I-Homalopsidae
Inyoka Yamanzi ye-Schneider
ngezigaba Scientific

Umbuso:

Eumetazoi

Infraclass:

Lepidosauromorphs

Ingqalasizinda:

Alethinophidia

I-Superfamily:

Colubroidea

Umkhaya:

I-Homalopsidae

Igama lesayensi yamazwe omhlaba

Homalopsidae (lat.) - umndeni wezinyoka. Phambilini bekuthathwa njengomndeni ongaphansi womndeni wama-Homomopsinae we-homo native.

Incazelo

Ubude isamba bale amabanga umndeni kusuka 50 cm 1 m. Ikhanda flat, side. Umzimba uqinile futhi umncanyana, umsila umude ngokulingana.

Njengezinyoka ezinamachaphaza, amathumbu adluliselwa engxenyeni engenhla ye-muzzle, amehlo aqondiswa phezulu, nomlomo namakhala kufakwe i-valve ekhethekile evimbela ukuhamba kwamanzi. Nokho, izikali ukumboza umzimba akazange nezinguquko eziphawulekayo kuqhathaniswa ukuthi komhlaba izinyoka. Amazinyo wombhangqwana ongasemuva womhlathi ongaphezulu uyakhula, abe negrey ebusweni bangaphambili futhi axhumane nendlala ekhiqiza ubuthi.

Umbala wesikhumba uvela ephuzi kuye onsundu.

Indlela yokuphila

Izinhlobo eziningi ziphila impilo yasemanzini. Zihlala zombili izimbotshana zamanzi angenamanzi nezintsha, kufaka phakathi ezincane, ngisho nezinesikhashana. Ezinye izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu, isibonelo, odla izindwani elayisi amasimu futhi ayinawo amaxhaphozi. Bopha imisele. Imvamisa baphuma emanzini bangene emhlabeni, lapho bezizwa beqiniseka ngokuphelele.

Ukulunywa lezi zinyoka paralyzes noma ubulala izinhlanzi, ezinamagobolondo nezilwane eziphila ezweni, okuyinto zidla, kodwa kukhona ingozi kubantu. Lezi zinyoka ziyakwazi ukugwinya inyamazane yazo ngisho nangaphansi kwamanzi.

Habitat

Amanzi asevele anendawo ebanzi, emboza isikhala kusuka eCentral and Southern Europe kuye eWestern China naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga India. Kwenzeka kanye Sea ugu lweNyakatho Russia nase-Ukraine, e-eCrimea, Ciscaucasia futhi Transcaucasia, Central Asia naseKazakhstan.

Izindawo ezithandwayo zezinyoka zamanzi yizindawo eziseduzane nezidumbu zamanzi (zombili ezintsha nezinosawoti). Zitholakala eduze kwemifula kanye namachibi, ogwini lolwandle naseziqhingini ezisolwandle oluvulekile. Lemisebenti ingaphindze waphawula eduze ngenkasa ngaseziseleni emizaneni, ku insimu, ku ixhaphozi exhaphozini embozwe nemihlanga e esobala emifuleni entabeni.

Banika ukuthandwa okukhethekile ezindaweni lapho amabhange nangaphansi embozwe khona ngamatshe amakhulu, futhi izihlahla nezihlahla kukhula ogwini. Zama ukugwema izingxenye ezivulekile futhi eziqinile eduze kwamanzi.

Amanzi inyoka izici yokuphila

Lezi zinyoka ziyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Ekuseni, bayakhuphuka baphume emashalofini nasesikebheni elangeni isikhathi eside, bese becasha ebusuku. Ehlobo, usuku lonke lo ezihuquzelayo kukhona emanzini, futhi kuphela ungangena kusihlwa waphuma ephumela ezweni, lapho bachitha khona ubusuku.

Izinyoka zamanzi zibhukuda zombili ebusweni bamanzi nangaphansi kwamanzi. Sebebeke isizalo ngaphezulu kwamanzi, bagoba umzimba, njengalapho kukhasa, babhukuda ngokushesha. Ukubalekela ushushiso, baqamekele ngisho ukusakaza nge zamanje eqinile, ngaphansi amatshe ezansi 2-3 amamitha ukusuka ogwini. Kubonakala ebusweni ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-4-5.

Ehlobo, zisebenza njengezindawo zokukhosela zezikhala ngaphansi kwezicucu zamatshe, izinqwaba zerabha, izihlahla ezigcwele ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi, njll.

Amanzi izinyoka zivame abanamathela amasayithi abo ngabanye futhi musa yakha amaqoqo amakhulu. Zithutha ngaphakathi kwama-200-400 m.

Babonakala ngombono obukhali kakhulu. Eqaphela umuntu ngisho 10 amamitha kude they sukela fihla emanzini.

Ukudla Okondlayo Nokuzingela

Izinyoka zamanzi zidla ikakhulu izinhlanzi, futhi ngezinga elincane - ama-amphibians. Bayazingelana kakhulu ngenkuthalo futhi catch izinhlanzi, ulifuna ikakhulukazi ezansi. Uma inhlanzi ibhukuda inyoka enganyakazi, ibamba inyamazane ngenkuthalo eyodwa enamandla, kodwa uma ilahlekelwa, ayilandeli ngokubhukuda.

Ngokwalokho okuye kwabonwa emanzini, izinyoka ziginya izinhlanzi ezincane ezazibanjiwe lapho ngaphansi kwamanzi. inyamazane elikhulu ngokuvamile kudliwa ogwini. Ukubamba izinhlanzi kaningi ngomsila, inyoka iphuthuma ogwini futhi, ibambe itshe ngesidumbu, izame ukuyikhipha emanzini.

Ubusika

Phakathi ubusika, amanzi izinyoka zinyamalale ngesikhathi esifanayo njengabantu abavamile ngo-Okthoba-November, lapho yesithwathwa zenzeka. Imvamisa ngoSepthemba baphenduka abangasebenzi, bacashe emigodini, ngaphansi kwenqwaba yamatshe, ngaphansi kwezisekelo zezindlu.

Zivama kakhulu ngamaqembu (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike kubantu abangama-200) noma ngokuhlabelela. Bangakwazi ndawonye ebusika elinezinyoka abavamile. Izindawo zokukhosela zasebusika ezifanayo (izindawo ezomile ngaphansi kwamatshe, imishayo, imisele yokubamba) zisebenzela izinyoka iminyaka eminingana.

Ukuvuka ekupheleni kukaMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, isimo sezulu kanye nenkambo yentwasahlobo. Bona Nokho, woza kwamanzi lapho izinga lokushisa komoya antante 9-10 ° C ukushisa Ekuqaleni bona abapholile. Ngokubuya kwamakhaza, baphinde bacashe emashalofini abo.

Ukuzala

Nenkathi yokukhwelana iqala ngo-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kuka May, futhi iqanda kubekwa kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka June - July. E-clutch kuvame amaqanda asukela kwayi-6 kuye kwayi-18. Ukubekwa kowesifazane ngamunye kuthatha amahora amaningi. Ngo amaqanda esobala asanda kwaleso esibekiwe, esinguJesu imibungu kuyabonakala, okuyinto ziqala ukukhula ngisho emzimbeni insikazi sika.

Amaqanda afakiwe izinsuku ezingama-40-50. Izinyoka ezincane ziyasebenza, zikhasa ngokushesha futhi ngokubukeka azihlukile kubantu abadala ngokubukeka, ngaphandle kosayizi. Ubude umzimba yabo 16-19 cm.

Izitha

Izinyoka zamanzi echibini zivame ukuqothulwa ngabantu, zibabheke njengobuthi noma izinambuzane.

Phakathi kwezilwane, izitha izinyoka kwalesi silwane kukhona inyoka-ukhozi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Kuyaziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi ikati elimnyama lidla izinyoka zamanzi eCaucasus. Ama-herons ayingozi nawo. Ukuze abantu encane, seagull nenhlanzi okuzingela kungaba yingozi. Kwesinye isikhathi iba yizimpungushe zezimpungushe nezimpungushe.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Photo: eliwumbhubhudlo kakade

Isivele inyoka yamanzi inyoka engenabo ubuthi yomndeni osuvele ukhona kanye nohlobo lwenyoka yangempela. Lokhu kukhamba kuvame ukwenziwa iphutha ngephupho eliyingozi, ngenxa yalokho, kwesinye isikhathi, baziphatha kabi nalo. Okokuqala, umbala waso sehlukile i amanzi inyoka abavamile, ngakho-ke eyiphutha inyoka enesihlungu.

Ividiyo: Amanzi vele

Inyoka yasemanzini ayinazimpawu eziphuzi noma eziwolintshi engxenyeni yesifo ekhanda, njengesihlobo esivamile, amanye amathoni ahamba phambili ngombala wayo:

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: Phakathi amanzi izinyoka zikhona melanists, bona zipendwe ngokuphelele abamnyama.

Inyoka enamanzi kusuka kokujwayelekile ihlukaniswa ngephethini ebunjiwe sikwele, umzimba wayo umbozwe umhlobiso oyingqayizivele. Shono igama layo lesiLatini elithi "tessellata" ekuhumusheni lisho ukuthi "embozwe amashubhu" noma "chess". Ngenxa yalesi engavamile ngombala, abantu kakade wabiza "chess yinyoka enesihlungu." Abaningi, impela, bacabanga ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenyoka.

Sivele sinamanzi hhayi kuphela isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sokwejwayelekile, kodwa futhi nomakhelwane wakhe, ngoba imvamisa sihlala eduze, kuhlala izindawo eziseduze nomhlaba ofanayo nesimo sezulu. Isimo esiyinhloko umsebenzi wayo ngempumelelo futhi zisekela ukuphila khona kwendawo befuna umthombo wamanzi, kokubili ukugijima futhi emi amanzi.

Ukuvela endaweni yokuphumula yokugeza, umuntu onjalo uvame ukudala ukwethuka nokudideka, ngenkathi ehlupheka yena. Konke lokhu kwesaba nokuba nobutha kwamanzi ngenyoka kusuka ekungazini kwabantu, empeleni, akunangozi ngokuphelele futhi akunjalo.

Ukubukeka nezici

Isithombe: Inyoka Yamanzi

Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amanzi awanikezwa amabala agqamile we-orange ngemuva kwekhanda lakhe, unezinye futhi izici zangaphandle ezihlanganiswe kulolu hlobo lwenhlobo. Ubude isidumbu inyoka amanzi ongafinyelela amamitha eyodwa nengxenye, kodwa abantu mayelana 80 cm ngokuvamile eside ezitholakala. Izinsikazi zithé ukuba zinkulu futhi isikhathi eside kunaleso kwabesilisa. Ubude benyoka ejwayelekile cishe bufana, bungakhula ngamasentimitha ambalwa.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nenyoka ejwayelekile, onqenqemeni lwesihlalo sesibeletho kukhonjwa ngaphezulu ebusweni bamanzi. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, ngokuvamile iphutha for enesihlungu ngenxa umbala walo, isikhumba iphethini futhi bengenalo orange izindawo. Kodwa-ke, uma sitadisha inyoka yamanzi ngemininingwane eminingi, khona-ke singakwazi ukubona ezinye zezimpawu ezihlukanisa i-reptile enobuthi:

• Inhloko yenyoka inesimo sonxantathu, kanti enyokeni igogekile, i-oval,
• the enezinto ikhanda inyoka makhulu, nalezo enesihlungu mancane kakhulu,
• uma ubheka ngamehlo enyoka, ungabona ukuthi umquku wenyoka utholakala umile, kuyilapho inyoka iyindilinga,
• ngokuya ngobukhulu, isengezo sincane kunenyoka, ubude bayo, njengomthetho, abudluli ku-73 cm, futhi ubude benyoka budlula imitha.

Isikali ukumboza engxenyeni engenhla silwane ube ribbing isici, futhi izimbambo zitholakala longitudinally. Sithole umbala emuva kwenyoka, futhi isisu saso sibomvu emadodeni nasesiphuzi-owolintshi kwabesifazane. Ngasohlangothini lwe-ventral, isizinda esiyinhloko sihlanjululwe ngamabala amnyama atholakala emzimbeni womuntu wenyoka.

Esinye isici inyoka amanzi kuyinto indawo esisogwini ingxenye occipital ikhanda ngesimo uhlamvu "V", ithiphu yayo iqondiswa phambili. Umbala wezilwane ezincane ezidla cishe ucishe ube nombala wabantu abavuthiwe, izisu zabo kuphela ezinombala omhlophe. Amehlo enyoka anezilonda eziyindilinga no-iris ophuzi onamachashazi ampunga.

Ingabe amanzi kakade uhlala kuphi?

Ibanga lokusatshalaliswa kwenyoka yamanzi likhulu kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesidlo sakusihlwa esivamile, le nyoka ingahle ibhekwe njenge-thermophilic futhi neningizimu. Wahlala kuyo yonke ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Europe, yathathwa eningizimu Ukraine neRussia, wakhetha amasimu Don, Kuban, iVolga, emikhawulweni Azov futhi Black iziLwandle.

Uma sichaza imingcele yokulungiswa kwenyoka ejwayelekile, isithombe sibukeka kanjena:

• entshonalanga, ibanga lilinganiselwe engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFrance (iRhine Valley),
• eningizimu, emngceleni ligijima ezisenyakatho kwezwekazi lase-Afrika, ukufinyelela Pakistan kanye Gulf,
• umphambili wendawo yokuhlala yenyoka udlula endaweni yasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeChina,
• umngcele osenyakatho webanga ufinyelela emgodini weVolga-Kama.

Kusukela kakhulu igama silwane kuyacaca ukuthi akunakuba khona kude imizimba amanzi, ke ngempela udinga imithombo yamanzi ezindaweni zayo. Okungukuthi, emanzini okudla usebenzisa isabelo sengonyama sesikhathi sakhe. Amanzi ancamela ukuhlala esifundeni esisogwini lwechibi, umfula, ichibi, ulwandle. imiselekazi eyayenziwe wadala kanye amadamu kukhona sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso ngokuphelele. Abantu abalobayo bathande amanzi amile ngokuphelele noma avilaphayo, kodwa futhi baphila emanzini abandayo, anesivunguvungu, emifuleni yezintaba. Ezintabeni, inyoka yamanzi ingahlangana endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha amathathu.

Ngokuvamile, izinyoka ukhethe amachibi nge emnyango enomusa yokuthi amanzi yokuhlala unomphela, imithambeka abushelelezi ezivikelwe ngohlalwane, wangembesa inhlabathi noma isihlabathi. Izinyoka zigwema ogwini olunamandla. Izidumbu zamanzi ezingcoliswe kabi nazo zidluliswa yinyoka, njengoba zizingela futhi zidla inyamazane encane ngaphandle kokuphuma emanzini. Izindawo kakhulu othandekayo lapho ezihuquzelayo uthanda nokuphumula uphumule kukhona, amatshe amakhulu flat-okwenyanga elise osebeni lomfula, noma amagatsha esihlahla, bayichezukisa ngokuqondile ngenhla kwamanzi. Izinyoka zigxile ngokuphelele futhi zihamba umqhele wezihlahla, ngakho-ke zivame ukukhuphuka emagatsheni ezitshalo akhiwe eduze nedamu.

Yini edla amanzi?

Photo: Amanzi kakade encwadini Red

Akumangazi ukuthi imenyu yokudlela yakhiwa izitsha zenhlanzi ikakhulukazi. Uzingela umthamo wakhe owuthandayo, ngosawoti nangamanzi amasha.

Ukudla Fish liqukethe:

Ubamba inhlanzana encane khonale kwikholamu yamanzi, futhi kufanele ancibilikise enkulu, ngakho-ke usebenzelana nayo osebeni.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ngokuzingela okuphumelelayo okukodwa, sekuyakwazi ukugwinya izinhlanzi ezingamamitha amathathu amancane, kepha izinhlanzi zikhulu kakhulu (cishe ngo-15 cm ubude) ezitholakala ekudleni kwazo.

Ngaphezu inhlanzi, umuntu amanzi kuyinto engakwenqeni ukudla amaxoxo, tadpoles, Toads, zintulo. Ezingxenyeni zoLwandle i-Azov naseCrimea, imunca amathole ezinkabi amaningi, ngakho-ke abomdabu bawubiza ngokuthi "ithole lenkomo". Izinyoka zamanzi zithanda ukuzingela ngezindlela ezimbili: zingakwazi ukucasha bese zilinda isisulu lapho zilala khona, bese ihlasela ngejubane lombani, noma ilandele inyamazane engaba khona, iqonde ekujuleni.

Uma isisulu uyaphumelela ekuphunyukeni kuzo ngesikhathi lihlaselwa, ngeke ayifice, uzokufumana into entsha okuzingela. Ngokuvamile, i-reptile inamathela maphakathi nomzimba wezinhlanzi, inyamazane enkulu iboshwe ngokuqinile emihlathini yayo bese ibhukuda nayo iye ogwini, iyibambe ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ibopha umsila wayo esihlahleni esithile esisogwini, idonsa umthwalo wayo osindayo emhlabeni.

Ngakho, lapho isidlo iqala kokugwinya ikhanda izinhlanzi. Ubukhulu besisulu bungaba bukhudlwana kunokudla kwekhanda, ngakho-ke isilwanyana saso esidlayo siginya ngosizo lwamalunga esisele omhlathi ophansi namathambo aseduze. Uma ubuka lo mbono, kubukeka sengathi ugaqa isisulu sakhe.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: It is thembeke eyaziwa ukuthi esiswini omunye amanzi izinyoka intokazi encane enesihlungu abavamile etholakele.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Amanzi vele

izinyoka yamanzi emini uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi inyoka ezisebenzayo phakathi nosuku. Njengoba iphuma emgodini wayo ekuseni, iyafudumala isikhathi eside kwimisebe yelanga lasekuseni. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, ephuma kuwo kuphela ntambama, abese ephephela endaweni yakhe yokuhlala kuze kuse. Izinyoka azikuthandi umkhovu, Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezinjalo ashisayo they sitheza ngaphakathi kwamanzi amanzi noma nezihlahla shady ugu.

Kucace kusuka egameni lesilwane esidumile ukuthi izinyoka zingabhukuda abahle futhi abahlukahlukene kakhulu abanolwazi lomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi futhi bangahlala emanzini isikhathi eside. Imvamisa, inyoka ngayinye inokwabiwa kwayo umhlaba, okunamathela kuyo, ihambisane nayo ngaphakathi kwamakhulu amabili kuya kwamakhulu amane amamitha.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: Vision yamanzi izinyoka abupheli, kuba abukhali kakhulu futhi ebucayi. Njengoba uqaphele ukuthi kunamabhomu agqitshwayo ngisho noma kukude ngamamitha ayishumi, lesi sivinini siyashesha ukugxila sijule futhi sigweme umhlangano ongafanele.

Izinyoka lezi ziwela ebusika stupor ngokuqala kweziqalo zokuqala, ezivame ukwenzeka ngo-Okthoba-Novemba. ukuhamba kwakhe sokuvele elahlekile obhekwe September, lapho uqala kuphole. Ubusika bungaba bodwa noma buhlangene. Izitho lapho izinyoka zisinda esikhathini esinzima sasebusika zisetshenziswe yizo iminyaka eminingi.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: Ngezinye izikhathi, ngesikhathi ubusika collective, zikhona kuze kube ezingamakhulu amabili zezinhlobo dinner yokukhosela. Imvamisa amanzi aminyoka ebusika emgodini ofanayo nabafowabo.

Ukuvuka kokugqwayiza okumisiwe kwenzeka lapho amazinga okushisa afudumala efinyelela kumadigri ayi-10 ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa, kulokhu kuhla kokuphela kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, konke kuncike esifundeni sokuhlala unomphela. Muva nje uvuka izinyoka babukeka evilaphayo kanye ukuhambisa kancane, kancane kancane uyalulama nokuthola dexterity elahlekile ebusika.

Inqubo yokuncibilikisa izinyoka zamanzi kwenzeka minyaka yonke. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ukucibilika ehlobo kwenzeka njalo ngenyanga. Uma sikhuluma nemvelo kanye sengqondo lesi silwane ke singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi lesi sidalwa zasemanzini uyisidalwa obunokuthula, ayizange ubonile ukuhlaselwa okumayelana abantu. Yena uqobo uzama ukuba ngowokuqala ukubuyela emuva lapho ebona abantu ukuze bahlale bephephile futhi bephilile.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Amanzi Snake

Lapho ubusika bezinyoka ekugcineni bunyamalala ngemuva kokuqothuka, ziqala isikhathi somshado. Lapho-ke izinyoka zamanzi zihlangana ngamaqembu onke, lapho kwakhiwa khona ngababili, abalungele ukuhanjiswa. Awezinyoka baba ubulili abavuthiwe eduze neminyaka emithathu ubudala. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesivunguvungu, izinsikazi ziqala ukulungiselela ukubekwa kweqanda.

Ekulumbeni, bangabeka izingcezu ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-20, inqubo yokuhlehlisa yinde impela futhi kuthatha wonke umama wesikhathi esizayo amahora ambalwa ngokulandelana.Kubekwa insikazi ibekwe enhlabathini okuxekethile olumanzi, ngaphansi kwamadwala amakhulu. Amaqanda asanda kubekwa ayabonakala, ngakho-ke i-silhouette ye-umbungu ibonakala egobolondweni.

Isikhathi sokufakwa sithatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Ama-kites asanda kwenziwa kusukela ekuzalweni akhule umsebenzi, ukuzimela nokuzimela. Bona ukukhasa ngokushesha futhi bheka nse abazali babo, yesibili kuphela kubo ngobukhulu. Ubude encane Kites amabanga kusuka 16 kuya 19 cm. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, izingane ukuya ku-hunt lwawo lokuqala gazinga inhlanzi.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: izinyoka Water, anjengezixhumo abavamile, babe amvikele esiwenza lapho kuze amaqanda ayizinkulungwane kungatholakala.

Kwabangcwele zasemanzini, marathon lomshado ekwindla futhi kwenzeka, lapho ezihuquzelayo uqale kokuzalela futhi ngaphambi ubuthongo basebusika. Kulokhu, kubekwa amaqanda wenziwa phezu ehlobo elilandelayo.

Ngenxa ukungazi, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi watermark kuwumphumela esiphambanweni phakathi inyoka abavamile kanye nebululu, okuyinto embi kakhulu. Lokhu kucatshangwa ngokuyisisekelo okungalungile, ngoba lezi zilwane ezimbili basonta zilwane kanye nemindeni ehluke ngokuphelele futhi awukwazi ngikubhastelise nomunye.

Izitha zemvelo amanzi izinyoka

Isithombe: Amanzi eCaspian

Maqondana nesintu, amanzi nakanjani ephephile, kodwa isilwane esihuquzelayo ngokwawo elabo eziningi izinsongo. Izinyoka bangaba izisulu kokubili izilwane nezinyoni. Yibona abasengozini enkulu olutheni izilwane ezisencane. Akunakuphikisana nokudla izinyoka, ama-muskrats, ama-muskrats, izinsimbi, izimpungushe ezijwayelekile, ama-hedgehogs, okhozi odla izinyoka, amashiya aluhlaza, amahlumela, amajuba. Imvamisa izinyoka ezincane ziba yizisulu zama-gulls nama-waterfowl (ama-mallards).

Ngisho nenhlanzi enkulu kangaka efana ne-pike ne-catfish ingakimba kalula inyoka, ikakhulukazi encane. Ngaphezu inhlanzi, abanye abantu inyoka futhi ujabulele ukudla izinyoka (EFA sandy, izinyoka ezinkulu uneso elilodwa futhi Yellow-bellied). I ungangena has amanye amathuluzi ukuvikelwa lokuthi uyawasebenzisa ukusola usongo. Okwesabisa away inxeba wisher, sesivele Likhipha shweza futhi ukukhishwa imfihlo fetid ngosizo nezindlala ocansini. Lokhu ethize substrate ketshezi iphazamisa iphango ezidla eziningi, ngokusindisa ukuphila kwakusihlwa.

Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo: eliwumbhubhudlo kuyinto umculi yangempela ozishaya efile ezivikela, ithalenta abavamile has ithalente efanayo.

Nakuba watermark nhlobo anobuthi, ngokuvamile uhlushwa ukungazi komuntu, ngoba umuntu engazi simyisa ngoba enesihlungu yingozi. Baningi abantu kakade afele ezifana izimpi ukungalingani nabantu, ngakho-ke, njengoba sengike wabona esondela ezimbili ezinemilenze kabi wisher, zingabantu ezisheshayo ukubaleka, ukufihla ekujuleni kwamanzi.

Population nezinhlobo isimo

Photo: eliwumbhubhudlo kakade

Noma uhla lokuxazululwa kwenyoka yamanzi lubanzi kakhulu, i-reptile iyathinteka ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene ezingezinhle, ngakho-ke inani labantu bakhona liyancipha. Ezweni lethu, azikho izinkinga ezinkulu mayelana nenani amanzi izinyoka, kuphela Kwezinye izindawo ezisohlwini Red Izincwadi. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani izinto zimbi kakhulu; zilwane isivele ikhona on the esengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.

Leso simo esidabukisayo emazweni ase-European kungenxa yokuthi banayo endaweni encane kakhulu, ngakho kukhona ngempela ndawo abafuduki ukuze anga, abantu cishe aminyene wabakhipha yonke indawo. Ukomiswa kwamaxhaphozi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokubekwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu kunethonya elibi kakhulu kubantu besikhathi sokudla, yingakho inyamalala kulezi zindawo.

Phezu kwazo zonke lezi zinkinga ezingenhla, usayizi wabantu kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo kuthinteka kabi, ngoba izidumbu zamanzi eziningi zingcolile kakhulu futhi azifaneleki isidlo sakusihlwa esihle. Izinyoka zitholakala kalula kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomsindo ovela ezikebheni zezimoto, emikhunjini, emakamu asogwini, njll. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi abantu ngokwabo ukubulala izinyoka amanzi ngenxa yokufana kwawo nge enesihlungu anobuthi.

Ensimini ka Russia iyonke, lokhu oluthile lwenyoka ingaphansi isimo esingachaziwe, ngoba ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngokuphathelene nakho inani idina imfuyo ayitholakali. Uma sikhuluma isimo ngamazwe ukongiwa kwamanzi inyoka, kuyafaneleka ukuthi lolu hlobo ezihuquzelayo ivikelwe Berne Convention.

Water Snake Ukuvikelwa

Photo: Amanzi kakade encwadini Red

Sesikubonile kakade wathola ukuthi labantu amanzi inyoka uye ngqo kwehle ngokungenaphutha izikhala Yurophu, lapho le nyoka yokuqothulwa. Lesi simo esidabukisayo ixhunyiwe, okokuqala kunakho konke, neqiniso lokuthi kukhona umane ndawo bukhoma, ngoba zonke izindawo emhlabeni zigcwele abantu. Isimo sokulondolozwa amanzi inyoka ngesikhathi international level lithi lolu hlobo silwane likhona esenezelwe wesibili Berne Convention for the Ukuvikelwa European Lesitshalo Wild Fauna yazo (kwezilwane adinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile nokongiwa) ka-1979 Lezi zilwane ubhekwa ezingavamile kakhulu, kodwa ubuningi bayo obuthile buhlala bungaziwa.

Esikhathini izikhala wezwe lakithi, isimo nge kwantambama imfuyo singekho kubi njengoba eYurophu, nakuba kancane kancane kwezinye izindawo sabantu nakho kuncipha. izici Negative kukhona nokungcoliswa imizimba amanzi futhi abantu ngokwabo ababulala izinyoka amanzi, ngephutha kubo ngoba enesihlungu. Okwamanje, azikho idatha eziningana eziphendulwa amanzi izinyoka, inombolo yabo ethize eRussia futhi hhayi kusungulwa. Lesi sidalwa esisohlwini sisohlwini lweNcwadi eBomvu zezindawo ezihlukile: iVoronezh, iSamara, iSaratov.

Phakathi kwezindlela zokuvikela inyoka yamanzi, ungafaka kuhlu:

• inhlangano yezindawo ezikhethekile zokonga,
• ukwenqatshelwa kokusetshenziswa kwabantwana bamba
• inkulumo-ze yamanzi inyoka nokongiwa izinyathelo phakathi izakhamuzi zendawo,
• umkhawukho wesikhathi Ukungenela komuntu ku biotopes yomdabu.

Ekuphetheni, luhlala ukwengeza ukuthi akuyona yonke into engaziwa kuyingozi, kanye eyodwa yamanzi, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo eziningi akazange ngisho ukuqagela, nokuyiphuza imishanguzo kuze kuphele enesihlungu chess. Impilo amanzi inyoka lokhu ayinangozi izinhlanzi lover ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi, njengoba siyihlola kabanzi, uyofunda okuningi entsha futhi engavamile ukuthi esake lufihliwe ukujula noma obukhulu, shrubby, amahlozi ugu.

Kwebalingisi izinhlobo amanzi izinyoka

Kunamaqembu amabili kahle esikhulu yamanzi izinyoka - angenasawoti kanye zasolwandle. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi zinhlobo omndeni zasolwandle zalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ayitholakalanga insimu yezwe lethu, sizokwenza ngokuyinhloko ukhulume angenasawoti izinyoka. Nokho, iningi bale subfamily zingezikaJehova ozala efanayo kakade, kukhona abameleli subfamily of boas nomndeni warty izinyoka.

Isikebhe

Izici of ukubonakala inyoka izingalo zaso:

• isici esiyinhloko oluhlukanisa lolu hlobo nyoka khona yebhangqa izingalo zaso izinqubo ekhanda, okuyinto embozwe izikali ezincane kakhulu,
• Ubude umzimba kuhluka 70 kuya kwangu-90 amasentimitha,
• umzimba umbozwe ngezikali ezibunjiwe,
• onogada abenzelwe ukuhamba ngomhlaba, abasesiswini salezi zinyoka, bancane kakhulu futhi bakha amakhibhodi amabili,
• ingaphezulu lomzimba wenyoka yetabernakele inamandla okutshala kuyo i-algae ehlukahlukene eyenzelwe izinhloso zokuzifihla.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi herpetons (igama kwesibili kwale zenyathi ezihuquzelayo) unekhono qhubeka kobuso bomhlaba, bona pheze ungalokothi ukushiya imizimba amanzi. Ububanzi kukhawulwe ngokuyinhloko Indochina, nakuba izimo elingalodwa kokuhlangana kwabo kwamanye amazwe ibhande bhé zaziwa. Zingashukumisela kalula kuyo yonke ukushuba we emifuleni noma amachibi lapho bukhoma Nokho, ngokushesha baqalaza uthanda ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi izingqimba, kusukela kuphela banayo lokushisa anele ukuphila kwabo okunethezekile. Umkhiqizo main ekudleni kwalezi zilwane nongenanembeza kuyinto inhlanzi. Ngo inqubo ukuzingela, zisonga umzimba wabo ukuma incwadi J, ukuvula amakhanda abo maqondana umsila, futhi iqhwa kulesi sikhundla ilindele isisulu.

Lapho ezingaba isisulu aphinde abhukude abuyele ngokwanele eduze, inyoka yenza push abukhali ngomsila, okwenza izinhlanzi uyesaba futhi kwenza ilungelo Jerk ku umlomo silwane. Inqubo ukugaya kungathatha izinsuku ezintathu futhi kuncike lingakanani. Lolu hlobo silwane libhekene lokuzalwa bukhoma. Inqubo kokuzalela khwelana imidlalo kungathatha kwenzeke unyaka, ngoba izimo zezulu senhlobo ubavumele ukukhombisa umsebenzi unyaka wonke. Esezinhlelweni zokufuna ngababili, amatende abekwe ekhanda lalenyoka adlala indima ebalulekile, ngenxa yawo lapho ethwebula khona ukunyakaza kwesisindo samanzi okuyisimo sabanye abamele abomndeni waso. Ngo inqubo kokukhulelwa, owesilisa entwines insikazi isidumbu sakhe kwamaphutha ke ngamazinyo emqaleni. Ngokwesilinganiso, imikhondo besifazane kwelinye udoti kusukela amawundlu 10 kuya ku-15 azalelwe aguqulelwe ukuphila ezimele.

Warty

Izici zokubonakala kokubonakala kwalezi ezihubhayo zingokulandelayo:

• banezikali ezincane ezinesakhiwo se-granular esingambozi indawo yomunye nomunye, phakathi lapho ungathola khona izindawo zesikhumba ezingenalutho. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthungwa komzimba akubushelelezi, njengoba kujwayelekile cishe kubo bonke abanye abamele kulokhu kukhishwa, kepha kuzwakala njengaphezulu komhlaba okumbozwe ngemithambo emincane,
• ukwedlulela ikhanda entanyeni kakhulu bushelelezi futhi cishe imperceptible,
• abafundi of lezi zilwane kukhona ovoid, amehlo ziba yindilinga futhi izinhlangothi kunalokho enkulu, esisogwini kakhulu phezulu ikhanda,
• possesses ngokwanele oqinile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo namazinyo esifushane usayizi ofanayo. Amazinyo ungambozi kuphela emhlathini, kodwa futhi ulwanga.

Njengazo cishe zonke ezinye izinyoka amanzi, bale subfamily unekhono udlulele umhlaba, kodwa bathanda esiningi isikhathi umsebenzi emanzini. Sinenkosi engokwemvelo kubantu abaningi, kuhlanganise India, e-Australia, New Guinea nase-South naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Bakhetha ukuthumelelana amadamu, izinga lamanzi lapho ingeqi imitha elilodwa ezijulile. Ngezinye izikhathi zingabantu ziyofuna ukudla futhi ngenhloso ukuhlola insimu kungathiya ukukhuphuka ezinamatshe eziphansi emifuleni abahlala kuwo. Lemisebenti ingaphindze ezitholakala imihlume, amasimu exhaphozini futhi olumanzi, kanye emikhawulweni yolwandle. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwalezi zinyoka izinhlanzi ezinhlobonhlobo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inqubo ukuzingela Kuthi ezahlukene ngoba abesilisa nabesifazane: uma wangaphambili uncamela ukulandelela kanye inyamazane jaha, lo somabhizinisi kaningi baqamekela ke.

Isikhathi umsebenzi okukhulu kunakho konke lokhu ezihuquzelayo ngokuvamile kakhulu ebusuku, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa izici zedivayisi yama-apharathasi yabo ezibukwayo, kanye ne isigqi lomzimba sezitha zabo zemvelo - ezincelisayo okuzingela, ezinye izinyoka ezinkulu futhi abantu. Lokuzaliswa zalezi zinyoka singenzeka cishe unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwesikhathi kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-January, lapho izimo lokushisa kubenze kakhulu ukunciphisa umsebenzi wabo. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlala ngokwehlukana kwabo, bakhetha ukuhlangana bodwa ukuthola umanyolo. Ngenqubo ye-coitus, owesilisa usonga umzimba wakhe ngasezinsikazi futhi ulungisa imihlathi yakhe entanyeni. Abamele lo mndeni wezilwane ezihuquzelayo bayakwazi ukonga isidoda ngokomzimba, ngakho-ke owesifazana akudingeki afune owesilisa ukuba azoshada njalo lapho esekulungele ngokomzimba lokhu. Abesifazane uzozala 3 kuya ku-7 amawundlu, okuyinto ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa uqale ukuphila ezimele.

Izinhlwathi

Izinhlwathi kukhona ezihuquzelayo kunayo walondoloza kuze kube yilolu suku emhlabeni:

• ubukhulu omdala isilinganiso kuhluka 4 kuya ku-6 wamamitha ubude. Esikhathini izincwadi ungakwazi ngokuvamile ubone ukuthi lolu hlobo silwane ubizwa nangokuthi "amanzi boa",
• umbala emzimbeni yabo ikakhulukazi emelelwa amathoni oluhlaza-grey,
• lonke ngemuva enezinhlwathi imbozwe izinhlu ezimbili zamahalananda izindawo kunalokho enkulu umthunzi ensundu, kancane side noma imikiswe isesimweni, okuyinto enye iphethini checkerboard,
• ezinhlangothini embozwe eyodwa noma imigqa eziningana izindawo wosayizi omncane aphuzi ezisizungezile amasongo abamnyama. Lokhu imibala isithinta kanjani umsebenzi sifihle, okuvumela enezinhlwathi ukuba fihla kangcono emanzini.

Lezi zinyoka zingatholakala emazweni alandelayo: i-Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay, Trinidad, Peru nase Guyana. Indawo eyinhloko ye enezinhlwathi abasezikhundleni bayathula, nge ukugeleza ezibuthakathaka amanzi zemifula, chweba, abadala kanye namachibi of somfula emifuleni emikhulu elishisayo Amazon kanye Orinoco. Izinhlwathi ukungatholi imizimba amanzi ikhefu futhi ukukhasa phandle ezweni kuphela ukuze yokuthamela ilanga, mate uma ingozi. The main ukuzingela umsebenzi enezinhlwathi senzeka emanzini, bakuphi bakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu isikhathi sibonga khona ekhethekile yesivalo-valve ukuvala amakhala. Isisekelo se-anacondas yokudla yilezi:

• izilwane ezincelisayo
• izinyoni zamanzi
• ezihuquzelayo encane.

abantu elikhulu ngokuvamile ukuhlasela caimans, capybaras futhi yababhaki. Ngokuvamile, ezihlukahlukene izimfudu, tagu, kanye nabamele ezincane yohlobo lwazo ungase futhi ube isisulu Anaconda. Thanda boas, le nyoka balindelwe inyamazane, ezifihle amanzi, futhi lapho nje leyo ndawo ilahlekelwa siqaphile ayo, evele liyasibhozomela kuso futhi, evala ke emasongweni, suffocates. I ukugwinya zezinyamazane senzeka ngokuphelele, okuyiwona Anaconda kufanele kakhulu yokwelula umlomo wawo nomphimbo.

The main kokuzalela sizini-Ephreli kuya ku-May futhi kuvumelana ngezinkathi zemvula. Phakathi nale nkathi, enezinhlwathi ubuthe amaqembu ukuthi izinyoka ngabanye thola ku nendawo yamathe onyawo ngokucijile ukunuka phansi, kwakheka ngenxa pheromone ethakwa abesifazane. Ngo inqubo kokuzalela, izinyoka kuthiwa wangqongqoza ndawonye tangle obukhulu, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa eyodwa kwabesilisa zezinsikazi ezingamakhulu amaningana. Ukuze inyoka ndawonye inqubo coitus, lezi zinyoka zisebenzisa imilenze esingesihle indluzelekazi, okwenza isici ukugaya umsindo kule nqubo. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga ezingama-6- 7, lapho insikazi ingalahlekelwa cishe yingxenye yesisindo ngenxa yobunzima bokuzingela obangelwa isikhundla sakhe. I imikhondo besifazane kuze kufinyelele 45 amawundlu ngesikhathi, okuyinto ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa uqale ukuphila ezimele.

Inyoka American

Ummeleli kulo mndeni, abantu abahlala ezindaweni yokusabalalisa yayo, nazo ngokuvamile kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-black amanzi inyoka:

• Izinyoka zaseMelika zinobude bomzimba osukela ku-120 kuya ku-150 amasentimitha. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa,
• umzimba mkhulu futhi unobubanzi obukhulu ngokwanele,
• umzimba embozwe bushelelezi, shiny emanzini izikali, sinombala, umbala ogqamile omnqumo noma grey ngombala, okuyizinto uvalwe kakhulu eduze komunye nomunye,
• izikali umgogodla ube keels evelele,
• ngemuva towards umsila kukhona emapheshana ezimbili olugcwele ububanzi, esikhundleni lapho abantu abathile bangase babe izindawo oblong,
• banayo enkulu kakhulu ngamehlo akhe ayizindilinga esisogwini ohlangothini nomlomo nge ezinkulu, abafundi round.

Indawo ubabonisa ngokuyinhloko emazweni kweNyakatho Melika neMelika Ephakathi. Ngokuvamile bathi inganqotshwa e-United States, Mexico, Canada, Cuba kanye iziqhingi zaseCaribbean. Njengoba olwenzeka endaweni eyinhloko, lezi zilwane uthanda ezihlukahlukene biotopes zasemanzini - iziteshi yemifula encane nge ukugeleza kancane, amachibi encane, engajulile kanye yayincane nemifula nasemathekwini, kanye ulwandle emikhawulweni. Phakathi nosuku, ngokuvamile itholakala basking elangeni. Bakhuphukela kahle ezihlahleni kanye ezihlabayo elengayo amanzi, Nokho, lapho kuqubuka kancane ingozi bona bagxumela imizimba amanzi ngesivinini sombani. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwabamele leli qembu lezinyoka izinhlanzi ezinhlobonhlobo nama-amphibians. Kuvulwe amacala amabili edla izilwane American abasha ngabanye babo abasha kanye ezincane aye alotshwa. Inqubo ukuzingela senzeka emanzini.I nokucwila inyoka ukuba phansi, ohlobo lwe emasongweni nangesineke balindelwe ikusasa layo isisulu.

Ngemuva kokuba lokhu kungasasebenzi futhi kubhukude eduze nenyoka yokuzingela, kwenza ujerk umbani, ifake inyamazane emlonyeni wakhe bese isonga umzimba wakhe kuyo ukuze iqale inqubo yokuhlehla kancane kancane. Swallows abadlala lonke. Inqubo eziswini ukudla kungathatha kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-5, kuye ngobukhulu besikhumba saleso inyamazane, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isilwane akuyona kude namanzi e yokukhosela yayo. Inqubo esebenzayo kakhulu yokwenziwa kabusha kwalezi ezihubhayo kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa ukukhuthalele ngifuna izinsikazi trace ukushisa kanye pheromone ezikhishwe nabo inqubo ukuphila. Lapho owesifazane kanye nowesilisa batholane, bathanda ukuthola okuthulile, isikhala okuvalelwe for kokuzalela - ngokwesibonelo, isihlahla eziyize, lalingumhume encane, iphutha rock noma igebe elikhulu phakathi nezimpande zezihlahla. Lolu hlobo luphawulwa ngokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Phakathi lesifisha, amafomu owesifazane bamba amaqanda isikhathi esifushane, okuyindawo amawundlu Sekukancane ukuba amabhu. Ngokwesilinganiso, insikazi uyakwazi ekuziqongeleleni amaqanda 90 ngesikhathi.

Izinyoka zamanzi nomuntu

Ngenxa ukwanda okukhulu sabantu emhlabeni kanti ukwanda kancane kancane abantu ezindaweni ababengazange ngaphambilini athuthukile ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezingezinhle noma inaccessibility, abantu ngokuya ebhekene nale subfamily ezihuquzelayo.

Njengoba ngokuphelele yonke abamele iqembu amanzi izinyoka akuzona ezinesihlungu, eqinisweni, awukwazi kakhulu ukulimaza abantu abaningi (ngaphandle Anaconda), ngokuvamile lezi imihlangano njalo lapho uxoxa nabantabakho umkhawulo kwebanga zabo, nokuqothulwa kwabantu ngabanye ngabanye futhi amaqanda, okuyinto kuholela ukunyamalala kancane kancane lezi zilwane kanye ubuso bomhlaba. Ngezansi sizakwenza ngemininingwane engaphezulu yini okumele uyenze uma obukade abalunywe yinyoka ezinjalo, yini imiphumela kungaholela, futhi indlela yokugwema kokulunywa.

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho bengase bakulume

Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zinyoka ziqala ukukhombisa ubudlova kumuntu uma esekude kakhulu nensimu ayiphethe, aziphathe ngokweqile kubo, noma abonise ngqo ulaka. Njengoba lezi zinyoka ngokuyinhloko elise ensimini ka biotopes zasemanzini, ngokuvamile umuntu angenakho ngisho bona neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela manje endaweni elalihlala yimiphi bale subfamily.

Isikhathi esining impela, abantu Ukulunywa kusukela ezihuquzelayo ngesikhathi behamba phansi kwesigubhu, ngesikhathi lapho kungaphazamisa noma engaqondile zinyathela inyoka amanzi kufihlwe ilindele kwakusihlwa. Ngaphandle kokucasuka okukhulu komuntu, ukuhlukunyezwa kuye kungakhonjiswa kuphela ngabantu abakhulu be-anacondas, abahumusha okwedlule njengezisulu ezingaba khona.

Imiphumela kokulunywa

Ukulunywa ngokwayo, nakuba ngokuvamile okubuhlungu, akusho abalona ingozi, kusukela e-ngamathe yamanzi izinyoka zikhona ngokuphelele akukho izingxenye ezinesihlungu ukuze abantu. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu abathambekele ekushintsheni kwe-allergen yohlobo olusheshayo, kungaba yingozi ngenxa yokuqhamuka kwe-angioedema, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Quincke edema. Ingozi main siqukethe ekuthuthukiseni okungenzeka asphyxia, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa ukuvaleka ipheshana zokuphefumula yi edematous ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we umphimbo kanye glottis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba iningi lalezi ukulimala zibangelwa abantu ngokuqondile emanzini, kukhona kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa ezikude inqubo evelele ukuvuvukala, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho esibhibhayo ngisho sepsis.

Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yamagciwane amaningi we-pathogenic kanye nezinye izinto ezincane ezisemanzini (lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwimizimba yamanzi entsha). Imiphumela evamile yokuthola kokulunywa kukhona ukuthuthukiswa edema lendawo ezicutshini ezincikene nawo kusayithi ngokushesha bite, ukopha okuncane kusukela isilonda okuholela kanye kumiswa uqweqwe, kamuva ngezinye izikhathi iphenduke isibanda encane.

Usizo lokuqala yokudla

Isenzo esibaluleke kunazo zonke okufanele sithathwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthola ukulunywa yinoma yiphi inyoka yamanzi ukungabulawa kwegciwane lesilonda, okuthi uma lifika ngesikhathi futhi selanele, kufanele kuvikele ukukhula kwemiphumela emibi ngendlela yokwakhiwa kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala. Endabeni ukuthuthukiswa angioedema, noma kunjalo, uzodinga usizo onguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Ngezansi sinikeza incazelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo usizo lokuqala ngoba iluma lezi zilwane:

1. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukususa zonke izingubo nezicucu ezingxenyeni ezithintekile zomzimba (imvamisa kuzoba yimilenze).
2. Khona-ke kubalulekile ukuba Sula igazi ubonakele endaweni bite futhi ukucacisa uhlobo isilonda. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze amthume udokotela ohlinzayo uma isisulu wathola inxeba lacerated.
3. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuthatha noma isiphi isixazululo se-antiseptic onayo bese uyisebenzisa ku-gauze noma ikotini swab, usihambise ngobumnene ngalo lonke uzungezo lokuluma ngokushesha nendawo ezungezile.
4. Ngemva kwalokho, thatha swab entsha nge isinqandakuvunda noma isibulala-magciwane isetshenziswa ke futhi ngobumnene cindezela it isayithi isilonda.
5. Ekugcineni, sisebenzise Friend, oyinyumba gauze ngebhandeshi ukuthi lizobamba swab nge magciwane, ukuvimba ukufinyelela ukutheleleka, futhi kuvimbele ukopha olwengeziwe.

Hlangana Nezinyoka Zasolwandle

Ukuze abatshuzi ngubani dive ezilwandle efudumele Oceans Indian noma Pacific, kungenzeka meet enjalo abakhileyo engavamile zasemanzini njengoba ulwandle izinyoka. Zimelela omunye imikhaya eminingi eyaziwa kabanzi ukuthi wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni, ezihuquzelayo ezinwabuzelayo.
Ngokuvamile, izinyoka zigcwele kakhulu emhlabeni wethu - izindawo ezihlala kuzo zihlukahlukene kakhulu ngokubhekela kobukhona nasezindaweni zezulu. Mhlawumbe abakwazi kungatholakala kuphela Antarctica emoyeni, lapho bengakabi ithuthukiswe izindawo eziphilayo.

Sekukonke, bangaphezu kuka-2600 zezinyoka zaziwa yembulunga, ngokuvamile wabelane emikhayeni 12. Okunandisa kunabo bonke ngumndeni wezinyoka ezinjengezinyoka, ezihlanganisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izinyoka ezaziwa yisayensi.
Ososayensi ungenalo iphuzu elilodwa umbono ngomsuka izinyoka. ezahlukeneyo ezahlukene izimo kucatshangwa ngaphansi lapho okhokho ezikude izinyoka elahlekile nemilenze yabo futhi kwi ngendlela kukhasa wempilo. Ezinye izazi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi okhokho bezinyoka bathola izici zabo zokuziphatha ngenxa yokushintshwa kwendlela yokuphila yokubhidliza, abanye bamelela okhokho bezinyoka njengabahlali basemanzini, kancane kancane bathuthela emhlabeni, kanti abanye bathi izitho zalahlwa ngamadlozi okhokho bezinyoka ngenxa yokuhlala phakathi kotshani obukhulu namatshe.
Ngayinye yalezi izindlela kungaba ukudlala indima bangaphezu noma bangaphansi ukuvela lezi zidalwa legless.

Wonke umkhaya - izinyoka zasolwandle (Hydrophiidae) Wayohlala amanzi olwandle, futhi iningi lazo ngisho ukuzalela inzalo siqhele ezweni kanye nogu. Ukushintshelwa kwendawo yokuhlala emanzini kushiye ukuthambekela okujule kakhulu esakhiweni nasebhayoloji kwalezi zinyoka kangangokuba bekufanele zinikezwe umndeni okhethekile.
56 zama-sea izinyoka zaziwa, ezihlanganiswe 16 izizukulwane. izizukulwane ezintathu, okubalwa nangu-14 zinhlobo yakha subfamily izinyoka zasolwandle ezinomsila (Laticaudinae), 13 izizukulwane, ekuhlanganiseni 39 zilwane, ifomu subfamily of izinyoka dovetail (Hydrophilinae).
Flat-tailed ulwandle izinyoka ngihlalé nabo ezweni futhi ngokuvamile zitholakala sogu lolwandle.

Izinyoka zasolwandle zihlala kuzo zonke izilwandlekazi ezishisayo zasolwandle iPacific ne-Indian, kusuka ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika kuya ogwini olusentshonalanga neCentral America. Ngokuvamile ezitholakala oLwandle Olubomvu. Ukuze enyakatho ukungena Japan. Emanzini ase-Atlantic, izinyoka zasolwandle azenzeki, futhi yizinhlobo eyodwa kuphela - bicolor bonito (Pelamis platurus) ukwazile ukungena eCaribbean kusuka eGulf of Mexico ngokusebenzisa iPanama Canal.
Ezinye zezinto eziningi kakhulu ukwakheka ambalwa futhi izinhlobo zama-sea izinyoka South China Sea futhi amanzi Malay Archipelago. lokuhlala elikhulu ulwandle izinyoka zitholakala kule ndawo, futhi ngokuvamile bagcina e ngokudoba amanetha. Izindawo ezithandekayo zingamanzi asogwini kungadluli kumakhilomitha angama-5-6 ukusuka ezweni, ikakhulukazi eduze kwemilambo yemifula egeleza olwandle, lapho izinyoka zasolwandle zizitholela inala yokudla. ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ukwenza bebhukuda okwengeziwe 50 km ukusuka ogwini, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zawo kungaba akha amakhulu amakhilomitha kusuka ezweni.

Ububanzi ezijulile kwendawo yazo incane - akukho kuka 200-300 amamitha, futhi ulwandle izinyoka ungahlala kufika emahoreni amabili ngaphandle ukufinyelela air. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuphefumula okukhethekile komlomo nesikhumba.

Ukubukeka ulwandle izinyoka sici kwezinhlobo eziningi - inhloko encane ngamehlo amancane ukuthi abe round umfundi, imbozwe izihlangu ezinkulu kanye ngokushelela ludlulele ngaphakathi emzimbeni. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda izinyoka ulwandle phambi inamakhasi ambalwa, indawo, njengoba ihamba kuya ezingemuva, ngaphezulu aba isicaba kusukela izinhlangothi kanye imikhawulo ngomsila ebanzi fin-like umsila fin, ubude ongafinyelela 1/6 yokukhula komzimba wonke. Isici esinezimpawu zezinyoka zasolwandle ukungabikhona kwezihlangu zangaphakathi, ezidlala indima enkulu izinyoka zomhlaba ezinwazayo esiswini sazo, futhi kwagcina kungadingeki ngokuphelele olwandle.
NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda izinyoka kakhulu ulwandle imbozwe nxazonke by izikali ezincane ezifanayo. Kuphela izinyoka kolwandle kakhulu bakudala (ILaticauda, Aipysurus nabanye), okuyinto agcinwayo ezicini ezithile umhlaba, eziningi transverse enwetshiwe scutes esendleleni besisu ingxenye.

Amakhala asemaphethelweni ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwesigaxa sezinyoka avumela ukuba aphefumule ngokunamathela kuphela ingxenye encane kakhulu yempumulo emanzini. Ukuvuleka acinene zivaliwe lapho egxilile nge valve akhethekile ukuvikela amanzi engena ngaphakathi komgodi acinene. Emakhaleni flat-tailed, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka kolwandle, ukuthi akuphi phezu lateral ekhanda. Ulimi lwezinyoka zasolwandle lufushaniswe kakhulu futhi kunguqobo lwayo kuphela olungaphuma emlonyeni.

izinyoka Sea Ungase futhi ukuphefumula emilonyeni yabo - ulwelwesi lwamafinyila emlonyeni amumethe imithambo yegazi capillary futhi kungaba athole umoya-mpilo ngokuqondile amanzi. Ngokwezazi ezithile Izazi, ulwandle izinyoka abe isikhumba kwezimila ekhethekile. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo zomzimba, izinyoka zasolwandle zingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside (kuze kube amahora angama-2).

Kufundza ngababili namazinyo ezinesihlungu zitholakala ekupheleni anterior wethambo maxillary. Ziyakwazi esifushane, emuva kancane izimisele futhi isiteshi esinesihlungu.
Ngemuva kwesiqubu esinobuthi emhlathini ongenhla kunamazinyo amancane, inani lawo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinyoka zolwandle liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-18. indandatho emidocephalus (Emydocephalus annulatus) ngemuva kwetyhefu akunamazinyo amancane nhlobo.

inhlanzi abahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi eels, ngukudla ulwandle izinyoka; kanti kuyenzeka uthole ukudla kwezilwanyana ezinamagobolondo futhi nezimfanzi. Bayazingelana, kaningi, kusukela ngesikhathi kuqothwa noma ngenkuthalo ijahe inyamazane, okuyinto, ngemuva snakebite kanye nokwethulwa ushevu, uba buthakathaka. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoka zasolwandle zisebenzisa amacebo okuqala okuzingela, okuyilapho inyoka ilala inganyakazi phezu kwamanzi, bese ilinda inhlanzi encane enelukuluku nezinye izilwane ezincane ukuqoqa into eyinqaba. Ikhona inhlangano abukhali komzimba inyoka ulwandle - futhi omunye izinhlanzi obuswa.
izinyoka Sea ukuncela inyamazane ngokuphelele.

Ukuphinda kudalwe izinyoka zasolwandle kwenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo esihlobene ezweni amaqanda-laying. Iningi kolwandle izinyoka kukhona ovoviviparous, izinhlobo eziningi abe umzanyana bakudala exhumanisa i-embryo umzimba kamama. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zizala izingane ngqo emanzini, ezinye zihamba emhlabeni ngale nhloso. Ukuvundisa ulwandle izinyoka lincane kakhulu - amawundlu 1-2 kuphela.
Bona ufinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngonyaka owodwa ubudala.

Phakathi kwabameli abakhanya kakhulu bomndeni wezinyoka zasolwandle bangahlukaniswa flattail enkulu (L.semifasciata), ifinyelela kubude bamamitha amabili nobukhulu obuyi-7-8 cm.
Lezi zinyoka ulwandle zivamile entshonalanga yePacific Ocean, kusukela Ryukyu Islands eSamoa. Sekuyisikhathi eside eziningi ezinkulu flat-imisila endaweni Phillipin zaba izisulu abadobi Japanese ngubani ukubamba izinyoka ngenxa Hide, okuyinto esetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto eziyisikhumbuzo kanye athole izinto zokuthunga, kanye inyama, okuyinto esetshenziswa Japan ukudla ngibhema noma ethosiwe.

Phakathi kwezinyoka zasolwandle ezinomsila, ezivame kakhulu flattail okwesongo (Laticauda laticaudata) Lolu hlobo isakazeke kusukela Ryukyu Islands-Australia osuka eNdiya kuze kube eSolomon Islands. lomzimba walo has a isizinda elikhanyayo bluish, lapho izindandatho ebanzi abamnyama enye. Uhlangothi olucwebezelayo lupendwe ngamathoni alula aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu inyoka enhle kuvamile ku nezixhobo zamakhorali kanye phakathi kwezimila ugu.

I subfamily eflethini-Tailed ulwandle izinyoka kuhlanganisa i-ringed emidocephalus (Emydocephalus annulatus), Basakaza kusukela Ryukyu nogu kuya lwase-Australia futhi eziyisikhombisa zama-Aipysurus ayehlala amanzi mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNyakatho-Australia.

Izinyoka zasolwandle ze-Foxtail azihlelwanga ukuba zibe khona emhlabeni, lapho ziba namandla ngokuphelele. On phansi onzima, kube cishe Awukwazi ukuhambisa ngenxa ukungabikho transverse izihlangu ukuphaphatheka esiswini. Ngo amanzi, lezi zinyoka ulwandle uzizwe, ngokoqobo, like inhlanzi.
Izinyoka zasolwandle ezinamaphiko zichitha impilo yazo yonke olwandle, futhi yizidalwa ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhethiwe emhlabeni ukuzala. Zonke izinyoka dovetail yasolwandle ovoviviparous.

Isici izici zangaphandle we scapular ulwandle izinyoka uyinhloko amancane nomzimba omncane phambi ingxenye yomzimba, okuyinto kuyahluka ngokucijile kusukela uqweqwe bese omkhulu emuva ingxenye, kanye khona esinamandla amaphiko-like (noma fin-like) umsila. Isakhiwo esinjalo somzimba sisiza imisila e-crested ukwenza imijondolo esheshayo lapho ibamba ukudla kwikholamu yamanzi lapho kungasekelwa emhlabathini oqinile noma phansi. Kulokhu, mass emuva ukhonza njengelungu usekelo izitho nenhloko yalo wamaphaphu anterior.

Nansi incazelo ezinye izinhlobo ukuthi ngokuvamile zitholakala by abatshuzi:

I-Dovetail Ehlanganisiwe (H. fasciatus) Linengxenye obukhulu besisu komzimba (izikhathi 4-5 mkhulu kunokhalo ngaphambili). Mnyama ngaphambili, kukhona amabala ophuzi okusaqanda ezinhlangothini, kanti amabala amnyama e-rhomboid abekwa ngemuva komzimba ngemuva ngemuva kwempunga. Litholakala e-Indian Ocean futhi amanzi Malay Archipelago.

dovetail ezimthende (I-H.cyanocinctus), Ababethi umbala umbala ogqamile gray nge black transverse stripes, ifinyelela ubude up 2 amamitha. Kuyinto evamile kuleli ezilwandle ezifudumele zasePacific izilwandle Indian, phakathi kweziqhingi eziqhingi Malay futhi Bufinyelela enyakatho Japan.

I-Spiral dovetail (H.spiralis) Ivelele ngobude bayo eside - kuze kufinyelele cishe kumamitha angu-3. Ukusatshalaliswa kwalo kuyafana ne-tepe dovetail.
Hhayi okuningi zingaphansi kwakhe ngosayizi dovetail ngomusa (AmaHelegans), Okuyinto ehlala emanzini Northern Australia futhi off the Aru Islands. ubude bayo kungaba idlule 2 amamitha.

I-bonito enezimpawu ezimbili (Pelamis platurus) - inyoka encane kolwandle (kufika ku 1 imitha eside) nge ikhanda side isicaba ngaphezulu futhi ube nentamo ewugqinsi umzimba onomfutho kusukela izinhlangothi futhi flat amaphiko umsila. Umbala onsundu, ocishe ube mnyama ngombala ohlangothini lwalezi zinyoka zasolwandle uhlukanisa umbala okhanyayo wombala wesisu womzimba. Lezi imibala emibili ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle ushintsho, esikhundleni nomunye. Umsila embozwe enkulu emnyama namachashaza nengemuva elikhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezihlukile zohla lwe-bonito, umbala wazo ungahluka ngandlela thile.
Inyoka kolwandle, i-bonito ezimbili anemibala, itholakala ezindaweni eziningi-Indian nasePacific Ocean Oceans - kusukela begudla ugu lwasempumalanga Afrika, kuya ogwini entshonalanga iMelika Ephakathi. ububanzi Its ebanzi kuka ezindaweni ukusatshalaliswa kwazo zonke izinyoka ulwandle. Kutholakala eningizimu eCape of Good Hope nasenyakatho kuya olwandle lwaseJapan.
Akukona kwenzeke ezilwandle wezwe lakithi.Kuphela kanye ngabanye efile we bonito ezimbili ezinemibala watholakala ogwini Posyet Bay, eningizimu Vladivostok.
Lezi zinyoka asolwandle ngokuphelele alinamathiselwe ezweni, lapho betholakala khona amakhulu amakhilomitha kusuka ogwini lolwandle.

Ivumelaniswe kahle nokuphila emanzini olwandle avulekile futhi ama-microcephals amancanyana (Microcephalophis gracilis) Ayehlala Indian naseNtshonalanga Pacific Oceans. Lezi izinyoka ezincane (70-80 cm) ezinekhanda elincane ("microcephalus" - "inhloko encane") nengxenye yomzimba omncane, ziqhathanisa kabi nomhlane obukhulu ngokweqile. Wonke umzimba embozwe izikali ezifanayo olunezinhlangothi nge imiphetho ezikubambayo.

izinyoka eziningi phezu kolwandle akha ezinye amaqoqo amakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zawo. Kulokhu, kuyabonakala ukubhula ngezinkanyezi (Astrotia stokesii) Lokhu elikhanyayo osasitini nge black transverse ikhala ulwandle inyoka kuze kufinyelele 1.5 m eside ungakheka amaqoqo omkhulu ngesimo opholile kuze kube ngamamitha ambalwa ububanzi futhi engaphezu kwekhulu amakhilomitha eside. A aminyene amnyama iribhoni ezinkulungwane eziningi kolwandle eduze basekela izinyoka ngezinye izikhathi osuka umkhathizwe umkhathizwe.
I izimbangela zalesi simo kukhona ayikaziwa. Lokhu kungenxa ngenxa ukukhiqizwa omkhulu astrocy.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanele sigxile kubuthi bezinyoka zasolwandle. Cishe bonke babe Amazinyo icala ngobuthi. Ubuhlungu bezinye izinyoka zasolwandle bukhulu kaningana ubuthi kunobuthi bezinhlobo zomhlaba eziyingozi kakhulu.
Kakhulu ezinesihlungu ulwandle inyoka kubhekwa Dubois Sea Snake (Aipysurus duboisii), Ogama ubuthi ekhona wesithathu phakathi wonke inyoka umphakathi (emva taipan futhi inyoka ensundu).

I-Dubois Sea Snake itholakala ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Australia nasolwandle lweMalay Archipelago ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-30. Uthanda izindawo ezikhuliswe ngemifino engaphansi kwamanzi phakathi kwamakhorali, emhlabathini onesihlabathi nangotshani. Ubude obuphakathi nendawo lezi zinyoka imayelana 1 m, kodwa ongafinyelela elilodwa ubude imitha nengxenye. It is ababethi a ayilutho umbala ensundu obunsundu izindawo sehhashi ngemuva futhi izinhlangothi. Ukudla kwezinyoka zeDubois izinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphakathi, ama-eels kanye nezinye izilwane ezingezansi, aziginya zonke, zikhubazekile ngobuthi bakhe. I ubuthi Isihlungu le nyoka sika kungenziwa kwafaniswa cobra, kodwa, ngokungafani singenayo, akakubangeli izimila. Isenzo ubuthi kudlulela isimiso sezinzwa, ngokukhethekile, suppresses amaza zokuphefumula, ngenxa lapho kufa sisulu yokungawutholi umoya. Noma kunjalo, umuntu akufanele abhukude ethuke lapho ebona inyoka yasolwandle i-Dubois - lesi isidalwa esinokuthula okunesizathu, futhi asikhombisi ulaka ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kuyiqiniso, akufanele udambise inyoka noma uyibambe ngomsila, ngaphandle kokuthi, empeleni, kuyinhloso yakho ukuzwa umuzwa wokuluma kanye nokwenza kobuthi.

Lapho abalunywe yinyoka ulwandle, ubuthi ingasaphathwa lihlasela umzimba isisulu sika kunangesikhathi yenhlwathi nodadewabo umhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi izinyoka ulwandle musa ukuluma ngaphandle kwesizathu. abadobi Indian ngokuqapha ukubuyisa ulwandle izinyoka ebanjwa ngamanetha abo ngezandla angenalutho. Bayazi. ukuthi inyoka ulwandle bengase bakulume. uma yiphathe ngokucijile futhi ubuhlungu.
Ubuhlungu bezinyoka zasolwandle bunomphumela omubi emzimbeni womuntu. Izimila kanye ukuvuvukala endaweni ka bite azisenzeki. Ukuthuthuka kwezimo ezijwayelekile - ubuthakathaka, ukuhlangana kokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza. ukuhlanza, amajaqamba, iphika, futhi ngisho ukukhubazeka okuphelele isikhungo zokuphefumula. Uma ungenalo ngokushesha ukunikeza usizo lokuqala ukuba isisulu ke ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa umuntu angafa ngalo.
Nokho, iphesenti nokufa kungenxa encane yokuthi ulwandle izinyoka bafake umthamo elincane ubuthi nge bite.
izinyoka eziningi zasolwandle bebehlome nge ongaphakeme ubuthi ushevu, okungadingi zinomthintela omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu.

Kungani izinyoka zasolwandle zidinga ubuthi?
Ezimweni zokuphila phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali namathanga, uma ungakhubazeki inyamazane, ingafihla kalula ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki lapho kuzoba nzima ukuthola khona. Ngakho-ke, izinyoka zisebenzisa ukubulawa yimpango yabo ngendlela elula efana.

Njengoba for abatshuzi, ngabo, Umthetho wokuqala ukuxhumana izakhamuzi kwamanzi isebenza - ningathinti, ungalilahli uvalo asenzi casula kubo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga eziningi ngesikhathi se-dive.

Ubani uyingozi amanzi izinyoka?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ezweni lanamuhla, isitha esiyingozi kakhulu futhi kusakazeke kakhulu lezi zilwane ungumuntu izenzo zabo Lubanzi kubange ukulimala abalulekile ukuze Waterfowl. Kodwa-ke, abantu akuzona ukuphela kwezitha zalezi ezihubhisayo. Izitha zemvelo ezijwayelekile zezinyoka zamanzi yilezi:

• inhlanzi okuzingela futhi izinyoni,
• ingcuba izinyoni
• zilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo,
• izingwenya
• izingwenya.

Futhi izinyoka futhi emikhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho into ephilayo yohlobo olufanayo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi inani lezinyoka zamanzi endle lehla ngokushesha minyaka yonke. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi semvelo kakhulu abalinganiselayo oyiyo kokuqala, naphezu ukubhujiswa njalo izilwane nomunye, inani lawo uhlala njalo cishe njalo, futhi umsebenzi ngokweqile umuntu kuye kwaholela ukuhlukumeza lokulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, qaphela kakhulu futhi uqaphele izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane zasendle futhi uvikele imvelo.

Amanzi Izinyoka: Izinhlobonhlobo futhi Izici of Life

Izinyoka bahlala ezihlukahlukene biotopes: emahlane, izilwandle, amachibi asezintabeni, amahlathi emvula, amasimu. Ngisho khona ngendiza zilwane atholakala Indonesia naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, bayakwazi isu kulolu emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Ezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi zingajabulela ukubhukuda, kanti abanye baye switched ngokuphelele ukuphila emanzini.

Izinyoka zamanzi zihlala e-Australia, Indonesia, India naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Izinhlobo ezingama-44 zalezi zinyoka ziyahlukaniswa. Indawo yabo kuyinto amachibi ezinkulu kanye nezincane, futhi fresh futhi okunosawoti, ngaphezu, ziseZwini elayisi amasimu. Amanzi izinyoka Ungahambisa kahle emhlabathini, lapho ngokuvamile khetha.

I-Herpeton noma i-Herpeton

lenkaba Erpeton sika Indochina. Fresh, brackish, amanzi olwandle kufanelekile lezi zinyoka. Ama-Erpetones anikeza ukuthandwa okukhethekile kumizimba yamanzi egcwele kakhulu i-algae. Isidingo sokuqala ukuthi kufanele kube nezinhlanzi eziningi echibini, ngoba ziyisisekelo sokudla.

ukubukeka Erpeton sika engavamile kakhulu - ekhanda layo zibhangqwe amaqhubu ngokuziphatha nginesikali, sibonga lapho inyoka unegama yesibili - inyoka izingalo zaso. Lezi tentacles kukhona uhlaka ezengeziwe ngoludala. Lapho inyoka aphinde abhukude abuyele, ke ukudansela isiginci sakhe lezi zimpondo phambili. Usayizi wokugcina umzimba 90 amasentimitha, kodwa kaningi erpetons mancane kakhulu ubude. Kukhona umbala 2 izinhlobo herpetons: ezimthende nezimagqabhagqabha.

Lezi zinyoka zivumelane ngokuphelele ngiyijwayele impilo kwamanzi: lokhu kungaba ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphandle emoyeni ngoba cishe isigamu sehora. Ngokungafani nezihlobo, ama-erpetones awagcini uvame, ngenxa yalokho, ikhava le-algae lingakheka esikhunjeni, esiza inyoka ukuba izifihle.

On ezweni, izingalo zaso-izinyoka ukuhambisa kahle. Bahlasela inyamazane abaqhamuka lapho. Lezi zinyoka kukhona ovoviviparous, ezizala ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Indlovu isiqu inyoka noma warty inyoka

Lokhu inyoka has a isikhumba obukhulu "ekukhuleni", kwaba ngenxa isikhumba ukuthi lethiwa. A warty inyoka isikali anolaka. Ngosizo lwayo, inyoka ibamba izinhlanzi ezishelelayo. Ama-Amphibians akafakiwe ekudleni kwezinyoka ezi-warty.

Lapho bebaningi abantu ngobukhulu ubude ukufinyelela 2.5 amamitha, kodwa ngokuvamile iningi osayizi ukufinyelela angu-1.5. Umbala kuyinto brown, ophuzi ezinhlangothini. Izinyoka ezincane ze-warty zinamabala amnyama anyamalala ngobudala.

Lezi zinyoka bahlala amanzi brackish e-Indonesia, I-Asia, e-Australia futhi India, futhi ngokuvamile ukubhukuda olwandle.

Warty izinyoka uphile impilo umzimba. Zi-ovoviviparous futhi zizalela emanzini. Kunemininingwane yokuthi ubuthi besiqu sendlovu bungaba yingozi kubantu.

Sea Izinyoka Hydrophiinae

Ngo-Indian nePacific behlala ulwandle izinyoka. Mayelana 63 zezintaka lezi zinyoka bachazwa.

Sea inyoka uyisidalwa yingozi.

Usayizi umzimba, kuncike zilwane, zokhahlamba kusuka 0.8-2.7 metres. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda lezi zinyoka onomfutho kusukela izinhlangothi kuya umsila kangangokuthi umsila sifana leaf. Ngenxa yalo msila, izinyoka zibhukuda kahle futhi zishona ziye ekujuleni okukhulu. Inhloko incane. Umlomo ugcwele inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi, ngenxa yokuthi inyoka ingaphefumula umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini. Lapho inyoka is emanzini, emakhaleni ayo avalwa valve akhethekile. Ulimi lezi zinyoka kuyehla.

Iningi izinyoka yasolwandle viviparous. Izinsana letingabhukusha zisuka.

Zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka zasolwandle zinobuthi obunamandla, yingakho sekuphele isikhathi eside kuthiwa yizo ezizwakalayo. Ubuthi buvame ukusetshenziselwa ukufikisa umuntu ohlukumezekile futhi busetshenziswe ngokulingana. izinyoka Sea ukudla inhlanzi. Ihlasela abantu kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile uma umuntu ngokwakhe wenza inyoka. Emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokulunywa yinyoka yasolwandle, kufa umuntu ngokuqothuka kwenzeka.

Nerody noma American izinyoka

Lezi zinyoka ukuphila okusha eNyakatho Melika. Bayizihlobo ezikude zezinyoka zethu. Chaza izinhlobo eziyi-10 ze-nerody, zonke ziphila impilo eseduze namanzi. Inyoka ka zenye ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "inyoka emaxhaphozini oluhlaza." Izingane lezi zinyoka abe umbala Akumangalisi elikhanyayo, nakuba zinezikhwepha ngokuphelele hhayi anobuthi.

Ubukhulu bobude umzimba American izinyoka sifinyelela 1.9 amamitha. Banezinhliziyo obukhulu, umzimba obukhulu. Ikhanda esingunxantathu isesimweni, isicaba. Umbala grey, onsundu, abamnyama ansundu. Njengoba isineminyaka yobudala, izinyoka ziba cishe mnyama. Ngokubukeka, ayefana kakhulu yezinyoka, kodwa abafundi babo, hhayi njenge yezinyoka, kukhona umqhewu-like, kodwa round.

Izinyoka zaseMelika zidla izinhlanzi nama-amphibians. izinyoka American, ngokungafani neyethu, ungakwazi ukumelela ngokwabo, uma ubamba inyoka ekhoneni, kuyoba ikhwelo, ungawujikijeli ngishaye ngamazinyo akho. Uma isitha akusho ashona, wabe esebenzisa ukuhlaselwa zamakhemikhali Ufaka out ketshezi kusukela cesspool, likhipha nephunga edabukisayo.

izinyoka American siphile kahle inetha ngisho ukujwayela abanikazi. Lezi zinyoka eyisithunjwa bazalela. Izinyoka zaseMelika ziyi-viviparous, ukuzala kowesifazane oyedwa kungafinyelela emakhulu ezinsana, ngalinye lifinyelela amasentimitha angama-20-26 ubude.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela Ctrl Faka.