I-Rhino - I-Armored Colossus * Omama

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I-Rhinos (Rhinocerotidae) inkulu, imvamisa iyodwa, i-herbivores.

Bahlala e-Afrika (obhejane abamnyama nobhejane omhlophe) kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (Indian, Javanese, Sumatran). Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe utshani, iziqu zezitshalo, amagatsha zezihlahla ezivame kakhulu.

Ubhejane uyisilwane esinomzimba ophethwe.

AbakwaRhinos bathanda ukuhlala endaweni engaphansi eminyene e-savannah isikhathi eside. Lapho kushisa, bangena esihlahleni noma balale emthunzini. Hlala njalo eduze kwemifula namaxhaphozi, ngoba athanda ukugoba odakeni. Ukugeza okunjalo kusiza ekugwemeni ukweqisa komzimba wazo onamandla futhi kuvikela nesikhumba ezinambuzaneni.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi obhejane abamnyama ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa bangashesha ukuya ku-50 km / h.

Obhejane basebenza kuphela ekuseni nasekuseni kusihlwa. Ziselula ngokumangazayo ezilwaneni ezinkulu kangako, ezingashintsha ngokushesha ukuqondiswa. Abobhejane abanamehlo abuthaka kakhulu, kepha imvelo inxephezelwa kulokhu kushoda ngokuzwa okuhle kanye nokunuka okuhle. Le mizwa isiza lezi zilwanyana ezinkulu ukuba zibone usongo ngesikhathi ukuze zigweme ukuhlangana okungafuneki. Umzimba umbozwe isikhumba obukhulu kakhulu, kwezinye izinhlobo ukubukeka kwezikhali.

Ubhejane wase-Afrika

Isici esibonakalayo ekubonakaleni kwalezi zilwane uphondo olungaphambi kwesigebhezi. Ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, obhejane abamnyama, banezimpondo ezimbili, enye yazo ekhaleni, ngaphezulu. Kwakungenxa yezimpondo ukuthi obhejane abamnyama basezandleni zokuqothulwa, ngoba imvamisa iyizinto zabazingeli abazingelayo. Emazweni ama-Arabhu, izimpondo zalezi zilwane zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izibambo zensangu. Abuye asetshenziswe kwezokwelapha zakwamanye amazwe ekwenziweni kwemithi ehlukahlukene.

Ngabe uyazi ukuthi obhejane ...

Ubhejane omnyama ekuhlaselweni, ungafinyelela isivinini esingama-50 km / h.
Ngenkathi ubhejane uthatha ubhavu wodaka, izimfudu zidla izimuncagazi esikhunjeni saso.
Esikhathini semvula, lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukuwela amabanga amakhulu kunalokho. Esikhathini sesomiso, asuki emgodini wokunisela ngaphezu kwe-25 km.
Uhlobo olulodwa (obhejane obumnyama) luhlala emahlathini asezintabeni noma endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2700. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo, akhuphuka emthambekeni ngokuzedlula okukhulu.
Ubhejane omhlophe ungummeleli omkhulu wobhejane. Uphondo lwayo olukhulu lungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-1.5 m ubude.

Ubhejane omhlophe

Ubhejane omhlophe:

Uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke lwezinhlobo zobhejane ezihlala emhlabeni njengamanje. Futhi kungenye yezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu zomhlaba. Kungaphezu kwendlovu nje.
Obhejane abamhlophe abanolaka kakhulu kunobhejane abamnyama.
Ukuphakama kubuna: 150-185 cm.
Ubude bomzimba 330-420 cm.
Isisindo: 1500-2000 kg (insikazi), 2000-2500 kg (abesilisa). Enye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezisindayo ingama-3600 kg.
Ubude Bomsila: 75 cm.
Isikhathi sokuphila: iminyaka engama-40.
Ijubane eliphakathi nendawo: kufika ku-45 km / h.

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Ukubukeka

kunalokho izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu, isisindo sazo esingafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-3600. Ubhejane omnyama oyisilwane esinamandla, ongamamitha ayi-3,2 ubude, amasentimitha ayi-150 ukuphakama. Ubuso besilwane buvame ukuhlotshiswa ngezimpondo ezi-2, noma kunjalo, kunezindawo e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi eZambia, lapho ungahlangana nobhejane balesi sidalwa ngezimpondo ezintathu noma ezi-5. Uphondo lukabhejane omnyama luyindilinga esigabeni sesiphambano (ukuqhathanisa, obhejane abamhlophe banophondo lwe-trapezoidal). Uphondo lwangaphambili lobhejane lukhulu kunawo wonke, ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha angama-60.

Umbala wobhejane omnyama wengxenye enkulu kuya ngombala wenhlabathi lapho isilwane sihlala khona. Njengoba wazi, obhejane bayakuthanda ukuzamazama njengothuli nothuli. Lapho-ke obhejane bokuqala umbala ompunga okhanyayo uthatha umthunzi ohlukile bese ubomvu bese umhlophe. Futhi kulezo zindawo lapho i-lava eqinisekisiwe, isikhumba sobhejane siba mnyama. Ngaphandle, obhejane abamnyama bahlukile kokumhlophe ngokubukeka komlomo ophezulu. Ubhejane omnyama unesindebe esingaphezulu esicijile, esilengela ngaphezulu komlomo ophezu kwesikhumba. Ngakho-ke kulula ukuthi isilwane sithathe amahlamvu esihlahleni kanye namahlumela besebenzisa lo mlomo.

Habitat

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inani elikhulu lobhejane abamnyama labonakala eMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika, beyimbalwa kakhulu enkabeni yeNingizimu Afrika. Ngeshwa, kungekudala abazingeli abazingeli bazibhubhisa lezi zilwane, ngakho-ke bathola ubunzima obufanayo nezilwane eziningi zase-Afrika - obhejane abamnyama bazinza emapaki ezwe .

Ubhejane omnyama isilwane esidla imifino. Ihlala ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona indawo eyomile, kungaba yi-acacia, ama-shrub savannas, amahlathi anqabile noma ama-strpes avulekile. Obhejane abamnyama bangatholakala endaweni eyihlane, kodwa kuyaqabukela. Isilwane asithandi ukungena emahlathini ashisayo, anomswakama waseNtshonalanga Afrika naseCongo Basin. Futhi konke ngoba obhejane abakwazi ukubhukuda, kunzima ukunqoba izithiyo zamanzi ezincane kakhulu.

Umsoco

Bangaphezu kwamakhulu amabili Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu zezitshalo zomhlaba zakha ukudla kobhejane omnyama. Lesi silwane se-herbivore sihlatshwa umxhwele yi-aloe, i-agave-sanseviera, i-euphorbia ebunjiwe nge-candelab, enejusi le-caustic ne-sticky. AbakwaRhinoceros ngeke bazidele amakhabe, kanye nezitshalo eziqhakazayo, uma ngokuzuma enethuba elinjalo.

Ubhejane omnyama Futhi ngeke anikele ngezithelo azihlwitha uqobo, aziconge azithumele emlonyeni wakhe. Uma kunesidingo, isilwane singancina utshani. Abaphenyi baqaphele ukuthi la makhambi adla inyama yasendle. Ngale ndlela, obhejane abamnyama bazama ukungezelela ukudla kwabo ngosawoti wamaminerali nezinto zokulandela umkhondo, ezingatholakali ngenani elincane kudoti. Ubhejane ufunga kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwazi ukubuyisela umzimba wawo ngomswakama, isilwane sidinga ukuphuza amanzi amaningi. Ukuze ngandlela thile ahlawulele ngokusweleka kwamanzi, uma kungenamachibi aseduze, udla izihlahla ezinameva.

Ukuzala

Kubhejane abamnyama kwenzeka njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 . Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi uqobo ilandela owesilisa. Isikhathi sokuqala ngowesifazane ukuqala ukubamba iqhaza ngokuzalanisa kwenzeka lapho eseneminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala. Kobhejane omnyama wesilisa, isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngineminyaka eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalolunye. Rhino cub uzalwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-16.5 . Kuzalwa usana olune-pinkish, nakho konke ukuphuma kwalo namagobongo. Noma kunjalo, uphondo alukabi nayo. IRhini ihlala isilinganiso seminyaka engama-70.

Ubhejane omnyama (lat. Diceros bicornis ) "omnyama" njengommeleli wesibili womndeni - - empeleni, akukho "mhlophe" ngokuphelele. Umbala wesikhumba sobhejane empeleni uya ngemibala yenhlabathi okuhlala kuyo enye noma enye inhlobo. Yikho nje ukuthi laba bantu abakhulu bathandana nokugcwala odakeni nasothulini, futhi isikhumba sabo esimpunga siba umbala ofana nalolu luthuli: mnyama - ezindaweni ezinamabala aqine, amhlophe noma abomvu - kunhlabathi ebumba.

Obhejane abamnyama abekho bakhulu njengabamhlophe, noma kunjalo, bangaziqhayisa nangezici ezihlaba umxhwele: isisindo sabantu abadala sifinyelela kumathani ayi-2-2,5 ngobude bomzimba obungu-3.15 m nokuphakama kwamahlombe okufika ku-1,6 m. Imizimba yabo iphakeme futhi konke kubukeka kulula kakhulu kunobhejane omhlophe, nokho lokhu kungumbono odukisayo. Izimpondo ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu zitholakala ekhanda, umphambili wazo mkhulu kunazo zonke. Njengomthetho, ubude bawo bungama-40-60 cm, nokho, obhejane abansundu abamnyama, uGerty, owayegqoke uphondo lwamasentimitha ayi-138, wayehlala eKenya isikhashana.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kobhejane omnyama yisindebe sayo esingenhla esicijile, esibambeke ngaphezulu phansi ngesimo se-phenoscis. Ngosizo lwayo, lesi silwane sikhipha izinyembezi kanye namahlumela amasha avela ezihlahleni, singanaki ngokuphelele ameva abukhali nojusi we-caustic wesitshalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lobhejane, noma ngabe lusendaweni evulekile, ngokuqinisekile luzitholela isihlahla uqobo, alusabeli otheni ngaphansi kwezinyawo zalo.

Obhejane abamnyama bakhetha izindawo ezomile. Akazi neze ukubhukuda, ngakho-ke nomfula omncane uphenduka umgoqo wakhe ongenakunqotshwa. Kepha ugijima ngokushesha okukhulu futhi amabanga amafushane uyakwazi ukushesha okungama-48 km / h. Lapho ehamba, maningi amathuba okuthi athembe umqondo wephunga kunombono nokuzwa, okuyinto ayithuthukisile kahle.

Isimo sobhejane abamnyama, ngokungananazi, akusoshukela. Kunezimo lapho "bexabana" nomakhelwane babo bendlovu, abafuni ukunika abanye indlela noma indawo emgodini wokuchelela. Kwesinye isikhathi bekuze kube nokulwa, okuyinto obhejane balahle bese efa. Okufanele ukwenze - imigomo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Lapho uhlangana nomuntu, obhejane abamnyama kungenzeka bahlasele, ngokungafani nobhejane omhlophe, okhetha ukucasha endaweni eyingozi. Njengoba obhejane begijima ngokushesha, ungasindiswa kuphela uma ugxumela ohlangothini ngesikhathi: ikholossi enkulu enjalo idinga isikhathi sokuphendula futhi iguqukele kolunye uhlangothi.

Obhejane abamnyama bahlala ezindaweni ezivikelwe kuphela: eziqiwini zikazwelonke zeTanzania, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia neZimbabwe. Isibalo sabo namuhla silinganiselwa ezinhlosweni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5, yize bekuyiminyaka eyikhulu kuphela eyedlule. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu imfashini eyihlazo yophondo lukabhejane, olusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zendabuko zaseChina. Ngokwemvelo, izimpondo zithengiswa emakethe emnyama. Ngenxa yokuzingela, obhejane abamnyama baqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ngenhlanhla, bonke abanye basengozini.

Ubhejane omnyama (i-lat. Diceros dicornis) isilwane esikhulu esilinganayo esivela emndenini weRhinoceros (lat. Rhinocerotidae) Okhokho baso bavela e-Afrika eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-17 eyedlule.

Ngokuphikisana nenganekwane ethandwayo, lezi zimidondoshiya azinacala legazi futhi zinolaka, kodwa kunalokho ziyizidalwa ezingamagwala. Ngenxa yokungaboni kahle, bathembela kakhulu ekuzweni kwabo futhi, ngomsindo osolisayo omncane, bazama ukucasha endaweni ephephile.

Imvamisa, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, bathola ukucatshangelwa okuzwakalayo, bese bephuthuma kulokhu kuhlaselwa futhi bangalimala ngempela obulimele ngophondo lwabo olukhulu.

Ubhejane nabantu

Phambilini, imihlambi emikhulu yobhejane abamnyama icishe yacekeleka phansi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezimpondo zayo ekwelashweni lwasempumalanga njengethoni enamandla. EMpumalanga, imikhiqizo evela uphondo lwayo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Isibonelo, eY Yemen, isimo senhlalo phakathi kwezizwe eziningi sinqunywa ngokuba khona kwensangu eyenziwe kuyo. Eqinisweni lethu, lokhu kufana nokuthola idiploma yemfundo ephakeme, ngakho izakhamizi zakule ndawo ezilangazelela ukungagcini imali yokuthola isifundo esidingeka kakhulu empilweni yomphakathi.

Lesi silwane sibizwa ngokuthi obhejane abamnyama ngokungazwisisi, ngoba umlingani waso omkhulu umhlophe.

Kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezikhumba, isikhumba asikaze simhlophe noma simnyama, kodwa kunalokho sibe mpunga ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, abafuduki baseDashi babiza obhejane elimhlophe, okusho ukuthi "ububanzi."

Ososayensi bekhabhathi abangamaNgisi ababengasazi isiBhunu bathatha isinqumo sokuthi i-wijd ilingana ne-English white - "white". Ngakho-ke ekuqaleni kwekhabethe kuthulekile obhejane abamhlophe, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, umcabangi weqanda ongaziwa wenza i-zoology ejabulisayo kanye nokuvela kobhejane omnyama ukuze ahlukaniswe nomhlophe omkhulu. Lokhu kungenangqondo ekugcineni kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi cishe kuzo zonke izilimi zesimanje.

Esikhathini esedlule, obhejane abamnyama babehlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zezwekazi lase-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara, ngaphandle kwamahlathi ashisayo eCongo Basin. Manje abantu abahlala bodwa bagcinwa kuphela emapaki ezwe nakwindawo ezigcinwe kuzo.

Indawo yemvelo yalezi zilwane isihlahla - umngcele wamahlathi omanzi aswakeme kanye nama-savannah anotshani agqunywe ngamahlahla enameva.

Ukuziphatha

Abamele lolu hlobo baphila impilo bebodwa. Isilwane ngasinye sinendawo yaso yasekhaya ebheke imbobo yokunisela. Eduzane nomgodi owodwa wokunisela, kwakhiwa imikhosi yobhejane eyingqayizivele, amalungu awo akhombana ngokuhogela futhi angakhombisi ulaka ezihlotsheni zawo.

Umndeni un "amadlelo omphakathi" anendawo efinyelela kumamitha-skwele angama-80. km, lapho ngezikhathi ezithile zidla ngokuthula. Imidondoshiya imaka kakhulu indawo yendawo yayo yasekuqaleni ngamathumbu ayo futhi izama ukuyivikela kunoma yikuphi ukungeneka.

Cishe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-200 ezahlukahlukene zifakiwe engxenyeni ye-equidae.

Ngokuzithandela kakhulu badla i-euphorbia, i-aloe kanye namakhabe asendle. Ukuhlonipha okukhulu kuthokozelwa amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha kanye namagatsha acacia prickly. I-glossoscis elindayo esiswini esingaphezulu isiza izilwane ezincelisayo ukukha amaqabunga emagatsheni esihlahla.

Emini, obhejane udla isisindo esiluhlaza ngesilinganiso esilingana cishe ne-2% yesisindo saso. Isikhumba esiqinile esishubile sikuvumela ukuthi ungawanaki ameva asethangeni amakhulu. Isilwane kufanele sidakwe okungenani kanye ngosuku.

Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nabamele ezinye imindeni, obhejane abamnyama bavame ukukhombisa ukufutheka okwandayo futhi bahlasele noma ngubani oye weqa imingcele yabo, eba nesivinini esingafika ku-50 km / h ngesikhathi sokuhlasela.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bufinyelela ku-3-4 m, nokuphakama kokubuna - 1,4-1.6 m. Isisindo sisuka ku-1,9 kuye ku-1,6 amathani. Ubude bomsila bucishe bube yi-0.7 m.

Umzimba upendiwe ngombala onsomi grey. Isikhumba esinsundu simbozwe ungqimba lwe-epidermis ebucayi.

Ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu lithambekele emhlabathini. Ekhanda kukhona izimpondo ezi-2. Uphondo olukhulu lwangaphambili lunobude obungaba ngu-80 cm, kanti uphondo lwangemuva lufika ku-40 cm. Izindlebe ezinkulu zeselula zifana nezikhwama ezihlanganisiwe. Amehlo mancane futhi afihlwe emphethweni wesikhumba ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Esiqongweni sesifumbu kukhona emakhaleni ebanzi. Lapho uhamba, lesi silwane sishiya iminwe emi-3 sigqoke izinselo.

Isifiso sokuphila kobhejane abamnyama endle yiminyaka engama-40-50.

I-Rhinoceros - ingesinye sezilwane zase-Afrika ezingokomfanekiso, uhlobo lokuvakasha kwamakhadi "amazwekazi amnyama", ngaphandle kwesizathu ifakiwe "kwi-Big African emihlanu" kanye ne-buffalo, ibhubesi nengwe, zona kanye izilwane ezinhlanu ezaziyizindondo ezihlonishwayo kakhulu zokuzingela uhambo. Futhi obhejane awumboni kahle amehlo, kodwa njengoba besho, ngobukhulu bawo namandla, lokhu akusaseyona inkinga yakhe.

I-Rhinoceros: incazelo, isakhiwo, izici. Ngabe ubukeka kanjani obhejane?

Igama lesiLatini lobhejane - Rhinocerotidae, empeleni lifana nelethu, ngoba elithi "Rhino" lisho ukuthi "impumulo", kanye no "ceros" kuphakama igama elithi "obhejane", leli gama libonisa kahle lesi silo, ngoba uphondo olukhulu ekhaleni ithambo lamakhala liyimfanelo ebalulekile yazo zonke izinhlobo zobhejane abahloniphekayo (yize kungenjalo okuhle).

Futhi obhejane, izwe elikhulu kunazo zonke ezincelisayo ngemuva kwendlovu - ubude bokubhejiswa busuka kumamitha amabili kuya kwayi-5, ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-1-3 nesisindo samathani ayi-1 kuye kwayi-3.6.

Imibala yobhejane incike ezinhlotsheni zabo, empeleni ekuqaleni kubukeka sengathi amagama ezinhlobo zobhejane aqhamuka ngemibala yawo uqobo: obhejane abamhlophe, obhejane abamnyama. Kepha akuyona yonke into esobala futhi elula, iqiniso ukuthi umbala weqiniso wesikhumba, omhlophe nobumnyama obhejane, uyafana - ngmpunga onsundu, kepha ngoba lezi zinhlobo zobhejane zithanda ukuzwakala emhlabeni ngemibala ehlukene, ezifaka imibala imibala ehlukene, futhi amagama abo ahamba.

Ikhanda lobhejane lide futhi lincane, nebunzi lincishiswe ngokuqinile. Phakathi kwamathambo emakhaleni nebunzi kunendawo eshintshashintshayo, ecishe ifane nesihlalo sesifuba. Amehlo amancane obhejane anabafundi ansundu noma amnyama ngosayizi wawo abukeka ehluka kakhulu ngokubhekisele emuva kwekhanda lawo elikhulu. Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, izinto azibalulekile ngombono wobhejane, bangabona kuphela izinto ezinyakazayo zikude ngebanga elingamamitha ayi-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqiniso lokuthi amehlo abo asezinhlangothini alibaniki ithuba lokuhlola kahle into eyodwa noma enye; bayibona kuqala ngamehlo abo, bese beyilandela neyesibili.

Kepha iphunga lobhejane ngokungafani nalo lakhiwa kahle, futhi abathembele kakhulu kubo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umthamo we-noseal cavity ku-obhejane mkhulu kunenani lobuchopho babo.Ukulalelwa kukhuliswe kahle phakathi kwalezi ziphulu; izindlebe zobhejane ziyafana namashubhu ahlala ezijikeleza, ebamba ngisho nemisindo ewutshwayi.

Izindebe zobhejane ziqondile futhi ziyaqina, ngaphandle kobhejane baseNdiya nabamnyama, abanezindebe eziphansi ezingahambeki. Futhi, wonke obhejane ohlelweni lwamazinyo anama-molars ayi-7, asulwa kakhulu ngeminyaka, obhejane base-Eshiya, ngaphezu kwamazinyo, kunezifiso ezingekho emikhondweni yase-Afrika.

Zonke obhejane banesikhumba esikhulu, cishe esingenawo noboya ngokuphelele. Okuhlukile lapha ngobhejane besimanje baseSumatran, isikhumba sabo simboziwe ngezinsundu ezinsundu kanye nobhejane obovu owake bahlala ezinhlamvini zethu, okuthi, kanye nesilwane esibomvu njengo-mama, ngeshwa, asikaze sisinde ezikhathini zethu.

Imilenze yobhejane isindayo futhi inkulu, kunezinselo ezintathu onyaweni ngalunye, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuqaphela kusuka kumkhondo wobhejane lapho ahamba khona la makhulu.

Uphondo lukabhejane

Uphondo lobhejane liyikhadi layo lokushaya futhi kufanele lishiwo lodwa. Ngakho-ke, kuye ngohlobo lobhejane ekhaleni, kungakhula izimpondo zombili kanye nezimbili, uphondo lwesibili lusondele eduze kwekhanda ngosayizi omncane. Izimpondo zeRhinoceros zakhiwe ngamaprotheni e-kerotene, ngendlela, izinwele nezinzipho kubantu, inalithi ezinkulwaneni, izimpaphe kwizinyoni, negobolondo le-armadillo liqukethe iprotheni efanayo. Abaphikisi abavela ku-genermis yesikhumba sobhejane bayakhula.

Kumabhejane amancane, lapho alimala, izimpondo ziyabuyiselwa, ezindala, azisekho. Ngokuvamile, yonke imisebenzi yophondo lukabhejane ayikafundwa ngokuphelele ngabasebenza ngezilwane, kepha ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi baqaphele iqiniso elinjalo - uma uphondo lususwa kubhejane besifazane, lapho-ke luzoyeka ukuyithanda inzalo yalo.

Umnikazi wophondo olude kakhulu ubhejane omhlophe, ufinyelela ku-158 cm ubude.

Indlela yokuphila

Izilwane eziningi ezinamacembe amnyama zihlala ezindaweni ezinomhlaba owomile, futhi azishiyi kulezi zindawo ngisho nangezikhathi zesomiso esibi kakhulu. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zinamathele ngokuqinile endaweni lapho zihlala khona. , futhi, njengomthetho, ungamshiyi impilo yakhe yonke. Kepha kukhona obhejane abazulazulayo, bafuna amanzi nokudla. Obhejane abamnyama bayizilwane ezihlala zodwa; izinsikazi nabesilisa bahlala ngokwehlukana. Amacuba ahlala nowesifazane isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi inzalo yabesifazane. Lapho obhejane abamnyama benza ibanga lokuhamba, owesimame ulandela inzalo yakhe, bese kuthi omhlophe alandele okuphambene. Kwesinye isikhathi ungahlangana namaqembu amancane, afaka phakathi abantu abangaphezulu kweshumi nambili. Abesifazane abangenawo amawundlu bajoyina emaqenjini.

Lezi zilwane zidla ngezitshalo. - zonke izinhlobo zamahlumela amasha, izithelo zikabhontshisi, amagatsha ameva. Ukudla ukudla okunje, abakuboni ukuqina kwaso, iziqubu ezibukhali kanye nojusi wazo we-caustic. Isitsha sabo abasithandayo yi-acacia. Ukudla, izilwane zithola ngosizo lomlomo ongaphezulu, okuthi kusakhiwo sazo kuhanjwe.

Lawa ma-acids anamehlo ampofu kakhulu, awakwazi ukubona isihlahla noma umuntu okude ngamamitha angamashumi amahlanu, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho uhlangana nobhejane, udinga ukufriza futhi ungathuthi. Kepha banokuzwa okuhle nomqondo wokuphunga owakhiwe kahle, ngenxa yalokhu izilwane zithambekele kahle endaweni. Naphezu kwesisindo sabo esindayo, bona ungagijima kakhulu , kuthuthukiswa isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-48 ngehora. Abazi ukuthi bazinqobe kanjani izithiyo nokubhukuda. Lezi zilwane ezinhle kakhulu zinokuthula. Imvamisa ungabezwa bekhala, kepha lapho belimala noma besaba benza imisindo enkulu ebukeka sengathi ikhwela.

Naphezu kokuhlalisana kahle, izilwane zinolaka kakhulu futhi zingahlasela noma yini enyakazayo. Lezi zilwane ezinophondo azesabi ezinye izakhamizi ezifuywayo futhi zize zizidedele zona, kepha izilwane ezifika ngendlela yobhejane zingathinteka kakhulu, ngoba obhejane othukuthele uyingozi impela. Phakathi kwabesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi kungaba nokuncintisana kowesifazane noma owensimu. Kepha abesifazane nabesilisa bavame ukulwa. Futhi, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinyamazane, amadube nezimbungulu, zihlala ngokuthula. Lapho izilwane ziya endaweni yokunisela futhi obhejane ungafuni ukuhambisa indlovu, kuba nokulwa futhi indlovu ivame ukuwina. Umbangi oyinhloko wobhejane omnyama yindlovu .

Izitha ezishisekayo ze-equid zing amabhubesi, izingwenya zaseNayile nama-hyenas. Kepha ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezindala akuvamile kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi lapho obhejane ugaxela odakeni, bese kuba lula ukubuthana. Kakhulu izitha zihlasela amawundlu. Abantu futhi bayizitha zalezi zilwane, njengoba zivame ukuzingela. ukuthola trophes. Isilinganiso sobomi bobhejane cishe siyiminyaka engamashumi amane.

Ungakanani obhejane

Isikhathi sokuphila kobhejane sisekude kakhulu, ngoba obhejane base-Afrika endle baphila ngeminyaka engu-30 kuye kwengama-40, kuthi ezindaweni ezilandiswayo zohlobo lwempilo baphile iminyaka engama-50. Kepha abakhulu beminyaka enkulu phakathi kobhejane kukhona obhejane baseNdiya naseJavanese, abangahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-70, abacishe bafane nempilo yomuntu.

Umlingiswa wobhejane nendlela yokuphila

Isimo sobhejane siyimpikiswano. Ngokuphazima kweso uthule bese ezola, bese ethukuthela ngokuzumayo futhi abe nobudlova. Ngokunokwenzeka, usayizi omkhulu, ukwesaba okukhuthazayo, nohlobo lwe-myopia kwenza sikwazi ukuzizwa siphephe ngokuphelele.

Eqinisweni, ezilwaneni ze-savannah, ngaphandle kwabantu, izitha zingabalwa ngeminwe - futhi ngezinye izikhathi zithukuthele. Amahlosi, nokho, akayona ingozi kumuntu omdala, kepha akakuthandi ukudla inyama yobhejane. Ngakho-ke, ihlosi, lapho kufika isikhathi esifanele, lizama ukudonsa inzalo encane isuka phansi kwakhala likanina.

Umuntu uyisitha esibi kakhulu sobhejane. Isizathu sokuqothulwa kwezilwane silele ezimpondweni zazo, ezinentengo ephezulu emibuthanweni ethile. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi uphondo lwesilwane lungaletha inhlanhla futhi lunikeze umniniyo ukungafi. Abaphilisi be-Folk basebenzise izakhiwo ezihlukile zalezi zinqubo ezi-horny komunye umuthi.

Sengikuqedile ukudweba, ake ngiqhubeke ngichaze enye indlela yokuphila kabhejane. Ngakho-ke, isilwane singamuzwa umuntu, ngenxa yomqondo othuthukile wephunga elikude kwamamitha angama-30 nangaphezulu kwamamitha.

Lapho nje isilwane sizwa ingozi, ngeke silinde umhlangano nesitha, kepha sizophuthuma kulolu suku, okuyinto, ngokuvamile, alunangqondo futhi silalela imithetho yokuzilonda. URhino uyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha.

Ijubane layo likhulu kakhulu kunelompetha wama-Olimpiki futhi ingama-30 km / h. Ososayensi babuye babala ijubane lobhejane eligijimayo uma selithukuthele futhi bathi lingahamba ngomkhumbi - 50 km / h. Vuma, umxhwele!

Obhejane babhukuda njengoba futhi begijima. Kodwa-ke, obhejane ujabulele indlela yokuphila engabekezeleleki futhi yingakho echitha iningi lempilo yakhe emachibini, egcwele odakeni ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga emfudumele yelanga. Kuliqiniso, inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi ezilwaneni libonwa ebusuku. Amaphupho obhejane abukelwa elele, izimbambo zawo zingcwatshwe odakeni bese zigobisa zonke izitho ngaphansi kwazo.

Izilwane zomhlambi Ubhejane wase-Asia kungaba yiphutha ukubiza, ngoba ukhetha ukuphila impilo enesizungu. Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu bahlangana nezilwane ezimbili noma ezintathu egumbini, kepha iningi ngumama namawundlu. Kepha izihlobo zase-Afrika ziyahlangana ngamaqembu amancane, zisuka kwabathathu ziye kwabangu-15.

Imingcele yokubanjwa kobhejane imakwe ngomchamo noma imakwe ngodoti. Kuliqiniso, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi inqwaba yedoti ayizimpawu zomngcele, kepha uhlobo oluthile lwedatha eyisithenjwa. Ubhejane odlulayo ushiya umlandeli wakhe ngezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi isihlobo sithuthelaphi futhi sivela kuphi.

Umhlaba wezilwane, lapho kuhlala obhejane luhluke kakhulu, kepha lesi silwane asithinti omakhelwane baso, futhi phakathi kwezinyoni sinabangane baso. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, okungezilwane ezinenkanyezi, kuhlala kuseduze kwalesi silwane esinamandla.

Sonke isikhathi bagxumela emzimbeni wobhejane futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi bese bezibamba iqhaza lokuthi bayakhipha emikhawulweni yemikhaza enegazi. Mhlawumbe lapho ziphumelela, kuba nobuhlungu obungathandeki, ngoba isilwane siyagxumagxuma bese siqala ukudonsa umoya, bese sithi ukuthula bese sibuyele emuva esigangeni.

Ubunzima kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinkinga zezinhlobo

Cishe maphakathi nekhulu le-19, obhejane abamnyama kwakuyilowo owayehlala kakhulu e-savannah yase-Afrika. Obhejane batholakala esifundeni esikhulu seCentral, East kanye neNingizimu Afrika. Ngeshwa, abaphunyukanga emgomeni ojwayelekile wazo zonke izilwane ezinkulu zase-Afrika, futhi manje seziye zagcinwa cishe emapaki ezwe lonke, yize ngokuvamile ukucushwa kobubanzi kuhlale kucishe kungashintshiwe (ngaphandle kokuthi iqiniso lokuthi baqothulwe ngokuphelele eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa emashumini eminyaka amuva nje babuyile lapho ingeniswe futhi yakha isibalo esizinzile).

Inani eliphelele lobhejane abamnyama manje liyizilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5 (ngonyaka ka-1967, zisuka ku-11,000 ziye ku-13 500 zalezi zilwane ezihlala kuzwekazi lonke lase-Afrika, zaze zafika ezi-4 000 eTanzania kuphela). Iningi lobhejane bahlala ezindaweni ezivikelwe eTanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique naseNingizimu Afrika. Kutholakala e-Angola, eCameroon naseCentral African Republic. Ngaphandle kokulondolozwa, ukusinda kobhejane kuyinkinga, okokuqala, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimo zokuhlala, futhi okwesibili ngenxa yokuzingela. Izinkinga zomphakathi ezikhona emazweni aseNtshonalanga Afrika kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lobhejane lapho - ukuzingela kwesinye isikhathi kuhlala kuyindlela okuyiyo yodwa imali, futhi umbuso uyehluleka ukuthola izindlela zezemvelo.

Eminyakeni eyishumi nanye edlule, inani lobhejane abamnyama lihlala ligxilile impela, kepha ezinye izakhamuzi ziphansi ngokuguquguquka okuqinile. Uma eNingizimu Afrika bekukhona obhejane abamnyama kakhulu, khona-ke enye yezinsizakalo ezazihlala eNtshonalanga Afrika (iDiceros bicornis longipes) yaqashelwa njengeqothulayo. Lesi siphetho senziwe ngokusemthethweni yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ngesisekelo sedatha etholakalayo kulezi zilwane. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi iqhaza elikhulu ekunyamalaleni kobhejane abamnyama lidlalwa ngabazingeli abazingela izimpondo zezilwane ezibalulekile.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

Izinkomba ezine zobhejane abamnyama zivame ukwahlukaniswa:

D. bicornis omncane yiyona mikhakha eminingi ebhalisiwe engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yebanga (iTanzania, iZambia, iMozambiki, iNingizimu Afrika esenyakatho-mpumalanga).
D. bicornis bicornis - i-subspecies ejwayelekile enamathele ezindaweni ezomile eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasempumalanga yobubanzi (Namibia, South Africa, Angola).
D. bicornis michaeli - enye imixhaso engasempumalanga, manje etholakala cishe kuphela eTanzania.
D. ubude be-bicornis - Izakhiwo ezingaphansi kweCameroon, eziqashelwa ukuqothuka kusukela ngo-2011.

Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila

Ubhejane omnyama uyisakhamuzi sezindawo ezomile, kungaba ngamahlathi aqhekekile, ama-shrubby ne-acacia savannas, noma ama-steppes avulekile. Ngesinye isikhathi, itholakala ngisho nasendaweni eyihlane. Kodwa-ke, ayingene emahlathini ashisayo omhlaba weCongo Basin naseNtshonalanga Afrika. Ezintabeni zase-East Africa, itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2700 ngaphezu kolwandle. Lokhu obhejane cishe abazi ukuthi ukubhukuda kanjani (ngokungafani nobhejane base-Eshiya), futhi nemigoqo emincane esevele ingavinjelwa ukuthi ingabanjiswa. Ukunamathiswa kobhejane engxenyeni ethile yensimu engashiyi kuyo yonke impilo yakhe kuyaziwa. Ngisho nesomiso esinzima asiphoqi ukuthi obhejane basuke. Kodwa-ke, yize iqiniso ukuthi iningi lobhejane abamnyama bahlala phansi impela, abanye babo basaqhubeka nokuphila okuphambukayo.

Ubhejane onsundu udla ikakhulukazi amahlumela amasha wezihlahla zokucwilisa, okuthi, njengomunwe, kubambe umlomo ongaphezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane azinaki ameva abukhali noma ujusi we-caustic. Ngisho nasemathafeni avulekile, akhetha ukuthola izihlahlana ezincane ezikhishwe nezimpande. Obhejane abamnyama badla ekuseni nakusihlwa, futhi imvamisa bachitha amahora ashubisa ukushisa uhhafu, bemi emthunzini wesihlahla. Obhejane balala ebusuku amahora angama-8-9, begoba imilenze yabo ngaphansi kwabo futhi bephumula amakhanda abo phansi, isikhathi esiningi isilwane silala ngasohlangothini lwaso, silule imilenze yaso. Nsuku zonke baya endaweni yokunisela, kwesinye isikhathi ibanga elingama-8-10 km, bese begibela isikhathi eside ku-silt osogwini. Kunezimo lapho obhejane bethwalwa kakhulu ngamabhathi odaka kangangokuba bangabe besakwazi ukuphuma ku-viscous silt futhi baba yisisulu semifino. Ngokwesomiso, obhejane bavame ukusebenzisa imigodi eyembiwa yindlovu ukunisela. Obhejane abamnyama baphila impilo bebodwa. Imibhangqwana ejwayelekile ivame ukuba nomama nethole. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nobhejane base-Eshiya, abantu base-Afrika abanaso isiza esizimele futhi abavikele imingcele yabo ezinhlotsheni zabo. Izinqwaba ezinkulu zemfucumfucu, ebikade ivezwa ngenani “lezikhala zemingcele”, kungenzeka ibhekwe njengohlobo lwe- “bureaus information”, lapho obhejane odlulayo ethola khona imininingwane ngabandulelayo. Umbono wobhejane omnyama ubuthakathaka kakhulu. Noma ibanga elingamamitha angama-40-50, akakwazi ukwahlukanisa umuntu nesiqu sesihlahla. Ukuzwa kukhula kangcono kakhulu, kepha indima eyinhloko yokuqaphela umhlaba wangaphandle idlalwa umuzwa wokuhogela. Ngisho nasendaweni evulekile yengane elahlekile, umama uphenya emikhondweni yakhe. Uma kungekho moya, obhejane kungenzeka, ngenxa yelukuluku, basondele kulowo muntu, kodwa ngokushaywa kokwehla okwanele ukuqaphela ingozi bese bebaleka noma baqhubeke nokuhlasela. Lezi obhejane zigijima ngokushesha, nge-trot esindayo noma i-gallop clumsy, ikhula amabanga amafushane ijubane elifika ku-48 km / h.

Obhejane abamnyama cishe abakaze babe nolaka maqondana nezihlobo zabo. Uma obhejane besayiqala impi, khona-ke akukho ukulimala okungathi sína, amasosha ahamba enamanxeba akhanyayo emahlombe. Imvamisa, owesilisa akahluphi owesilisa njengasezinyameni namanye ama-artiodactyls, kepha owesifazana uhlasela owesilisa. Kepha obhejane abamnyama banolaka kakhulu kunabamhlophe maqondana nezinye izilwane ze-savannah. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, kuchazwe izimpi zobhejane onendlovu, obekuvame ukwenzeka lapho obhejane engavumi noma anise indlovu: izimpi ezinjalo zazivame ukuphela lapho kubulawa obhejane.

Izikebhe ezingemuva kobhejane (South Africa)

Ngemikhuba nangendlela yokuhamba, afana kakhulu nonuthatch wethu. Isiza obhejane ukuqeda imikhaza namakhala. Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kobhejane kanye nezimfudu zamanzi buthakazelisa kakhulu: lapho ubhejane ulele kusilika ukuthatha indawo yokugeza ngodaka, ufudu ugijimele kule ndawo uvela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ukusondela, bayihlola ngokucophelela imidondoshiya bese beqala ukukhipha imikhaza edakiwe. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuhlinzwa kubuhlungu kakhulu, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi obhejane onesiwombe esikhulu ugxuma ume ezinyaweni zawo, kodwa bese ulala odakeni. Izinyoni zeBuffalo nazo zivame ukugoqa isikhumba sobhejane ziye egazini.

Obhejane abamnyama abanasikhathi esithile sokuzala. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-15-16 zokukhulelwa, insikazi iletha iwundlu elilodwa. Okusanda kuzalwa kunesisindo esingu-20-35 kg, okuncane (ngesimo sokuphakama kuze kufike ku-1 cm) uphondo olukhanyayo nemizuzu eyishumi ngemuva kokubeletha kungahamba, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora amane umama aqale ukuncela. Iminyaka emibili, iwundlu lidla ubisi. Ngalesi sikhathi ufinyelela usayizi omuhle umxhwele, futhi ukuze afike ezingonweni, kufanele aguqe.

Ubhejane omnyama cishe awunazitha ngokwemvelo, yize amawundlu evame ukuba yisisulu samabhubesi ngisho nogologo. Kodwa-ke, bukhona ubufakazi (noma kunjalo, hhayi obhalwe phansi) bokuthi ingwenya enkulu yeNayile idonsele kanjani obhejane abadala endaweni yokuphuza.

Ubhejane omnyama nomuntu wesilisa

Obhejane abamnyama, njengazo zonke ezinye obhejane, baba isisulu salokho okuhlekisayo, ngokusekelwe kokukholelwa ezeni ngokukholelwa emandleni wamandla wophondo. Yize uphondo lobhejane base-Afrika emakethe emnyama lushibhile kunophondo lwezinhlobo zase-Eshiya, intengo yalo isephezulu kangangokuba impi yokulwa nokudubula ngokungemthetho inzima kakhulu. Ngeminyaka yama-70s, ngesikhathi sokukhula ngokushesha kwenhlalonhle yama-monarchies asePersian Ginin, obhejane abaningi abamnyama babevulelwa imfashini kulawa mazwe ngenxa yababhemayo abaphethe izimpondo, ezazibhekwa njengezimfanelo zomuntu ocebile wase-Arab.Namuhla, uphondo lukabhejane alusasetshenziselwa izinhloso ezinjalo, kepha lufuneka njalo emithini yaseChina (ukuhweba ngezimpondo, lwenziwa ngokungekho emthethweni). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwedatha yesayensi, akanazo izinto zokwelapha.

Obhejane abamnyama bayindawo enhle yokubukela emapaki ezwe, okuheha izivakashi eziningi. Ukubuka obhejane, kungcono ukungaphumi emotweni.

Inani eliphakeme (futhi elibaluleke kakhulu) lobhejane abamnyama eSouth Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe naseMozambiki liyakuvumela ukuba uzingelwe. Kuwona mazwe, kunikezwa inani elincane lama-quotas lokudutshulwa kobhejane abamnyama minyaka yonke. Intengo yelayisense iphezulu kakhulu - amashumi amaningana amadola. Ubhejane omnyama, kanye nomhlophe, ufakiwe kulokhu okuthiwa. "I-Big African yesihlanu" - kanye nendlovu, ibhubesi, izinyathi nengwe, izilwane eziyingozi kakhulu, kepha futhi neziqu ezihlonishwa kakhulu kumzingeli.

Indlela yobhejane ngesikhathi sokuhamba ayikho nzima - obhejane awuboni kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akesabi muntu ose-savannah futhi avumele isitha esingahle sisondele. Kwesinye isikhathi ukusabela okuhle kuphela okungasindisa umuntu ekuqhumeni kobhejane - umjaho wesilo ngejubane elikhulu awukwazi ukwenza ujiko olubukhali futhi uma umzingeli egxumela ohlangothini ngesikhathi, obhejane basheshe badlule nge-inertia futhi kungenzeka bangaphenduki ngokushesha ukuze baphonse kabusha. Ukuzingela okunjalo kudinga ukukhuthazela okukhulu nokuba khona kwengqondo. Phakathi kwabantu bendawo base-Afrika, isikhumba sobhejane besithathwa kakhulu njengezinto ezihamba phambili zezihlangu. ENingizimu Afrika, iziswebhu (amakamelo) kwenziwa ngezinsangu zikabhejane nezikhumba zemvubu.

Obhejane abamnyama bangabanikazi bezilwane ezincelisayo, abangomndeni waseRhinoceros futhi umelele kolunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane ezihlala e-Afrika. Izinhlobo zezinto obhejane bakhe kuzo zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu futhi isimo saso sibucayi, futhi ezinye izinkomba zibhekisela ezinhlamvwini ezingapheli. Uma uhumusha igama lalesi silwane kusuka esiLatinini, kuzokhala sengathi "unezimpondo ezimbili."

Ngabe udlani obhejane?

Obhejane bayizilwane ezi-herbivorous, nokho, zinokukhanya okukhulu, ngakho-ke ngokwesilinganiso ubhejane udla kuze kufike ku-72 kg wokudla kwezitshalo ngosuku. Ukudla okuyinhloko kobhejane ngotshani namaqabunga awile ezihlahleni. Obhejane abamnyama nabamaNdiya abanendaba nokudla amahlumela ezihlahla nezihlahla. Ushukela uyindlela eyintandokazi yobhejane waseNdiya, kanti obhejane baseSumatran bathanda kakhulu izithelo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi amakhiwane nemango.

Izitha Zobhejane

Isitha esikhulu sobhejane, yiqiniso, indoda okwathi ezinsukwini zakudala yaqothula lezi zilwane ngenkani, kufaka phakathi izimpondo zazo ezidumile, okuthi ngokwenganekwane zibe nezinto ezahlukahlukene zokupholisa. Kuze kube sekuqothulwe ezingeni lokuthi manje zonke izinhlobo ezi-5 zobhejane zibhalwe ohlwini, ngoba ngenxa yenani labo eliphansi sezisondele ngokuphelele.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ezinye izilwane, ezinikezwe usayizi kanye nohlobo lokukhononda ngokucashile, zama ukuzigwema. Kodwa izinyathi ezihlukile zingazingela kahle amazinyane obhejane: amabhubesi, izingwenya. Kepha azikwazi ukubhekana nobhejane omkhulu omdala, onesikhumba esinyene nophondo olukhulu olubukhali.

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuchaza kabanzi imininingwane yezinhlobo ezi-5 zalezi zikhulu ezinamagwinya ezitholakala endalweni.

Ividiyo yaseRhino

Futhi ekuphetheni, ividiyo ethokozisayo mayelana nokuhlaselwa kobuhlanga kobhejane ekhamera.

Rhino - esinye sezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, obhejane yibona kuphela amabhungane abolile phakathi kwama-artiodactyls, angafaka amahhashi, izimbongolo, amadube nezihlobo zawo eziseduzane. Ngosizo lwethuluzi labo lokuvikela - uphondo oluqinile nolude, obhejane bavikela imindeni yabo nendawo. Izinhlobo ezintathu kwezinhlanu zobhejane ziphethe izindlela ezimbili zokuzivikela, yize ofakazi bokuzibonela bethi babone izilwane zinezimpondo ezinhlanu. Yize kunamandla namandla obhejane, basengozini enkulu. Kwakunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zalesi sigaba, kodwa kwasinda ezi-5 kuphela kuze kube namuhla: Indian, Sumatran, Javanese, emnyama nomhlophe.

Isiphetho sabo bonke obhejane sibubuhlungu. Lapho nje abaseYurophu bethola lesi silwane, kwaba yinto yokuzingela i-trophy. Eminyakeni eminingana yokuzingela okunonya, inani lobhejane ezwenikazi elimnyama lehle kakhulu, futhi abantu ababhujanga hhayi kuphela esifundeni esithile, kodwa futhi nasezinhlakeni eziphelele. Isibonelo, okuyi-subspecies iCeratotherium simum cottoni, obhejane abamhlophe basenyakatho, sekuncibilikile phambi kwamehlo ethu: ekuqaleni kuka-1963, kwakukhona abantu abayi-1300, cishe iminyaka eyi-15 kamuva, cishe okungu-15 kwasala, obhejane bokugcina uCeratotherium simum cottoni wabonwa eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule.

Yisiphi isizathu sokuphikisana okunje? Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wobhejane kubazingeli nabazingeli uphondo lwayo. E-Yemen, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuba insizwa inikeze insangu ukuze ibe umuntu mdala, isibambo sayo senziwe ngophondo lukabhejane. Imfanelo enjalo ayibizi imali encane - amadola ayi-10,000 e-US. Noma kunjalo, phakathi neminyaka engu-8, kuthunyelwe amathani ezimpondo angama-22,5 e-Yemen evela emazweni ase-Afrika, ngenxa yalokhu kubulawa obhejane abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili.

obhejane abamhlophe

EChina nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Ekude, uphondo lukabhejane lubhekwa njengekhambi lezifo eziningi, ikakhulukazi lunqunyelwe i-potency. Ngokombono wesayensi, uphondo lukabhejane alunazo izindawo zokwelapha, ngoba aluhlanganisi ukwakheka kwophondo njengezinkomo, ngokwesibonelo, kepha ngezinwele ezondile kanye namaminerali we-phosphate aqinile ne-melanin, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuyefana namazipho abantu noma izinselo zamahhashi. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wempuphu yesimangaliso ayi-zero.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqothulwa kobhejane kungenxa yokululama kwabo kancane kwabantu. Owesifazane ufinyelela ebusheni kuphela eneminyaka eyi-7, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-16 neminyaka emi-5 udinga ukunakekela ingane. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi empilweni yonke insikazi ingazala amawundlu amahlanu kuphela. Iningi lezingane aliphili ukubona unyaka, libulawa ngamazinyo ama-hyenas nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.

ISumatran obhejane besifazane abane-cub. Le nhlobo icishe yanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba, okwamanje kukhona abantu abangabalelwa ku-60

isithombe sobhejane bokugcina baseJavanese, esasigcinwe ekudingisweni. Isiphetho salolu hlobo sisebhalansi.

Lalela izwi lobhejane

Naphezu kokuvikelwa kwalezi zilwane kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuhweba ngezimpondo, inani labantu obhejane abamnyama liyaqhubeka nokuhla. Okokuqala, ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu kanye nokwehla kwenani lezilwane. Ngakho-ke, obhejane bavame ukugcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina naseziqiwini zikazwelonke.

Mhlawumbe akufanele uphikise lokho obhejane - Enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ezakha iplanethi yethu. Umhlaba wazi kuphela izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezilwane ezi-equidrop ezithandekayo, lezi ezinobhejane abamnyama nabamhlophe, amaJavanese, amaNdiya neSumatran. Abamele izinhlobo ze-Asia bahlukile kubalingani babo base-Afrika ngoba banophondo olulodwa, kanti abanye banamabili.

Ubhejane omhlophe ukuhlala emasosheni ezwekazi lase-Afrika uma uqhathanisa nomlingani omnyama ohlala endaweni efanayo, ngokuya ngezinombolo kuyahola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho ezinye izici ezihlukile ezingahluka kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezimbili.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi igama obhejane abamnyama , njengoba isidlaliso sesilwane esimhlophe uqobo sinemibandela kakhulu. Ngoba ithoni yesikhumba yesilwane incike kumbala wepende womhlabathi osemboze leyo ngxenye yomhlaba lapho obhejane bathola khona indawo yabo yokuhlala. Ukushona phansi odakeni - indlela abayithandayo yobhejane, bahlanza isikhumba ngodaka, bomile ngaphandle elangeni, kunika lo noma lowo mthunzi esikhunjeni.

Obhejane - izilwane usayizi omkhulu. Ngokwesisindo sayo esihehayo samathani amabili kuya kwayi-4 nobude obungamamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu, ukuphakama kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuphela. Amapharamitha anjalo anika ilungelo lokubiza izilwane zobhejane.

Isithombe obhejane elimhlophe

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ikhanda lobhejane lihlotshiswe ngezimpondo. Isibonelo, ku I-Afrika ikakhulukazi eZambia, lezi ezihlukile izilwane kukhona ezintathu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinqubo ezinhlanu ezimbi.

Umlando wobude balezi zinqubo ungowobhejane abamhlophe - ubude bawo, ngokusho kochwepheshe, bungafinyelela kumitha nesigamu. Uma uchaza kafushane obhejane baseSumatran, kuyaziwa-ke ukuthi lokhu kuyizinhlobo zakudala kunazo zonke zalezo ezisaphila kuze kube namuhla.

Isidumbu sakhe simbozwe izinwele ezimfushane ezinzima, kukhona okokufaka ngaphakathi, kanti ngaphambili kwekhanda kukhona izimpondo ezimbili ezingama-25-30 cm lilinye, kanti uphondo lwesithathu lubukeka kabi kophondo futhi lungabizwa ngokuthi ukuphakama futhi kungabe kusaba khona okunye.

Esithombeni obhejane iSumatran

Ngokomthethosisekelo wobhejane, njengoba besho, uNkulunkulu akazange akhubeke. Imvelo yamnikeza umzimba omkhulu kakhulu, intamo yesakhiwo esifanayo, isibonda esikhulu esiyindilinga, obukhulu, kepha izitho eziphansi.

Emilenzeni yobhejane kukhona iminwe emithathu kanti ngayinye yayo iphetha ngehelenge elincanyana, okubenza bahluke emahhashini. Kepha umsila, ngemvelo, waya esilwaneni sincane njengobabhemi, ngisho ne-brashi liyafana.

Bukela i isithombe sobhejane , ungaqonda masinyane ukuthi lesi silwane sinamandla futhi sinamandla kangakanani. Isikhumba esigoqekile sikhulu ngokwedlulele futhi siqinile, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli ekwakheni imidwebo emzimbeni wesilwane futhi lokhu kwenza obhejane babukeke njengesilwane esigqoke izembatho.

Ijazi lezilwane alikho. Imiphetho yezindlebe kuphela kanye nomsila webrashi embozwe izinwele ezimpunga. Sikukhumbuza ukuthi lokhu akusebenzi kubhejane baseSumatran.

Izitho zomqondo zithuthukiswa ngezindlela ezihlukile - umuzwa wokuhogela uthuthuke kahle, kepha ukuzwa futhi ikakhulukazi umbono akulolwanga ngokwanele ngakho-ke kudlala indima yesibili empilweni yesilwane.

Izinhlobo zobhejane nendawo yazo yokuhlala

Kulezi zinsuku, kusuka emndenini owake waba mkhulu kuphela izinhlobo ezi-5 zobhejane zohlobo lwe-4 ezisindile, zonke ziye zaba yivelakancane futhi zivikelwe abantu kubantu. Ngezansi kunemininingwane ye-International Union for Conservation of Nature ngezinombolo zalezi zilwane (idatha iqinisekiswe ngoJanuwari 5, 2018).

Izinhlobo ezintathu zobhejane zihlala eSoutheast Asia:

Eziningi kakhulu zazo, obhejane waseNdiya (lat. Rhinoceros unicornis), uhlala eNdiya naseNepal, uhlala ezimfundeni zezikhukhula zesikhukhula. Izinhlobo lezi zisengozini, inani labadala ngoMeyi 2007 lalingama-2575 amayunithi. Ama-378 awo ahlala eNepal futhi acishe abe ngu-2 200 eNdiya. I-Rhinoceros ibhalwe ku-International Red Book.

Okubi kakhulu nge ISumatran obhejane (lat. Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), inani laso elingadluli kubantu abadala abangama-275. Zitholakala esiqhingini saseSumatra (e-Indonesia) naseMalaysia, zizinza ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi asehlathini nasezimvuleni zemvula. Mhlawumbe indawo yokuhlala yabantu abaningana ifaka phakathi enyakatho neMyanmar, izwe laseSarawak eMalaysia, isiqhingi saseKalimantan (Borneo) e-Indonesia. Izinhlobo lezi zisengozini futhi zibhalwe ku-International Red Book.

(lat. Rhinoceros sondaicus) besisesimweni esibi kakhulu: isilwane esitholakala kuphela esiqhingini saseJava ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngokukhethekile ukulondolozwa kwaso. UJavanese uhlala ezintabeni zamahlathi ashisayo omanzi ahlala njalo, emahlathini otshani notshani. Izilwane zisondele ekuqothulweni, futhi inani lazo alidluli abantu abangama-50. Izinhlobo zingeniswe ku-International Red Book.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zobhejane zihlala e-Afrika:

(Lat. Ceratotherium simum) uhlala eRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika, wethulwa eZambia, wabuye wabuyiselwa eBotswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Kuhlala ama-savannah omile. Izilwane ezincelisayo kuthiwa zashonela eCongo, eSouth Sudan, naseSudan. Uhlobo lolu lusondele kakhulu esimeni esengozini futhi lubhalwe ku-International Red Book, kepha ngenxa yokuvikelwa, inani laso likhula kancane kancane, yize ngonyaka we-1892 ubhejane omhlophe wabhekwa njengoluphelile. Ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature, inani lobhejane abamhlophe kusukela ngoDisemba 31, 2010 lalicishe lalingama-20170.

Abanye amaqiniso obhejane omhlophe:

Uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke lwezinhlobo zobhejane ezihlala emhlabeni njengamanje. Futhi kungenye yezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu zomhlaba. Kungaphezu kwendlovu nje.
Obhejane abamhlophe abanolaka kakhulu kunobhejane abamnyama.
Ukuphakama kubuna: 150-185 cm.
Ubude bomzimba 330-420 cm.
Isisindo: 1500-2000 kg (insikazi), 2000-2500 kg (abesilisa). Enye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezisindayo ingama-3600 kg.
Ubude Bomsila: 75 cm.
Isikhathi sokuphila: iminyaka engama-40.
Ijubane eliphakathi nendawo: kufika ku-45 km / h.

(Latin Diceros bicornis) itholakala emazweni anjengeMozambiki, Tanzania, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Kenya, South Africa kanye neZimbabwe. Futhi, isibalo esithile sabantu senziwe kabusha eBotswana, eRiphabhlikhi yaseMalawi, Swaziland naseZambia. Isilwane sithanda izindawo eziyindawo eyomile: amahlathi anqabile, amasango emiquza, izitebhisi, ama-shrub savannas, ugwadule lwaseNamib. Ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba kufinyelela kumamitha angama-2700 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zisemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Ngokusho kwe-International Red Book, ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-2010 ngokwemvelo, kwase kunabantu abangaba ngu-4880 balolu hlobo.

Obhejane abamhlophe nabamnyama basinde kancane kakhulu kunabalingani babo base-Eshiya, nokho, obhejane abamhlophe sekushiwo kaningi ukuthi bayizinhlobo ezingasekho.

Ubhejane baseSumatran kwesinye isikhathi babizwa ngokuthi obhejane abanezinwele, ngoba banezinwele ezinde zokuxubha, kuyilapho wonke umkhaya wobhejane usuvunda. Le nhlobo iyizinhlobo zokugcina ezisindile zohlobo lobhejane obunozinti ezaziphila emhlabeni kusukela eminyakeni engaba ngu-350 kuye kwayi-10 edlule.
Obhejane abamnyama banezindebe eziphakeme ezingafani nalutho ezibanjelwe ukubamba, ezizisiza zibambe amaqabunga kanye namagatsha kalula.
Amagama athi "mhlophe" nelithi "mnyama" awasho umbala ongokoqobo wobhejane. "Mhlophe" (ngesiNgisi "Mhlophe" ) - Lokhu nje kuwukungaqondi kwegama lesi-Afrika "Weit" , okuchaza ukuthi “banzi” futhi kuchazwa umlomo obanzi walesi sigaxa. Olunye uhlobo lobhejane lwalubizwa ngokuthi “mnyama” ngandlela thile ukulihlukanisa nelimhlophe, noma, mhlawumbe, ngoba lobhejane lithanda ukugoqa odakeni olumnyama ukuvikela isikhumba salo futhi libonakala limnyama.
Obhejane babhekwa njengezilwane ezihamba kancane futhi eziqinile, kepha zingafinyelela ijubane elingamakhilomitha angama-48 kuya kwangama-64 ngehora.
Izinyoni ezincane ezibomvu zisebuhlotsheni bokuzithokozisa nobhejane. Basusa imikhaza ebusweni besikhumba sabo, futhi baxwayisa nobhejane ngengozi ngokukhala okukhulu. Ngolimi lwabantu base-East Africa, isiSwahili, lezi zinyoni ziyabizwa "Askari wa kifaru" , okusho ukuthi "abavikeli bobhejane."
Abobhejane bashiya umquba ngephunga elihlukile kumuntu ngamunye njenge "myalezo" kwezinye izinhlobo zobhejane ezikule ndawo.
I-Indricotherium engashabalali ibhekwa njengezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezake zaphila emhlabeni (ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-8 ukuphakama futhi inesisindo esingamathani angama-20).
Izimpondo zobhejane zakhiwa nge-keratin, njengezipikili zabantu.
Izimpondo zeRhinoceros zisetshenziswa emithini yasendulo yezokwelapha njengekhambi lomkhuhlane ne-rheumatism. Zisetshenziselwa futhi ukukhiqiza izinto zokuhlobisa, njengezibaya zensangu.
Izihlobo eziseduzane zobhejane zingama-tapter, amahhashi namadube.

Ukunyamalala kobhejane

Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zobhejane ezikhona zibhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu, ngoba lezi zilwane zisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni. Ummeleli onqabile kakhulu wohlobo lobhejane bakudala kakhulu obhejane weSumatran. Ubuye abe yilungu elincane kakhulu lomndeni wobhejane.

Obhejane babekwa engcupheni ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi ukuze kukhishwe izimpondo. Izimpondo zobhejane zaziswa kakhulu. Phambilini, zazisetshenziselwa ukwenza ubucwebe, kanye nasekwenziweni kwezokwelapha. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi uphondo lukabhejane lunezinto ezihlukile, uletha inhlanhla futhi unikeza ukungafi.

Ubhejane omnyama omaphakathi

Indawo yokuhlala yalesi silwane isuka enkabeni neNyakatho Afrika iye empumalanga yeNingizimu Afrika. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sabantu satholakala esifundeni eseningizimu.Eqinisweni, le minqangi isekhona, kepha isivele ifakwe ku-Red Book, futhi isimo sayo njengamanje sihlolwa njengobucayi.

I-East African Rhino

Ngokomlando, le subspecies ibikhona e-Ethiopia naseSomalia. Manje abanye abamele obhejane base-East Africa bangatholakala eKenya, kepha inani labantu minyaka yonke liyancishiswa, futhi manje basesimweni esibucayi.

INtshonalanga Afrika Emnyama Rhino

Khumbula ukuthi obhejane abamnyama base-Afrika namuhla sebenyamalele ngokuphelele futhi kumenyezelwe ukuthi usenyamalele. Kakade ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inani lalezi zinhlobo lalingabantu abambalwa kuphela, futhi ososayensi kuze kube yilapho owokugcina bezama ukuyilonda. Ngemuva kocwaningo ngonyaka we-2006, ochwepheshe abakwazanga ukuthola ummeleli oyedwa wobhejane waseNtshonalanga Afrika. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka we-2011, le mikhakha yamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njengengasekho.

Yini edale ukunyamalala kobhejane?

Okokuqala, konke lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi osebenzayo wabazingeli e-Afrika, abathengisi kuphela inyama nesikhumba salezi zilwane ezimangazayo, kodwa futhi bazingela ngenkuthalo izimpondo zabo ezihlukile, izindleko zazo okuyisilinganiso esimangalisa kakhulu.

Ngokusho kososayensi, isizathu esikhulu sokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kobhejane omnyama kanye nokuqothulwa okumhlophe okungenzeka ukuthi umbuso ungavikela abantu abakhulu lapho behlala khona. Minyaka yonke, amaqembu ezigebengu ayanda ngokwanda avela endaweni yase-Afrika, eqhubeka nokuqothula inani labantu asebekade baphila obhejane nezinye izinhlobo ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.

Ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yizazi zezinto eziphilayo, obhejane abamhlophe, nabo abahlala enyakatho ye-Afrika, njengamanje sebezokuqothulwa. Uma maduze nje kungekho zinyathelo ezizothathwa ukuze kulondolozwe inani lalezi zikhulu, khona manjalo lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo ngeke nje zihlale emhlabeni. Ubhejane omnyama (izithombe wethulwa esihlokweni) uyindalo engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili, futhi kuyadabukisa ukuthi manje ibonakala ezithombeni kuphela.

Isiphetho

Kuyadabukisa, kepha namuhla emhlabeni wethu kunezinhlobo ezingama-40 zezilwane ezisezintabeni zokuqothuka noma. Uma ubuntu buqhubeka ngokubabaza ngokungazelele abamele bemvelo, khona manjalo ngeke nje basale. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umzabalazo osebenzayo wenziwa ngabazingeli, amaqembu abazingeli bahlala becekela phansi izilwane ezihlukile. Izigebengu zithola imishini nezikhali zanamuhla ukuze zibambe abantu abakhulu kakhulu. Okwamanje, obhejane abamnyama kuthiwa bayinyama, kepha eMhlabeni kunabameleli abaningi kakhulu bama-subspecies alesi siqhwaga, ongazama ukusindisa.

Obhejane bayizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu ngemuva kwezindlovu ezihlala emhlabeni weplanethi yethu. Ubhejane omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni ubhejane omhlophe. Ubukhulu balesi siqhwaga buyahlaba umxhwele: ubude bude bufika ku-4,2 m, ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-2 m, isisindo esingu-4.5 t.

Obhejane ayinqaba, kepha angaba nolaka impela. Phakathi kwezilwane, azinazitha zemvelo. Ukubheka esisodwa kulesi silo esinamandla kudumaza noma isiphi isifiso sokumhlasela. Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zobhejane emhlabeni, futhi zonke zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngosayizi.

Obhejane abamhlophe bahlala e-Afrika. Lolu uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwalezi zilwane. Isisindo samadoda amadala sisukela kumathani amane kuya kwayi-4,5, ubude bomzimba - ukuya kuma-4.2 m, ukuphakama - ukuya kumamitha ayi-2. Amabhejane anomzimba omnyama, onemilenze emithathu yamazwane anezimpondo nezimpondo ezi-2 ngesimo se-trapezoid, iqondiswe phezulu. Uphondo olude lwangaphambili (kufika ku-60 cm) lubasiza ukuba basakaze izihlahla, kanti izindebe eziphansi ezibanzi ze-keratinized zenza sikwazi ukuluma utshani ezimpandeni uqobo. Ngaphandle kokuthi lesi silo sibizwa ngokuthi obhejane abamhlophe, isikhumba sakhe simpunga, siqinile futhi siqinile. Akaboni kahle, kepha uzwa ngokuphelele futhi unuka ngobuqili.

Abesilisa baseRhino bavame ukulwa bodwa baze babulalane ngenkathi bancintisana nabesifazane. Abesifazane bakhulelwa izinyanga eziyi-15 futhi bazale ingane eyodwa eminyakeni engama-2-3. Obhejane abamhlophe abahlaseli abantu, bavame ukuhamba lapho bebona umuntu. Naphezu kobunzima, lezi zilwane zingagijima ngokushesha, zithuthukise ijubane lokufika ku-35 km / h. Emvelweni, obhejane basendle bahlala iminyaka engama-30-50.

Iningi lalezi zilwane lihlala eNingizimu Afrika, zitholakala eNamibia naseBotswana. Ngokuqala kwezibhamu, inani lobhejane elimhlophe lacishe labhujiswa. Zatholakala ukuze zisetshenziselwe izimpondo ngezinjongo zokwelapha nanjengezigibe zokuzingela. Manje amazwe ase-Afrika asekulawule ukuzingela kwawo, futhi obhejane banethuba lokuphindaphindeka kakhulu. Ubhejane omhlophe ulwela imvubu ngobukhulu bawo. Ngisho nesithombe sikhombisa ukuthi lesi silwane sihlaba umxhwele futhi simangalisa kangakanani.

Uhlobo lwesibili ngobukhulu ubhejane omnyama. Umbala wesikhumba sakhe umnyama ukwedlula obhejane omhlophe, isikhumba simpunga esimnyama. Lesi yisilwane esikhulu esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3 ubude, sinesisindo esingamathani ama-2 size sibe ngama-1.5 m ukuphakama. Ubhejane omnyama uvame kakhulu izikhathi ezi-2, kwesinye isikhathi izimpondo ezingama-3-5 (njengaseZambia) ukuya ku-60 cm ubude, eziqondiswa phambili. Isindebe esisesimweni sesquothi, lesi silwane sikha amaqabunga esidlela kuwo. Umzimba walesi silo uphakeme kakhulu futhi awunzima njengowobhejane omhlophe.

Lolu hlobo lobhejane luhlala eMpumalanga naseCentral Africa. Ithanda ukuhlala esihlahleni esiseduze namanzi. Uyondla kusihlwa, nasebangeni lokushisa ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Lezi zilwane azihambi futhi zihlala endaweni efanayo impilo yazo yonke. Abashadanga, bahlala emndenini ohlanganisa umama ne-cub.

Phakathi kwabo, obhejane abamnyama kuyaqabukela balwa, lowesifazane unguye ohlaselayo. Ubhejane omnyama ungahlasela umuntu ngokuzumayo, bese ugijima ngejubane elingafika ku-48 km / h. Ngakho-ke, abahlanganyeli be-safari kumele baqaphele kakhulu. Obhejane abamnyama bathinteka kakhulu ngabazingeli abazingela izimpondo zabo, ababephathwa kabi ngamaphutha okwelapha. Kepha manje isibalo sabo sesibuyiselwe.

Lesi silwane sikhulu futhi sinamandla. Iziduna ezinkulu kunazo zonke zinesisindo esingamathani ayi-2, ubukhulu lapho bokubuna bufika kumamitha ayi-2, ubude bomzimba bufika kumamitha angama-2.8. Ubhejane baseNdiya banesikhumba esimpunga, kwesinye isikhathi esinesikhumba esilengela egobolondweni. Lokhu kuyinika ukubukeka kwesilwane esisebenza kuqala. Kukhona izixhumi zezinwele emsileni nasezindlebeni.

Imilenze enamandla enamandla ezinzwane ezintathu ineziphetho ezibi. Umlomo omkhulu wesilo uqondile, ugobile kancane phansi. Emhlathini ongezansi walo bhejane kunezinto ezinkulu ezivikela ngawo izilwane ezidla ezinye. Unophondo olulodwa, oluyafika kuma-25 cm ubukhulu.Izinsikazi zivame ukuba neqhubu elincane emakhaleni abo esikhundleni sophondo. Ubhejane abuboni kahle, kepha uzwa kahle futhi uyanuka. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukusondela kuye.

Uthanda ukugcwala odakeni, emachibini nasezixhaphozini futhi uthola ukudla lapho. Emanzini angemuva kobhejane ungabona izinyoni zihlanza isikhumba saso ezinambuzaneni nasemikhayeni. Ogwini eduze kobhejane baseNdiya, ukushayisana okukhona nezimbumbulu kuvame ukwenzeka. Obhejane banensimu yabo futhi bafuna ukuyivikela kubaqhudelani. Phambilini, lezi zimidondoshiya zazitholakala kulo lonke elase-Asia. Manje bahlala kuphela ezinqolobaneni zasePakistan, India naseNepal.

Le yinhlobo eyivelakancane, isiyonke inabantu abafinyelela kwabayikhulu, abazalanga ekudingisweni. Ubude kufika ku-3 m, ukuphakama kufika kumamitha ayi-1,8, isisindo esiqondile esingaziwa. Lesi silwane sinophondo olulodwa (ubude bufika ku-20 cm). Ubhejane kaJavan namuhla uhlala emahlathini ashisayo aseJava kuphela. Bekuvame ukusatshalaliswa eMpumalanga Asia, India kanye naseningizimu yeChina.

Le yi-herbivore, ingabonakala kakhulu. Abazingeli baqothula obhejane baseJavanese, abantu babehlala endaweni ababehlala kuyo. Ngesikhathi sempi yaseVietnam, indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane yacekelwa phansi.

5. Ubhejane weSumatran. Sincane kunazo zonke obhejane. Ubude bomzimba 250-200 cm, ukuphakama kufike ku-120 cm, isisindo kusuka ku-800 kuya ku-2000 kg. Lesi silwane sinezimpondo ezi-2, esinye sifinyelela kuma-25 cm, esesibili sicishe singabonakali. Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezibomvana ngokubomvu. Lolu hlobo, kanye neJavanese, lusongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Namuhla, obhejane bahlala eBorneo, eSumatra nasePennsylvania yaseMalay.

Obhejane abanjalo bapheka emahlumela esihlahla, amaqabunga nezithelo. Badinga usawoti wokugaya, ngakho-ke izilwane zifuna imashi kasawoti. Babhukuda kahle futhi bagijima ngokushesha. Emvelweni, abameli abangaphansi kwama-300 bale nhlobo bahlala.

Obhejane bangama-giants amangalisayo ahlala eMhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka. Ubhejane omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni ubhejane omhlophe. Lesi isilwane esinesisindo esingamathani angama-4,5 futhi sibukeka njengenqaba ehlomile. Izihlobo zayo nazo zinobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, futhi zingakha isivinini esikhulu lapho zihamba. Kepha lezi zilwane ezinamandla acishe aqothulwe ngumuntu. Zonke izinhlobo ezinhlanu zobhejane zizonyamalala ngokushesha ebusweni bomhlaba, uma abantu bengakunaki ukuvikeleka kwabo.

I-Rhinos (Rhinocerotidae) inkulu, imvamisa iyodwa, i-herbivores.

Ubhejane uyisilwane esinomzimba ophethwe.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi obhejane abamnyama ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa bangashesha ukuya ku-50 km / h.

Ubhejane ngokwemvelo

Ubhejane omnyama uyisakhamuzi sezindawo ezomile zomhlaba. Ukunamathiselwa kwabo engxenyeni ethile yensimu abangayishiyi impilo yabo yonke kuyaziwa. Ngisho nesomiso esikhulu asiphoqi obhejane ukuba basuke.

Ubhejane onsundu udla ikakhulukazi amahlumela amasha wezihlahla zokucwilisa, okuthi, njengomunwe, kubambe umlomo ongaphezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane azinaki ameva abukhali noma ujusi we-caustic. Obhejane abamnyama badla ekuseni nakusihlwa, futhi imvamisa bachitha amahora ashubisa ukushisa uhhafu, bemi emthunzini wesihlahla. Nsuku zonke baya endaweni yokunisela, kwesinye isikhathi ibanga elingama-8-10 km, bese behlala isikhathi eside emseleni oselunxwemeni, bebaleke ukushisa nezinambuzane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bathwalwa yile nqubo emnandi kangangoba abakwazi ukuphuma usilika obonakalayo futhi babe izisulu ezilula. izisulu (isb. hyenas). Ngokwesomiso, obhejane bavame ukusebenzisa imigodi eyembiwa yindlovu ukunisela. Ngokungafani nobhejane abamhlophe, abamnyama baphila impilo bebodwa. Imibhangqwana evame ukwenzeka imvamisa iba nomama nelewundlu. Umbono obhejane omnyama, njengakwezinye izinhlobo, ubuthakathaka kakhulu. Noma ibanga elingamamitha angama-40-50, akakwazi ukwahlukanisa umuntu nesiqu sesihlahla. Ukuzwa kukhula kangcono kakhulu, kepha indima eyinhloko yokuqaphela umhlaba wangaphandle idlalwa umuzwa wokuhogela. Lezi obhejane zigijima ngokushesha, nge-trot esindayo noma i-gallop clumsy, ikhula amabanga amafushane ijubane elifika ku-48 km / h.

Obhejane abamnyama abanasikhathi esithile sokuzala. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-15-16 zokukhulelwa, insikazi iletha iwundlu elilodwa. Iminyaka emibili, ingane idla ubisi. Ngalesi sikhathi ufinyelela usayizi omuhle umxhwele, futhi ukuze afike ezingonweni, kufanele aguqe.

Imithombo

https://www.infoniac.ru/news/Lyubopytnye-fakty-o-nosorogah.html

I-Rhinos (Rhinocerotidae) inkulu, imvamisa iyodwa, i-herbivores.

Ubhejane uyisilwane esinomzimba ophethwe.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi obhejane abamnyama ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa bangashesha ukuya ku-50 km / h.

Umlando wosayizi wabantu nokusatshalaliswa

Indawo yokuhlala komlando wobhejane omnyama

Ezinsukwini zakudala, obhejane abamnyama babevamile ezweni lonke lase-Sahara lase-Sahara, ngaphandle kweCongo Basin. Ngisho neqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zihlala zodwa azange zibonakale ngenxa yenani elikhulu. Emini babonakala emaphaketheni inqwaba yabantu. Inani elilinganiselwe lobhejane abamnyama kulelizwekazi lalingabantu abangaba ngu-70,000. Kodwa-ke, ukuzingela okungalawulwa kwabafuduki baseYurophu kwanciphisa kabuhlungu inhlekelele yokuhlala kwabantu kanye nendawo ababehlala kuyo obhejane abamnyama. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960s, lezi zilwane zanyamalala zivela emazweni amaningi noma zazisondele ukuqothuka.

Ukuqubuka kwesifo esihlasela nyakenye ekuqaleni konyaka we-1970 kwacekela phansi obhejane abamnyama abaningi abahlala khona, kwanciphisa kakhulu isibalo salezi zilwane eziqiwini nasezigcinweni zezwe. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970 nama-1980s, isibalo sobhejane abamnyama kwezinye izifundazwe sehlile ngo-40-90%. Ngo-1981, kwakukhona abantu abayizi-10,000- 000,000 kuphela ezwenikazi. Kusukela ngo-1980, abamnyama kungenzeka ukuthi banyamalala e-Angola, eBotswana, eChad, eCentral African Republic, e-Ethiopia, eMalawi, eMozambiki, eSomalia, eSudan naseZambia. Ngo-1993, kwaqoshwa obhejane abamnyama abangu-2,475 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukwehla kwenani labantu ngalesi sikhathi sekuzinzile. Kusukela ngo-1996, amaqembu amaningi alezi zinhlobo akhombise ukwanda okuncane kwesibalo sonke.

Ividiyo: Black Rhino (Diceros bicornis)

Ubungako babantu kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo esikhathini sethu

Indawo yanamuhla yobhejane abamnyama

Ngenxa yemizamo ephumelelayo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo nokulwa nokuzingela, inani lobhejane abamnyama selikhulile laya kubantu abangama-4838. Lolu hlobo okwamanje Ukuboshelwa isakazwa Cameroon entshonalanga Kenya nasempumalanga kuya eningizimu eNingizimu Afrika. Noma kunjalo, cishe ama-98% esibalo sobhejane abamnyama ahlala emazweni ama-4 kuphela: iNingizimu Afrika, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya. Kula mazwe, cishe ama-40% obhejane abamnyama abahlala endle ahlala endaweni yaseRiphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika.

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