Iningi labantu bezwe lethu bezwa igama elithi "i-swallowtail". Le uvemvane yaziwa ngabaningi. Kungase kubonakale kungavamile lapha ukuthi abantu abaningi abakaze bezwe amagama nezinye izinhlobo, + okuwukuthi, uvemvane abaningi ababezizwa ngayo lapho indlebe. Mhlawumbe isizathu ukuthi lo muntu muhle kakhulu futhi unobukhulu obukhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, kufakwa kuhlu olubhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu, njengoba inani lama-swallowtail lincipha ngokushesha.
Swallowtail butterfly lethiwa kusukela sezinto eziphilayo esidumile yemvelo Carl Onomusa. Waba ngumsunguli womnotho wezwe lezilwane. Lapho uLinnaeus ekubona lokhu, nokho okwakungaziwa namanje, uvemvane, waliqamba ngegama lendodana ka-Aesculapius Machaon, udokotela odumile we-Trojan War, osindise izimpilo zabantu eziningi futhi wadambisa ukuhlupheka kwabantu. Swallowtail - nomele enkulu oda Lepidoptera. Ungowomndeni wezikebhe zesikebhe.
ISwallowtail Butterfly: Incazelo
Swallowtail has mayelana 37 zenyathi. Ungahlukanisa phansi uvemvane kuphela ngamaphiko alo. Kwabesilisa kusuka ku-65 kuye ku-80 mm, kwabesifazane - kusuka ku-75 kuye ku-95 mm. Ubude omdala ifinyelela 9 amasentimitha. Izimpiko zezimbali Butterfly zintekenteke kakhulu, ziyindilinga, zindindizela. Ama-Machaons anamandla kakhulu futhi akakhathali futhi akuvamile ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa. Ngisho noma udle, ngokuvamile ngiyontengantenga amaphiko awo noma cishe ngokushesha phuma.
Uvemvane i-swallowtail, isithombe salo esingabonakala kulesi sihloko, sihle kakhulu. Futhi hhayi abantu abadala kuphela. Ngenxa umbala walo, ngisho amathrekhi amehlo. Zikhanya kakhulu futhi zimibalabala.
Izimpondo zovemvane (njengabo bonke abantu bosuku) zibukeka njengezikhonkwane. Izinambuzane Zinemilenze eyisithupha evuthiwe. Izimpiko zangemuva azisihambelani nesisu, ngoba zine-notch encane kanye “nomsila” ngaphakathi (ukuphuma kwesiqongo).
Ngokuyisisekelo, i-swallowtail ngumbala ophuzi okhanyayo, omucu omnyama ogelezela kuwo wonke umzimba. On the front (main) kwamaphiko butterfly ziyafana vein umbala izindawo ezincane. Futhi emuva - amaketanga amabala amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpiko zidwetshwe kumathiphu ngombala obomvu okhanyayo. Isizukulwane ehlobo zezimvemvane kuyinto paler kunaleyo entwasahlobo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: uvemvane iSwallowtail
Lesitshalo Papilio machaon kungokwalabo sailboats umndeni (kusuka lat. Papilionidae). Uhlobo lolu lwatholakala ngusosayensi wemvelo waseSweden ngo-1758 nguKarl Liney. Isazi sebhayoloji saqamba leli uvemvane ukuhlonipha udokotela wasendulo ongumGrikhi uMachaon, owayengumelaphi, udokotela ohlinzayo futhi elwela amaGrikhi kwiTrojan War (1194 BC). Udokotela wayeyindodana Asclepius (unkulunkulu ephulukisa) kanye Epiona.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Kunenkolelo yokuthi uDkt Machaon welapha amasosha alimaza ezimpini. Empini kaTroy, wabamba iqhaza ukuthola isandla nenhliziyo ka-Elena the Beautiful. Kodwa, lapho efa kwelinye izimpi, umphefumulo wakhe bashintshane ibe uvemvane oluhle ophuzi kanye nephethini amnyama phakathi emaphikweni awo.
Njengoba uhla lwe-swallowtail lubanzi impela, kuze kufinyelele ku-37 subspecies of moth. Okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabo:
- Orientis - eningizimu yeSiberia,
- I-Ussuriensis - Isifunda i-Amur nePrimorye,
- I-Hippocrates - IJapan, iSakhalin, iziqhingi zaseKuril,
- Amurensis - indishi phakathi futhi aphansi Amur,
- I-Asiatica - Central Yakutia,
- Kamtschadalus - Kamchatka,
- Gorganus - eYurophu Ephakathi, eCaucasus,
- I-Aliaska - INyakatho Melika,
- Brutannicus Seitz - United Kingdom,
- Centralis - ogwini Caucasian we iCaspian Sea, North iCaspian esifundeni, Kura Valley,
- Muetingi - Elbrus,
- ISyriacus - eSyria.
Kunezinye zenyathi Nokho, ososayensi ungayazi abaningi babo, kucatshangelwa izinhlobo ezithile zonyaka kuphela efana ngabanye nominative. Ukuxhomekeka kombala wamaphiko ekushiseni akuvumeli osomatekisi ukuthi beze emcabangweni ojwayelekile, ngenxa yalokho okukhona impikiswano engapheli ngalesi sihloko. Ngaphandle, ukubukeka kufana nesikebhe sokuhamba ngomkhumbi saseCorsican kanye nomkhumbi wesikebhe u-Aleksanor.
Ukubukeka nezici
Umbala we-swallowtail uqhakazile futhi muhle - uphuzi noma u-beige. Ngaphezulu kuyiphethini yemigqa emnyama. usayizi umzimba ifinyelela 10 amasentimitha azalela futhi 8 kwabesilisa. Amaphiko asuka kumasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-10, kuya ngezinsiza ezingaphansi. Emaphethelweni angaphandle amaphiko kunephethini lamabala aphuzi okwenziwe ngenyanga.
Ngamaphiko indluzelekazi side imisila nendawo esiswini. Ubude bawo bungafinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-10. Ezinhlangothini zamaphiko kufakelwe izindawo eziluhlaza okotshani nokuphuzi. On ingaphakathi kwamaphiko kuyinto "iso" obomvu. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-24.
Ividiyo: ISwallowtail Butterfly
Amacimbi amabhu oluhlaza ngemivimbo black lapho kukhona amachashazi amaningi abomvu. Ubude bomzimba wabo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa bungamamitha ayi-2. Engxenyeni ye-prothoracic, kukhona i-gland ebunjiwe ebumba "izimpondo" zeorenji.
Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: "Izimpondo" ukukhonza yisivikelo izitha zemvelo. I-Iron ikhipha iphunga elingajabulisi elixosha abazingeli. Amakhethini iningi losuku aluka. Bona fihla ngokwabo njengoba inyoni droppings ukuze zidonse ukunaka kwanoma izinyoni.
I-Pupae ingaba mpunga noma ibe luhlaza. Isizukulwane sokugcina sihlala sibanda esigabeni sabafundi. Umuntu omdala okuzelwe entwasahlobo, lapho bonke yesithwathwa ukudlula. Ngehora lokuqala isigamu asomisa amaphiko ancibilike, bese andiza azungeze indawo.
Ngakho-ke sikutholile ngani uvemvane butterfly ibukeke. Manje thola ukuthi uhlala kuphi uvemvane Swallowtail.
Uhlala kuphi uvemvane?
Photo: uvemvane butterfly
Lolu hlobo luhlala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi oMhlaba. Ungahlangana nezinambuzane eNyakatho Melika, eningizimu yeNdiya, eNyakatho Afrika, eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi i-Indian, kulo lonke elase-Asia, eNgilandi, amabhu ahlala kuphela ezindaweni zasesifundeni saseNorfolk nasendaweni edlula esuka oLwandle Olukhulu lwe-Arctic iya eLwandle Olumnyama.
butterfly uvemvane angaphila cishe kunoma iyiphi imvelo, noma yisiphi isimo sezulu simfanele. Kwahlotshwa uvemvane ezintabeni zaseTibet endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4 500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Leyo ukusatshalaliswa olunzulu yendawo kwaholela uhlu kangaka okudingeka zenyathi.
Izinambuzane zithanda izikhala ezivulekile, ngakho-ke zithanda amasimu, imiphetho yamahlathi, izitebhisi, izingadi, i-tundra emadolobheni angenangqondo angenangqondo. Amamothi angandiza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2,5 kuye kwayi-4. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kweyodwa isitshalo bengakwenzi bayasala, ngakho zemvelo wababiza izimvemvane lisebenza.
Enyakatho yobubanzi balezi zidalwa ezinhle zingatholakala ehlobo, ezindaweni eziseningizimu izinhlobo ziphaphama kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. ILepidoptera ayithandi ukungafuduki, kodwa ukuhlala ebusika emazweni abo okuzalwa. amaqoqo amakhulu Ikakhulukazi kuyagcinwa ku emazweni nihlwanyelwe izaqathe, imbewu caraway, fennel, futhi dill.
I-Subspecies i-Orientis ithanda isimo sezulu eseningizimu, i-Asiatica ithanda enyakatho, uGorganus wakhetha ukufudumala okulinganiselwe. IBrannannicus iyazithanda izindawo ezinomswakama, kanti iCentralis neRustaveli bakhethe izindawo eziphakemeyo. Ngokuvamile, umbono ukhetha izindawo libalele inala imibala.
Incazelo nokubukeka
IMachaon ejwayelekile ingekaLepidoptera, ovela emndenini weSailing. Ngebanga lalokho, lokhu zilwane Lihlanganisa izinto ezingaphezu kuka-35 zenyathi. Iphiko le-Butterfly:
- owesilisa - 6.6-8 cm,
- zesifazane - 7.5-9.5 cm.
Uvemvane i- yinhle, umbala. Njengazo zonke izinambuzane, inamabhuzu ayi-6 emilenze. Umbala we-swallowtail uvame kakhulu ophuzi. A black umugqa egobhoza wonke umzimba. Ezindongeni zangaphambili kukhona amabala anombala ofanayo.
Ezimpondweni zezingemuva, ezingekho eduze kwesisu ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-notch ekhethekile, kukhona amabala amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amacebiso wamaphiko zibomvu. Ama-butterflies azalwa entwasahlobo avame ukugqama kunasehlobo ehlobo.
Ngabe udlani uvemvane?
Njengoba nje lokuzalwa ukwehla kwesibungu senzeka, isinambuzane ngokushesha uqala ukudla amaqabunga simila lapho iqanda sase sibekiwe. Amakhethini adla kakhulu ngentshiseko, enza ukunikezwa okukhulu kwamandla ngalesi sigaba. Imvamisa, izinhlobo zezambulela ziba ukudla kwezinhlobo ezikule ndlela ephakathi, njengokuthi:
- parsley,
- Dill,
- I-Caraway,
- Izaqathi (zasendle noma ezivamile),
- Hogweed,
- UButene
- Angelica
- Ama-prangos
- Gorichnik
- fennel,
- Umsiki,
- UCelery,
- kwethanga
- Umsiki,
- I-Girchovnitsa.
Izakhamuzi nezinye izifunda adla izitshalo bomkhaya rutov - umlotha Fluffy, lase-Amur velvet, kwezinhlobo ezahlukene amahlamvu ezivamile, izimbali kwakwakhe: umhlonyane, birch: Maximovich Alder, Alder Japanese. Ekupheleni kokukhula kwayo, isifiso sesibungu siyancipha futhi empeleni asidli.
Abantu abadala badla umpe, njengazo zonke izimvemvane eziningi, ngenxa ye-proboscis yabo ende emnyama. Ababona njengoba fastidious e ukudla njengoba amacimbi, ngakho bakhetha izitshalo isambulela hhayi kuphela. Ukuze bazitholele ukudla, amabhu ahambela izimbali ezahlukahlukene.
Kubantu abadala, inani elikhulu lokudla alidingeki, badinga kuphela ithonsi lomthi wezimbali, futhi baqeda ukoma kwabo ngamazolo okusa. Lepidoptera ukuthola zonke izakhi mkhondo kuyadingeka ukuze balondoloze ephilayo encane kusuka inhlabathi equkethe usawoti, noma imfucumfucu nezinye izilwane.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Endle, ama-machaon anezitha ezimbalwa. Izinyoni, izintuthwane, izicabucabu Akungikhathazi udla ubuhle likhona. Ekhaya, lesi sinambuzane asinazitha zemvelo. I-Butterfly izalela ezinyangeni ezimbili zokugcina zasentwasahlobo. I ethize yokuzalanisa izinsuku zithonywa isici zezulu.
Owesifazane obizwa ngokuthi yi-swallowtail ubeka amaqanda aphuzi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ezitshalo. Uvemvane uhlala cishe amasonto amathathu, nsuku zonke ebekela amaqanda ama-2-3 ngendlela eyodwa. Kungakanani ekugcineni eyensikazi ngeke amaqanda ngoba wakhe wonke umjikelezo kuphila okufushane yikona kuphela kunzima ukubala, kodwa cishe hhayi ngaphansi ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane.
Amakhethini avela emaqanda ezizukulwaneni ezimbili. Labo abazalwa ngoMeyi-Juni - abokuqala abazalwa ekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla, bangabesizukulwane sesibili.
Njengoba bekhula, isibungu uphendulela oluhlaza, transverse stripes black ivele umzimba, izinto ezihlobene zinyamalale, kanye halos abe izindawo umane orange. Isibungu sitshekula kuleso sihlahla lapho besihlala khona.
I-Pupae yesizukulwane sokuqala inomthunzi okhanyayo wombala ophuzi-oluhlaza. Isizukulwane yesibili obunsundu, iziphungumangathi yabo abasakwazi obukhulu, bakwazi ukuvikela abandayo ngisho frost. Izici ezinjalo ngesakhiwo se-pupa zenzelwe ukusinda ebusika. Ama-Butterflies kusuka ku-pupae yesizukulwane sokuqala azovela ngezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, abafowabo abancane bazokhula ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Ake ukugxila incazelo inqubo for zizalela uvemvane uvemvane ekhaya. Ukuze ubuhle obunjalo bume nezimpande futhi buzalele ekhaya lakho, uzodinga:
- i-aquarium noma i-terrarium, ngesilinganiso sama-10 l wevolumu kuwo wonke amathrekhi ama-5
- esitsheni esincane ngamanzi, lapho dill uzobe elise lokondla amacimbi,
- igatsha lokuhlwanyelwa isibungu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Red Incwadi swallowtail swallowtail
Umsebenzi weButterfly ubonakala ngesikhathi sosuku. Zibuye ziphendule izimbali eziqhakaza kuphela emini. Abadala zibukhoma emasontweni ambalwa, futhi ngemva kokukhulelwa (abesilisa) kanye ebeka amaqanda (nabesifazane), amabhu afe. Isikhathi sasehlobo siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni nangoJulayi-Agasti; izindlela ezingaseningizimu zingahlangatshezwa ngoSepthemba.
Ama-Machaons ayizidalwa ezihamba nendlwana. Ngisho kuyilapho zidla umpe, abazi zisonga amaphiko ukuze ikwazi ukundiza eminye ngasiphi yesibili. Abantu abathambekele ekufudukeni bangena emadolobheni bazinza ezindaweni zamapaki, iziza zasengadini, otshanini obugcwele izitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Ukuthola izimo ezintofontofo kakhulu zokuba khona nendawo enendawo enhle yokudla, amabhu alungele ukuhamba amabanga amakhulu. Abantu abaningi abanalesi ukuletha izizukulwane ezimbili zokuphila ngayinye, enyakatho senhlobo - omunye, eningizimu - bebathathu. Abadala babheke kakhulu ekuzaleni futhi bazame ukuthola umlingani ngokushesha okukhulu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amakhethini alezinhlobo anezinto zomlomo ezihehayo. Baqala ukudla iqabunga ukusuka emaceleni. Sebefinyelele emthanjeni ophakathi nendawo, badlulela kolandelayo. Zithola isisindo ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa, njengoba nje i pupates ngabanye, ukukhula liyaphela. Amabhu adinga amandla kuphela endiza nokuzala.
Umsoco
Indlela ukondla amacimbi, kwathiwa ngenhla, amazwi manje ambalwa ngalokho butterflies uvemvane udle. Emvelweni, lesi sinambuzane sidla umpe. Dala umucu wokudla okunjalo kuye - usike i-apula noma yisiphi esinye isithelo, mhlawumbe uqala ukubola, ushiye.
Indlela ngenhla akuyona esebenza kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele azame okunye okukhethwa kukho. Hlakaza izipuni ezi-2 zoju engilazini enamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Thela umpe wokufakelwa ongene esitsheni noma esosweni. ukuletha ngokucophelela isilwane sakho phezulu, ngiyibeke ohlangothini nezitsha, noma emaphethelweni esosweni. Thatha i-proboscis yakhe ngenaliti emincane bese ucwilisa umpe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Caterpillar Butterfly swallowtail
Njengoba imvelo yathatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuba khona kwama-machaons, ama-butterflies kuphela azalwa ngokushesha aqala ukufuna umlingani. Imibhangqwana itholana ngokwenziwa kwe-pheromone, eyikhipha emvelweni.
Phakathi nokuphila yayo iDemo, insikazi uphatha amaqanda 100-200. Endleleni ngayinye, ibeka amaqanda angama-2-3 ayisiyingi ngombala ophuzi ophuzi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga noma ezihlahleni zezitshalo. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, amaqanda aba mnyama futhi ashintshe umbala wawo ube mnyama.
Abesifazane abeke ngamabomu iqanda elilodwa amaqabunga ezahlukene zezitshalo ukuze ahlinzeke ukudla amacimbi ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10, izibungu, okuqala ukuzidla kuqala. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngamaviki ayi-7, isibungu sinamathela ngentambo yesilika esiqwini sesitshalo, kwenzeka molt ekugcineni kanye nemidlwane ngayinye.
I iziphungumangathi kukhona umile amasonto 2-3, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ibe butterfly omdala. Ku-cocoon, iningi lezitho zomthakathi liyabhujiswa, liguqulwa libe yizitho zomuntu omdala. Inqubo ifana nokugaywa komzimba womuntu kukhukhunathi.
Summer iziphungumangathi bangamaRoma oluhlaza, labo ebusika azotho. Uvemvane luzoba sesigabeni sezingane kuze kufike izinsuku zokuqala ezifudumele. Lapho imifantu ikhukhunya, kuzalwa isidalwa esihle. Okwesikhathi esithile leli bhu ihlala elangeni futhi bome ukusakazeka kwalo amaphiko, ngemva kwalokho-ke ubeka off ziyofuna ukudla kanye umlingani.
Ukuzala
Mid-August isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke sokuqoqa amacimbi. Thatha ngcono kunalabo abababusayo kabani usayizi ingeqi ngamasentimitha amabili.
Isibungu esibanjiwe kufanele sitshale dill. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20, izodla ngokwanele futhi isilungele ukubhujiswa. Nge ukukhula, isibungu izoshintsha umbala. Ungakhathazeki ngalokhu, le yimiphumela ejwayelekile yokuncibilika.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20, isibungu siyeka ukondla bese siqala ukubheka igatsha ukuze sizidle. Lapho isibungu uthola egatsheni oyifunayo, it is thwi elikulo kusuka zombili. Kulesi sikhundla, kuzohlala isikhathi esingangezinsuku ezimbili, ukuncibilika nokucwilisa kuvame ukwenzeka ebusuku. Ipupa liqhamuka egobolondweni eliwile. Manje udinga ukususa egobolondweni nge legatsha ngaphambi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo esiqandisini.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi i-machaon ihlala kanjani endle nokuthi uyifuya kanjani ekhaya. Konke ukukhohlisa okungenhla, ekuqaleni, kubonakala kulula. Kodwa, uma unquma ukukhetha butterfly yokuzalela ngokwakho njengendlela yokuzilibazisa, futhi akunandaba kuwe ukuqala lapho, zama zizalela of hawthorn njengendlela isiqalo. Lesi ayisinambuzane esincane esihle, futhi asifuni ngokuphelele, okungenakushiwo nge-machaon.
Izitha zemvelo zovemvane
Photo: uvemvane butterfly
Kuzo zonke izigaba zokujikeleza kwempilo, izinambuzane zisengozini. I-butterfish Swallowtail ingaba ukudla kwama-arachnids, izinyoni, izintuthwane, izilwane ezingavikeleki, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Amabhu e isibungu noma pupal esiteji sibuthakathaka kakhulu. Isinambuzane siyakwazi ukugwema ukuhlaselwa ngenxa yombala wokufihlakala.
Emncane, isibungu sibukeka njengezinyosi.Ngemuva kokunye okuvela emzimbeni, kuvela amabala amnyama nakhanyayo emzimbeni. Ukubukeka okumibalabala kuvumela izinyamazane ziqonde ukuthi izinambuzane azikufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa ngabantu. Uma isibungu sizwa ingozi, siqala ukukhipha iphunga elingemnandi elibi ezimpondweni, libonisa ukuthi ukunambitheka kwalo kuyenyanyeka.
Ezindongeni zasemuva kukhona amabala abomvu okwesibhakabhaka anomngcele omnyama, okhumbuza ukubukeka kwamehlo. Lapho amaphiko eseluliwe, lezi zibuko zesabekayo zibaxosha abazingeli abafuna ukudlela inundu. Umphumela ubekelwa izinqubo ezi-oblong kumathiphu ezimpiko, afana nama-ponytails.
Eminyakeni engu-70 edlule, amabhu ayebhekwa njengezinambuzane ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezikhulwe ngabantu. Abantu babulala izimvemvane ngazo zonke izindlela, belapha amasimu ngobuthi nangamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezinhlobo selinciphile ngokushesha futhi ukuhlangana nalesi sidalwa esishisayo sekuyinkinga.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Inani le-swallowtail lincane futhi lihlobene ngqo nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zabo zemvelo. E-Russia, abantu bathathwa njengento encane. Izindawo ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezihlala ezindaweni ezilandela ujantshi wesitimela kanye nemiselekazi yokubuyisa umhlaba inobuthi ngama-pesticides.
Ukushiswa kotshani ekwindla, obuthole umlingiswa omkhulu wenhlekelele, kudala umonakalo omkhulu. Lapho kushiswa utshani entwasahlobo, inani elikhulu le-pupae ebusika ngeziqu zezitshalo liyachithwa. Ukulimala okuningana kwezinombolo kubangelwa futhi ngotshani botshwala behlobo emigwaqweni emikhulu.
Ingxenye yecala ihlala kubaqoqi abafuna ukuthola izinhlobo eziningi ezisengozini ezisengozini ngangokunokwenzeka emaqoqweni abo. Babamba abantu abathile noma ngabe ngamasethi abo, noma ngokushintshana nabanye abathanda buttervezi abavela ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene. Kepha akekho oqoqa izibalo, kanye nedatha enanini lomonakalo.
Izinkinga zemvelo zibandakanya isimo sezulu esibandayo, amazinga okushisa aphansi, iqhwa lakuqala, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu akanaso isikhathi sokuphamba, ukuwa okungapheli, okuholela ekunqotshweni kwezibungu ngama-fungus nama-parasites. Ukwehla kwamanani kuyabonakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwamanye amazwe, izinhlobo zivikelekile.
I-Swallowtail Butterfly Guard
Photo: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail
Izazi zemvelo emhlabeni wonke zikhathazekile ngesibalo samabhu futhi zithatha izinyathelo zokuqeda usongo lokuqothulwa. E-Tatarstan, kwaqalwa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa indawo yokuhlala ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Machaon Valley". Yakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi ilondoloze ubume bendawo ngenqwaba yamachibi.
Ukuze kudwetshwe inkinga, eLatvia ngonyaka ka-2013 isithombe sesinambuzane sabekwa engubeni yasesifundeni saseSkrudalien. Ngo-2006, uMachaon waba uphawu lweGermany. Emazweni angenhla, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukubamba izimvemvane ezindala nokucekela phansi izibungu. Kwenqatshelwe ukusabalalisa izinambuzane futhi zidle imfuyo ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo.
Izakhamizi ezingenanhlonipho zeplanethi zibandakanyeka ekuzaleni amabhu ekhaya. kwalokhu, izimvemvane kufanele zinikezwe i-aquarium, amalitha ayi-10 ngosayizi wabantu aba-5, ngethangi lamanzi, dill kanye negatsha, lapho amacimbi azogobhoza khona ngokulindela ama-metamorphoses. Ama-Butterflies azodinga amanzi noju ukuze ondle.
Lezi zidalwa ezintekenteke ziyasijabulisa ngobuhle bazo, kalula ukundiza, ushintsho olumangalisayo. Abanye bazama ukubamba inundu kube mnandi, bengazi ukuthi impilo yakhe imfushane kakhulu. Kungcono ukujabulela ubukhulu baso endle, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isikhathi esifushane esabelwe butterflies
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Kungani uvemvane lubizwa kanjalo - enkulu i-swallowtail? Umthombo waleli gama elithandekayo usezweni lasendulo likaTroy, lapho udokotela odumile ogama lakhe linguMachaon eke waphila isikhathi eside.
Inganekwane ngaye ithi inani elikhulu lamasosha abulawe ngokoqobo avela ezweni elilandelayo ngenxa yolwazi nemizamo yalo dokotela oyisimangaliso. Ngenhlonipho yakhe, uvemvane omuhle waqanjwa isazi sebhayoloji uKarl Liney.
Le ndalo ekhangayo yemvelo ibonakala ngosayizi wayo omkhulu nombala omuhle ngokungajwayelekile. Izimpiko zaleli uvemvane zifinyelela ku-65 ziye ku-95 mm. Umbala wamaphiko ubuswa ngamathoni aphuzi afudumele.
Ngokuphikisana nale ingemuva eliphuzi, amaphethini amnyama abonakala ngokucacile, amaningi aseduze nomzimba we-machaon nasezinhlangothini zamaphiko. Amaphethini yimivimbo kanye nezichashazi. Izimpiko zangemuva zihlotshiswe ngemisila, ubude bayo bungaba ngu-10 mm.
Izimpiko ezifanayo zangemuva zihlotshiswe ibala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nesimo esijikelezwe eduze kwesiqhwaku sephiko neso elibomvu ngokucebile kusuka ohlangothini lwaso olungaphandle. Ama-machaon ehlobo abonakala ngombala we-paler.
Entwasahlobo, kunothile futhi kukhanya. Umbala ubuye uthinte indawo yokuhlala izimvemvane. Labo abahlala eningizimu banombala ophuzi ogqamile futhi hhayi ngokuchazwa ngokusobala kangako ngemibala emnyama. Ezakhamuzini zezindawo ezisenyakatho, umbala ophuzi emaphikweni ngandlela thile, kepha amaphethini amnyama kuzo acacisiwe.
Abesilisa bavame ukuba mncane kunabesifazane. Isitho esinezimpawu ezinhle ku-machaon i-antennae yaso enjengeklabhu, ehlanganiswe ngamavemvane amaningi. Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi lolu hlobo luhle futhi luyachuma. Akunakwenzeka ukuvuma ngaphandle kokunconywa isithombe uvemvane olugwinyayo.
Idlulisela bonke ubuhle bayo bemilingo kanye ne-charm. Uma ubheka lokhu okwenziwe ngendalo, uqala ukuqonda ukuthi muhle kanjani lo mhlaba muhle. Abanye babameli bakhe bamenza akholelwe inganekwane nezimangaliso. Ukubona kwalesi sinambuzane kuyakujabulisa.
Kuhlala butterfly Swallowtail ezindaweni eziningi. Ungahlangana naye kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu ngaphandle kwe-Ireland. Yazisa lobu buhle obumangalisayo eNyakatho Melika, eNyakatho Afrika nase-Asia.
I-Machaon ihlala izindawo eziseningizimu, kubandakanya nendawo eshisayo. Lesi sinambuzane singatholakala naseTibet endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4 500. Lezi zimvemvane zihlala kahle ezindaweni ezivulekile. Bazithanda izimbotshana ezigwinyayo, imiphetho yamahlathi, izitebhisi, ama-tundra, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ugwadule olunesiqingatha.
Habitat
USwallowtail uvemvane uhlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngaphandle kwase-Ireland. Kutholakala nase-Asia, eNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika. Leli bhungane lingabonakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi nasezintabeni zaseTibet litholakala endaweni ephakeme ngokungaphansi kwamamitha angama-4500.
I-Machaon ithanda izikhala ezivulekile, ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi ihlala emaphethelweni amamadows, e-tundra, e-steppe, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasehlane. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ze uvemvane zivela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, naseningizimu - kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuya ku-Okthoba. Umuntu omdala uhlala cishe amasonto amathathu.
Kusakazeka kanjani i-machaon
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kukamvemvane siqala ngoMeyi. Kepha ngokuya ngesifunda sokuhlala, kulokhu kungahluka - kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngoJulayi, Agasti noma Septhemba. Ukuhluma kwenzeka emoyeni, ngesikhathi sokubizwa nge-mating flutter.
Ngemuva kokuvela kokuzala, insikazi ibekela iqanda elilodwa noma amathathu aphuzi ngasikhathi. Ngenkathi, uyakwazi ukuzala amaqanda afinyelela ku-120. Amakhethini avela ngesonto. Muhle kakhulu, uqhakazile. Ekuqaleni, kumnyama nje ngamabala amhlophe nabomvu. Ngemuva kwalokho ziphenduka ziluhlaza, kuvela umbala owengeziwe we-orange nemivimbo emnyama. Zinokukhanya okukhulu futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa ziqala ukudla amacembe.
Ukuvikela ezitheni, uvemvane olugwinyayo lunamaqhubu ekhanda elingabonakali uma isibungu sisesimweni esizolile. Kepha basengozini, baphenduka ukukhula kwama-orange, besakaza iphunga elibi elimnandi.
Kamuva, njengezinye izimvemvane, amacimbi okugwinya aguqulwa abe yi-pupae. Kuya ngesizini, ingaba nemibala ehlukene. Ehlobo, ziluhlaza okotshani; zikhula amasonto amathathu. Ebusika baba nsundu. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pupae ikhula ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziningana kuze kube yilapho kufika isimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho uvemvane olusunguliwe selungavele lundize ngaphandle kokwesaba sezulu esibandayo futhi sidle.
Izitha Zikabhungane
Izitha eziphambili ze-machaon izinyoni, izicabucabu nezinye izinto ezingavikelekile. Kodwa futhi izimvemvane zisengozini enkulu esigabeni sokushintshela kumuntu osemdala: ngesimo samaqanda, amacimbi kanye ne-pupae. Abaningi bafa ngenxa yomlilo we-steppe.
Inani lalezivemvane ezifundeni ezihlukile luhlukile. Lokhu kuthonywa kakhulu isicupho sabo samaqoqo. E-Ukraine, eJalimane, eLithuania naseLatvia, lezi zimvemvane zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. I-butterfish Swallowtail akuyona eyezinhlobo eziningi futhi ayilimazi ezolimo. Kodwa lokhu kwaziwa hhayi kudala, futhi phambilini kwakulwiwa naye kabi. Uma ososayensi behluleka ukubuyisa inani lalezi zidalwa ezinhle, khona-ke zinganyamalala ebusweni boMhlaba.
Ukuziphatha kwemvelo
Njengoba ama-Machaons eqala ukusebenza ngosuku, ayakwazi ukufinyelela kwizimbali eziningi. Lezi zimvemvane ezinkulu zidinga umpe omningi, ngakho-ke zingatholakala emapaki ahlukahlukene nasezivandeni.
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Abesilisa bayizinambuzane zomhlaba. Bakhetha isikhala sabo siqu endaweni ephakeme. Futhi, akuwona umfokazi ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane, ehleli ogwini lwamachibi. Bonke abantu bavame ukuhlala emagqumeni nezihlahla ezinde. Ama-Machaons amaningi afuthelana phezulu futhi akhombisa umdanso wawo oyingqayizivele phezulu naphansi.
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Emvelweni, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola uMachaon aphumule wonke amaphiko asatshalaliswa, ngoba amaphiko asemuva awabonakali ngokumelene nengaphambili. ISwallowtail ingasakaza amaphiko ngokuphelele lapho ivezwa ukukhanya kwelanga okufudumele nokukhanya.
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Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokundindizela kwalezi zimvemvane ziqala entwasahlobo ziye ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, cishe izizukulwane ezintathu zalaba abamele. Ama-Machaon amaningi anika izizukulwane ezimbili kuphela zezimvemvane. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kwesimvemvane esidala sivama ukwedlula amasonto ama-3.
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Isikhathi sokuzala
Owesifazane oyedwa ubekela amaqanda angaba ngu-120. Ngesikhathi sokubumba, uvemvane ulenga phezu kwezitshalo ukubeka amaqanda ohlangothini lwesiqu noma esiqwini sesitshalo. Isigaba seqanda eMachaons sithatha izinsuku ezi-5, ekugcineni kuvela isibungu esimnyama esinamabala akhanyayo. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, aguqula umbala abe luhlaza onamachashazi e-orange nemithende emnyama.
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Ukuguqula iSwallowtail Caterpillar ibe yiPupa
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Izibungu zisebenza ngokweqile futhi zidla njalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokwempela ngesonto zifinyelela ku-9 mm ubude. Ukudla okuyi-larvae okuvame kakhulu amaqanda, izimbali namaqabunga. I-larva eyodwa ingadla umbhede wedayi. Kepha lapho kuqala ama-chrysalis, izibungu ziyeka ukugcina izakhi zomzimba ekudleni. Isikhathi se-pupal senzeka ngeziqu zezitshalo. Umbala ungaba ophuzi-luhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. Kuya ngesikhathi sokufundwa. Isikhathi sokudlwengula sihlala kusuka emavikini angama-2-3 kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ijubane lokubonakala kwebhabhathane lincike esimweni sezulu.
Ukwehluka
Izimvemvane zesizukulwane sokuqala nabantu abahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga banombala ogqamile, izimvemvane zesizukulwane sasehlobo zikhulu ngokugqamile futhi zinombala ogqamile. Ngokucatshangelwa kwesizukulwane sokuqala, iphethini emnyama emaphikweni ichazwa kabanzi. Eminyakeni esishisayo, ukubonakala kwamabhabhathane amancane anephethini elimnyama eliyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukulandela okulandelayo
Ngenxa yobubanzi obubanzi kakhulu, amafomu okugwinya aze afike kuma-subspecies angama-37.
EMpumalanga Yurophu, imelelwa yizinhlangano ezingabhalisile. Ngaseningizimu yeSiberia kunezibuyekezo i-orientis (Verity, 1911), imisila esezimpikweni zezimvemvane imfishane futhi umbala omnyama osemithanjeni uthuthuke ngokwengeziwe. Esifundeni sase-Amur nasePrimorye - okuyi-subspecies ussuriensis (I-Sheljuzhko, 1910) (= umjaho we-amurensis Verity, 1911), okuthi isizukulwane sasehlobo sikhonjiswe ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu - amaphiko ezinsikazi abesilisa aze afike ku-84 mm, kuthi abesifazane babe ngu-94 mm.
ESakhalin, iziqhingi zaseKuril naseJapan subspecies zihlala hippocrates (UC. Et R. Felder, 1864), - umucu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu kwamehlo wephiko lasemuva likhona phakathi kwabamnyama ababili. Ukulandela okulandelayo amurensis - Imisila emifushane, isizukulwane esisodwa ngonyaka, umbala ophuzi okhanyayo. Ihlala kuwo wonke umcengezi ophakathi nendawo ne-Amur ephakathi ebangeni lawo. Indlela enkulu ye-swallowtail echazwe ngaphambili evela esifundeni sase-Ussuri ibizwa ngokuthi ussuriensis isizukulwane sasehlobo sangaphansi sasehlobo kuphela amurensis.
Ukulandela okulandelayo sachalinensis, uma uqhathanisa nengosi yangaphambilini, ungphuzi ocwebezelayo ophuzi onephethini emnyama enkulu. Izitebhisi zaseTransbaikal, eCentral Yakutia zihlala okungenani izinkampani ezimbili ezingaphansi: i-orientisuhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu kakhulu yebanga, futhi asiaticaenyakatho ejwayelekile yokugcina. Kuchazwe ngumlobi waseJapan (Matsumura, 1928), izindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi kwe-swallowtail - mandschurica (Manchuria) ne chishimana Mats. (UFr Shikotan) namanje akacaciswa ngokwanele.
Ukubhaliswa okuvelele kakhulu kombala wayo - kamtschadalus (I-Alpataky, 1869). Ngenkathi igcina umbala ophuzi okhanyayo, ihlukaniswa yi-pallor ejwayelekile yephethini emnyama emaphikweni kanye nemisila emfushane ebonakalayo.
ECentral Europe, eCaucasus esenyakatho nentshonalanga, kanye naseningizimu yeThafa laseRussia, indawo yonke engaphansi isakazekile. gorganus (Fruhstorfer), e-UK subspecies britannicus I-Seitz, isilwanyana esingezansi eNyakatho Melika - i-aliaska Isikhafu.
Isigamu esisempumalanga yeGreater Caucasus, ama-steppe kanye nama-semi-desert esifundeni saseNyakatho Caspian, ugu lweCaucasian olwandle lweCaspian, isigodi saseKura nezintaba zaseTalysh ziyindawo yokuhlala enkabeni, ingena e-Iran futhi idabula i-Elburs ridge iya eKopetdag. I-subspecies ichazwa kwa-Elburz muetingi USeyer, 1976, kusukela emithambekeni eseningizimu yeKopetdag - weidenhofferi Seyer, 1976.
I-Asia Minor subspecies i-syriacus (indawo ejwayelekile: iSyria). Abahlali bezintaba eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme kulo lonke elaseCaucasus bayindlela engaphansi i-rustaveli.
Kodwa-ke, iningi lama-taxonomist aliziboneli eziningi "izikhala" ze-Machaon, ngakho-ke uKopetdag weidenhofferi ISeyer, 1976 ifomu nje elincanyana lesentwasahlobo, elifana kakhulu nabantu abaqokiwe, ehlobo ejwayelekile ehlobo lindiza ezindaweni ezifanayo enkabeni. Lezi zokugcina zivame ukubukwa njengefomu lokushisa eliphakeme kuphela le-swallowtail.
Indawo
Ukubuka kabanzi kwesifunda sonke se-Holarctic. Kutholakala yonke indawo eYurophu (engekho e-Ireland kuphela, kanti naseNgilandi kuhlala kuphela esifundeni saseNorfolk) kusuka olwandle lwe-Arctic Ocean kuya ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama kanye neCaucasus. Kutholakala e-Asia (kufaka phakathi izindawo ezishisayo), eNyakatho Afrika naseNyakatho Melika. Ezintabeni zaseYurophu ikhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle (Alps), e-Asia - ifinyelela ku-4500 m (iTibet).
Habitat
Ihlala kuma-biotopes afudumele afudumele kahle, imvamisa enezindawo ezinomswakama lapho kukhula khona izitshalo zesambulela. Itholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-tundra enyakatho. Ebhande lasehlathini - ukhetha izimbali zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, imiphetho, ukusulwa, umgwaqo, amabanga omfula. Ngokuvamile kutholakala kuma-agrocenoses. Ezindaweni eziphansi zaseCaspian (esifundeni i-Astrakhan neKalmykia eRussia, e-Azerbaijan) kutholakala nasezindunduma ezingagxiliwe ezintabeni nasezintabeni ezomile ezinamagquma. Abantu abangashadile abanamathuba amaningi okufuduka bangandiza bangene ezikhungweni ezinkulu zasedolobheni.
Izitshalo zokudla
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zesambulela, ikakhulukazi, ezi-hogweed (IHeraclium), isaqathe (Daucus) - Kokubili futhi kujwayelekile, dill (Anethum), iparsley (Petroselinum), angelica (Angelica), butene (I-Chaerophyllum), gorinik (I-peeduanum), ama-prangos (Ama-prangos), fennel (Foeniculum), umsiki (I-Libanotis), gircha (ISelinum), gyrnovitsa (Thyselium), isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi (I-Apium), imbewu ye-caraway (I-Carum), ithanga (Pimpinella), umsiki (I-Falcaria) Kwezinye izifunda, kukhona abamele izimpande: umlotha we-fluffy (Dictamnus dasycarpus), Amur velvet (I-Phellodendron amurensis), izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaqabungaIHaplophillum), Asteraceae: umhlonyane (I-Artemisia) (emaqeleni nasezinkangala zaseCentral Asia), iBirch: alder Maksimovich (I-Alnus maximowiczii), I-alder yaseJapan (A. japonica) (eyokugcina esiqhingini saseNingizimu Kuril).
Izaziso Zokuphepha
Kubhalwe ohlwini lwezincwadi ezibomvu zase-Ukraine (1994), eRussia - encwadini ebomvu yesiFunda saseMoscow (1998) - isigaba esingu-3, iSmolensk Region - isigaba 2, isigaba seVologda (2006) - isigaba esingu-3, iLatvia (1998) - isigaba se-2, Lithuania - 3 isigaba, iJalimane - isigaba 4, uKarelia - isigaba 3, Ezigabeni zokuqala, kuba sengozini enkulu yemililo (ikakhulukazi utshani), ukugunda okuqhubekayo, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamadlelo, ukunyathelwa kwamamayitra.
