IMackerel (lat. Scomber) - uhlobo lwezinhlanzi zomndeni wama-mackerel we-mackerel oda. Lezi izinhlanzi ze-pelagic, okuthi umjikelezo wazo wokuphila ungaxhunyiwe phansi. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bube ngama-64 cm, okuyisilinganiso amasentimitha angama-30. Umzimba umise okwendilinga, umbozwe ngezikali ezincane ze-cycloid. Isigaxa sokubhukuda kungenzeka ukuthi sikhona noma asikho. Yize izinhla zezinto eziphilayo zigcwele, kukhona inhlobo eyodwa kuphela endaweni ngayinye yendawo.

Ibhayoloji

Lezi zinhlanzi zakha izikole ezixubene ne I-Trachurus symmetricus kanye nePeruvian sardines. Ama-Mackerels ahlunga i-plankton, ahlunga ama-crustaceans emanzini. Abantu abadala baphinde badle izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nama-squid. Kuzibungu, ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuhlangana ezikoleni, insangu isakazekile. Ama-tuna amakhulu, ama-marlin, oshaka, amahlengethwa, amabhubesi olwandle nama-pelicans adla ama-mackerels.

Incazelo

IMackerel ibonakala ngomzimba we-fusiform omude, isishubile esincanyana nesicindezelwe kamuva esinama-carinae we-lateral; i-carinae ende nephakathi nendawo phakathi kwabo ayikho. Kunenqwaba yamaphiko ayisihlanu angeziwe ngemuva kwama-dorsal ne-anal fins. Lezi zokubhukuda okusheshayo, ezivumelaniswe kahle nokuphila okusebenzayo kwikholamu yamanzi. Njengamanye amalungu omndeni, kukhona indandatho yethambo elizungeze amehlo. La manqobelo womabili ahlukaniswa igebe isikhathi eside kunobude bokunuka. Isisu se-Fin fin esiswini siphansi futhi ayisihlanganisi. Ngemuva kwe-dinsal ne-anal fins yesibili kulele uchungechunge lwamaphisi amancane, esiza ukugwema ukwakheka kwama-whirlpools ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngokushesha. I-Caudal fin firm futhi yenziwa kabanzi kakhulu. Umzimba wonke umbozwe ngezikali ezincane. I-carapace engxenyeni engaphambili, eyakhiwa ngezikali ezinkulu, ayithuthukiswa kahle noma ayikho. Umugqa we-lateral ucishe uqonde, ngokugoba okungatheni. Amazinyo mancane, acacile. Kunamazinyo we-palatine nama-opener. Ama-stamens ama-gill amancanyana wobude obuphakathi, inani lawo engxenyeni engezansi yomugqa wokuqala we-gill awudluli kumashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Kunama-vertebrae angamashumi amathathu kuya kwamashumi amathathu nambili.

Ukukhonjwa okusobala. Ingaphambili langemuva lamehlo limbozwe ngejwabu leso elinamafutha. Izinsimbi zokugaya ezibonakala ngomlomo ovuleke kakhulu. E-dorsal fin yokuqala, imisebe eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyeshumi nantathu, kumugqa wesibili nowokukhanya okuyishumi nambili kwemithambo, umgogodla we-anal uqinile. Amaphinifa we-pectoral amafushane, akhiwa yimisebe eyishumi nesishiyagalombili kuya kwamashumi amabili nanye. Umhlane uyinsimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, embozwe imigqa emnyama ye-wavy. Amacici nesisu aphuzi esiliva, ngaphandle kokumaka.

Inani lezomnotho

IMackerel iyinhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso. Unenyama enamafutha (afinyelela kuma-16.5% amafutha), ocebile ngo-Vitamin B₁₂, ngaphandle kwamathambo amancane, athambile futhi amnandi. IMakekerel ifunwa kakhulu ngezikhwama zasesikhwameni, noma ngosizo lwamanethi gill, amagiya okuloba, imigqa emide, izikebhe nezinqola ezihleliwe. Inyama ingena emakethe ngefomu elisha, elibandayo, elibhemayo, elinosawoti kanye nelikheniwe. Okuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi we-mackerel kukuvumela ukuthi uwupheke ngokubhaka ngaphandle kokungeza uwoyela.

Ngubani oshesha kune-mackerel noma imoto yokujaha?

I-Mackerel (lat. Scomber) - i-pelagic umhlambi wezinhlanzi ovela eqenjini le-mackerel.

Le ngenye yezinhlanzi ezithandwa kakhulu ezinamafutha nenhliziyo ethambile. Kugcwele yonke indawo: kutholakala kulo lonke ulwandle, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic, ukubhukuda ezwenikazi elingaphakathi ezweni: Okumnyama, iMarmara neBaltic.

IMackerel ihlala emazingeni okushisa angama-8- 20 ° C, yingakho kuphoqelelwa ukuba kwenziwe ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile ogwini lwaseMelika naseYurophu, kanye naphakathi kweMarmara neBlack Seas.

Ubukhulu be-mackerel buncane, kodwa kungasho ukuthi yinhlanzi encane. Ubude bomzimba bomuntu omdala bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-67, kepha buvame ukutholakala ngamasentimitha aphakathi 30 cm cm. Isisindo esijwayelekile sama-300-400 amagremu. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi ezifika ku-2 kg ziqhamuka, kepha lokhu kuyinto eyehlukile emthethweni.

Ukugqama kwezinhlanzi ukuthi ayinaso isigaxa somoya sokubhukuda.

I-Atlantic Mackerel (lat.Scomber scombrus)

Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu emanzini aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic.

Ubude bomzimba obungu-60 cm, obudwetshwe ngemithunzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emuva kunemivimbo kanye namachashazi agudluzayo. Isigaxa sokubhukuda asikho.

Izinhlanzi zitholakala emaphethelweni e-Iceland naseCanary Islands, eNyakatho neCaroline nasemanzini aseNyakatho yolwandle.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka, i-mackerel iphonsa ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-77 km / h, idale umsindo ovela ngaphezulu kwamanzi, okuheha abadobi nabazingeli basolwandle. Ukuhluma kwenzeka ngenkathi yehlobo. Ukutshala cishe amaqanda ayisigamu sesigidi. Inhlanzi iqala ukufuduka ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi iye kuma-degree ayi-10, ifuna amanzi afudumele kusuka kuLwandle lweMarmara. Ukuhlala ebusika, ama-mackerel agxuma aze afike kumamitha angama-200 futhi aqhubeke nokuphila kokuhlala ngokungondlekile. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-3 yobudala, kukholelwa ukuthi i-mackerel isinda ifike eminyakeni eyi-18.

I-mackerel yaseJapan (lat.Scomber japonicus)

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-Far Eastern, inhlanzi ezinje zivamile emanzini asogwini lweziQhingi zaseKuril. Ithanda izinga lokushisa lamanzi libe ngama-27 degrees, ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwehlobo ikhulisa indawo yayo, ibambe amanzi afudumele.

Umzimba uphakeme, usiliva-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, unephethini yemivimbo emnyama etholakala ezinhlangothini nasemuva kwezinhlanzi. Ukuziphatha kwe-flocking kuvela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila lapho kufinyelelwa ubude bomzimba ongu-3 cm. Ukuqhakaza kwe-Mackerel olwandle lwaseJapan kuqala kusuka entwasahlobo kuya kuJulayi. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60. Umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa izibungu kumuntu osemdala izinyanga eziyisithupha.

I-African Mackerel (lat.Scomber colias)

Kuze kube manje, lolu hlobo seluthole isimo esizimele, ngaphambili bekukholelwa ukuthi i-mackerel yase-Afrika okuyi-subspecies yaseJapan. Ihlala olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, emanzini ase-Azores, eCanary Islands, iMedithera kanye nolwandle olumnyama. Imihlambi ye-Pelagic itholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini ngokujula okungamamitha ayi-300. Bangakwazi ukwakha ama-jambs nezinye izinhlobo zama-mackerel. Zidla kuma-zooplankton, ama-sprats, ama-anchovies, nama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene.

Ukuvuthwa kwehla eminyakeni engama-2 yokuphila, izinhlanzi zidlala ekuqaleni kwehlobo ebusuku, zithole amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaqanda. I-mackerel yase-Afrika ilethwa ngqo emakethe ngefomu ebaziwe noma ekheniwe. Inyama iyabhema, inosawoti kanye nokunye ukushisa okuphathwa ngakho.

I-Australia Mackerel (lat.Scomber australasicus)

Kuyatholakala olwandle iPacific Ocean, emingceleni yeChina kanye naseJapan Islands ukuya e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-50. Isidumbu sidwetshwe ngemibala ephuzi-eluhlaza okotshani, kukhona imichilo eshintshashintshayo emhlane oluhlaza okotshani. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala emanzini eduze nase-Australia.

Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-8, kepha abanye abantu, ngokusho kososayensi, bangaphila iminyaka eyi-24. OLwandle olupholile lwaseJapan, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngonyaka ngaphambili, umjikelezo wokuphila uncishiswa waba yiminyaka eyi-6.

Ivinjelwe ngemicibisholo ejulile nemisele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inyama ye-mackerel yase-Australia eJapan ayithandwa kangako kunezinhlobo zaseJapan.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Kuhlala uMackerel emanzini aseMelika, eNyakatho Yurophu, olwandle Olumnyama nolweMedithera. Inhlanzi ithanda ukushisa, izinga lokushisa lihlala ku-8-20 degrees, ngesikhathi sokuphola, abantu abaningi babuthana emhlambini ukuze bathuthele ezindaweni ezinamanzi afudumele.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhamba, izikole ngazinye zama-mackerel azivumeli ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi futhi zivikele isikole sazo ngenkuthalo kubantu bangaphandle. Indawo yokuhlala yama-mackerel ihlukaniswe yaba yindawo ehlukile, lapho enye yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi iba namandla.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zase-Australia zivame ukutholakala oLwandlekazi iPacific, eduze naseChina naseziqhingini zaseJapan, bese zifinyelela ogwini lwase-Australia naseNew Zealand. IMackerel yase-Afrika isizinzile olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean futhi ithanda ukuhlala eduze kweCanary ne-Azores, lapho ukujula kwamanzi asogwini kungaweli ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-300.

IJapan, njenge-thermophilic kakhulu, ihlala oLwandle lwaseJapan kanye neziQhingi zaseKuril, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lapho lingafinyelela ama-27 degrees, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zandisa imingcele yendawo yokuhlala futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula ziya ngokuya zivela ogwini.

I-Atlantic mackerel ihlala emanzini ase-Iceland naseCanary Islands, futhi itholakala eNorth Sea. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwitha, ingahambisa isheya elixubile eLwandle lweMarmara, into esemqoka ukuthi ukujula kuncane - njengoba sekushiwo, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi alunaso isigaxa sokubhukuda.

Kusenkathi yobusika kuphela, i-mackerel icwila kumamitha angama-200 kukholamu yamanzi futhi icishe ingasuki, futhi umsoco ngalesi sikhathi uyindlala, ngakho inhlanzi ebanjwe ekwindla inokuqukethwe okukhulu kakhulu kwamafutha.

Ogwini lwaseMelika naseGulf of Mexico, kudonswa ama-mackerel amakhulu emihlambi futhi enze lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubukeka kwasebukhosini, kulula kakhulu ukubamba, ngoba inhlanzi ayiwa ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100 futhi ingena kalula enetheni.

IMackerel iyinhlanzi efudukayo, ikhetha indawo lapho amanzi enamazinga okushisa aphansi, ngakho-ke ungahlangana nezikole ngazinye kuwo wonke olwandle ngaphandle kwe-Arctic. Ngenkathi efudumele, amanzi amakhulu nezwe nawo ayifanele impilo yezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke ayabanjwa yonke indawo: ukusuka ogwini lweGreat Britain kuya e-Far East.

Amanzi aseduze namazwekazi ayingozi kuma-mackerel ngokuba khona kwezitha zemvelo: amabhubesi asolwandle, ama-pelicans kanye nezinyamazane ezinkulu ezidla inyama kuma-mackerel futhi anakho ukubhubhisa kuze kube yingxenye yomhlambi ngokuzingela.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweMackerel "enyakatho" ne "eseningizimu":

I-mackerel eseNyakatho: inonile kune-mackerel eningizimu. Kuvamile emanzini athambisayo aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Kunokwehluka kwesizini kokuqukethwe kwamafutha: amafutha amaningi (27%) avela ku-Agasti-Disemba. Ukudla okuyinhloko inhlanzi encane neplankton. Inyama ye-mackerel "enyakatho" ithambile, imnandi. Inyama ebilisiwe neyosiwe ine-texture eyomile. Yinto enhle kakhulu eluhlaza yokwenziwa okwenziwe ukulondolozwa, imikhiqizo ebhemayo ebandayo nama-balyks, inhlanzi yasentwasahlobo kanye nezimpahla ezisezitheni.

Umsoco

Njengoba isixhumi elibalulekile kulayini bokudla, i-mackerel isebenza njengokudla kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinkulu, kodwa ngokwayo ingumhlaseli. Ekudleni kwe-mackerel, i-zooplankton, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nomkhaza omncane, i-caviar kanye nezibungu zezakhamuzi zasolwandle.

Okuthokozisayo yindlela ama-mackerel awazingela ngayo: ahlangana ezikoleni ezincane futhi aqhubekele izikole zezinhlanzi ezincane (amahlumela, i-hamsa, i-gerbils) ebusweni bamanzi, lapho akha uhlobo lwe-cauldron. Ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, ngisho nezinduna kanye nezimpungushe, ezingenangqondo ukudla ukudla okubukhoma okuvalelekile, zivame ukuphazamisa ukuzingela kwama-mackerel.

Isisulu esikhulu sama-mackerel esidlekayo kuma-squid nakuma-cracks, sihlasela okwesibili esiqhekekile futhi siphule inyamazane ngamazinyo abukhali. Ngokuvamile, inhlanzi inobuhlakani obukhulu futhi umdobi onolwazi angayibamba ngisho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isiheho: ibona igwegwe njengokudla okungenzeka kube khona.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ukudla i-mackerel esithombenielenziwa ngama-amateurs libukeka lihlaba umxhwele: isikole senhlanzi esihle kakhulu esihambisana nabanye abazingeli, kubandakanya namahlengethwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isondela ngaphezu kwamanzi, imihlambi yama-mackerel idala umquba ongazwakala ngaphakathi endaweni engamakhilomitha amaningi.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ukuvuthwa kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-2 yokuphila, kusukela kulo mzuzu ama-mackerel azalela njalo ngonyaka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kuze kube sekufeni. Ukuqhekeka kwe-MackerelUkuhlala emaphaketheni kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana: ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, abantu abadala bavele, bese besebasha, bese kuthi ekugcineni kukaJuni kube yilungelo lobuzibulo.

Ngokuphonsa i-caviar, i-mackerel ithanda izindawo ezisogwini. Inhlanzi eyandayo yehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-200, lapho ezindaweni eziningana ivele khona izingxenye ezithile. Sekukonke, umuntu omdala angakhipha amaqanda acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezingama-500 ukuze aqhume, ngalinye linobukhulu obungadluli kumilimitha eli-1 futhi linamafutha akhethekile, akhonza ukondla inzalo engavikeleki.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda okuhlelekile kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa amanzi angaphansi kwe-13 degrees, lapho ephakeme khona, kuvela izibungu ngokushesha, okuyi-2-3 mm ubukhulu kuphela. Imvamisa, isikhathi kusuka ekuhlwayelweni kuye inzalo yizinsuku eziyi-16 kuye kwezingu-21.

Ukukhula okusebenzayo ko-fry kuvumela ukuba bafinyelele osayizi abangama-3-6 cm ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yehlobo, ngo-Okthoba ubude babo sele bufika ku-18 cm. Izinga lokukhula kwama-mackerel lincike eminyakeni yalo: omncane kumuntu ngamunye, ngokushesha kukhula. Lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube yilapho ubude bomzimba busondela ku-30 ​​cm, emva kwalokho ukukhula kuncipha kakhulu, kepha akuyeki ngokuphelele.

IMackerel iyaqhuma empilweni yonke, isikhathi esivame ukuba yiminyaka engama-18-20, kepha esimeni esihle futhi lapho kungekho izinsongo ezivela kwabanye abahlaseli, abanye abantu basinda kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

Izicubu ezithuthukisiwe ze-mackerel zivumela ukufezekisa ngokushesha isivinini esikhulu: ngesikhathi sokuphonsa, ngemuva kwemizuzwana emi-2, inhlanzi ihamba nalamanje ngejubane lokufika ku-80 km / h, ngokumelene - kuze kufike ku-50 km / h. Ngaso leso sikhathi, imoto yanamuhla yokugijima ishesha ifinyelela ku-100 km / h, ichitha imizuzwana emi-4-5.

Lokho nje kuyintandokazi yokufuduka, i-mackerel ithanda ukwenza isigqi esizolile ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-30 ​​km / h, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhambe amabanga amade futhi uxhase ukwakhiwa kokuhlanganiswa. IMackerel ingesinye sezakhamuzi zasolwandle ezimbalwa ezivumela ezinye izinhlanzi ezikoleni zakhona, imvamisa kakhulu herring noma sardine zijoyina izikole ezifudukayo.

Ukudoba kweMackerel

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-mackerel yiJapan, ngamathani angama-65 ezinhlanzi ezivunwa minyaka yonke, kuyilapho inani labantu bakhona lihlala lisezingeni elifanele ngenxa ye-fecundity. Indlela yokuphila yokugcwala yama-mackerel yenza sikwazi ukubamba amathani ama-2000 enhlanzi edwaleni elilodwa, elenza kube ngenye yezinhlobo zezentengiselwano ezidumile.

Ngemuva kokudoba, i-mackerel ivunwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: ziyabanjiswa eqandeni, zibheme noma zinosawoti. Inyama iMackerel ukunambitheka okukhohlisayo okuhlukile futhi kukhethwe kakhulu izakhamzimba.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, okuqukethwe kwamafutha enhlanzini kwehlukile: ehlobo kunama-gramu angu-18-20, ebusika inkomba ikhuphuka ibe amagremu angama-30, okusivumela ukuthi sibheke lolu hlobo njengamafutha. Ngasikhathi sinye, okuqukethwe ikhalori kwe-mackerel kungama-kcal angama-200 kuphela, futhi kugaywa izikhathi ezi-2 ngokushesha kunenkomo, hhayi okuphansi kokugcina kokuqukethwe ngamaprotheni.

Bafunde ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi ezinhlobonhlobo ezibalulekile ezimweni zokufakelwa: amabhizinisi ezentengiso adalelwa eJapan ukukhulisa nokuvuna ama-mackerel. Kodwa-ke, i-mackerel ekhule ekudingisweni, imvamisa ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-250- 300 amagremu, ezithinta kabi izinzuzo zokuhweba zabaninimabhizinisi.

Ukubamba i-mackerel akuvame ukuba nzima: kubalulekile kuphela ukukhetha igiya lakho ngendawo ngayinye yokuhlala, imvamisa basebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukile zenetheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi bezinhlanzi abaqeqeshiwe nabo bafunda ukujula lapho i-mackerel ihlala khona, lokhu kuyadingeka ekubambeni okuhle, ngoba i-mackerel, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi, ibanga lolwandle nokusondela kwenye impilo yasolwandle, kungaya ekujuleni okungama-200 m.

Abathandi bezokudoba ngezemidlalo bayayazisa i-mackerel ngokuthi kungenzeka kube yindawo yokugembula - naphezu kobudlova nokubonakala kalula kokudoba, inhlanzi iba nesivinini esikhulu emanzini futhi iyakwazi ukukhipha izingwegwe ngemizuzwana embalwa.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi uhlale ngaphandle ogwini - i-mackerel ayisondeli emhlabeni, ngakho-ke isikebhe siyasiza ekubambeni. Ukudoba i-mackerel kusuka kuma-yacht kubhekwa njengokuzijabulisa okukhethekile - kude nolwandle, izinhlanzi eziningi.

Abadobi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bathanda ukubamba ama-mackerel ngokubopha - leli igama ledivayisi enomugqa omude wokudoba onezingwegwe eziningi ezingadingi iheho. Bakhanga ama-mackerel ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezigqamile - angaba ngama-foil acwebezelayo noma izinhlanzi ezikhethekile zepulasitiki, ongazithenga esitolo sokudoba.

Ngokuphathelene i-mackerel caviar, khona-ke ungahlangana nayo ezinhlanzini ezibandayo noma ezibhemayo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukudoba ezindaweni zokuhlanza, njengomthetho, akwenziwa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze inani lezinhlanzi, ngoba liyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ngaphambi kokuthi lingene enetheni.

Noma kunjalo, i-mackerel caviar ingubumnandi bezakhamizi zase-East Asia abathanda ukwenza i-pasta kuyo. Emakethe yaseRussia ungathola usawoti we-mackerel caviar, opakishwe ezimbizeni, kufanelekile ukudla, kepha unokungaguquki koketshezi nokunambitheka okumunyu.

IMackerel ithengiswa ngenani elifanelekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Lapho amanani entengo ebheka indlela inhlanzi elethwa ngayo (eqandisiwe, enosawoti, obhemayo noma ekheniwe), ubukhulu bayo nenani lomsoco - inhlanzi enkulu nenamafutha, kubiza kakhulu izindleko zekhilogremu.

Intengo ephakathi yokuthengisa ama-mackerel eRussia yile:

• eqandisiwe - 90-150 r / kg,
• ukubhema - 260 - 300 r / kg,
• ukudla okusemathinini - 80-120 r / ibhizinisi elinobumbano.

Izinhlanzi ezibanjwe ngaphandle kwezwe lethu zibiza kakhulu kunokwezasekhaya: ngokwesibonelo, inkosi yaseChile Mackerel ingathengwa ngentengo engama-200 r / kg, amaJapan - kusuka ku-180, amaShayina, ngosayizi wawo omncane, inentengo ephansi kakhulu yezinhlobo ezingenisiwe - kusuka ku-150 r / kg

Inani eliphakeme lokudla okunempilo nokuqukethwe amavithamini namaminerali, ikakhulukazi i-omega-3 enamafutha angenasisekelo, kwenziwe i-mackerel enye yezinhlanzi eziphambili zokuhweba. Indawo yokuhlala kwayo kanye nokungahambisani nenkontileka yabantu kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwe-mackerel cishe kunoma imaphi amanzi, kokubili olwandle kanye nolwandlekazi.

Inyama yethenda iphekwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kepha inhlanzi ebhemayo ibhekwa njengokudla okubabazekayo, okuthi, ngokuqukethwe kwayo okunamafutha amaningi, kunokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphansi futhi kungalimazi isibalo.

Abantu abahlukahlukene bapheka izitsha zokudla ezivela kuma-mackerel, ngakho izakhamizi zaseMpumalanga Ekude zithanda i-stroganin kusuka kuma-mackerel, futhi emazweni ase-Asia bakha imiphimbo nama-pastes kuyo, ethathwa njengemnandi.

Ukubukeka

IMackerel iboniswa ngumzimba omude, i-caudal peduncle emincane necindezelwe kamuva ne-carinae ye-lateral. I-keel evamile ye-longitudinal yabamele bohlobo ayikho. Inhlanzi inomugqa owakhiwa ngamaphayi amahlanu ongeziwe ngemuva kwe-dorsal ne-anal fin. Kanye namanye amalungu omndeni, i-mackerel inendandatho etholakala eduze kwamehlo.

I-joins of finsal fins ihlukaniswe igebe elichazwe kahle. Inqubo yesisu phakathi kwezinsimbi iphansi futhi ayingcolile. Ngemuva kwama-dinsal wesibili nama-analins kukhona inqwaba yamaphiko amancane, agwema ukwakheka kwama-whirlpools ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwenhlanzi ngokushesha emanzini. I-caudal fin ibonakala ngobulukhuni nobukhulu obukhulu bokubukeka.

Umzimba wonke we-mackerel umbozwe ngezikali ezincane. I-carapace ngaphambili yenziwa ngezikali ezinkulu, kepha ayithuthukiswa kahle noma ayikho ngokuphelele. Cishe umugqa oqondile oseceleni une-bend encane ne-wavy. Amazinyo enhlanzi mancane, acwebile ngesimo. Amazinyo we-Palatine kanye nokuvula kuyimpawu. Ama-stillens amancane we-gill avareji ubude, futhi inani lawo eliphakeme engxenyeni engezansi ye-gill arch yokuqala ayisekho izingcezu ezingamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Abamele lolu hlobo bane-vertebrae engu-30-32.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ummeleli omkhulu wohlobo yi-mackerel yase-Afrika, ubude bayo bungama-60-63 cm anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili, kanti nenhlanzi encane kunazo zonke yi-mackerel yaseJapan noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (42-44 cm no-300-350 g).

I-mackerel snout iyakhonjwa, ngemigqa engaphandle nangasemuva yamehlo embozwe ijwidi lamafutha achazwe kahle. Zonke izinhlobo zokukhothama zabesilisa zibonakala kahle ngomlomo ovulekile. Amaphiko we-pectoral amafushane impela, akhiwa yi-ray engu-18-21. Ngemuva kwenhlanzi kuhlukaniswa ngombala wensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, embozwe imigqa ye-wavy yombala omnyama. Izinhlangothi nesisu sohlobo kuhlatshwa umbala wesiliva ophuzi, ngaphandle kwamamaki.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Abamele uhlobo lweMackerel yohlobo lwezibhukudi ezisheshayo, elungiselelwe kahle ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kukholamu yamanzi. IMackerel isho izinhlanzi ezingakwazi ukuchitha ubuningi bempilo yazo eduze ezansi, ngakho-ke zibhukuda ikakhulukazi emanzini ase-pelagic. Ngenxa yezinsimbi ezibanzi zamaphinifa, abamele ikilasi lezinhlanzi ezigcotshwe ngu-Ray kanye ne-oda leMackerel zigwema kalula izinkanyezi noma ezimweni zokuhamba ngokushesha.

IMackerel ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezisheshayo, futhi ihlala ihlangana ngamaqembu nePeruvian sardines. Abamele umndeni wama-mackerel bazizwa bekhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka ebangeni lokushisa lodwa le-8-20 ° C, ngenxa yalokho, babonakala ngokufuduka konyaka sonyaka. Unyaka wonke, ama-mackerel angatholakala kuphela oLwandlekazi i-Indian, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lihle kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yokungabikho kwesibambo sokubhukuda, umzimba obunjiwe kanye nemisipha ekhule kahle, i-Atlantic mackerel ihamba ngezendlalelo zamanzi ngokushesha okukhulu, ifinyelela kalula ngesivinini esingafika kumakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu ngehora.

Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo esibandayo, i-mackerel ehlala emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama yenza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kuya enyakatho yeYurophu, lapho kunemifudlana efudumele kakhulu evumela ukuba inhlanzi iphile kamnandi. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinhlanzi ezidla inyama azisebenzi ikakhulukazi futhi azisebenzisi amandla azo ngisho nasekudla.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Abamele izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-mackerel yase-Australia yizakhamizi ezijwayelekile zamanzi asogwini engxenyeni esentshonalanga yePacific, ukusuka esifundeni saseJapan naseChina kuya eNew Zealand nase-Australia. Engxenyeni esempumalanga, uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwalezi zinhlobo lufinyelela emkhawulweni weziQhingi zaseHawaii. Futhi, abantu ngabanye bayatholakala emanzini oLwandle Olubomvu. Emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo, iMackerel yase-Australia uhlobo oluyivelakancane. Izinhlanzi ze-Meso- ne-epipelagic zitholakala emanzini asogwini, angekho ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-250 ukuya kwangama-200.

Ama-mackerel ase-Afrika ahlala emanzini asogwini loLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic, kufaka phakathi iziLwandle eziMnyama nezaseMedithera. Abamele le nhlobo basakazwa kabanzi eningizimu yeMedithera. Ukuba khona kwesibalo kuphawulwa kusukela empumalanga ye-Atlantic kanye neBay of Biscay kuze kufike e-Azores. Abantu abasha bavame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, kanti ama-mackerel amadala kunawo wonke asemanzini amaningi asezindaweni eziphansi.

Abamele izinhlobo zama-mackerel aseMpumalanga asatshalaliswa emanzini afudumele, asezindaweni ezishisayo nawaphansi komhlaba. Ensimini yaseRussia, inani lalezi zinhlobo likhona futhi litholakala eduze neziqhingi zaseKuril. Ehlobo, ukuhamba kwemvelo ngezikhathi ezithile zamanzi kwenzeka, ezingaphansi kokushisa kwemvelo, okungandisa kakhulu indawo yokusabalalisa yemvelo.

I-Atlantic mackerel iyisiphetho esivamile esihlala enyakatho yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic Ocean, okubandakanya ugu olusempumalanga olusuka eziqhingini zaseCanary kuye e-Iceland, futhi kutholakala naseBaltic, eMedithera, eNyakatho, eMnyama naseMarmara Seas. Ngasogwini olusentshonalanga, i-Atlantic mackerel itholakala isuka eCape North Carolina iye eLabrador. Abantu abadala bavame ukungena ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwehlobo kungena emanzini oLwandle Olumhlophe. Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke labantu base-Atlantic mackerel litholakala ogwini oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ireland.

Ukudla kweMackerel

Ama-Mackerels ayizisulu ezivamile zasemanzini. Izinhlanzi ezincane zidla kakhulu kuma-plankton amanzi angcolile, kanye nama-crustaceans amancane. Abantu abadala bathanda i-squid nezinhlanzi ezincane njengezinyamazane. Abamele bokudla kwe-genus ikakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini noma kusihlwa.

Isisekelo sokudla kwabamele izinhlobo ze-mackerel yaseJapan imelelwa kaningi ngamaqembu amakhulu ezilwane ezincane ezihlala ezindaweni ezondlayo:

• efausiids
• ama-Copepods
• cephalopods
• ctenophores
• usawoti
• polychaete
• izinkalankala
• izinhlanzi ezincane
• izibungu ze-caviar nezinhlanzi.

Kukhona ushintsho lwesizini ekudleni. Phakathi kokunye, ama-mackerel amakhulu adla ikakhulu izinhlanzi. Phakathi kwabantu abakhulu kakhulu abasesimweni se-cannibalism kuvame ukubonwa kakhulu.

Kuyathakazelisa! Isidlanzana sasolwandle esincane siqonde kakhulu, kepha abamele izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-mackerel e-Australia banesifiso esihle kakhulu sokudla, abakwaziyo ukushesha ngaphandle komcabango ngefishi lokudoba ngaphandle kwenyathi.

Lapho ihlasela inyamazane yayo, i-mackerel iyaphonsa. Isibonelo, i-mackerel yase-Atlantic ngemizuzwana embalwa iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokunyakaza okufika ku-70-80 km / h. Isisulu samanzi siyazingela, siduka imihlambi. Into yokuzingela umhlambi omkhulu imvamisa i-hamsa kanye nama-sandstones, kanye nama-sprats. Izenzo ezihlangene zabamele abantu abadala bohlobo zivusa inyamazane ukuthi inyukele phezulu kwamanzi. Imvamisa ezinye izidlo zasemanzini ezinobukhulu obukhulu, kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle, zijoyina lesi sidlo.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Umhlambi wesikole wePelagic thermophilic uqala ukuvela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abavuthiwe bayakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo minyaka yonke baze bafinyelele eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalombili kuya kwengamashumi amabili. Ama-mackerel avuthiwe kakhulu aqala ukuvela maphakathi nesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Abantu abasha bokweqa ukuzala kabusha kuphela ngoJuni. Ama-mackerel avuthiwe ahlukaniswe nge-caviar. Inqubo yokuzalela yenziwa emanzini afudumele asogwini ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo.

Ama-Mackerels azo zonke izinhlobo azalela ngenkuthalo. Bonke abamele ikilasi le-Bacilli fish, umndeni wama-mackerel, kanye ne-mackerel oda libonakaliswa ngokuzala okukhulu, ngakho-ke, abantu abadala bashiya amaqanda acishe abe yisigidi asebekwe ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-200. Ububanzi besilinganiso seqanda bungamamilimitha elilodwa. Iqanda ngalinye liqukethe iconsi lamafutha, okusebenza njengokudla okokuqala kokukhulisa inzalo ekhula ngokushesha.

Kuyathakazelisa! Isikhathi sokuqalwa kweziqalo ze-mackerel zincike ngqo kwinduduzo esemanzini, kepha kuvame ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10-16.

Izibungu ze-mackerel zinolaka kakhulu futhi zi-carnivorous, ngakho-ke zithambekele ekubulaweni kwabantu. Fry ovela emaqandeni ungene emhlabeni mncane kakhulu ngosayizi, futhi ubude bawo obumaphakathi, njengomthetho, abudluli amasentimitha ambalwa. Fry Mackerel ukhula ngokushesha okukhulu nangokuzikhandla ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke ekuqaleni kwekwindla amasayizi abo angakhuphuka amahlandla amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, isilinganiso sokukhula kwama-mackerel amancane siyancipha.

Izitha zemvelo

Izitha zabo bonke abameleli bomndeni wama-mackerel endaweni yemvelo yasemanzini zinkulu, kepha amabhubesi olwandle nama-pelicans, ama-tuna amakhulu kanye noshaka abeka ingozi ekhethekile kumhlaseli omncane. Inhlanzi ye-pelalockgicgic, evame ukugcinwa emanzini asogwini, iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ku-trophic chain. IMackerel, kungakhathalekile iminyaka yobudala, iyisisulu esihlala njalo hhayi kuphela kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-pelagic, kodwa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle.

Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo

Okuvame kakhulu namuhla ngabameleli bezinhlobo zama-mackerel aseJapan, izakhamuzi ezihlala zodwa ezihlala emanzini azo zonke izilwandle. Inani elikhulu le-mackerel ligxiliwe emanzini oLwandle lwaseNyakatho.

Ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lokuzala, inani labantu ligcinwa endaweni ezinzile, noma ngabe kukhona ukubanjwa kwenhlanzi okuphambili ngonyaka.

Kuzoba nokuthakazelisa:

Kuze kube manje, inani elivamile lawo wonke amalungu omndeni wama-mackerel nohlobo lwe-mackerel abangela ukukhathazeka okuncane. Noma amabanga azo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane agqagqana ngokugqamile, okwamanje kukhona ukucatshangelwa kwangaphambili kohlobo olulodwa endaweni yezwe.

Inani lokudoba

IMackerel iyinhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso.. Abamele bazo zonke izinhlobo bahlukaniswa yinyama enamafutha, ecebile ngo-vithamini "B12", ngaphandle kwamatshe amancane, amnene futhi amnandi kakhulu. Inyama ye-mackerel ebilisiwe futhi ethosiwe ithola ukungaguquguquki okuomile. Abamele uhlobo lwe-mackerel yaseJapan babanjwa emanzini oLwandle iPacific. IJapan neRussia zidla ama-mackerel aseJapan ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngasogwini ebusika.

Ukubanjwa okukhulu kakhulu kubhekwa kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. Imisebenzi yokudoba yenziwa ngemicibisholo yobunzulu obuhlukile, futhi kwenziwa ngosizo lwesikhwama namanetha ahleliwe, amanethi gill kanye ne-Drift amanetha, amagiya ajwayelekile we-uede. Izinhlanzi ezibunjiwe zingena ezimakethe zomhlaba zibheme no-ayisikhilimu, ngendlela enosawoti futhi ekheniwe. IMackerel njengamanje iyisisulu sokuzalaniswa kwezentengiso eJapan.

Ububanzi be-mackerel

IMackerel imelwe emakethe yaseRussia ngesimo se-N / R ne-B / G

kwe-N / A: 200/400, 300/500, 400/600, 500+, 600+

kwe-b / g: 200+, 250+, 275+, 280+, 300+, 350+

I-FAT: okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha kungama-27%, ngokwesilinganiso, amaphesenti wamafutha aqhamuka ku-15-18%.

ISIQINISEKISO SOKUKHAWULA: ikakhulukazi uqhwa olusogwini

Ukudotshwa kweMackerel kwenziwa ngocelemba nokujula okujulile.

IMackerel

IMackerel uhlanganisa izimfanelo ezilusizo kumuntu: zinambitheka, zihlala zigcwele futhi ziphindaphindeka kahle. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubambe inani elikhulu ngonyaka, futhi ngasikhathi sinye hhayi ukubanga ukulimala kwabantu: ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ezihlushwa ukudoba okulinganiselwe, i-mackerel nayo isebenza kakhulu nhlobo.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala yama-mackerel

Izinhlanzi zeMackerel, kungokuhleleka komndeni wama-mackerel-anjenge-mackerel. Ubude bomzimba ojwayelekile walesi sidalwa esingamanzi bubalelwa ku-30 ​​cm, kepha emvelweni, abantu ngamanye bavame ukutholakala ngaphezulu kobude obuphindwe kabili, ngenkathi befika ezinkulungwaneni ezifika ku-2 kg.

Kodwa-ke, izinhlayiya ezincane zingaba nesisindo esingu-300 g kuphela.Ikhanda lezinhlanzi linesimo sesigaxa, umzimba ufana nesigaxa, esimbozwe ngesikali esincane, engxenyeni yomsila siyacolisiswa futhi sicindezelwe kusuka ezinhlangothini. Umbala womzimba uyisiliva, umakwe imivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo, emuva kuluhlaza okotshani.

Ngaphezu kokujwayelekile: i-dorsal ne-pectoral, i-mackerel inezintambo ezinhlanu zamaphiko angeziwe, kuwo umsila ugcwele kakhulu. Njengamalungu amaningi omndeni wama-mackerel, kule nhlanzi enjalo kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa indandatho yamathambo ezungeze amehlo. Ukukhishwa kwalezi zilwane zasemanzini kuyakhonjiswa, amazinyo abumbeke ngesimo futhi mncane ngosayizi.

Ama-Mackerel ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko. Phakathi izinhlobo ze-mackerel Abase-Afrika bafinyelela osayizi abakhulu kunabo bonke. Ubude babantu abanjalo bungalingana no-63 cm, kuyilapho isisindo singadlula amakhilogremu amabili.

Okuncane kakhulu (44 cm no-350 g) alu-mackerel aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma waseJapan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka ezinhlanzini zezinhlanzi ezinjalo kuyaziwa: i-Atlantic ejwayelekile ne-Australia. AmaMackerels anendawo enolwandle eye yasakazekela kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba ngaphandle kwe-Arctic Ocean. Izimbambo zezinhlanzi ezinjalo zibhukuda olwandle oluhlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, zifudukela emanzini amhlophe, futhi kuhlala i-mackerel ekujuleni kolwandle kweBaltic, Marmara, Okumnyama nolunye ulwandle.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Okhokho izinhlanzi bavela kudala kakhulu - eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi 500 edlule. Owokuqala osungulwe ngokuthembekile yi-pikaya, isidalwa esingamasentimitha angama-2-3 ngosayizi, obukeka njengesibungu kunenhlanzi. UPikaya wayengenamaphiko, wabhukuda, egoba umzimba.Futhi kungemva kokuvela kokuvela kwesikhathi eside lapho izidalwa zokuqala ezifana nezanamuhla.

Lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkathi ye-Triassic, ngasikhathi sinye kwavela isigaba sezinhlawulo ze-ray, okuyiqembu le-mackerel. Yize indala endala ye-ray-fin futhi ihlukile kakhulu kunesimanje, izisekelo zebhayoloji yazo ziye zahlala zinjalo. Futhi-ke, izinhlanzi ze-ray-fin zesikhathi se-Mesozoic zacishe zaphela, futhi izinhlobo ezihlala kule planethi manje sezivele zivele enkathini kaPaleogene.

Ihlala kuphi i-mackerel?

Isithombe: Inhlanzi iMackerel

Uhlobo ngalunye lwale nhlanzi luba nohlu lwayo, yize ngokwengxenye ziqaqa.:

• I-Atlantic mackerel itholakala eNyakatho Atlantic, futhi itholakala olwandle iMedithera. Ngezikhathi ezifudumele zingafinyelela kuLwandle Olumhlophe, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke eNyakatho,
• IMackerel yase-Afrika nayo ihlala e-Atlantic, kepha iseningizimu, amabanga ayo ahlangana, kusukela e-Bay of Biscay. Iyatholakala naseCanary Islands nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandle Olumnyama. Okuvame kakhulu oLwandle iMedithera, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yalo eseningizimu. Izinhlanzi ezincane zitholakala yonke indlela eya eCongo, kepha abantu abadala babhukuda baya enyakatho,
• IMackerel yaseJapan ihlala ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Asia nasezindaweni ezizungeze iJapan, iziqhingi zase-Indonesia, empumalanga ingatholakala eHawaii,
• IMackerel yase-Australia itholakala ogwini lwase-Australia, kanye neNew Guinea, Philippines, Hainan neTaiwan, Japan, kwasakazekela enyakatho kuze kufike eziqhingini zaseKuril. Ingatholakala futhi kude nobubanzi obuyinhloko: oLwandle Olubomvu, iGulf of Aden kanye nePersian Gulf. Yize ukudoba kwalolu hlobo kuqhubeka, kubhekelwa ngaphansi kwamaJapan.

Njengoba ubona, i-mackerel ihlala ikakhulu emanzini okushisa aphakathi: mncane futhi kukude kakhulu enyakatho, olwandle lwe-Arctic Ocean, nasezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu ezishisayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, noma kunjalo, ukufudumala kwamanzi alawo olwandle ahlala kulo kuyehluka kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokufuduka kwesizini: iqhubekela ezindaweni lapho amanzi efinyelela khona emazingeni aphakeme okushisa (10-18 ° C).

Cishe zinhlanzi ezihlala oLwandlekazi i-Indian ezingafuduki: lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liguquka kancane phakathi konyaka, futhi ngenxa yalokho asikho isidingo sokufuduka. Abanye abantu bathuthela amabanga amade impela, ngokwesibonelo, ama-mackerel amnyama ashibilika eNorth Atlantic ebusika - ngenxa yemijikelezo efudumele, amanzi asasele ebangeni elifanelekile. Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, wenza uhambo lokubuyela emuva.

Manje uyazi ukuthi i-mackerel itholakala kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudliwa yini yile nhlanzi.

Ngabe kudlani ama-mackerel?

Photo: Mackerel emanzini

Imenyu yale nhlanzi ifaka phakathi:

Ngenkathi i-mackerel incane, idla kakhulu i-plankton: ihlunga amanzi futhi idle ama-crustaceans amancane athile akulo. Iyondla futhi ngemikhaza emincane, izibungu, izinambuzane kanye nezinye izilwane ezincane, ngaphandle kokwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo.

Kodwa futhi kungabandakanyeka ekuqageleni: ukuzingela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi ezincane. Imvamisa, izinhlanzi zidla umhlonyane noma amahlumela amancanyana. Imenyu enjalo ibonakala ngokwengeziwe kwinhlanzi eseyikhulile, futhi ngamasongo ingahlasela inyamazane enkulu kakhulu.

Isikole esikhulu sama-mackerel singabuye sidle imihlambi yezinye izinhlanzi, ezizama ukubalekela ngokuthuthela phezulu kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho ukudideka kuvame ukuqala: ama-mackerel uqobo adla izinhlanzi ezincane, izinyoni zigxumela kuwo, amahlengethwa nezinye izinyamazane ezinkulu zibhukuda ziye kulowo msindo.

Amafutha eMackerel ajwayele ukudla izihlobo zawo. Yize i-cannibalism ivame kubantu abadala: inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke ivame ukudla izingane. Onke ama-mackerels anesifiso esihle sokudla, kepha angcono kunawase-Australia, le nhlanzi yaziwa ngesinye isikhathi ukuziphonsa ngisho nangokhonkco olungenalutho, ithambekele kokudla konke ngokungakhethi.

Iqiniso elihehayo: IMackerel ingadotshwa, kepha hhayi kube lula kangako ngenxa yekhono layo lokujiya futhi ngenkani ukujaha. Angakhumula igwegwe, kufanelekile ukubuyela kancane - ngoba abalandeli bezokudoba ezemidlalo bayamthanda. Kepha ngeke ukwazi ukulubamba ususe ogwini, udinga ukukwenza lokhu esikebheni, futhi kungcono kakhulu ukuba usuka ogwini kahle.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Ulwandle iMackerel

Iyasebenza emini nasekuseni, phumula ebusuku. Lapho ukuzingela ezinye izinhlanzi kwenza ukulahla okungazelelwe, imvamisa kakhulu kusuka ekuqamekelweni. Ngesikhathi sokuphonswa okufushane bayakwazi ukufeza isivinini esikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukusuka kubo.

Izinhlanzi ezi-pelagic, okungukuthi, zihlala ngokujulile. Ukuphila kuma-shoals, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuxutshwe: ngaphezu kwama-mackerel ngokwawo, angafaka ama-sardine nezinye izinhlanzi. Bajwayele ukuzingela bobabili emaphaketheni futhi ngawodwana. Lapho zizingela ndawonye, ​​izikole zezinhlanzi ezincane zivame ukukhuphukela phezulu, lapho ama-mackerels aqhubeka nokuzijaha.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izinyamazane zasolwandle, ezinesifiso sokuthi kwenzakalani, futhi izinyoni, ngokuyinhloko izinyoni zasolwandle, ziyaqala ukudlala - ngakho-ke amanye ama-mackerels avela kubazingeli aphenduka inyamazane, ngoba alahlekelwa ukuqaphela lapho bezama ukubamba ezinye izinhlanzi.

Kepha konke lokhu kusebenza ngenkathi efudumele. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zobusika, i-mackerel iyishintsha ngokuphelele indlela yayo yokuphila futhi iwele ohlotsheni lwe-hibernation. Noma lokhu kungenakubizwa ngokuthi i-hibernation ephelele, izinhlanzi ziqoqana ngamaqembu amakhulu emigodini ebusika, futhi isikhathi eside zihlala ngaphandle kokunyakaza - okusho ukuthi azidli lutho.

IMackerel ihlala isikhathi eside - iminyaka eyi-15-18, kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka engama-22-23. Ikhula kancane ngokuhambisana nobudala, ubudala obufanele kakhulu bokudoba yiminyaka engu-10-12 - ngalesi sikhathi ifinyelela ngosayizi omkhulu, inyama iba yinhle kakhulu.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

AmaMackerel ahlala ezikoleni, zombili kusuka ezinhlotsheni zohlobo olufanayo, futhi ezixubile, kaningi ne-herring, ngoba zivame ukubanjwa ndawonye. Izinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obufanayo ziyabanjiswa ezikoleni, izinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu zeminyaka engu-10-15 ubudala, futhi kuvela izingane ezincane kakhulu kuzo. Ihluma kusuka onyakeni wesibili, emva kwalokho ikwenza minyaka yonke. Ama-mackerel amadala kunawo wonke asefinyelele eminyakeni eyi-10-15 angawokuqala ukuqhakaza, kubantu base-Atlantic lokhu kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli. Ngemuva kwalokho, kancane kancane, kuthunyelwa abantu abathile ukuba bahlume, bonke abancane, nokunye kuze kube emavikini okugcina kaJuni, lapho izinhlanzi ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala ziphonsa amaqanda.

Ngenxa yokuzalwa kabusha konyaka kanye nenani elikhulu lamaqanda eligezwa ngasikhathi (cishe amaqanda angama-500,000 umuntu ngamunye), ama-mackerel afakwa ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi noma ngabe kunesibalo esikhulu sosongo nokubanjwa kwezimboni, kuningi kwawo. Ukuze ihlume, inhlanzi ingena emanzini afudumele ogwini, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ikhetha indawo ejulile futhi ibeke amaqanda ekujuleni kuka-150-200 m. Lokhu kunikeza isivikelo kubadli abaningi be-caviar, kufaka phakathi ezinye izinhlanzi ezingabhukudi ngokujulile.

Amaqanda mancane, cishe amamitha ayi-millimitha, kepha ngaphezu kwe-umbungu, ngalinye libuye libe nethonsi lamafutha, elingawadla ekuqaleni. Ngemuva kokuqhuma kwe-mackerel, ibhukuda ihambisane, kepha amaqanda adinga ukulala izinsuku eziyi-10 ukuya kwezi-20 ukuze izibungu zakhe. Isikhathi esiqondile sincike emngceleni wamanzi, ngokuyinhloko ukushisa kwawo, ngoba i-mackerel izama ukukhetha indawo efudumele yokuqhuma.

Kuyi-larva kuphela eyazalwa engavikeleki ngasikhathi sinye kokuhlaselana, futhi inokhahlo ngokwayo. Uhlasela yonke into encane futhi ebonakala incipha, futhi udla inyamazane uma ekwazile ukukunqoba - isifiso sakhe simane simangalisa. Kubandakanya ukudla uhlobo lwabo. Lapho izibungu zivela kuphela ngo-3 mm ubude, kepha, ngokudla, kuqala ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Njengoba kungekho kudla okwanele kuwo wonke umuntu, iningi labo liyafa ngalesi sikhathi, kepha okusele kukhula kuze kube ngu-4-5 cm ngokuwa - noma kunjalo, basalokhu bekuncane futhi kungavikeleki.

Emva kwalokhu, isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kakhulu sidlula, izinhlanzi ziba negazi elincane, futhi nokuziphatha kwazo ngokwengeziwe kuqale ukufana nabantu abadala. Kodwa noma lapho ama-mackerels evuthwa ngokocansi, ubukhulu bawo busekuncane, futhi ayaqhubeka nokukhula.

Ungayipheka kanjani i-mackerel

IMackerel yinhlanzi ebamba iqhaza elikhulu embonini yokudla. Futhi unikezwa indawo ekhethekile ekuphekeni, kusukela i-mackerel – inhlanzi enempilo. Okuqukethwe kwamafutha enyama yalezi zilwane zasemanzini kuphakeme impela futhi kufinyelela ku-16.5%, futhi ngenxa yalokho izitsha zezinhlanzi ezinjalo, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamafutha acid, zinomsoco kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama ye-mackerel inambitha, ithenda, ayinamathambo amancane, ngakho-ke ihlukaniswe kalula kubo, igcwele amaprotheni wokugaya kalula kanye no-vithamini B12.

Inyama iMackerel iyinhlobonhlobo enhle. Izitsha ezinhle ezingenziwa kule nhlanzi zingaphezu kwenele. Futhi ilusizo kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nasetafuleni elihle zokupheka ze-mackerel, futhi inani elikhulu lasungulwa.

Inyama enjalo ibhakwa kuhhavini ngemifino, kukhethwe, yenziwe nge-batter, iniselwe nososo olunhlobonhlobo, okugcwele ukugcwaliswa kokunisela ngomlomo, izimbotshana ezithosiwe kanye nophizi obilisiwe. Noma kunjalo, umkhiqizo onjalo unezici ezithile. Iqiniso ngukuthi iphunga le-mackerel entsha selicacile.

Kungakho omama bendlu abanekhono, ukuze bakhe izitsha ezihlwabusayo kusuka kuma-mackerel, kufanele baphendukele kwamanye amaqhinga. Ngaphambi kokupheka, inyama yale nhlanzi ivame ukubhangiswa ewayinini elimhlophe elomile, uviniga, ulamula noma ujusi kalamula ukudambisa iphunga elingafuneki. Ngesizathu esifanayo, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ufafaze inyama yezinhlanzi ngamakhambi anephunga elimnandi.

I-Mackerel fillet ihlukaniswe kalula ngezendlalelo ze-semicircular. Inyama enjalo kufanele ibhakwe ngokusonga ngo-foil. I-mackerel ethosiwe futhi ebilisiwe inenkinga yokuthi ivele yomile kancane, ngoba inika kalula amafutha aqukethwe kuyo. Futhi lesi esinye isizathu sokulambisa inyama yakhe ngaphambi kokupheka.

Umkhiqizo okukhulunywe ngawo usetshenziswa kangcono okusha. Futhi kungathandeki kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-mackerel eqandisiwe ngokwesibili. Esimweni sokugcina, amafutha aqukethe inyama angancipha. Futhi uphawu lokuthi lokhu sekuvele kwenzeka amabala aphuzi avele kulesidumbu.