho mininingwane eqondile ngempilo yama-gazelles esihlabathi, kunzima ukuthola inani labo. Kepha kuyacaca impela ukuthi lezi zilwane zabulawa kanjani ngokungenasibindi emashumini eminyaka amuva. Kuyacaca ukuthi inani lama-gazelles esihlabathi lehlile kakhulu, kepha mhlawumbe isimo asikabi sibucayi.
Imbaza yesihlabathi ayigadiwe kuyo yonke indawo ehlala kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane azihlali ezitolo futhi azihlali emapaki ezwe. Isimo esidabukisayo kanjalo siyasebenza kwezinye izinhlobo zasogwadule.
Inani eliphelele lalezi zilwane lilinganiselwa kubantu abadala abangaphansi kuka-2500, ngakho-ke ibhena lesihlabathi libhekwa “njengengcupheni”.
Lezi zilwane zikwazile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima zasehlane lapho izinto eziningi eziphilayo zingenakuba khona, kepha azivunyelwe ukusinda.
Kwenzeka iphutha elikhulu nelingalungiseki uma abantu bevumela ukufa kwezinhlobo. Uma usondela enkingeni yokulondoloza izinhlobo zezilwane ngendlela efanele, ibhele lesihlabathi lingaba ngumthombo wokudla kwamaprotheni ezindaweni lapho imfuyo ingakwazi ukusinda.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
I-Antelope - incazelo, izici, isakhiwo, isithombe
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinsizwa zingezindlela ezihlukile zozalo kanye nemindeni engezansi, zonke zihlanganyela izici ezithile ezihlukile. Ezinye izilwane zinomzimba omuhle, ezinye zinzima futhi zinkulu kakhulu, kepha zonke izithondana zinemilenze emide, emincane.
Ukukhula okumaphakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni kungaba ngu-100 cm onesisindo somzimba cishe esingu-150 kg.
I-antelope enkulu kunazo zonke, iCanna vulgaris (I-Taurotragus oryx), inobude obungu-1,6 m, ubude bomzimba obubalelwa ku-3 m, futhi isisindo sezinto ezithile zafinyelela i-1 ton. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna khona mthambeka omfushane (I-Neotragus pygmaeus) ungama-25-30 cm kuphela, kanti isisindo somthamo omfushane wehluka phakathi kuka-1.5 no-3.6 kg.
I-canna ejwayelekile. Izithombe ngu: Pkuczynski
Dwarf Antelope. Izithombe ngu: Klaus Rudloff
Umzimba we-antelopes umbozwe izinwele ezimfishane, ezilukhuni, umbala wazo uphethwe yimibala egqamile egqamile kusuka ebomvu-nsundu kuya esifubeni kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-artiodactyl zinombala esihlabathini nasempunga, kwezinye izithombana umbala we-juicy main body umehluko onesisu esimhlophe esimhlophe.
Abesilisa bezintambo eziningi bagqoka imfishane emfishane yomgogodla kanye nentshebe eminyene. Imisila ye-antelopes igcina ngesixha sezinwele - ibhulashi.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-antelope, njengezinyamazane, zinezindlala ezingaphambi kokubeletha, okuyimfihlo yazo amadoda ezimaka insimu yazo.
Amakhanda aphakeme azo zonke izimpondo ezihlobisa izimpondo ezikhula yonke impilo yazo, ahlukaniswa ngezimo ezahlukahlukene nobukhulu, kepha awalona igatsha, ngokwesibonelo, ngamazolo. Izimpondo zimelwe ngababili, ngaphandle kwalolo luthi olunezimpondo ezine (lunamabhangqa ama-2 ezimpondo).
Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyamazane, abesilisa kuphela abafaka izimpondo, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo zabathwali, amakhanda abantu bobabili ubulili abahlobisa. Ubude bezimpondo zezimpondo buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-2 cm kuya ku-1.5 metres, futhi ukuma kwabo kungahlukahluka kakhulu: kwezinye izinhlobo izimpondo ziguqulwe emuva ngendlela yesibhakela eside, kwezinye izimpondo zinohlobo lwenkomo noma ziqhekeke futhi zihlanganiswe kusuka kumasongo amaningi.
Izimpondo ezakheke njengombala we-impala wesilisa zifinyelela ku-92 cm ubude. Isithombe ngu-Muhammad Mahdi Karim
Esigungwini esikhulu, izimpondo ezisontwe yisiga zitholakala ekhanda, zifinyelela kumitha eli-1 ubude. Izithombe ngu: Hans Hillewaert
Izimpondo ezibukhali zethotho le-Oryx zingakhula zibe ngamamitha ayi-1,5 ubude. Izithombe ngu: Yathin S Krishnappa
Ezintobeni ezinezimpondo ezine, izimpondo zikhula emadodeni kuphela. Umbhangqwana ongasemuva ufinyelela kubude be-10 cm, ngaphambili - 4 cm. Ngesinye isikhathi i-front yezimpondo ayibonakali nhlobo.
Isidleke isilwane esinamahloni futhi saziwa ngokuphendula kwaso ngokushesha engozini.
Ngenxa yemilenze emide, izintuthwane zigijima kahle futhi ziphakathi kwezilwane eziyishumi ezisheshayo emhlabeni: ijubane lasendlebeni lifinyelela ku-55-80 km / h, kanti i-American antelope willorog yeqa ku-88,5 km / h uma kunesidingo futhi ingeyesibili kuphela kubhungwana ekugijimeni okuphezulu.
IPronghorn isilwane sesibili esisheshayo emhlabeni ngemuva kwengulule.
Isitha Antelope
Ama-Antelope anezitha eziningi: emvelweni, izisulu ezinkulu ziyazibhubhisa - amahlosi, amabhubesi, izingwe, izimfene. Umonakalo obalulekile wabantu ubangelwa ngumuntu, ngoba inyama ye-antelope ibhekwa njengemnandi kakhulu futhi imnandi phakathi kwabantu abaningi.
Isilinganiso sobude besikhathi se-antelope emvelweni siyiminyaka eyi-12 kuye kwengama-20.
Ahlala kuphi ama-antelope?
Iningi le-antelope lihlala eNingizimu Afrika, inani elithile lezinhlobo litholakala e-Asia. Izinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela ezihlala eYurophu: i-chamois ne-saiga (saiga). Izinhlobo eziningana zihlala eNyakatho Melika, njenge-pronghorn.
Ezinye izinyamazane zihlala emaqeleni nasezintabeni, ezinye zithanda indawo eminyene nehlathi, ezinye zichitha impilo yazo yonke ezintabeni.
Ngabe udla imilozi ngemvelo?
I-antelope iyi-herbivore ebunjiwe, isisu sayo sinamakamelo ama-4, okuvumela ukugaya ukudla kwesitshalo okucebile ku-cellulose. Ama-Antelopes ayaluka ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa, lapho ukushisa kuncipha, futhi efuna ukudla kuhlale kuhamba njalo.
Ukudla kwama-antelope amaningi kuqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhambi, amaqabunga ezihlahla ezingapheli nezihlahla zezihlahla ezincane. Ezinye izinyamazane zidla ama-algae, izithelo, izithelo, izindunduma, izitshalo eziqhakazayo, nama-lichens. Ezinye izinhlobo azikhathaleli ekudleni, ezinye zithanda kakhulu futhi zidla izinhlobo zamakhambi ezichazwe ngokuqinile, futhi ngenxa yalokho zithutha ngezikhathi ezithile zifuna umthombo oyinhloko wokudla.
Ama-Antelopes ayizwa kahle imvula esondelayo futhi anqume ngokunembile indlela oqonde kuyo ngokuqondisa kotshani obusha.
Esimweni sezulu esishisayo sase-Afrika, izinhlobo eziningi zezintuthwane zingahamba ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside, zidla utshani obugcwele umswakama.
Izinhlobo zezitha, izithombe namagama
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-antelopes akuyona njalo futhi okwamanje kufaka phakathi imindeni eyisisekelo eyisi-7, efaka izinhlobo eziningi ezithokozisayo:
- I-Wildebeest noma i-wildebeest(Ama-Connochaetes)
I-antelope yase-Afrika, luhlobo lwezilwane ze-artiodactyl ze-Bubal subfamily, kufaka nezinhlobo ezi-2: zasendle emnyama nesibhakabhaka.
- Imfezi emnyamayena i-wildebeest emhlophe noma i-wildebeest(I-Connochaetes gnou)
enye yezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke ze-african antelope. U-Antelope uhlala eNingizimu Afrika. Ukukhula kwesilisa cishe cishe kuya ku-11-6 cm1 cm, futhi ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 enesisindo somzimba esingu-160 kuye kuma-270 kg, kuthi izinsikazi ziphawulwe kancane ngosayizi kuya kwabesilisa. Izindondo zabobabili ubulili zimdaka onsundu noma zimnyama, izinsikazi zilula kunabesilisa, futhi imisila yezilwane ihlala imhlophe. Izimpondo zozwane lwase-Afrika zisesimweni sezingwegwe, zikhula kuqala phansi, bese ziye phambili nangaphezulu. Ubude bezimpondo zezithambo zabesilisa ezithile bufika ku-78 cm. Intshebe emnyama emnyama ikhula ebusweni benswebe emnyama, kuthi faha elimhlophe elinamathiphu amnyama ahlobise uthotho lwentamo.
- Uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka(I-Connochaetes taurinus)
likhulu kancane kunelimnyama. Ukukhula okujwayelekile kwezintuthwane kungama-115-145 cm anesisindo esingu-168 kuya ku-274 kg. Izinyoni zasendle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zathola igama lazo ngenxa yombala wejazi eliluhlaza okotshani, nemivimbo emile mpo, efana ne-zebra, zitholakala ezinhlangothini zezilwane. Umsila ne-mane ye-antelopes imnyama, izimpondo zohlobo lwenkomo, zimnyama grey noma zimnyama. I-Blue wildebeest ihlukaniswa ngokudla okukhetha kakhulu: izinyamazane zidla amakhambi ezinhlobo ezithile, ngakho-ke ziyaphoqelelwa ukuthuthela ezindaweni ezinemvula nokudla okudingekile lapho sekukhulile. Izwi lesilwane likhala kakhulu futhi liyakhala emakhaleni. Cishe abantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-1.5 izinyoni zasendle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezihlala eziluhlaza zasolwandle ezihlala emazweni ase-Afrika: iNamibia, iMozambiki, iBotswana, iKenya kanye neTanzania, ama-70% abantu bagxile eSerengeti National Park.
- Nyala noma ithole nyala(Tragelaphus angasii)
I-African Horn antelope evela engwezaneni yasehlathini ese-subfamily bovine ne-genus. Ukuphakama kwezilwane kucishe kube ngu-110 cm, futhi ubude bomzimba bufika ku-140 cm. Isisindo sezithambo zabantu abadala sisukela ku-55 kuye ku-125 kg. Abesilisa bakwaNyala bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Kulula kakhulu ukwahlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane: izinsikazi ezinombala onsomi zigqoka izimpondo zesikhafu ezinamathiphu amhlophe angama-60 kuye kwangama-83 cm, zibe ne-mane eshintshashintshayo egijima ngemuva, nezinwele ezigobekile zilenga kusuka phambi kwentamo kuya egreyini. Izintokazi zaseNyala azinazimpondo futhi zihlukaniswa ngumbala onsundu. Kubantu bobabili ubulili, imivimbo efinyelela ku-18 yemibala emhlophe ibonakala kahle ezinhlangothini. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwe-antelope ngamahlamvu amasha ezihlahla ezincane, utshani busetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo i-nyala yizindawo ezinamatshe aminyene ezindaweni eziseZimbabwe naseMozambiki. Izilwane beziyengelwa naseziqiwini zikazwelonke zaseBotswana naseNingizimu Afrika.
- Ukubuka okuhlobene - intaba nyala(Tragelaphus buxtoni)
ihluka emzimbeni omkhulu ngokuqhathaniswa ne-nyala engenalutho. Ubude bomzimba womuthi wezintaba buyi-150-180 cm, ukuphakama kwabuna cishe imitha eyi-1, izimpondo zabesilisa zifinyelela ku-1 m ubude. Isisindo se-antelope siyahluka phakathi kuka-150 no-300 kg. Uhlobo luhlala lodwa esifundeni sezintaba sase-Ethiopia Esiphezulu kanye ne-East African Rift Valley.
- I-antelope yamahhashiyena ukukhothama kwamahhashi antelope(IHippotragus equinus)
I-antelope enezimpondo ze-saber yase-Afrika, engomunye wabamele lo mndeni omkhulu kunabo bonke ubude obungamamitha ayi-1,6 nesisindo somzimba esifinyelela kuma-300 kg. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-227- 288. Ngokubonakala kwaso, isilwane sifana nehhashi. Ijazi eliminyene le-antelope linombala onsundu onsomi ngombala obomvu, kanti imaskhi emnyama nomhlophe 'ipendwe' ebusweni. Amakhanda abantu bobabili ubulili ahlotshiswe ngezindlebe eziphakeme ngamakhekhe ezinkambeni nezimpondo ezicijile kahle eziqondiswe emuva emuva. Iningi lezinyamazane zamahhashi lidla utshani noma i-algae, futhi lezi zilwane azidli amahlamvu kanye namahlumela ezihlahlana. I-antelope ihlala kumasoseji aseNtshonalanga, eMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika.
- IBongo(Tragelaphus eurycerus)
uhlobo oluyindida lwesizalo sase-Afrika esisohlwini lwe-International Red Book. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingokwasenkulukazi esebusika kanye nohlobo lwethafa lasehlathini. I-Bongos ziyizilwane ezinkulu: ukuphakama ekushwabeni kokuqothuka kwabantu abavuthiwe kufinyelela ku-1-1.3 m, futhi isisindo singama-200 kg. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlukaniswa ngombala obomvana obomvu, obomvu njengobhontshisi omhlophe ezinhlangothini zabo, iziqhingi zoboya obumhlophe emilenzeni yabo kanye nendawo emhlophe yenyanga esifubeni. Izinganekwane zeBongo zikhetheni futhi zijabulela ukudla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zotshani bamahlamvu nezihlahla. Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo idlula emahlathini angenakungeneka nezindawo zezintaba e-Afrika Ephakathi.
- I-Antelope enezimpondo ezine(I-Tetracerus quadricornis)
i-anelope engavamile yase-Asia kanye nommeleli kuphela wama-bovid, ikhanda lakhe elihlotshisiwe hhayi nge-2, kodwa ngezimpondo ezi-4. Ukukhula kwalezi zinsika kungaba ngu-55-54 cm onesisindo somzimba esingadluli kuma-22 kg. Umzimba wezilwane umbozwe izinwele ezinsundu, ezihlukanisa nesisu esimhlophe. Abesilisa kuphela abaphethe izimpondo: umbhangqwana ongaphambili wezimpondo ufinyelela ku-4 cm, futhi esikhathini esiningi cishe awabonakali, izimpondo zangemuva zikhula zize zifinyelele ku-10 cm ukuphakama. I-antelope enezimpondo ezine idla otshanini futhi ihlala ehlathini laseNdiya naseNepal.
- Cow antelopeyena Hlangana, bubuthi be-steppe noma bubal ejwayelekile(Alcelaphus buselaphus)
Lesi isithasiselo sase-Afrika esivela ku-Bubal subfamily. AmaCononis ayizilwane ezinkulu ezinobude obungamamitha ayi-1,3 nobude bomzimba kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-2. Isichotho senkomo sinesisindo esingama-200 kg. Ngokuya ngo-subspecies, umbala woboya beCongo uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo kuya kofishi obumnyama, kuphathelene nephethini emnyama evele esihlakaleni, kuthi amamaki amnyama asemilenzeni. Izimpondo zikanokusho ezifika ku-70 cm ubude zigqokwa ngabantu bobabili ubulili; ukwakheka kwazo kuyinyanga ye-crescent, egobile emaceleni kuya phezulu. Izinkomo zenkomo zidla amakhambi namaqabunga ezihlahla. Abamele izinkampani ezingaphansi kweCongoni zihlala kulo lonke i-Afrika: ukusuka eMorocco kuya eGibhithe, e-Ethiopia, eKenya naseTanzania.
- Imfezi emnyama(IHippotragus niger)
I-antelope yase-Afrika, engokwaluphi uhlobo lwe-antineope, umndeni wama-antelope anezimpondo ze-saber. Ukukhula komthambo omnyama kungaba ngu-130 cm onesisindo somzimba esifinyelela kuma-230 kg. Amadoda amadala ahlukaniswa umbala omnyama onsundu, ohlukanisa kahle isisu esimhlophe. Amaduna nezinsikazi ezincane zinombala onsomi noma onsundu. Izimpondo, zigobekile emuva ku-semicircle futhi enenqwaba yezindandatho, zinabantu bobabili ubulili. Izithambo ezimnyama zihlala emaqeleni asuka eKenya, eTanzania nase-Ethiopia ukuya eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
- Kanna Ungu i-canna ejwayelekile(I-Taurotragus oryx)
i-antelope enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngaphandle, i-canna ibukeka njengenkomo, imncanyana nje kuphela, nobukhulu besilwane bumhlaba umxhwele: ukuphakama lapho ukuncipha kwabantu abadala kungamamitha ayi-1.5, ubude bomzimba bufika kumamitha ayi-2-3, kanti isisindo somzimba singasukela ku-500 kuye ku-1000 kg. I-canna ejwayelekile inejazi elinombala ophuzi, eliba mpunga ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka entanyeni namahlombe ngobudala. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa yimisipha yesikhumba entanyeni kanye nesixakaxaka sobunwele esinqeni. Izici ezihlukile zozungezandlebe zivela emigqeni ekhanyayo emibili kuya kwayi-15 ngaphambili kwesiqu, amahlombe amakhulu nezimpondo eziqondile ezihlobisa abesifazane nabesilisa. Ukudla kwe-canon kuqukethe amakhambi, amahlamvu, kanye nama-rhizomes kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa, okuyizilwane ezikhishwa emhlabathini ngezinselo zangaphambili. I-eland antelope ihlala emathafeni nasezintabeni zezinyawo e-Afrika yonke, ngaphandle kwezifunda zasentshonalanga nezasenyakatho.
- I-antelope antelopeyena imfeneI-Neotragus pygmaeus)
elincane kunawo wonke ama-antelope, lingelezifihlana ezingaphansi zezangqa zangempela. Ukukhula kwesilwane esidala kufinyelela kancane ku-20-23 cm (kuyaqabukela ku-30 cm) ngesisindo somzimba esingu-1.5 kuye ku-3.6 kg. Isichotho esisebangeni elisanda kuzalwa sinesisindo esingama-300 g futhi singangena entanjeni yomuntu. Izingalo zezinyamazane zesizalo zinde kakhulu kunangaphambili, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka kunexhala, izilwane ziyakwazi ukweqa zifinyelele ku-2,5 m ubude.Abadala namawundlu anombala ofanayo futhi anejazi elinombala obomvu, kuphela i-chin, isisu, ingaphakathi lemilenze nesigaxa somsila zipendwe mhlophe. Amaduna akhula izimpondo ezincane ezimnyama ngesimo sesigaxa nobude obungu-2,5-3,5 cm. I-antelope emfushane idla amaqabunga nezithelo. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yezilwane ezincelisayo amahlathi aminyene aseNtshonalanga Afrika: iLiberia, iCameroon, iGuinea, neGhana.
- I-Common Gazelle (Gazella gazella)
isilwane esivela ekuhlolweni kwangempela kwezitha zangempela. Ubude bomzimba we-gazelle buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-98-115 cm, isisindo - ukusuka ku-16 kuye ku-29,5 kg. Izinsikazi zilula ukwedlula abesilisa futhi zingamasentimitha ayi-10 ubukhulu.Umzimba wensana ejwayelekile mncane, intamo kanye nemilenze yinde, i-croup yesigaxa somqhele sigqoka umsila ubude obungu-8-13 cm. Izimpondo zamaduna zifinyelela ku-22-29 cm ubude, kwabesifazane izimpondo zimfushane - zingu-6 kuphela -12 cm. Umbala wejazi eceleni nangezinhlangothi umnyama onsundu, esiswini, kugoqekile futhi ngaphakathi kwemilenze ijazi limhlophe. Imvamisa lo mkhawulo wemibala uhlukaniswa umugqa omnyama omangalisayo. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinhlobo imivimbo emhlophe esizalweni, esidonsa ngokuqondile kusuka ezimpondweni ngamehlo ukuya ekhaleni lesilwane. Insephe evamile ihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasehlane lakwa-Israyeli naseSaudi Arabia, e-UAE, e-Yemen, eLebanon nase-Oman.
- I-Impala noma i-antelope enekhanda elimnyama (I-Aepyceros melampus)
Ubude bomzimba wabamele balezinhlobo buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-120-160 cm ukuphakama lapho kubuna ngo-75-95 cm nesisindo esingama-40 kuye kuma-80 kg. Abesilisa bagqoka izimpondo ezimise okwenziwe ngo-lyre, ubude bawo buvame ngaphezu kwama-90 cm. Umbala wejazi umdaka, futhi izinhlangothi zikhanya kancane. Isisu, indawo yesifuba, kanye nentamo nesilevu kumhlophe. Ezinyaweni ezingemuva ezinhlangothini zombili kunemivimbo emnyama egqamile, futhi ngaphezulu kwezinselo kukhona isigaxa sezinwele ezimnyama. Uhla lwezinto ezifakwayo luhlanganisa iKenya, i-Uganda, luze luwelele ososheni beNingizimu Afrika nasendaweni yaseBotswana. Isakhamuzi esisodwa sihlala ngaphesheya emngceleni we-Angola neNamibia, futhi siveliswa njenge-subspecies ezimele (i-Aepyceros melampus petersi).
- USaiga noma i-saiga (I-Saiga tatarica)
isilwane esivela ekuhlolweni kwangempela kwezitha zangempela. Ubude bomzimba we-saiga busuka ku-110 kuya ku-146 cm, isisindo sisuka kuma-23 kuye kwangama-40 kg, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kukhona amasentimitha angama-60-80. Umzimba unesimo esidubulekile, izitho zizacile futhi zimfushane impela. Abathwali bezimpondo ezinamabala anombala ophuzi njengamadoda kuphela. Isici esibonakalayo sokubonakala kwama-saigas yikhala: libukeka njengesigaxa esithambile esiseduze esinamakhalenda asondele kakhulu futhi linikeza isizalo sesilwane okuthile. Umbala wethala le-saiga liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka: ehlobo, ijazi liphuzi ngokubomvu, mnyama kuya emgqeni ongemuva futhi alula esiswini, ebusika uboya buthola i-brown brown-hue hue. AmaSaigas ahlala endaweni yaseKyrgyzstan naseKazakhstan, atholakala eTurkmenistan, entshonalanga yeMongolia nase-Uzbekistan, eRussia indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa isifunda sase-Astrakhan, izitebhisi zaseKalmykia, i-Altai Republic.
- UZebra Duker (Cephalophus zebra)
isilwane esivela ezihlahlwini zehlathi lohlobo. Ubude bomzimba wedukhi bungamasentimitha angama-70-90 anesisindo esingama-9 kuye kwangama-20 kg ukuphakama kubunamasentimitha angama-40-50. Umzimba wesilwane ungumbele, unemisipha ekhulisiwe kanye nokugoba kwesimilo ngemuva. Imilenze imfishane enezimpuphu zihlukanisiwe. Bobabili ubulili banezimpondo ezimfushane. Uboya besibhebhe sedukra buhlukaniswa ngombala wethoni eliwolintshi elikhanyayo, iphethini le- “zebra” lemivimbo emnyama libonakala kahle emzimbeni - inani labo liyahlukahluka kusuka kwezingcezu eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-15. Indawo yokuhlala kwesilwane ikhawulelwe insimu encane eNtshonalanga Afrika: idukra zebra ihlala emathangeni aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo eGuinea, eLiberia, eSierra Leone nase-Ivory Coast.
- I-Jeyran (Gazella subgutturosa)
isilwane sezinja zohlobo lomndeni, umndeni wama-bovid. Ubude bomzimba we-gazelle busuka ku-93 kuya ku-116 cm bunesisindo esingu-18 kuye ku-33 kg kanye nokuphakama lapho kubuna ngamasentimitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-75. Inhloko yezalukazi ihlotshiswe ngezimpondo ezimnyama ezimise okomhloshana ngezindandatho ezidlulayo, izinsikazi zivame ukungabi nampondo, yize abanye abantu benezimpondo ezincane ezinqenayo -5 cm ubude. Ngemuva nezinhlangothi zozimele zidwetshwe ngesihlabathi, isisu, intamo kanye nezinyawo ngaphakathi kumhlophe. Isihloko somsila sihlala simnyama. Ezinyamelweni ezincane, iphethini ebusweni ibizwakala kahle: imelelwa yindawo emnyama ekhaleni kanye nemivimbo emnyama esuka kuye emehlweni kuye emakhoneni omlomo. UJeyran uhlala ezifundeni ezinezintaba, ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezindawo ezingasogwadule e-Armenia, Georgia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan naseTurkmenistan, futhi utholakala eningizimu yeMongolia, Iran, Pakistan, Azzeran nase China.
Ukuzala izinyamazane
Ama-Antelope ayizilwane ezinokuthula zenhlalo futhi ajwayele ukuhlala ngamaqembu aqinile, futhi asondelene. Owesilisa nowesifazane bakha umbhangqwana futhi bahlala bethembekile komunye nomunye empilweni yonke. Iqembu elihlobene, eliholwa umbhangqwana, livame ukufaka abantu abasha abayisihlanu kuya kwabangu-12, izangqa zabesilisa ziqapha insimu, izintokazi zifuna amadlelo nezindawo eziphephile zokuphumula ubusuku nemini. Abesilisa abasebancane abavuthiwe ngocansi kwesinye isikhathi bakha amaqembu e-bachelor futhi, ngaphandle kombhangqwana ongapheli, bazenza sengathi bangabesifazane abawile endaweni yabo.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezinyoni sincike endaweni: kwezinye izinhlobo zihlala unomphela, kwezinye ziba yisizini ethile. Ukuthomba kwezitho zomzimba kwenzeka lapho unezinyanga eziyi-16-16. Izinsikazi ezincane zihlangana ngamaqembu amancane adonsela ukunaka kwabesilisa. Ilungelo lokuba nowesifazane lifanelwe owesilisa oqinile kunabo bonke. Ukulwa kutholakala phakathi kwabesilisa lapho abaphikisi behlangana, njengasendandatho, bese bashayisana nezimpondo. Ngaphambi kwempi, abesilisa bezinhlobo ezithile baqabuka, banamathele ezilimini zabo futhi baphakamise umsila wabo, bakhombisa ukunganakwa kwabo nokuphakama kwabo.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-Antelope kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5.5 kuya kwezingu-9, kuya ngezinhlobo. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi ishiya emathangeni aminyene izungezwe ukusakazwa ngamatshe, lapho ivame ukuletha i-1 cub, akufane kube ngamabili.
Ekuqaleni, ama-antelope cub adla ubisi lukamama, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwawo okuthembekile. Lapho esenezinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezine, ingane iqala ukucindezela ubisi ngokwayo bese ibuya nonina emhlambini wezinkomo, kepha ukuncelisa isikhathi eside kuya ezinyangeni ezi-5-7.
Amaqiniso we-Antelope athakazelisayo
- Enye into ethokozisayo yezinyoni zasendle eseyimfihlakalo kososayensi. Iqembu lezilwane ezalusa ngokuzolile ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kwesizathu, liqala umdanso ophusile, lenza ama-jumat amakhulu kanye namalambu avela endaweni leyo, kanye nokushaya ngemilenze yangasemuva. Ngemuva komzuzu, "ikhwela" libuye liphele kungazelelwe, futhi izilwane ziyaqhubeka zicindezela ngokuthula utshani, kube sengathi akwenzekanga lutho.
- Ngaphezu kwejazi eliyinhloko, i-antelopes yasentwasahlobo egxuma (i-Latin Oreotragus oreotragus) inezinwele ezingenalutho ezixhunywe ngokukhululekile esikhunjeni, okuyinto ejwayelekile kulolu hlobo lwenyathi nethwala elimhlophe.
- Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyamazane, intamo ende kanye nokwakheka kwamalunga obufazi kuvumela izilwane ukuba zime ngemilenze yazo yangemuva futhi, zincike phambili lwazo esiqwini sesihlahla, zifinyelele emagatsheni ezihlahla, njengezindlulamithi.
Eqa i-antelope (lat.Oreotragus oreotragus). Izithombe ngu: Neil Strickland
Habitat
Yasatshalaliswa ekuqaleni kwengxenye enkulu yeNyakatho Afrika. Ukubuka kufaka hlangana okumbili: G. I. leptoceros futhi G. Mina marica. Amagagasi ezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezindawo okuhlala kuzo abantu abaningi asakazeke engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSahara, kusukela e-Algeria aye eGibhithe nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeSudan, nasezintabeni ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeChad. Amagazethi okubhalwe phansi G. Mina marica uhlale eNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia.
Njenge-addax, isihlabathi gazelle - uhlobo lwangempela lwasogwadule, uhlala phakathi kwesihlabathi sendunduma, lapho izilwane ezimbalwa zingasinda khona. Ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima, ibhungane livame ukushiya izindunduma ziyofuna ukudla. Abambalwa kuphela abasebenza ngemvelo babona umdwayimana wesihlabathi endle, yize ngaphambili wawubhekwa njengesilwane esivame kakhulu eSahara. UWhitaker, owabhala ngeTunisia ngo-1897, uthi ama-Arabhu "abulala izilwane eziningi, futhi njalo ngonyaka ohambweni bezimoto baletha amabanga ama-500-600 ezimpondo zale gazethi ukusuka enkabeni kuya eGabes, lapho amasosha aseFrance athenga khona lapho."
Isalazulu lesanti lihlala emathafeni awugwadule, kepha kwesinye isikhathi lingena ezindaweni ezinamagquma ezitholakala endaweni.
Ukungafinyeleleki kwezindawo akuvumeli ukufunda i-gazelle yalolu hlobo kahle. Ukwazi isilwane kuyinto emangalisa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokushoda kolwazi olunembile, isimo saso samanje kunzima ukusiqonda. Kodwa-ke, lolu lwazi lwanele ukuqonda ukuthi ngesilwane esingenacala kanjani sahlatshwa emashumini eminyaka amuva nje nokuthi isibalo sawo sehliswa kanjani kakhulu, yize lesi simo kungenzeka singabi sibucayi. Kuwo wonke amabanga aso amakhulu, ibhele lesihlabathi aligadi ndawo, futhi alitholakali kunoma iyiphi ipaki yezwe noma indawo ebekelwe kuyo.