I-hedgehog evamile | |||||||||
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Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | I-Placental |
Isizinda: | AmaHedgehogs (I-Erinaceomorpha UGregory, 1910) |
Subfamily: | Ama-hedgehogs wangempela |
Buka: | I-hedgehog evamile |
I-hedgehog evamile , noma i-hedgehog yase-Europe (lat. Erinaceus europaeus), luhlobo lwesilwane ezincelisayo kusuka kuhlobo lwe-hedgehogs ye-genusan yomndeni we-hedgehog. Kusatshalaliswe kabanzi eYurophu, e-Asia Minor, eSiberia eNtshonalanga, enyakatho-nentshonalanga yeKazakhstan, isifunda sase-Amur, enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina.
Ukubukeka
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyisilwane esincane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungama-20-30 cm, umsila - cishe isisindo somzimba esingu-3 cm - 700-800 g. Izindlebe zincane (ngokuvamile zingaphansi kuka-3.5 cm). Isibalo sisondele. Ikhala lesilwane libukhali futhi lihlala limanzi njalo. Ama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile ahlala eCyprus anezindlebe ezinkulu. Emhlathini ongenhla, ama-hedgehogs anamazinyo amancane abukhali angama-20, kuthi ongaphansi - 16. Izisusa ezingenhla zigxunyekwe kabanzi, zishiya indawo yokulunywa yizinsini ezingezansi. Ikhanda likhulu ngokulinganayo, libunjiwe njenge-wedge, elinengxenye yobuso ephakeme kancane. Ngama-paws, iminwe emi-5 enezikhafu ezibukhali. Izingalo ezisemuva zinde kunangaphambili. Izinaliti ze-hedgehog ezejwayelekile zimfishane, zingabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amathathu .. ekhanda, izinaliti zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili “ngokuhlukaniswa”. Ingaphezulu lezinaliti libushelelezi, umbala wazo uhlanganiswa ngokushintshana ngamabhande ansundu kanye nokukhanya. Ngasemuva, ezinhlangothini nasekhanda, izinaliti zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-2. Ngaphakathi zingenalutho, zigcwele umoya. Izinaliti zikhula ngesilinganiso esifanayo nezinwele. Phakathi kwezinaliti kunezinwele ezimfishane, ezinde, ezikhexekile. Ikhanda nesisu kumbozwe ngenwele ezihlanganayo futhi ngokuvamile zinombala omnyama. Ema-hedgehogs amadala, ngokuvamile izinaliti eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5-6, kubantu abasebasha cishe abayizinkulungwane ezintathu.
Ebusweni, emilenzeni naseziswini zama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile, umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe ophuzi kuya kinsundu omnyama. Izinaliti ezi-brownish ngemivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo. Isifuba nomphimbo we-hedgehog ziqinile ngombala, ngaphandle kwamabala amhlophe ahlukile. AmaHedgehogs ahlala eSpain anombala onsomi.
Obani ama-hedgehogs?
Lezi zilwane zikhula zibe ngosayizi omncane futhi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo. Zine-muzzle ekhombe kancane futhi ende.
Izinhlobo Ezhovye ezahlukene zezici zangaphandle zabantu, kanye nendawo. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisaAmawayini kanye nama-gimnurs, emzimbeni wawo akukho zinaliti asazijwayele.
Ngokuvamile, ngalezi zilwane, ziyefana kakhulu. Kepha kunezinhlobo zezilwane eziningi ezingezinhlobo ze-Ezhov, kepha ngaphandle zifana nebhola.
Inentshisekelo ngama-hedgehogs
Bheka amaqiniso ambalwa athakazelisayo ngalezi zingane:
- Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lomzimba wabo lisesezingeni ezingama-34 degrees, ngenkathi phakathi nokushiswa komoya kwehla cishe kube ngamadigri amabili.
- Umzimba wengane umelana kakhulu nobungozi obuhlukahlukene, ngisho noma buqine kakhulu.
- AmaRoma akhulisa lezi zingane ikakhulukazi ngokudla. Isikhumba naso asilahlwanga kude, kepha sisetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa uboya bezimvu.
- AmaHedgehogs awaphethi noma yikuphi ukudla ezinalwaneni zawo.
- Emzimbeni wezingane zasendle kunezinambuzane eziningi ezingadluliselwa kubantu ngokuxhumana.
- Ama-Serbs asebenzisa umchamo wama-hedgehogs njengethuluzi elisebenzayo ekwelapheni uphuzo oludakayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-hedgehogs
Izinhlobo eziningana, izinhlobo zalezi zilwane zingahlukaniswa, incazelo ethile izocatshangelwa ngezansi:
- Ma-Afrika, lokhu kufaka hlangana izincazelo ezine.
- ISteppe, zingabizwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela.
- I-Eurasian, lezi zinhlobo ezintathu, i-hedgehog ejwayelekile evamile isebenza kuwo wonke umuntu olapha.
- Kuthiwe. Kubo unganquma inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo, ezingaba yisithupha.
Kukhona abanye abamele izinhlobo, okungukuthi ama-gimnurs. Azifani ne-hedgehog evamile yangaphandle. Lokhu kufaka hlangana kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu zohlobo lwendalo ezisaphila emvelweni kanti eziyisithupha sezivele zithathwa njengezinyamalele.
Bheka izinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu.
7. Moloch
IMoloch yisibungu esivela e-Australia esikhula sifinyelele kuma-200 mm futhi singaphila iminyaka engama-20. Imizimba yabo imbozwe ngokuphelele ngama-spikes abukhali, futhi banekhanda eliyinqaba elingemuva kwamakhanda abo. Sicabanga ukuthi, ngaphezu kokuba esinye sezilwane ezipholile kunazo zonke, iMoloch nayo ingenye yezingwe ebanda kunazo zonke.
6. I-urchin yasolwandle
Ama-urchins olwandle mancane, anezilwane eziyindilinga futhi eziyindilinga. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-950 zama-urchins asolwandle. Zonke zingamasayizi nemibala ehlukene, ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene zolwandle. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bangena ngephutha kuma-urchins olwandle emanzini angajulile, okuthi, uma unentshisekelo, kungokungathandeki kakhulu.
Habitat
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile ehlala ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu, igwema ukubhukuda okubanzi namahlathi e-coniffort aqhubekayo. Ama-prefers onqenqemeni, amakhophi, ama-glade amancane, izifufula zezikhukhula zemifula. Kungenzeka ihlale eduze kwendoda. EYurophu, i-hedgehog ejwayelekile ingatholakala emahlathini avulekile, emathafeni otshani, ezihlahleni, ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi ngisho nasemapaki.
Indlela yokuphila
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyisilwane esisebenza ebusuku. Akathandi ukushiya ikhaya lakhe isikhathi eside. IHedgehogs ichitha usuku esidlekeni noma kwenye indawo yokukhosela.
Izinduna zakhiwa emahlahleni, emigodini, emihumeni, emiseleni elahliweyo yamagundane noma ezimpandeni zezihlahla. Imvamisa, isidleke singamasentimitha angama-15- 20 cm; siqukethe udoti owomile noma amaqabunga, ummbila. Ngosizo lweminwe emide ephakathi, ama-hedgehogs anakekela imisipha yawo. Izilwane zesifuba zikhotha ulimi. Abesilisa banolaka komunye nomunye, baqaphe amasayithi abo ngentshiseko. Indawo yezindawo ezinjalo kwabesilisa ingama-7- 39 ha, futhi kwabesifazane - ama-6- 10 ha. Ukuhlanza kuma-hedgehogs ajwayelekile kwenzeka kancane, imvamisa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ngokwesilinganiso, inaliti eyodwa kuphela kwezinguqu ezintathu ngonyaka. Inalithi ngayinye ikhula izinyanga eziyi-12-18. Emvelweni, lezi zilwane ziphila iminyaka engama-3-5, ekudingisweni zingaphila iminyaka eyi-8-10.
AmaHedgehogs ayizilwane ezisheshayo ngosayizi wazo. Bayakwazi ukugijima ngejubane elingafika ku-3 m / s, bayakwazi ukubhukuda nokugxuma. Lapho uhamba futhi ugijima, ama-hedgehogs agibela emhlabathini ngezinyawo zawo wonke. Njengezilwane eziningi zasebusuku, i-hedgehog ayinaboni kahle, kepha inomqondo obukhali wephunga nokuzwa. Ehlobo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungama-180 contractions ngomzuzu, ku-hibernation, imvamisa iyancipha ibe ngu-20-60 ukushaywa ngomzuzu, kuyilapho ama-hedgehogs ethatha umoya owodwa kuphela ngomzuzu. Ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, ama-hedgehogs aseYurophu avala ngokuqinile umnyango wokungena umgodi awele ekushayweni komoya. Imvamisa le hibernation ihlala kusuka ku-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngesikhathi hibernation, izinga lokushisa lomzimba we-hedgehog lehla laya ku-1.8 ° C. Ehlobo, udinga ukugcina amanoni amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba uma i-hedgehog ejwayelekile icashe ngaphandle kokuthola amafutha anele (ngaphansi kwama-500 g), ebusika iba sengozini yokufa yindlala. Ngemuva kwe-hibernation, ayishiyi isidleke kuze kufike lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela ku-15 ° C. Ama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, kepha hlalani nisondelene.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi ocwaningweni we-hedgehog yaseYurophu eNew Zealand, kwavela ukuthi, sebezithole sebesezimweni ezintsha, ama-hedgehogs "akhohlwe" ukubukeka kwabo futhi bazimisele ukulala ubusuku bonke ezidlekeni ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hedgehogs akahlangananga kuphela izithelo zezitshalo zomdabu ekudleni kwawo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi aqala ukucishe aqede ukudla ukudla kwawo okujwayelekile kwesilwane.
AmaHedgehogs
Isilwane esincane ezincelisayo esine-muzzle ekhombe phezulu yincazelo ye-hedgehog ejwayelekile. Uhlobo luhlotshaniswa ngokubukeka okuningana nendawo yokuhlala. Lezi zilwane zifaka ama-tenreks kanye nama-gimnurs angenazinalithi ezijwayelekile. Izimvukuzane nezikebhe "ziyizihlobo" eziseduze kakhulu zama-hedgehogs. Kodwa ama-porcupines, naphezu kokufana kokuvikela, izinaliti, aziyona eyezabo "izihlobo" zabo.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile isimilo sabo bonke abamele ama-hedgehogs:
- ubude bomzimba - kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-45 cm,
- isisindo bukhoma - kusuka ku-300 kuye ku-1500 amagremu,
- ubude bomsila kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-21 cm,
- ikhanda elikhulu elimise okomjiva
- Izimbali ze-zygomatic zakhiwe, zisethwe kabanzi,
- ukwakheka kwegebhezi kungaba kuncane futhi kudlule noma kufushane futhi kubanzi,
- Amehlo nama-auricles athuthukiswe kahle,
- inani lezingono - kusuka kwezingu-2 kuye kwezingu-5,
- izindlala zesithukuthuku azikho, kukhona ama-sebaceous amancane, ama-anal kanye nezindlala ezithile ze-plantar,
- amazinyo abukhali, mancane, ama-incisors okuqala afana namafangs, imvamisa kunamazinyo ayi-16 emhlathini ongezansi, angama-20 emhlathini ongenhla, izinhlobo ngazinye zinamazinyo angama-44,
- amafushane amafushane kunemilenze yangemuva,
- kweminwe emihlanu emilenzeni yangemuva (kuphela i-hedgehog emhlophe enezinhlangothi ezine), ephakathi yinde kakhulu, iguqulwe ngenaliti yokuhlanza,
- izinwele ezingcolile ezingandile zikhula phakathi kwenaliti,
- umbala wejazi uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumhlophe kwesihlabathi kuya komnyama onsundu ngokuya ngezinhlobo,
- lapho besengozini, bangakhuphukela ebholeni,
- iningi linemisipha ekhule kahle eyenziwe kahle,
- ube nokuzwa okuhle kanye nomuzwa wokuhogela, ukubuka okuphansi,
- izinhlobo eziningi ziyakwazi ukubhukuda,
- noma ubalekela ingozi, ijubane lokuhamba alidluli ku-4 km / h,
- isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside endle singakapheli iminyaka emi-5, njengoba isilwane singaphila sifinyelele kwabali-10,
- izitha eziphambili: izimpisi, izimbadada, izimfene, izimpungushe, izimpungushe, izimbila zenyosi, amadube, izikhova, izikebhe, izimpungushe nezinye izinyamazane.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs zimbozwe ngenaliti. Leli yikhadi labo lebhizinisi lasekuqaleni. Izinaliti ziyizinwele eziguquliwe. Okuphawuleka ikakhulukazi ukuzalwa kabusha ezinhlangothini zomzimba. Izinaliti ezonda kakhulu nezinwele eziqinile ezingenamikhawulo zibonakala kahle kule ndawo.
Inani lezinaliti kubantu abadala lingafinyelela ku-10,000. Ubude bawo abudluli ku-3 cm. Izinaliti ngokwazo zikhanya kakhulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Ziqukethe amakamelo amaningi amancane omoya ahlukaniswe ngamapuleti. Intamo emincane, eguqukayo ivela esikhunjeni ngesimo sebhola esikhunjeni. Kancane kancane iyakhula iye kwisisekelo senaliti kanye nama-tapper futhi empini yayo. Lo mklamo uqinisekisa ukuphepha emzimbeni wesilwane uma kwenzeka kuwa kusukela ekuphakameni noma kunoma yikuphi ukucindezela kwangaphandle kwezinaliti. Ingxenye encanyana ethambileko igogekile, iqeda ukubakhona kokungena kwenaliti emzimbeni. Umbala wazo uhlukile impela: ithiphu nesisekelo kumhlophe, maphakathi umnyama noma nsundu.
Inalithi ngayinye inemisipha yayo, ekwazi ukuyisondeza. Ekuphumuleni, izicubu ziyavuseleleka, futhi ikhava yenaliti libukeka lincane. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-hedgehog kuqala iphakamisa izinaliti, ilindele ukuthi ingozi idlule. Kulesi simo, izinaliti zinamathela ngamathiphu abukhali emikhondweni ehlukile, kwakheka isikhali sendwangu esiqinile. Uma usongo lukhuphuka, isilwane sigoba sibe yibhola yenaliti eliqhubekayo.
Umsoco
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyisilwane esijabulisayo. Isisekelo sokudla kwaso sakhiwa izinambuzane zabantu abadala, amacimbi, ama-slugs, kwesinye isikhathi iminyundu, amagundane. Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-vertebrates akahlaselwa kakhulu, esikhathini esiningi izisulu ze-hedgehog ziba izidalwa eziphindaphindayo kanye nama-amphibians. Ezitshalweni zingadla amajikijolo nezithelo. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, ama-hedgehogs ngokuvamile awadli izinyoka, ngoba isisekelo sokudla kwama-hedgehogs izinambuzane (kuma-hedgehogs ahlala eNew Zealand, isisekelo sokudla nakho kuyizithelo zezitshalo zomdabu). Ngo-1811, abakwaP.S. Pallas bazama ukuthi ama-hedgehogs ngaphandle kokuzilimaza badla ama-boilers aqukethe ubuthi obunobuthi obukhulu kwezinye izilwane. AmaHedgehogs nawo awanawo umthelela omncane kubuthi obufana ne-arsenic, i-mercuric chloride, opium, ne-hydrocyanic acid. Kuyiqiniso, imithamo emikhulu kakhulu yobuthi iyingozi kuma-hedgehogs, kepha imithamo ebulala ezinye izilwane, kanye nabantu, ayilimazi ama-hedgehogs.
Amagundane, kwesinye isikhathi okubhekiselwa kuwo hhayi kakhulu kumagundane angempela kuya kuma-voes amancane, awatholakali emvelweni nasebuncinaneni abancane ngemvelo. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezidliwe i-hedgehog, ezinye eziyingozi zaziphawuleka (ngokwesibonelo, amabhungane kaMay, amabhungane anesihlabathi, izinwele zamakhonco, izibungu zesilika ezingafakwanga).
Amaqanda namachwane wanoma iziphi izinyoni ezincane ezidla phansi emhlabeni nazo ziyadla.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Izilwane zingezomndeni wama-hedgehogs kusuka ku-oda ye-sireletsetivores. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-hedgehogs (izithombe nezincazelo zezinye zinikezwe ku-athikili engezansi). Umndeni ngokwawo ubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-24, izinhlobo eziyi-10 zozalo kanye nemindeni emincane engama-2:
1. Ama-hedgehogs wangempela. Kwethulwe ngohlu lwezimpawu ezine:
1) Ama-Afrika afaka izinhlobo ezine:
- I-Algerian,
- amhlophe qhwa
- IsiSomaliya,
- WaseNingizimu Afrika
2) i-steppe ifaka izinhlobo ezimbili:
I-3) i-Eurasian ifaka izinhlobo ezintathu:
- Amur
- I-Eastern European
- ezejwayelekile (i-European),
4) i-eared ifaka izinhlobo eziyisithupha:
- i-apodal,
- UmNdiya,
- ikholaji
- inaliti emnyama
- UmTopiya
- wared.
2. Ama-Gymnastics, noma ama-hedgehogs we-rat. Lokhu kufaka hlangana kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu zabaphilayo kanti ezinye eziyisithupha sezivele zashabalala. Zingaki izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs esintu ezingeke zibalwe ngokuzayo, kunzima ukusho, kepha uhlobo olunje ngesithixo seluvele lubhalwe kwi-International Red Book. Phakathi kohlobo oluphilayo lwama-urchins we-rat kukhona:
- amaculo
- amaculo amancane
- IHainan hedgehogs,
- ama-shrew hedgehogs,
- Izingoma zasePhilippines.
Ukuzala
Ngemuva kokucwilisa ubusika, ama-hedgehogs aqala inkathi yokuzalela. Phakathi kwabesilisa, izimpi zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yabesifazane. Abesilisa baluma imilenze yomunye nomunye, ubuso babo, ukusunduza, ukusebenzisa izinaliti zabo empini. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, ama-hedgehogs ahlwitha kakhulu futhi ahlwithe. Ngemuva kwempi, onqobayo uzungelezela amahora amaningi eduze nowesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa utholakala ngemuva kowesifazane. Isitho sangasese sowesifazane sisekupheleni komzimba, kanti ubudoda besilisa buphakathi kwesisu, ngenxa yalokhu, asidingi ukukhuphuka ngokuphelele sowesifazane. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, insikazi ibopha ngokucophelela ameva futhi igobe emuva phansi. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ama-hedgehogs asakazeka. Njengesiphephelo, i-hedgehog igoba umgodi wayo uqobo noma isebenzise imisele yemijondolo. Emgodini kukhona udoti wotshani owomile namaqabunga.
Njengomthetho, insikazi iletha izinyane elilodwa kuphela ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-49. Kulitha, imvamisa ama-3-8 (ama-4) ama-cubs kakhulu. AmaHedgehogs azalwa enqunu, eyimpumputhe, enesikhumba esikhanyayo esikhanyayo, isisindo somzimba wawo singama-gramu ayi-12 kuphela. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kuzelwe, i-hedgehog inezinaliti ezithambile ezimhlophe nezimnyama. Ikhava yenaliti ephelele isungulwa ngosuku lwe-15 lokuphila. Ukucashiswa kuthatha inyanga eyi-1. Ngemuva kokuthi iphele, i-hedgehog iqala ukuphila ngokuzimela. Baqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi izinyanga eziyi-10-12.
Zuza futhi ulimaze abantu
I-hedgehog ejwayelekile iyasebenziseka ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane eziyingozi: phakathi kwezinambuzane ezidliwayo yizo ngamabhungane ka-Meyi, amacimbi emantongomane kanye nesilika elingakhokhelwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-hedgehog ibhubhisa amachwane namaqanda wezinyoni ezincane ezidlekayo emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ku-Outer Hebrides, kwethulwa ama-hedgehogs aguqulwa aba yizinambuzane zangempela ezichitha imichilo yezinyoni ezinjenge-snipe, dunlin, umnkantshu kanye nokuxebuka.
I-hedgehog ingaba ngumthwali wezifo ezinjenge-dermatomycosis, umkhuhlane ophuzi, i-salmonellosis, i-leptospirosis, amarabi. Imikhaza namazeze zitholakala ngamanani amakhulu kuwo. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwe-ixodid imikhaza (abathwali be-tephalitis ethwelwe, i-tularemia, i-babesiosis yezinkomo, i-equine pyroplasmosis pathogens) iveze ukuthi ama-hedgehogs aphakathi kwezingxoxo lapho imikhaza idla khona kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula. Emazweni asehlathini, ama-hedgehogs aqoqa izibungu, kufaka phakathi i-encephalitis, ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izilwane, ngoba isembozo saso esinobuthi, njengebhulashi, sihlanganisa izibungu ezilambile otshanini. Kusukela kumikhaza engene phakathi kwezinaliti, i-hedgehog ayikwazi ukuqeda.
IHedgehog yinyama ezivame kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ezinhlobonhlobo. Ivumelanisa kalula nempilo eduzane nabantu futhi ihlala igcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaRoma emuva ngekhulu le-IV. BC e. ama-hedgehogs akhelwe inyama - ayephekwe ngezinaliti ngobumba. Izikhumba zeHedgehog zibuye zisetshenziswe kabanzi ekugqokeni kwesikhumba:
AmaHedgehogs uqobo awasizi ngalutho empilweni yomuntu, njengoba abaningi bethu becabanga, ngoba ukube babengenazinaliti, izikhumba ezithambile zemfuyo bezingasho lutho kubantu abafayo: phela, i-hedgehog isetshenziselwa ukugqoka. Kodwa-ke, lapha futhi nelungelo elikhethekile lokuthengisa lo mkhiqizo liholele ekutheni abathengisi abaphetheyo bahlomule ngama-fakes angenakubalwa, ayikho enye inkinga edinga ukuqhubeka kwezinyathelo ezinjalo eSenate, futhi kwakungekho mbusi oyedwa owayengeke akhononde ngalokhu. isikhumba fake hedgehog (uPliny Omdala, Umlando Wezemvelo VIII. 135).
Eminye imishanguzo yabantu (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yempandla) ifaka umlotha, i-bile, ukufakwa emzimbeni, noma igazi elivela kwi-hedgehog.
Amaqiniso
- Lapho uhlangana nento enephunga elinamandla, ama-hedgehogs akhombisa ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuzikhothisa. I-hedgehog ikhonkotha into kuze kube yilapho amathe avuthayo eqala ukubonakala, bese eyidlulisela ezinalwaneni.
- Kwesinye isikhathi ama-hedgehogs akhombisa ngisho nezinkinobho zikagwayi noma uvolo wekotini ngezinsalela zamakha ezinalwaneni. Umsebenzi wale ndlela yokuziphatha awucaci. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuyindlela yokulwa namagciwane.
- Inkolelo esabalele yokuthi i-hedgehogs iprinta ukudla ngezinaliti yiphutha. (Isibonelo, kungumbono ojwayelekile oqondile wokuthi ama-hedgehogs angakhipha ama-apula noma amakhowe ezinalwaneni zawo). Umbhali waleli phutha nguPliny Omdala, owabhala ku-Natural History:
I-LVl 133. Ebusika, ukudla nama-hedgehogs kugcinwe: lapho esegoqe ama-apula awile, ama-hedgehogs uwafaka emhlane bese, ephethe enye i-apula emlonyeni wawo, awudlulisele ezigodini zezihlahla.
5. Hedgehog izinhlanzi
Isilwane esipholile futhi esihle kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziyi-17 ze-hedgehog, kepha kuphephile ukusho ukuthi sizithanda zonke izinhlobo
Izinhlanzi zeHedgehog zingangena emzimbeni wazo futhi zibe ibhola eliyindilinga. Ubungako obunjalo bukwehla izitha ezingaba khona. Izinhlanzi zasendle nazo zinezikhala ezibukhali ezikhomba ngaphandle lapho zidonsa.
3. Umqhele wameva
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingama-1,500 emhlabeni futhi ezinye zazo zinezikhala. ICrown of Thorns starfish iyi-starfish enkulukazi kunazo zonke enazo zonke izinhlobo, futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu ze-starfish. Babizwa kanjalo ngenxa yameva anobuthi asimboza imizimba yabo futhi abukeka njengomqhele wameva. Ubukhulu bomqhele we-spike buvame ukuba yi-25-35 cm.
2. Isilaila somsila obomvu - "I-Armadillo"
I-Armadillo yisidlakela somsila esi-spiny. Lihlala ezingwadule zaseningizimu ye-Afrika. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zibankwa zinamandla aluma kakhulu kangangokuba zingaphula imihlathi yazo uqobo! Elinye iqiniso elipholile: lapho ezizwa esongelwa, angabeka umsila wakhe we-spiky emlonyeni wakhe futhi avikelwe yibhola le-spiky. Lokhu kuziphatha kufana nempi yangempela!
Indlela yokuphila
IHedgehog - inhlobo yezilwane ezihlala kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu, iyatholakala nase-Afrika, e-Asia, eMiddle East naseNew Zealand. Ososayensi bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi akubanga kudala kangaka bahlala eNyakatho Melika. Akukaze kubonwe lezi zilwane eSouth America, Antarctica, Australia nase Madagascar. Ensimini yaseRussia, ungathola i-hedgehog ejwayelekile, inaliti emnyama, iDaurian ne-eared.
Emvelweni, izilwane zithanda ukuhlala ngaphansi kwezimpande, emifantwini yamatshe, ezihlahleni, imigodi eshiywe ngamagundane noma ngokumbiwa ngokuzimela. Ubude balezi zimbobo bungafinyelela kumitha owodwa. AmaHedgehogs aphile impilo yobusuku obumnandi, eyedwa. Balala emini, bazingele ebusuku. Kude kude nekhaya musa ukusuka.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs angabadli. Ukudla kwabo kufaka phakathi:
- amacimbi
- amabhungane
- amabhungane omhlabathi
- Earthworms
- izinyoka, ezifaka ubuthi,
- amasele
- amagundane
- izintwala,
- izicabucabu
- Ukudla kwezitshalo: ama-acorn, okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo asendle, amakhowe, ama-moss,
- isikhonyane,
- ufezela
- slugs
- izibankwa
- amaqanda wezinyoni.
Kungadukiswa ngokutholwa nokungcola kokudla. Phakathi kuka-Ephreli no-Okthoba, i-hedgehog kumele ithole amanoni anele ukusinda ngempumelelo hibernation.
Ukuthomba kwenzeka ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila (kwezinye izinhlobo, ngeminyaka emibili). Ngemuva kokuphaphama, owesilisa uyahamba ayobheka umuntu azoshada naye. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa singenzeka lapho umoya ufudumala ufike ku-+18 ° C. Izimpi ngenxa yabesifazane zilukhuni impela, kepha azipheli ngokulimala. Ngemuva kokucindezela ngamagobolondo nokulimala emilenzeni nasebusweni, isivuno esibuthakathaka, sishiya ibanga lempi. Ngemuva kokuphola, owesilisa ushiya "intombi".
Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, amawundlu azalwa kanye ngonyaka, abantu baseningizimu bangakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo kabili ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-34-60. Kulitha elilodwa kukhona izingane ezisukela kwezintathu kuya kwezingu-8. Isisindo sokuzalwa singama-gramu ayi-10- 12 kuphela, bahamba-ze, izimpumputhe, zipinki ekhanyayo. Emahoreni ayisithupha ngemuva kokuzalwa banezinaliti ezithambile zokuqala. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, amafomu amboze ngokuphelele. Ngenyanga yokuqala ama-hedgehogs adla ubisi lwebele kuphela, eduze kokuwa aqala impilo ezimele.
I-hedgehog evamile
Lolu hlobo lungezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Isilwane lesi sihlala khona emathafeni, emapaki nasezigangeni. Imishanguzo inomswakama kanye namaxhaphozi. Imvamisa etholakala eduzane nokuhlala kwabantu, isivakashi esivame ukwenziwa ezindlini zasehlobo. Idla konke okungakuthola. Izici eziphambili zohlobo lwe-hedgehog ejwayelekile:
- ubude bomzimba - 20-30 cm,
- ubude bomsila - kufika ku-3 cm,
- isisindo bukhoma - aze afike ku-800 amagremu,
- umbala - kusuka ophuzi kuya onsundu omnyama ,,
- ubude benaliti - kufika ku-3 cm.
Indawo “yomuntu” yabesilisa isuka kumahektha ayi-7 kuye kwangama-40, kwabesifazane kuba nesizotha kakhulu - phakathi kwamahektha ayi-10. Ukuqala kwesithwathwa kubangela ukuba izilwane zivale kahle umnyango wokuya emgodini bese ziba hibernate. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lomzimba we-hedgehog lehla laya ku-1,8 ° C. Izilwane zilala kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Entwasahlobo, lapho nje izinga lokushisa lomoya lifudumala lifinyelela ku-+15 ° C, baqala ukuphuma ku-mink. Ukuze usinde ebusika, isilwane sidinga ukuhamba singama-500 amagremu wamafutha.
Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka eyodwa yonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50, ukuzalwa kwengane kwenzeka kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba. Kungaba nama hedgehogs angafika kwabayi-10 kwilitha ngalinye. Eduze konina basondele enyangeni eyodwa nengxenye. Isikhathi sokuphila sifika eminyakeni emi-5.
Mnyama wase-Afrika
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs (izithombe zezilwane ezincelisayo ezisembhalweni) zohlobo lwase-Afrika, i-pygmy hedgehog iyamangaza. Kutholakala eMauritania, eNigeria, eSudan, e-Ethiopia Senegal. Incazelo:
- ubude bomzimba - kufika kuma-22 cm,
- ubude bomsila - kufika ku-2,5 cm,
- isisindo bukhoma - amagremu angama-350-700,
- umbala - onsundu noma mpunga,
- ungazifihli.
Amehlo awekho amakhulu, izindlebe ziyindilinga, izinsikazi ziba zikhulu kunabesilisa. Kwenza umsindo othulayo, ohelezayo noma ohelezayo, kodwa uma kwenzeka ingozi ingamemeza kakhulu. Izilwane zalolu hlobo zigcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Kuthiwe
Ezinhlotsheni eziyisithupha zama-hedgehogs (isithombe ngezansi) eRussia, munye kuphela inaliti emnyama. Izilwane zihlukaniswa ngezindlebe ezinde ezikhula zibe ngu-5 cm. Incazelo:
- ubude bomzimba - 12-27 cm,
- isisindo bukhoma - kuze kufike ku-500 amagremu,
- ubude yenaliti ngaphakathi 2 cm.
Imvamisa, “izindlebe ezinamalebe” zikhetha ukundiza njengokuvikelwa, kunokuba zilingane. Le nhlobo ithanda ogwadule, ama-semi-desertert, ama-steppes omile. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala eduze kwama-aryks alahliwe noma izigodi eziswakeme. Idla izinambuzane, ama-vertebrates amancane, amajikijolo, izithelo, imbewu.
Gimnura
Ihubo elijwayelekile limelela okungezansi kwama-urchins wegundane. Incazelo:
- ubude bomzimba - 26-45 cm,
- isisindo bukhoma - 500-2000 amagremu,
- ubude bomsila - 15-30 cm.
Izinhlangothi nangemuva zimnyama, intamo, inhloko nomhlane womsila kumhlophe. Umsila wembeswe esikalini nezinwele ezi-sparse. Akunazinalthi ezingomeni. Kuhlala imvula eshisayo yaseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Idla izilwane ezincane, inhlanzi, amasele, izithelo.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Kunamaqiniso ahehayo ngama-hedgehogs:
- izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile lingama-34 ° C, kuthi ngesikhathi hibernation, lehle liye ku-2 ° C,
- umzimba wesilwane umelana kakhulu nobuthi obuhlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ama-hedgehogs angakwazi ukubhekana kalula nezinyoka ezinobuthi,
- amaRoma aphakamisa imichilo yenyama, okokufaka negazi kusetshenziswe njengomuthi, isikhumba esinamahlwili sasisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinwele zezimvu,
- ama-hedgehogs awaphethe ama-apula noma amakhowe ekudleni kwawo, lokhu kuyinganekwane,
- izinambuzane ezingenakubalwa zihlala ezilwaneni, ososayensi basebenzise ama-hedgehogs ukuphendula umkhaza wabantu abasemikhakheni eyahlukene yesimo sezulu,
- Ama-Serbs asebenzisa umchamo wama-hedgehogs njengekhambi lokudakwa,
- "Izikhali" ze-spiny zivuselelwa minyaka yonke ngomunye.
I-Hedgehog: incazelo, isakhiwo, izici. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-hedgehog?
Ngokwesihlukaniso se-zoological, ama-hedgehogs angawezilwane ezincelisayo ngokulandelana kwazo, ukulandelana kwama-hedgehogs, kanye nomndeni wama-hedgehogs.
Ubude be-hedgehog, ngokuya ngohlobo lwayo, busuka ku-10 kuye ku-44 cm. Futhi, isisindo se-hedgehog singasukela kumakhilogremu angama-300 kuye kuma-1.5 kg. Lesi silwane sinomsila, nomsila we-hedgehog ukhula usuka ku-1 kuye ku-21 cm ubude.
Ikhanda le-hedgehog likhulu kakhulu, linomzimba wedada, futhi isigaxa silungisiwe, sihlotshisiwe ngekhala le-hedgehog ephathekayo futhi elihlala limanzi.
Amazinyo e-hedgehog, noma emincane, abukhali impela. Kuvame ukuba namazinyo angama-20 emhlathini ongenhla kanti ayi-16 angaphansi.Amazinyo amabili okuqala akhulu futhi abukeka njengama fangs. Yize ezinye izinhlobo zama-hedgehogs zinamazinyo angama-44. Manje usuyayazi impendulo yombuzo, ama-hedgehog enamazinyo amangaki.
Imilenze yangemuva ye-hedgehog yinde kunangaphambili, imilenze ngayinye ineminwe emihlanu. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa i-hedgehog enamabala amhlophe, eneminwe emine kuphela ezinsweni zayo. AmaHedgehogs ayizilwane ezihlanzekile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ahlanza izinaliti zawo ngosizo lweminwe ende ephakathi.
Ameva abukhali noma izinalithi ze-hedgehog uphawu lwentengiso, uhlobo lwekhadi lokushayela lesilwane. Bazikhonza zombili ukuze zivikeleke ezidlaleni - ngesikhathi sengozi, ama-hedgehogs aqonda ebholeni, ngaphandle kwawo kukhona ameva aqhubekayo, nokuhambisa izinto zokudla ezahlukahlukene - ama-hedgehogs ajwayele ukukhipha ama-apula noma amakhowe ezinalwaneni zawo ukuwadlulisela ku-mink yawo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, yonke i-hedgehog inezinaliti ezifika ku-10. Umbala wezinaliti zezinhlobo eziningi zama-hedgehogs umnyama futhi awuvamile imivimbo. Umbala woboya be-hedgehog, ngokuya ngohlobo lwawo, ungaba nsundu, isihlabathi, onsundu ngombala omhlophe noma omhlophe.
Ukuba yisilwane ebusuku, i-hedgehog ayinamehlo angaboni kahle, kepha inomqondo okhule kahle wephunga nokuzwa.
Futhi yize ama-hedgehogs eyizilwane zasemhlabeni, angakwazi ukubhukuda kahle futhi agibele izihlahla.
Ahlala kuphi ama-hedgehogs?
AmaHedgehogs ahlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, angatholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ukusuka eScandinavia kuya eMedithera, e-Afrika eshisayo, e-Asia ngisho naseNew Zealand nase-Australia.
Njengezindawo zokuhlala, ama-hedgehogs angaphila zombili emahlathini nasehlane. Abesabi ukuhlangana nabantu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bangabonakala emapaki amadolobha, ezigcawini.
Ngabe kudlani ama-hedgehogs emvelweni?
AmaHedgehogs yizilwane ezi-emnivorous ezidla njengezithelo ezihlukile (ama-apula, ama-pears, ama-sitrobheli, ama-raspberries, ama-amajikijolo), amakhowe, ama-moss, ama-acorns, nezinye izilwane: izinambuzane ezinkulu (amabhungane, izicabucabu, izinkumbi, izibungu, umhlonyane), amaqanda wezinyoni. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-hedgehogs zingazingela izibankwa, amasele, amagundane. Njengoba imelana nokudla ubuthi, ama-hedgehogs ahlasela nezinyoka ezinobuthi nawofezela.
AmaHedgehogs kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluphala kahle ngesikhathi sasehlobo nasekwindla, ukuthola amasheya anamafutha, ngaphandle kwalokho angafa ngesikhathi sokubandakanyeka kwawo ebusika, awela kuwo njengamabhere ngokuqala kobusika. Kuluhlu oluhle lwamafutha oluvumela ama-hedgehogs ukuthi aqhubeke esesimweni sokugqwayiza okulengisiwe (igama lesayensi le-hibernation ezilwaneni) kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
I-hedgehog yaseYurophu
Ungu-hedgehog ojwayelekile, ilungu elijwayelekile kakhulu lomndeni we-hedgehog. Ubude bomzimba we-hedgehog ejwayelekile buyi-20-30 cm, futhi bunesisindo esingu-800 g. Uhlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kepha angatholakala kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia.
I-Eastern European hedgehog
Ngokubukeka, ifana kakhulu ne-hedgehog yaseYurophu, kepha inombala ohlukile, owokuthi, umphambili wentamo nesisu kukhanya. Ikhula ibe ngu-35 cm ubude inesisindo esingu-1,2 kg. Ihlala hhayi eMpumalanga Yurophu uqobo, kepha futhi nase-Urals, kanye nakwamanye amazwe ase-Middle East.
I-hedgehog yenaliti ende
Le hedgehog yaba negama layo libonga ngisho namazinga we-hedgehog, izinaliti ezinde nezinene. Ubude bezinaliti zakhe bungama-4-4.2 cm.Izinaliti ngokwazo zinombala ohlukile, zingaba ukukhanya noma zimnyama. Ubude bomzimba waleli hedgehog buyi-22-27 cm, bunesisindo kusuka ku-500 kuya ku-900 g.Uhlala eMiddle East, eNhlonhlo yase-Arabia. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Uzbekistan.
Daurian hedgehog
Lesi yi-hepgehog ye-steppe heggehog ehlala kusuka ezinyaweni zaseTransbaikalia ukuya eMongolia naseNyakatho neChina. Ngokungafani namanye ama-hedgehogs, izinhlungu zalesi zinhlobo zimfushane, zinesihlabathi noma nsundu. Ijazi lale hedgehog ngmpunga noma ngombala onsundu ngombala.
Ungayondla kanjani i-hedgehog ekhaya?
Njengokudla isidlo se-hedgehog, inyama eluhlaza, ebomvu, isibindi esibilisiwe, nenhlanzi entsha iphelele. Njengokudlela, ungamnika ama-maphela aphilayo, izibungu zikafulawa noma amakhethini. Futhi, ama-hedgehogs azokujabulela ukudla ama-apula kanye izaqathi.
Abantu bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi ama-hedgehogs angaba nobisi. Siyaphendula: cha, akunakwenzeka, ama-hedgehogs ane-lactose ukungabekezelelani, okusobisini, ngakho-ke ubisi alunakubangela kuphela isisu esidabukisayo e-hedgehog, kodwa futhi luholele ekufeni kwakhe.
I-Hedgehog
Loluhlobo luvame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Lesi yisakhamuzi sasemathafeni, lesi silo kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala kumapaki asemadolobheni, emahlathini. Isilwane sizama ukugwema amaxhaphozi.
Inkomba. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuya emasimini asendlini ziyofuna ukudla. Uma ufisa, unganamathisela i-hedgehog ngokumenzela indlu futhi ushiye njalo izinto ezithile ezinhle.
Cishe konke angakuthola ekudleni kwalesi silo. Indawo yendoda ngayinye ithatha amahektha asi-7 kuye kwangama-40, insikazi inesizotha kakhulu kulokhu, inendawo eyanele efinyelela kumahektare ayi-10.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, lezi zingane ezinamahlwili zivala uvalo lomnyango wendlu yazo bese ziba sematheni. Le nqubo iyathakazelisa impela. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wesilwane lehla laya kumadigri ayi-1.8. IHibernation ihlala cishe ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Baqala ukushiya izindlu zabo lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifudumala lifinyelela kumadigri ayi-15. Ukuze usinde ebusika, ingane idinga ngaphezu kwalokho ukuthola cishe iphawundi lamafutha.
- Ukulungela ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka lapho unyaka wokuqala wokuphila ufinyelelwa.
- Owesifazane ukhulelwe izinsuku ezingama-50, futhi isikhathi sokuzalwa imvamisa ngoMeyi - Okthoba.
- Ngokuvamile azikho ngaphezu kwezingane eziyishumi udoti.
- Eduze kukamama, ama-hedgehogs akhona aze afike inyanga eyodwa nengxenye, bese eqhubeka nempilo ezimele.
Baphila cishe iminyaka emi-5.
Izingane Zentando
Ummeleli walezi zinhlobo unelukuluku kakhulu, isithombe saso singabonakala ngezansi. I-African pygmy hedgehog ayizifihli, ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo zayo.
Izinsana zenza umsindo othulayo njengokukhonkotha noma ukudonsa umoya, kepha uma zizwa ingozi, zingamemeza kakhulu. Abamele lolu hlobo luvame ukulethwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Inaliti ende
Njengoba igama lisho, laba abamele lezi zinhlobo banezinaliti ezinde, ngisho nangamazinga wokwenza into. Izinaliti azikho nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ziwugqinsi. Ubude binaliti bungafinyelela ku-4-4.2 cm.
Kubalulekile. Lolu hlobo lubhalwe ku-Red Book of Uzbekistan.
I-Algeria hedgehog
Ama-hedgehogs ase-Algeria abizwa nangokuthi ama-hedgehogs azulazulayo kanye nama-hedgehogs aseNyakatho Afrika. Bahlala eNyakatho Afrika ukusuka eSahara kuya eLibya naseMorocco. Bahlala nasezifundeni eziseningizimu yeFrance neSpain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-hedgehogs angeniswa eMalta naseziqhingi zaseCanary.
Ngobude, afinyelela amasentimitha angama-20-35, futhi anesisindo esingama-200-600 amagremu. Izinaliti zimboza izinhlangothi, i-nape nangemuva. Kukhona imaskhi emnyama ebusweni. Umsila mfushane. Izindlebe zinkulu. Amade amade. Kuneminwe emi-5 kwilanga ngalinye. Imaskhi nama-paws ansundu futhi isisu simhlophe. Uboya buthambile, mhlophe, nsundu noma mnyama. Umbala wezinaliti umthende onsundu onsundu.
Indawo yemvelo yama-hedgehogs azulazulayo yi-savannah eshisayo, ugwadule namasimu.
Bayasebenza ebusuku. Lezi yizilwane ezizodwa. Aziweli ekuweni hibernation. Ama-hedgehogs aseNyakatho Afrika adla izinambuzane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ama-invertebrates, izithelo nemifino.
Izitha zama-hedgehogs ase-Algeria yizinja zasendle, izinyoni ezidla inyama nabantu. Isikhathi sokuphila kwabo ngokwemvelo yiminyaka engu-4-6, futhi ekudingisweni baphila iminyaka eyi-10.
Ukukhulelwa ku-hedgehogs yase-Algeria kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35. Kungahle kube nezingane eziyizimpumputhe kusuka kwezingu-1 kuye kwezingu-9.
Ama-hedgehogs asanda kuzalwa afinyelela ku-2,5 amasentimitha. Zikhula ngokushesha, emasontweni ama-3-4 ziqala ukushiya isidleke. Kumaviki awu 4-5 weminyaka, basebenzisa ukudla okuqinile. Owesifazane udla izinsana izinsuku ezingama-30- 34. Ngezinsuku ezingama-40-43 baqala ukuzimela. Ukuthomba ku-Algeria hedgehogs kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-10-12.
Ama-hedgehogs ase-Algeria abhalwe ku-Berne Convention. Ososayensi bakhiphe izinhlobo eziningi zemibala yama-hedgehogs azulazulayo: omhlophe, ushokoledi, obhemayo, ikofi, ialbino nokunye.
I-Algerian hedgehog (Atelerix algirus).
I-Amur noma i-hedgehog yesi-Chinese
Ama-Amur hedgehogs ahlala eChina, Korea, Manchuria nasePrimorye. Ngaphandle, ama-Amur hedgehogs afana nama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile, kepha umbala wawo ulula. Ubude bomzimba busukela kumasentimitha angama-18 kuya kwangama-26, futhi isisindo somzimba siyehluka kusuka kuma-gramu ayi-600 kuye kwangama-1092. Izinaliti zinde, zifinyelela kumamilimitha angama-24. Umbala wezinaliti eziningi onsundu okhanyayo. Uboya bufushane futhi bukhuni, esiswini bunsundu.
Ama-hedgehogs amaShayina ahlala emahlathini, izigodi zemifula, amasimu emithambekeni embozwe ngamahlathi aqabulayo. Lezi hedgehogs zigwema umxhesho, izindawo eziphakemeyo nomhlaba olimekayo. Ama-Amur hedgehogs adla ngemisundu yomhlaba, izinambuzane, kanti ezimweni ezingejwayelekile, izithelo zezitshalo.
Ama-hedgehogs amaChinese asebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku, kuthi emini aphumule ezidlekeni. Esikhathini sezulu esinethayo, zingakwazi ukuzingela usuku lonke.
Ama-Amur hedgehogs ayizilwane ezihlala zodwa.
Isikhathi sokuzala sama-hedgehogs aseChina siba ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ngonyaka, i-hedgehog izala kanye kuphela. E-udoti wama-hedgehogs waseChinese, kungaba khona izingane ezintathu kuya kwezingu-8. Ukuthomba ku-Amur urchins kwenzeka eminyakeni emi-2.
I-hedgehog enamabala amhlophe
Ama-hedgehogs amhlophe amhlophe abizwa nangokuthi ama-heedgehogs ama-white-beled noma ama-hedgehogs asempumalanga. E-Russia, atholakala kuma-Urals aseningizimu, futhi ahlala e-Isthmus of the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Greece, Israel, Iran, Europe, Balkan kanye nesiqhingi saseCrete.
Ubude bomzimba bufika kumasentimitha angama-35. Isisindo, kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, sisuka ku-600 kuye ku-1230 amagremu. Izindlebe zabo ziyindilinga, zimfishane, cishe azibonakali ngenxa yoboya. Kuneminwe emi-5 ema-paws. Ngemuva nangezinhlangothi kuvikelwe izinaliti ezingamasentimitha angu-2,5 ukuya ku-34. Uboya bufushane futhi bukhuni. Kukhona indawo emfushane esifubeni.
Ama-hedgehogs amhlophe amhlophe abukeka afana nama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile.
Ikhanda nezinhlangothi zinsundu, futhi umphimbo nesisu zilula kakhulu. Izinaliti ezisekelweni namathiphu mhlophe, futhi maphakathi kukhona imivimbo nsundu nomnyama. Esiswini, uboya bumsundu.
Ama-hedgehogs amhlophe amhlophe ahlala ogwadule olungamaphethelo, izihlaxu zezintaba, amahlathi aqhakazayo, izigodi zase-steppe nasezigodini zemisele. Zitholakala nasemapaki, ezigcawini nasezingadini.
Ama-hedgehogs amhlophe amhlophe ayasebenza ebusuku. Abesilisa baphumula emashalofini emvelo, futhi benza izidleke kuphela zobusika. Ukuqothuka kwabo kuhlala kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuMashi. Ama-hedgehogs amhlophe amhlophe azwela emakhazeni. Ngesikhathi hibernation, balahlekelwa cishe ama-35% wesisindo sabo, ngakho-ke kufanele bashiye benesisindo okungenani sama-gramu ayi-600 ebusika. Imvamisa bahlala iminyaka eminingana ezidlekeni ezifanayo. Izitha zama-hedgehogs amhlophe anombala obomvu, izikhova, izikebhe nezinye izinkawu.
Isikhathi sokuzala siwela kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele. I-hedgehog inezalo elilodwa kuphela ngonyaka. Kwilitha elilodwa kungaba nezingane ezingama-3-8.
Imikhakha yalolu hlobo lwama-hedgehogs ingaba nombala ohlukile, kepha isiphuzo nesisekelo zihlala zimhlophe
Indian hedgehog
Ama-hedgehogs amaNdiya ahlala ePakistan, Northwest India. Umzimba wale hedgehog uqinile, uyindilinga.
Ubude bomzimba buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-14 kuye kwangama-23. Isisindo singama-300-400 amagremu. Amalunga nomsila amafushane. Izibani zikhuphuka ngesifihlwa esimnyama. Ebunzini, esiswini nesihlathini kuya nsundu omnyama. Izinaliti zimnyama futhi zimhlophe.
Ama-hedgehogs amaNdiya asebenza ebusuku. Lezi hedgehogs, ama-homebodies, cishe awakaze ashiye izingosi zawo. Ntambama bacasha ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo. Ama-hedgehogs amaNdiya awela ekubandakanyeni, kepha uma kungekho ukudla okwanele, khona-ke angalala isikhashana. Isikhathi sokuzala singoJulayi-Septhemba. Kulitha olulodwa kukhona kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5 hedgehogs.
I-India hedgehog iyinhlobo engandile futhi engafundiswanga kahle, ithanda ukuhlala eduze kwezihlahlana nezitshalo.
I-Ethiopia hedgehog
I-hedgehog yase-Ethiopia noma i-hedgehog edala isikhathi eside ihlala eNyakatho Afrika, ogwadule lwaseSahara, iSyria, iGibithe, i-Iraq, iTunisia, i-Ethiopia, iPhalamende lase-Arabia kanye nePersian Gulf.
Ubude bomzimba we-hedgehog wase-Ethiopia ngamasentimitha ayi-15-25. Isisindo somzimba sisukela ku-400 kuye kuma-700 amagremu. Umbala wezinalithi onsundu okhanyayo. Izihlathi, ibunzi, umphimbo nesisu kumhlophe. Kukhona imaskhi emnyama ebunzini.
Ama-hedgehogs anenalithi ende ahlala ogwadule nasezindaweni ezomile, ezitholakala ogwini nakuma-oases aseduze.
Ama-hedgehogs ase-Ethiopia angabulawa yindlala kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Bakhombisa imisebenzi ebusuku, kuthi phakathi nosuku bacashe ngamatshe. Izindlebe zenziwa kwizimbobo ezilahliwe ze-fox. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo baqabuka, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile bavuka bayozingela. Izitha zama-hedgehogs ezinaliti ende ziyinyoni ezahlukahlukene zokuphangwa. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-10.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ama-hedgehogs ase-Ethiopia akhipha iphunga elithile, ngokusho kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile abafuna abalingani. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30- 40. AmaHedgehogs azalwa enqunu, eyisithulu futhi eyimpumputhe, enesisindo esingama-8-9 amagremu.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, i-hedgehog yase-Ethiopia ikhipha iphunga elithile.
Ama-hedgehogs ase-Itiyopiya amelana nokulimazeka kwezinambuzane nezinyoka. Ukungavikeleki kwabo kunamandla izikhathi ezingama-30- 40 uma kuqhathaniswa namagundane asayizi ofanayo.
I-hedgehog yaseNingizimu Afrika
Ama-hedgehogs aseNingizimu Afrika ahlala eBotswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Malawi naseZambia. Ubude bomzimba we-hedgehog yaseNingizimu Afrika ngamasentimitha angama-18-20. Isisindo sabantu besilisa sisukela ku-280 kuya ku-350 amagremu, izinsikazi zingaba nesisindo kusuka kuma-300 kuye kuma-650 amagremu. Umucu omhlophe ubonakala kahle ebunzini. Umuntu omdala unenaliti ezingaba zinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Izindlebe zincanyana. Umbala uyashintsha, kanti nama-albino nawo ayatholakala. Isisu simpunga, umsila kanye nemilenze imnyama, isigaxa simpunga nsundu. Ngemuva komzimba kunenqwaba yezinhlavu ezimhlophe. Amathiphu ezinaliti amhlophe, phakathi amnyama, kanti ezansi amhlophe no-ayisikhilimu.
Izinaliti ze-hedgehog zaseNingizimu Afrika zinemibala eshokolethi ansundu kanye nemikhonto emnyama.
Ama-hedgehogs aseNingizimu Afrika ahlala emahlathini, emasimini, ezingadini. Zigwema izindawo ezimanzi nezingwadule. Ebusuku, i-hedgehog ingadla okuphakelayo okunesisindo esifinyelela ku-1/3 yesisindo sayo. Babonisa umsebenzi ebusuku, kanti phakathi nesikhathi sasemini kuphela esina imvula. Lapho amahora okukhanya kwemini eba ngaphansi kwamahora ayi-11, ama-hedgehogs aseNingizimu Afrika aqasha.
Isikhathi sokuzala sama-hedgehogs aseNingizimu Afrika senzeka ngo-Okthoba-Ephreli. Izinsikazi zizala izingane ngemisele yemigqa noma yamaxhaphozi, zilele ngaphansi komgodi ngamahlumela nangamaqabunga. Kulitha kukhona izingane ezisukela kwezimbili kuya kwezingu-9, ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-8. Ama-hedgehogs nsuku zonke engeza amagremu ayi-2 enesisindo.
Isiqa soboya obumhlophe sivele kahle ebunzini le hedgehog yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Owesifazane udla izinsana ubisi kathathu ngosuku. Ntambama, i-hedgehog ilala emgodini ohlukile. Emavikini angama-4-6 okuphila, ukukhula okuncane kuqala ukuzingela nonina. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukuzimela. Abantu bendawo basebenzisana ngalezi zinhlaka zenyama yabo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwama-hedgehogs aseNingizimu Afrika yiminyaka engama-8-10.
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Kuwela nini ama-hedgehogs?
Njengoba sabhala ngenhla, ama-hedgehogs awela ekuhibheni. Yize ama-hedgehogs ahlala ekudingisweni engabonakali ukuthi ayawadinga, kepha awukwazi ukukhohlisa inqubo yemvelo yesilwane, izindlela ze-hibernation zingokwemvelo, ngakho-ke kufanele uzilungiselele ukuthi isilwane sakho esinobuhlakani naso sizongena ebusika ngesikhathi sobusika, mhlawumbe hhayi isikhathi eside kangako njengama-hedgehogs ahlala ezimweni zemvelo.
Ukusinda ngempumelelo i-hibernation, i-hedgehog idinga ukondliwa kakhulu ekwindla ukuze iqoqe izindawo ezidingekayo zamafutha. NgoNovemba, uzophawula ukuthi i-hedgehog iba kanjani ngokubabayo, futhi njengokungathi isemdangeni, eqinisweni lokhu kuyisiqalo se-hibernation. Njengoba ngokwemvelo ama-hedgehogs ebusika izidleke zawo, i-hedgehog yasekhaya nayo idinga ukudala izimo ezisondele kwezemvelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukwaba indawo ecashile endaweni ethile ku-loggia noma e-attic, kubalulekile ukuthi amazinga okushisa lapho awangeqi ama-5 degrees C. Bese wakhe uhlobo lwesidleke, ubeke utshani, amaqabunga owomile, umdweshu, izimbambo, bese kuba i-hedgehog yokulala.
Uma une-hedgehog emfushane yase-Afrika, khona-ke kufanele ungakhathazeki nge-hibernation, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-hedgehogs aluweli ebusika hibernation, ngenxa yokuntuleka kobusika ezindaweni zalo zokuhlala.