Izinyoni Zendlovukazi u-Alexandra , noma Inyoni ka-Alexandra , noma Inyoni enamaphiko yeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra , noma Ornithopter yeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra (Ornithoptera alexandrae) - uvemvane losuku lohlobo I-Ornithoptera umndeni wemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi. Kubhekwa njengebhabhathane elikhulu kakhulu lephiko emhlabeni.

Indaba yokutholwa

Umuntu wokuqala wase-Europe ukuthola lolu hlobo lwam uvemvane ngonyaka we-1906 wayengudokotela wezilwane nomqoqi u-Albert Stewart Mick, eqoqa izinambuzane kumqokeleli wamabhange waseBrithani, umqoqi wezezimali kanye nomqoqi wamabhabhathane, Lord Walter Rothschild. Lokhu okwenzeka ngo-1907 kwaqamba igama lezinhlobo ngokuthi kuhlonishwe yiNdlovukazi u-Alexandra, umka-nkosi we-Great Britain u-Edward VII.

Umuntu wokuqala owaziwa ngokumbiwa phansi, kamuva owaba uhlobo (holotype), wayengowesifazane owadutshulwa ngesibhamu. Indlela efanayo yokukhishwa yacatshangelwa ukuthi izimvemvane zalolu hlobo ngokuvamile zindizela phezulu ngaphezu komhlabathi emiqhele yemithi. Ngenkathi yeVictorian nangesikhathi seKing Edward, amakhadibhodi agxishwe ngembewu yesinaphi noma udutshulwa omncane (obizwa ngokuthi uthuli lwesiNgisi), okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ukudubula izinyoni ezincane amabanga amafushane futhi ngaphandle kokulimaza iplamu lawo, ngezinye izikhathi zazisetshenziswa ngabaqoqi ukudubula phansi izimvemvane eziphakeme eziphakeme namabhungane amakhulu.

Ukubhebhetheka

Endemic kuya esiqhingini saseNew Guinea, lapho kuhlala khona izihlambi zemvula ezishisayo ebangeni elilinganiselwe ezintabeni zesifunda sasePopondetta sase-Oro. Ngokwe-IUCN ngezigaba, lolu hlobo lolo lwesigaba olusengozini (Usengozini) Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eLamington ngo-1951 kwabhubhisa cishe indawo engama-250 km 250 yendawo yemvelo yalezi zimvemvane, okuyisizathu esikhulu sokusatshalaliswa kwabo okungandile. Ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sezimvemvane zalolu hlobo ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngaphansi kwesivumelwano seCITES, izinhlobo Ornithoptera alexandrae ifakwe ohlwini lwezilwane ezazinqatshelwe ukubamba nokuthengisa.

Incazelo

Izimvemvane ezinkulu zosuku ezine-dimorphism ebekiwe. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa, ubude bezimpiko zazo eziyindilinga bungafinyelela kuma-27 cm kwabanye abantu.I-London Museum of Natural History igcina insikazi enamaphiko angama-273 mm, okwenza lolu hlobo lube ngummeleli omkhulu weqembu le-club-diurnal (Ledidal) le-Lepidoptera. Ubude besisu bufika ku-8 cm, isisindo - kuze kufike ku-12 amagremu. Izimpiko nesisu zinombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe, ukhilimu nohlaza ophuzi.

Iziduna zincane kunezinsikazi, amaphiko afinyelela kuma-cm angama-20. Izimpiko zabesilisa zinciphile, zipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza.

Umjikelezo wokuphila

Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa uvemvane uhlala izinyanga ezine. I-imago ihlala izinyanga ezintathu. Izitshalo zokudla zezimbungulu - Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlobo lwe-kirkazon: Dils kirkazon (Aristolochia dielsiana) kanye ne-kirkason kaSchechter (I-Aristolochia schlechteri) Amakhethini akhula abe ngu-12 cm ubude nama-3 cm ubukhulu.

Tizania agrippins

Le uvemvane langemuva kosuku olubizwa ngokuthi yi-titania agrippina (lat. Thysania agrippina), noma i-scoop ye-agrippina, lihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo aseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Ummeleli omkhulu walezi zinhlobo zesayensi wabanjwa eBrazil, futhi amaphiko ayo afinyelela amasentimitha angama-29.8.

Tizania agrippins

Amaphilisi we-Peacock-eyed

I-Peacock-eye Hercules, noma i-Koscinocera Hercule (i-coscinocera hercule), nayo iyi-butterfly yasemakhazeni futhi ihlala e-Australia nasePapua New Guinea. Amaphiko alobu buhle afinyelela amasentimitha angama-26-27, kanti amacimbi akhula aze abe amasentimitha ayi-10 ubude. Kulesi zinhlobo, izintokazi nezinsikazi nazo zinemibala ehlukene nezimo zamaphiko.

I-Peacock-eye atlas

I-Peacock-eye atlas

Okunye uvemvane omkhulu oqhamuka emndenini wephephisi-iso yi-peacock-eye atlas (lat.Attacus atlas). Bahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engaseningizimu yeSouthheast Asia, kanti amaphiko awo afinyelela amasentimitha angama-24. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimvemvane ezindala azondli futhi ziphile ngezakhi zomzimba eziqoqwa yisibungu. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlukile ngakolunye ngombala nangokwakheka kwamaphiko.

Ornithopter uGoliyati

I-Ornithopter goliath: owesilisa ngaphezulu, owesifazane ngezansi

I-Ornithoptera goliath, noma i-bird-winged goliath (i-lat. Ornithoptera goliath), inobukhulu obungaba amasentimitha angama-20-22 futhi ihlala eziqhingini zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ngenxa yokwabiwa kwesiqhingi, izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingaphansi ziyehlukaniswa phakathi kwazo, ezihlukahluka emibonweni yemibala.

I-Trogonopter Trojan

Trogonopter Trojan, owesilisa

Obunye ubuhle, obuhlala endaweni yesi-8 ohlwini lwethu lwama-giants, yi-trogonopter Trojan (lat. Trogonoptera Trojana). Ibhabhathane eliyivelakancane kakhulu elihlala esiqhingini sasePalawan (Philippines). Amaphiko ale nhlobo afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-17- 19. Abesilisa bancane, kepha umbala wabo uyakhanya.

I-Madagascar comet

Ibhabhathane lasebusuku impela elinemibala egqamile, lihlala kuphela emahlathini emvula aseMadagascar. IMadagascar comet (lat. Argema mittrei) iqanjwe kanjalo ngokungajwayelekile kwamaphiko aphansi. Izimpiko zalobu buhle, ezinesithombe esikhona ebhukwini laseMadagascar lamaphephadonga angama-5,000 aseMalagasy, lifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-14-18.

I-birdwing uvemvane oluyivelakancane lobuhle obumangalisayo. Ingenye yezinhlobo phakathi kwezinambuzane zaseLepidoptera.

Ubizwa nangokuthi yi-Queen Alxandra noma i-Ornithopter ka-Alexandra. Kuhunyushelwe esiGrekini, lokhu kusho "inyoni enamaphiko."

Uvemvane lathola igama elinje ngesizathu: ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu kakhulu, ebangeni, kufana kakhulu nenyoni. Ama-Ornithopters afakiwe emndenini wemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi, futhi isibalo sawo sifinyelela ezinhlotsheni ezingama-800.

INdlovukazi yayibizwa ngokuthi i-ornithopter ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu phakathi kwabantu bomndeni wonke owawuhamba ngomkhumbi. Wanikezwa igama lakhe ukuhlonipha unkosikazi weNkosi yaseBrithani u-Edward VII. Le uvemvane lubizwa kufanele ngokuthi yiparele langempela lehlathi lemvula.

Ngokokuqala ngqa ukuthi uvemvane olunjalo lwabanjwa ngamathuba eNew Guinea. Kwakungowesilisa. Ubukhulu bezimpiko zalo babufana namasentimitha angama-20! Futhi ukwakheka kwazo okungajwayelekile, kufana namaqabunga asezindaweni ezishisayo nemibala emangalisa, engenakucatshangwa kwakumangalisa. Le ndoda, ngesinqumo sesayensi, ibalwa njengohlobo lwe-ornithopter entsha ngokuphelele. Kwadingeka ukumtholela ibhangqa, ikakhulukazi ngoba izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ubukhulu bezimpiko zowesifazane osemdala bufika kwesinye isikhathi ngamasentimitha angama-28! Kodwa-ke, umbala wazo ukhanya kancane kunowabesilisa.

Indoda yokuqala eyaba nenhlanhla ekufuneni insikazi ngo-1906 kwakungu-A. S. Mik. Ukuphinda aqoqe iqoqo lakhe lesinambuzane, wazulazula enkabeni yeNew Guinea - okuwukuphela kwendawo lapho kuhlala khona amaphiko ezinyoni. Ehleli phansi, uMick ngephutha wabona inambuzane enkulu emoyeni eziqongweni zezihlahla. UShot, wamshaya ngqo futhi isinambuzane sawela ngasezinyaweni zososayensi. Kwakuyindlovukazi efanayo u-Alexandra ayekade eyifuna isikhathi eside. Kwakunombala onsundu omnyama ngombala, futhi ubukhulu bamaphiko babufana nama-28 cm.

Abaqoqi abaningi baphupha ngokuthola uvemvane olukhulu futhi baluzingela kakhulu. Kepha ukwenza lokhu cishe akunakwenzeka, ngoba uhlala futhi udla umpe wezimbali ezikhula endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Izimbali zibizwa ngokuthi i-aristochilia futhi ziyaqhakaza phezulu emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Okwamanje, ukuzingela izimvemvane ezinkulu akuvunyelwe nakancane, ngoba zivikelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokwehla okuqinile kwezinombolo zazo. Lokhu kungumphumela wokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo iLamington ngo-1951. Yalahleka ngaphezu kwamamitha-skwele angama-260. km yendawo yokuhlala yezimpiko yezinyoni.

I-PETLYAKOV ROMAN GOU SCHOOL № I-163 IDOLOBHA YOMgwaqo.

Ukubuka kuqala:

I-PETLYAKOV ROMAN MAKSIMOVICH.

Umsebenzi wokucwaninga ngesihloko:

I-birdwing Queen u-Alexandra.

Ocwaningweni lwami, ngifuna ukukhuluma ngebhabhathane elijwayelekile le-Ornithopter u-Queen Alexandra (Ornithoptera alexandrae). Ngisebenzisa isibonelo somlando wokuvela kwalezi zithombe, ngifuna ukusho amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngalesi sinambuzane. Ubungako balesi silwane bubusayizi bawo, ubuhle, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokubaluleka kwezimbali nezilwane.

Iminyaka eminingi, uBernard d "Abrera ubelanda izithombe zezimvemvane zasendaweni ezishisayo nezingajwayelekile zezincwadi kanye nabomagazini. Ama-albhamu akhe wezithombe zezimvemvane abe yithuluzi elibalulekile kososayensi. Efuna ubuhle obunqabile obunqabile noma usayizi omkhulu wezinambuzane, umthwebuli zithombe waya ezweni lakubo lase-Australia, eSouth Asia, eNew Guinea nakwezinye izindawo. wadubula, wadubula, wadubula.

Eqoqweni elicebe kakhulu lezithombe zika-d "Abrera, kudutshulwe isithombe esisodwa uvemvane omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, iNdlovukazi u-Alexandra Ornithopter.

Ukuya ehlathini laseNew Guinea, u "Abrera akazange abheke kakhulu empumelelweni. Wayazi ukuthi leli bhabhathane laliqabukela kakhulu, waqikelela ukuthi akekho umuntu owake walithatha isithombe ngemvelo. Umthwebuli zithombe wakudlula konke lokho ayekuzwe noma wakufunda ngokungajwayelekile .

I-Ornithapter ekuhumusheni kusuka kulimi lwakudala lwesiGreek kusho ukuthi "birdwing". I-Queen Alexandrawatching birdwatching noma iNdlovukazi u-Alexandra ornithopter - umvemvane wosuku omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, ungowomndeni wemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi. Izinyoni zamaphiko ezinsikazi zika-Alexandra zikhulu kunezabesilisa, amaphiko azo oyindilinga afinyelela ku-28 cm. Ubude besisu buyi-8 cm, isisindo - aze afike ku-12 amagremu. Izimpiko nesisu zinombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe, ukhilimu nemihlobiso ephuzi. Abesilisa bancanyana kunabesifazane, amaphiko abo angaba ngamasentimitha angama-20. Abesilisa bahlukile kakhulu ngaphandle kwabesifazane, amaphiko abo mancane, apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza. Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa uvemvane uhlala izinyanga ezine. Umuntu omdala uhlala izinyanga ezintathu. Amakhethini akhula abe ngu-12 cm ubude nama-3 cm ubukhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zalezi butterflies ezingajwayelekile ezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi zonke ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele: amasentimitha ayi-15 kuya kwayi-18 ngamaphiko. Kulokhu babebizwa ngokuthi amaphiko ezinyoni. Kodwa lapho sebehlathini laseNew Guinea, babamba ngengozi eyodwa yezithombe ezintsha, noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo, ososayensi abangaziwa. Le nhlobo entsha yanikezwa igama elithi Alexandra, ukuhlonipha ubuhle beNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi, unkosikazi weNkosi yaseGreater Edward VII. Ngempela, leli bhabhathane lalibukeka njengendlovukazi phakathi kwezinyoni ezinamaphiko - amaphiko alo afinyelela amasentimitha angama-20. Ukuphela kwesimo esawela ezandleni zososayensi kwavela owesilisa. Kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi abesilisa be-Ornithopter bahlala beincane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Imuphi umdondoshiya wezwe lesinambuzane okufanele ube ngowesifazane waleli bhungane elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili? Bamsesha, bangena emajukujukwini ehlathi, babuza izakhamizi zendawo - kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya.

Iminyaka yadlula. Ngo-1906, umqoqi wezinambuzane u-A.S. Mick wazulazula eNew New Guinea, umuntu onqumayo futhi onegazi elibandayo. Ngaleyo minyaka, bambalwa abahambi ababezohambela lo mhlaba ongafakwanga. UMick wagibela enhliziyweni yeNew Guinea, lapho unyawo lwaseYurophu lwalungakangeni. Wake wahlala ethendeni eliseduze nomfula omncane, ehlelela izinambuzane eziqoqwe phakathi nosuku, futhi ngokuzumayo wabheka phezulu. Iphakeme, iphakeme igebe eliphakathi kwezihloko zezihlahla ezinkulu, kwakukhanya uhlobo oluthile lwenyoni. Cha, hhayi inyoni - izinambuzane ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi uMick wayethathwa njengomuntu ozinqumayo: wasilayisha ngokushesha isibhamu sakhe ngesibhamu esincane kunazo zonke, wadutshulwa, kwathi uvemvane omkhulu, ocishe wacishe waquleka, wawela ezinyaweni zakhe. Amasentimitha angama-28 ngamaphiko. Ngokushesha uMick wabona ukuthi uvemvane aludubulile wayengowesifazane ongaziwa wenganekwane ka-Ornithoptera Alexandra.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, izinkambo zesayensi ziya ngokuya zivakashela ihlathi laseGuinea elisha. Kancane kancane wakwazi ukuqoqa imininingwane mayelana nezindawo zokuhlala zeNdlovukazi yamaButterflies. Kwavela ukuthi izimpiko zezinyoni zika-Alexander zihlala emagedeni ambalwa eceleni kwemifula empumalanga yeNew Guinea, futhi ngisho nalapho ayenzeki ngobuningi. Izimbali ezibizwa ngokuthi i-aristolochia, eziyondla umpe, ziqhakaza phezulu ezihlahleni zezihlahla, kanti uvemvane akudingeki ukuthi lwehle, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukulubamba.

Ngemuva kwalokho ososayensi baheha usizo lwabahlali bendawo - amaPapuans, futhi ngokushesha iminyuziyamu edumile yacetshiswa ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinkulu zam uvemvane emhlabeni. Ukube iminyuziyamu kuphela! INdlovukazi u-Alexandra waba nentshisekelo kubantu okwatholakala ukuthi inqwaba yamaphepha asedola amadola abukeka emuhle kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi indalo enhle kakhulu yendalo. Amapeni, ukuthenga izimvemvane kumaPapuans, azithengisela amakhulu namakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaphawundi kubaqoqi bamafutha bezinto ezingekho emthethweni. Igugu eliphilayo lavela endalini nasezitolo zezindawo ezazitholakala emadolobheni aseYurophu, eMelika, eJapan. Ukuze bangachithi amandla ekuzingeleni okuvelele kovemvane, abazingeli bazitholele isiqoqana sokuqoqa amaphungane kanye namacimbi okulungele ukuqothuka futhi bakhiphe izimvemvane kubo bezithengisa. Futhi yini ebaluleke kubo ukuthi imvelo yayisizolahlekelwa omunye umhlobiso wayo omuhle kakhulu, ukuthi maduze nje kuphela izilinganiso zemnyuziyamu ezaziphelelwe isikhathi zingakhumbuza uvemvane olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni?

Iziphathimandla zathatha iphiko leNdlovukazi u-Alexandra ngaphansi kokuvikelwa, kanti ukugqogqwa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-butterflies amakhulu kwakungekho emthethweni. Kepha abambalwa abasindayo basongelwa ngokuqothulwa kwehlathi elisha. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eLamington ngo-1951 kwacekela phansi amamitha ayi-250. km yendawo yokuhlala yemvelo yalesi zinhlobo zezimvemvane, okuyisona sizathu esikhulu sokusabalalisa kwabo okungandile. Amacimbi e-Alexandra adla emaqabungeni enhlobo eyodwa kuphela yezitshalo. Lesi sitshalo senza amaqanda le uvemvane azibeka enobuthi. Amakhukhunathi avela kamuva anethuba lokugwema isiphetho sokudliwa, ngoba anambitheka ongathandeki kakhulu ezinyoni nakwabanye abazingelayo abaningi.

Isazi semishini esidumile uRichard Carver washesha ukusiza i-Queen of Butterflies. Ngobunzima obukhulu bokuqoqa inani elincane lamacimbi kanye nezibungu, wabanikela emagumbini akude kakhulu alesi siqhingi, angafinyeleleki kumapulangwe, noma kubavakashi abaziqhenyayo, noma kubazingeli bezinyamazane. Vele, kulezi zingxenye i-aristolochia ikhula ngobuningi - ukudla okujwayelekile kwamacimbi. Zikuphi lezi zindawo ezivikelwe, ungayithola kanjani imfihlo yezazi ezintsha zezilwane zaseGuinea.

Konke lokhu kwakwaziwa uBernard d "Abrera, ngakho-ke akazange akholelwe enhlanhleni. Akakholwanga kakhulu, kepha akazange alahle ithemba. D" Abrera ukwazile ukuthola i-aristolochia. Ehlola iqabunga ngalinye ngokucophelela, wafuna isikhathi eside abajwayelene nezincazelo nemidwebo yezimbungulu, kodwa zazingatholakali. Vele, zazingekho izimvemvane.

Ngemuva kwalokho umthwebuli zithombe waqala ukungabaza abantu bendawo. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi abazi lutho ngo-Alexander wing wezinyoni, noma bathula ngokubukeka okungaqondakali. Kepha umthwebuli wezithombe wezwa sengathi abanye babo bazi okuthile. Wafunga ukuthi akamdingi uQueen Alexandra uqobo, kepha isithombe sakhe, ukuthi ungumngane wemvelo futhi uzogcina eyimfihlo lapho kuhlala khona uvemvane, ebuza, eqinisekisa, egcizelela. Futhi uyaqiniseka.

Ngolunye usuku ekuseni, kusa nje, kwafika ihlokomo engajwayelekile: umthwebuli zithombe walengiswa ngemishini nabangane bakhe abasha. Amahembe aminywe izithukuthuku, izigidi zomiyane nomiyane zikhuphuka emehlweni, ezindlebeni, emakhaleni, zabanjiswa ezinweleni, izintuthwane ezinkulu ezingamasentimitha amathathu zawa zawa kabuhlungu. Futhi konke lokhu kuhlukunyezwa ngenxa yezinyoni zika-Alexandra! Lapho amabutho ephelelwa yisikhathi, abangane baka d "Abrera bayeka. Ngaleso sikhathi, umthwebuli wezithombe wabona ephepheni le-aristolochia umhlanga omnyama velvety obukeka njengenyoka encane. Omunye, omunye, owesithathu. Ngemuva kwalokho onodoli beNdlovukazi u-Alexandra baqala ukuhlangana." kanye ne-pupae. Amehlo akhe athe njo aqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi enye ye-pupae ebukeka njengebhabhathane isizophuma kuyo. Kepha ukuhwalala kwakuqina. Ngenxa yomiyane nomiyane onamanyala, bekungenzeki ukulala ubusuku ehlathini, ngakho uDkt Abrera nabangane bakhe banqume ukuza lapha kusasa.

Ngakusasa ekuseni, ehudula esihlahleni, d "Abrera akazange anake noma omiyane noma izintuthwane ezimbi. Wacabanga ukuthi wayezothatha kanjani ukuzalwa kwesimvemvane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Nakhu, indawo efisiwe. Late: chrysalis alunalutho. Kepha cha.Eduze, ngokuziqhenya lisakaza amaphiko ayo amakhulu amnyama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindaweni ezimhlophe qhwa qhwa, indlovukazi esanda kuzalwa yayihlala. Chofoza - bese isithombe esivelakancane sithathwa. Izimpiko ezinkulu zeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra zaconsa, imisebe yaqala ukunyakaza - futhi uvemvane lwahamba. Undize kancane futhi ngokubabazekayo, njengoba kufanele indlovukazi. Njengokungathi bafuna ukumangalisa umcabango wabantu, ukwenziwa izinyoni kuka-Alexander kuchaze umbuthano onomoya emoyeni ngaphezu kwamakhanda abo, wabe esekhuphuka wanyamalala. Ngokuthula, ngokubabaza, bambuka “d” Abrera nabangane bakhe. D “U-Abrera wayazi ukuthi ayikho into angayiphupha ngemidwebo yenkosi, abesilisa abavamile kakhulu kunabesifazane, banamahloni futhi bahlala imfihlo ikakhulukazi.

Ubuyele ePort Moresby ukundiza ekhaya esuka lapho eya e-Australia. Umthwebuli wezithombe wayenesikhathi esincane, futhi wanquma ukuthatha uhambo ngomgwaqo omkhulu ongaphansi kwedolobha.

Izihlahla zeBougainvillea ezitshalwe eceleni komgwaqo, zinezimbali ezimnyama zepinki, zavimba umgwaqo omkhulu emasimini ekhofi. Njengokujwayelekile, izimvemvane ezikhanyayo zazizungeza izimbali. Futhi ngokuzumayo d "u-Abrera wabona phakathi kwawo enkulu enkulu ngokungajwayelekile. Izandla zomthwebuli zafinyelela ikhamera. Kepha uvemvane omangalisayo wazungeza kakhulu phezulu esiqongweni sesihlahla samamitha ayi-12.

Ngokuphazima kweso, enye uvemvane, evame kakhulu, ishaqiswe ukushisa, noma mhlawumbe idakwe umpe wezimbali, ngaphandle kwesizathu yangena kumfokazi ongaqondakali futhi yadansa eduze kwakhe. Ngokucacile akazange akuthande lokhu kwazi. Wahlelela phansi kamnandi wathela phansi ngezimbali ze-bougainvillea eduze kakhulu nomthwebuli wezithombe. Ngaphansi kwesisindo somdondoshiya, igatsha eligoqiwe ngezimbali lanyakaza futhi lehliswa.

Yebo, kwakuyinkosi yezimvemvane. Njenge ncwajana endala, amaphiko ayo aluhlaza okotshani, avezwe ngemigqa emnyama, akhazimula. D "U-Abrera uhlungiwe.

Yini enye engingayengeza? Izithombe zokukhishwa kwezinyoni zikaNdlovukazi u-Alexandra zavela ezinyathelisiwe. Manje wonke umuntu angabazisa. Izithombe zika "Abrera azizenzi ize njengoba zibizwa ngezithombe ezaziwa kakhulu zalekhulu. Kungekudala, omunye umuntu uzoba nenhlanhla yokuthatha lesi simangaliso esiphilayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke," u-Abreka ugcine izwi lakhe wanikezwa abangane bakhe: wachaza ngokuningiliziwe umhlangano nendlovukazi, indawo lapho lo mhlangano wenzeka khona, nendlela eya kuwo. Umthwebuli wezithombe wagcina imfihlo.

Ekuphetheni kwalo msebenzi, ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi le nhlobo ingeyo esigabeni sabasengozini, ifakiwe ohlwini lweLepidoptera, okuthekelisa, kuthumela kwamanye amazwe futhi kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe kulawulwa ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano se-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna noFlora. Futhi, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwenani lamavemvane ale nhlobo ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, izinhlobo ze-Ornithoptera alexandrae zifakiwe ohlwini lwezilwane ezivinjelwe ukubanjwa. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo uvemvane lubonwa njengehlukile futhi lugcina selusengozini. Kuyadingeka ukulondolozela ubunyoninco bemvelo yomhlaba wethu futhi kuvikele ubuhle bomhlaba!

ISITHOMBE 1. Indawo yokuhlala yeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra's birdwing.

Umdwebo 2. Owesifazane nowesilisa.

3. UPupa weNdlovukazi u-Alexandra.

Umdwebo 5. Papuan kanye nokuhlalwa kwezinyoni kweNdlovukazi u-Alexandra.

Umdwebo 6 I-birdwing Queen u-Alexandra.

Umdwebo 7 I-birdwing Queen u-Alexandra.

I-Bibliography.

1.L. V. Kaabak, A.V. Sochivko Butterflies of the world / G. Vilchek. - EMoscow: Avanta +, 2003 .-- Isigaba 86. - 184 k. - (Okuhle kakhulu futhi kudumile). - Amakhophi angama-10,000. -

2.B. Landman Butterflies. I-Illustrated Encyclopedia / Science. umbuyekezi Divakova S. V. - eMoscow: Labyrinth Press, 2002. - P. 71. - 272 k. - (I-Illustrated Encyclopedia).

3. I-Ornithoptera alexandrae: imininingwane kuwebhusayithi yeRed Book.

I-birdwing Queen u-Alexandra.
UMbuso: izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: i-arthropod (Arthropoda).
Iklasi: izinambuzane (Insecta).
Oda: Lepidoptera.
Umndeni: izikebhe zesikebhe (i-Papilionidae).
Uhlobo: Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera).
Izinhlobo: Izinyoni zikaNdlovukazi u-Alexandra (i-Ornithoptera alexandrae).
Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini "ornithopter" sisho "inyoni." Uvemvane lwaqanjwa igama lakhe ngo-1907 ngenxa yeNkosi Lord Walter Rothschild. Wamqamba igama lokuthi ahloniphe unkosikazi ka-Edward VII Alexandra waseDenmark, iNdlovukazi yaseGreat Britain kanye ne-Ireland, kanye ne-Empress of India.
Habitat
Njengamanje, izinhlobo zihlala endaweni enomkhawulo eningizimu mpumalanga yePapua New Guinea. Itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-155 ngenhla kolwandle emahlathini asezansi agudle ulwandle kanye nama-gorges amancane eceleni kwemifula yesifundazwe sase-Oro eduze nesiGodi sasePopondetta. Uvemvane lukhetha ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwalo imiqhele nemiqhele, kwesinye isikhathi ukwehlela emhlabathini. Phambilini, inyoni enamaphiko yayitholakala ngisho nasezintabeni - engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Owen Stanley Range. Kulapho ukuthi ngoJanuwari 1906, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1700 ngaphezu kolwandle, u-Albert Stuart Mick, umsizi wamabhange kanye nesazi sezilwane uWalter Rothschild, waqala wabamba owesimame walolu hlobo.
Ukubukeka
Iphiko lenyoni, noma i-ornithopter, yeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra luvemvane olukhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-dimorphism yezocansi iphinyiselwa kakhulu - kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukukholwa ukuthi owesilisa nowesilisa bangabezinhlobo ezifanayo. Abesifazane bakhulu: ngobude bomzimba obungu-8 cm, ubude bamaphiko abo ayindilinga bufika ku-28 cm. Izimpiko nesisu zipendwe ngombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe, ukhilimu noma amabala aphuzi. Uhlangothi olungezansi lwamaphiko lunephethini yasekuqaleni enamagqabha ahlukanisiwe emithanjeni - nguyena owenza ukuthi kuhlukaniswe insikazi yalolu hlobo kolunye uhlobo lwe-ornithopter. Isisindo sovemvane singafinyelela ku-g 12. Abesilisa bangaphansi kwabesifazane. Izimpiko zazo ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka zichazwe emigqeni emnyama. Ifana nencwajana yakudala futhi emincane kunenye i-ornithopter, ifana nezinsimbi zentyatyambo ekhexisayo yasendaweni eshisayo. Ububanzi bufika ku-17-20 cm.
Indlela Yokuphila Nebhayoloji
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa uvemvane uhlala izinyanga ezine. Umuntu omdala uhlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kuyo yonke impilo yabo, izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda angama-27 anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho kuvela khona amacimbi. Anombala omnyama velvety omnyama kanye nomucu omude wekhilimu omude, afinyelela ku-12 cm ubude. Okokuqala zondla egobolondweni leqanda lazo, bese emaqabungeni ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-aristolochia creepers (Aristolochia spp.), Aqukethe ama-acid anobuthi abulala ama-vertebrates. Ukuqongelela lezi zinto, isibungu sithola ukunambitheka okungathandeki kwezinyoni nezinye izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, okukuvumela ukuba zivikeleke. I-pupa yesimvemvane iphuzi ngegolide noma i-tan enamabala amnyama. Ubude bawo buyi-9 cm, ubukhulu bawo bungama-cm ama-3. Kuthatha cishe amaviki ayisithupha ukusuka esigabeni seqanda ukuya ekwakhekeni kwe-pupa; ukuguqulwa kwepupa kube ngumuntu omdala kuthatha cishe inyanga noma ngaphezulu. Uvemvane oludala luvame ukuvela ekuqaleni kokusa, lapho umswakama ulukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba ilanga liphakame futhi lishise kakhulu futhi lome, lesi sinambuzane siyakwazi ukusabalalisa amaphiko aso ngokuphelele. Abantu abadala badla ikakhulukazi ngezimbali ezinkulu, ezinjenge-hibiscus. Zindiza kahle, zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Kungeniswe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu
Phambilini, iphiko leNdlovukazi u-Alexandra latholakala cishe kuyo yonke impumalanga yeNew Guinea. Isizathu sokuhanjiswa okungajwayelekile kwezinhlobo kwakuwukuncipha okukhulu kwendawo yemvelo. Ngo-1951, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo iLamington kwaqothula cishe ama-250 km2 endaweni yokuhlala eyinhloko yaleli bhungane elimangalisayo, elathinta kakhulu usayizi walo. Ukudonswa kwamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo ukudala ukwakhiwa kwezihlahla zesundu zePancake ngesonto nakho kuthintekile.
Umthetho wokuvikela umhlaba wezilwane, owamukelwa ePapua New Guinea ngawo-1970, uvimbele ukunyamalala ngokuphelele kwesinambuzane, kepha wahluleka ukuyeka ukuzingela. Iphiko leNdlovukazi u-Alexandra, ngenxa yokutholakala kwalo okukhulu, lisaziswa kakhulu ngabaqoqi futhi libiza imali eningi emakethe emnyama.

Izinyoni Zendlovukazi u-Alexandra

Ukukhishwa inyoni kukaNdlovukazi u-Alexandra kungabizwa ngokuthi inkosi uvemvane. Izimpiko zayo ezinkulu ezinamaphiko we-170-200 mm zikhanyise ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Mancane kunezinye izinyoni ezinamaphiko, ezifana namaqabunga esitshalo esishisayo.

Owesifazane uhluke kakhulu kowesilisa. Kukhulu kakhulu: ubude bamaphiko ayo amakhulu bufinyelela ku-280 mm - lokhu kungaphezu kwaleliya uvemvane olunye usuku. Kepha ngokukhazimula nobuhle bungaphansi kowesilisa: emaphikweni alo amnyama ansundu kukhona umhlobiso okhilimu kanye “nemivimbo” ephuzi yobumba obuhlukahlukene. Iphethini eyinqayizivele yohlangothi olungaphansi lwamaphiko olunemibala ehlukene ebanzi emithanjeni ikuvumela ukuba uhlukanise ngokushesha iNdlovukazi u-Alexandra enamaphiko ezinsikazi kwezinye izinhlobo zamaphiko ezinyoni.
Isibungu salolu hlobo lwezimvemvane simnyama ívevety omucu omude okhilimu ufinyelela ku-12 cm ubude, kuthi ipupa libe ngu-9 cm (ububanzi obungama-8 cm). Inyamazane yenyoni enamaphiko yeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra, njengenye i-ornithopter, idla amaqabunga ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-aristolochian creeper, yingakho lezi zimvemvane kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi amaphiko e-aristolochia. AmaButterflies aphila cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Le ornithopter inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Usongo olukhulu kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokutshala kwezandla zikakhukhunathi, izihlahla zikakhukhunathi kanye nenjoloba, kuthatha indawo yazo yemvelo.

Indawo yokuhlala ilinganiselwe: ezinye izindawo zehlathi lemvula laseTropondetta Valley (Papua New Guinea). Kutholakala lapho kuphela ama-kirkason ka-Dils - okuwukuphela kwesitshalo esiqhamuka emndenini we-kirkason lapho abesifazane bakwa-Alexandra bethela amaqanda abo. Phambilini, iphiko lezinyoni elimangalisayo laphinde latholakala ezintabeni - engxenyeni esenyakatho ne-Owen Stanley Range. Lapho ukhetha isitshalo sokuzalela amaqanda, uvemvane lukhethe ngokweqile, kanti amacimbi awakhethi kangako. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi zingondla ngamaqabunga ezinye izitshalo ze-kircasone. Umjikelezo ophelele wokukhula kusuka eqandeni uye uvemvane kuthatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezine.

Izimpaphe uvemvane byak-byak-byak-byak.

🐾 Njengoba sekuzwisisiwe kakade, inkulumo eposini izokwenzelwe i-lepidoptera, okungukuthi, izimvemvane, noma kunalokho, mayelana ne-hawthorn. Uma une-insectophobia noma i-arthropods imane nje ingathandeki - bheka nje leati lasehlathini laseNorway! Kubukhali, kunesihluku, kuyi-fluffy! 🦁

Konke okunye ukufundwa - ngiyakwamukela futhi ngiyajabula ukukubona!

Ukuthi ngikho konke mayelana nezicabucabu nama-scolopendras. Laba bantu bacacisiwe hhayi ekuthandweni yiwo wonke umuntu, ngoba abanye bayasaba amakhowe. Futhi angibasoli, ngingathatha i-scolopendra ezandleni zami, kepha ngaphambi kokuhlasela nokushaya kwenhliziyo kwesilenge sami sesikhumba ngiyasaba omiyane abanezinyawo ezinde.
Futhi @jetoffsky, ngiyaxolisa, angizukubhala nge-argiop, lapha - iSuper 8 # 13.9 itshelwa okungcono kakhulu futhi kukhona nezibonelo zokulunywa kulesi spider.

Futhi namhlanje ngizonciphisa okuthunyelwe kwami ​​ngesidalwa esijabulisayo kakhulu - i-hawker. Sekukonke, ama-hawks awumndeni ongowokuhlaselwa yizimvemvane ezahlukahlukene.
Kepha kunjalo ngale mininingwane, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ama-moths (nayo futhi enembile), kepha ezinye zazo zimane nje zihle kakhulu!
Isibonelo lokhu Inundu lezimbongi laseVenezuelan:

Futhi nakhu - inundu elimnyama le-maple:

Abafana abahle kakhulu.
Kepha kunokubuka okukodwa. Ubizwa ulimi noma hummingbird. Futhi lokhu ngempela kuwukubhibilika komhlaba wezinambuzane!

Futhi waqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yendlela yokudla. Njengama-hummingbird, i-hawk ayihlali kulesi simila, kodwa "ilenga" emoyeni phambi kwembali futhi iveze imbala yayo.

Hhayi i-hummingbird, kepha kuyazama. Ngenxa yobukhulu nangendlela abazondla ngayo lezi zinambuzane, abaningi baphutha ngokweqiniso ama-hummingbirds. Kepha ngokungafani nezinyoni, amabhu awanombala okhanyayo kangako.

I-hawk ngokwayo ayiyona enkulu phakathi kwabesilisa bezizwe, amaphiko yi-40-50 mm. Imbozwe ngaphezulu, njenganoma iyiphi inundu yokuzihlonipha, ene-fluff (imvamisa, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-flakes, kepha makube yi-fluff), okwakha ibhulashi ekugcineni kwesidumbu sezinundu. Kukhona “imisindo” evikela ngaphezu kwamehlo, futhi ngamehlo uqobo kukhona inkohliso yomfundi.

Lolu hlobo luthanda ukuhamba, ngakho-ke lufuduka nomaphi lapho lungakwazi khona, luhlala lapho kukhefu lamahlathi nasemapaki ngesikhathi sekhefu. Sekuke kwaba khona nezimo zaleli hawk eYakutsk. Mhlawumbe indiza i-GLONASS.

Kepha ngokuyisisekelo le nhlobo, empeleni, iyakuthanda ukushisa futhi, njengenyoni, ifuduka namakhaza iye eningizimu. Ungahlangana naye ehlobo eKarelia, Amur Region, Southern and Middle Urals, Sakhalin. Kepha i-hawk ebusika eSouth India.

Futhi angikwazi ukuthola ukuthi ngingayiqeda kanjani i-opus ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke nansi uvemvane olubizwa ngokuthi i-White Sorceress

Ukuvalwa kwezinambuzane

Izithombe zami eziningana ezithathwe ngezikhathi ezihlukile.
Labo abangazithandi izinambuzane nokunye udoti onemilenze eminingi - kungcono ukungafundi okuqhubekayo. Kusukela eminyakeni emithathu bengilokhu ngithanda ama-arthropods nezinye izilwane. Uma umuntu efunda incwadi kaDarrell ethi “Umndeni Wami Nezinye Izilwane” - lokhu kumayelana nami. Futhi lokhu okuthunyelwe kungokwalabo abathanda izinambuzane. Futhi yebo, kuzoba nezicabucabu futhi (okwesabekayo!) Ama-Flytraps.
Uma ngenze iphutha ekuchazeni uhlobo lwendawo ethile endaweni ethile, ngingajabula uma kukhona olilungisa.

IGalatea (Melanargia galathea). Usuhlaselwe muhle kakhulu empilweni yakhe. UWiki manje uthole ngaye iqiniso iqiniso elithandekayo:
IGalatea ibekela amaqanda, iwaphosa emoyeni noma ihlale kusekela eliphansi futhi isakaze izigaxa zotshani. Ngemuva kokuqandusela eqandeni, ama-larva ngokushesha aqhela futhi aqala ukondla entwasahlobo kuphela, lapho kukhula utshani obusha.
Ephonsa emoyeni. Imvamisa, nokho, izimvemvane zibeka amaqanda endaweni ethile. Imvamisa - kusitshalo sokudla.

Amanga motley Amata phegea. Noma ingabe yi-Amata nigricornis?
Zindiza njengezingwenya ezivela ihlaya - ziphansi futhi zihamba kancane. Ukucabanga kabusha kwezingane zasenkulisa - indlela engizibamba ngayo lezi zimvemvane, ngizigxobe phansi, bese ngizibeka esandleni sami futhi ngizibuka zindiza futhi.

I-Loopwort (i-Agrius confolvuli)
Isidalwa esihlekisayo. Uyabona ukuthi unobuhle kangakanani. Ngendlela, nawo afudumele. I-Brazhniki - amaflaya amahle kakhulu phakathi kwezimvemvane. Bheka nje ukwakheka komzimba nezimpiko. Shesha ku-60 km / h. Kepha ukuze indize, kudingeka ifudumale njengemoto. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokundiza, kunyakazisa amaphiko awo imizuzu embalwa, kufudumeza umzimba. Futhi badinga "uboya" ukuze bufudumale. Futhi yebo, uma ubamba i-hawk ezindizayo - izofudumala ngisho nangobusuku obupholile. Kepha kungcono ungenzi lokhu, bonke lobu buhle obuthambile buzohlala ezandleni zakho. Isikali seButterfly asilona uboya; zivela ngomthelela omncane.
Ngo-Agasti, kwake kwaba nezikhulu eziningi ezinohlaza onsomi olwandle. Futhi kwakuzwakala njalo izibabuli ezinomdlandla: "Hheyi, nansi induna!" Ngokuyinhloko, ungadida. Ukuziphatha kuyefana. Kepha ama-hummingbirds awatholakali lapha. Kepha ama-hawmingbird-size size, impela aseningizimu yezwe. Nginenhlanhla, ngihlala eRostov-on-Don. Ngomuntu othanda izinambuzane - indawo enhle kakhulu.

Futhi isibungu sakhe. Mncane nge umvimba, mfushane kuphela. Ngonyaka wokuvuna, ukuhamba ngesitebhisi, usuku ongathola kulo inqwaba yawo.

Futhi njengoba sakhumbula ngeHogwarts, nansi enye.
I-Euphorbiaceae (iHyles euphorbiae). Kubukeka sengathi anginaso isithombe esihle sikavemvane ngekhwalithi enhle. Kepha kukhona isibungu, sizokhanya ukwedlula uvemvane. Isibungu sanoma iyiphi i-hawk kulula ukusihlukanisa kwezinye izimvemvane. Banophondo emhlane.

Ekhuluma ngezimpondo. Lokhu kubukeka sengathi ukuphela kokuphela kwesibungu segwababa. Yikuphi hawker, angikhumbuli :(

Futhi ukuqeda labo abesaba ama-arthropods (arthropodophobes?), Nayi i-flytrap.
Kuningi okukhulunyiwe ngaye ePicabu. Isidalwa esingenangozi ngokuphelele, futhi siyasebenziseka. Kepha manje sengizembula imfihlo yami uqobo. Imfihlo yakhe eyihlazo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngiyabesaba! Yebo, ngiyakwazi ukuthola izingadi ezigcwele zhmenu. Zihamba zipholile ngesandla. Ngingathatha i-python esifubeni sami ngiye komunye umkhawulo wedolobha. Lapho ngibona uvemvane omkhulu kakhulu wasebusuku, ngenza isimo sokuzingela, futhi ngizoqhubeka ngivunyelwe ngamandla ukubanjwa.
Kepha ngiyakubona, flytrap! Kubangela ukuzamazama okungokwemvelo. Futhi ezweni ligcwele. uma uyolala ubone ukuthi ugaqa kanjani udonga, uyakhanya. Futhi banamahloni. Ngoba ukuqonda ngokuphelele ukuthi akanabungozi. Futhi-ke, wena Isazi sebhayiloji esibi. Futhi nakhu ihlazo elinje.
Lokhu okulandelayo kungisizile: Ngabamba i-flycatcher futhi ngiyigcina ekhaya e-terrarium, phakathi kwe-tarantula, i-scolopendra kanye ne-scorpion. Wamphathisa amachaphaza amancane, amanzi. Futhi uyazi, kwasiza! Hhayi ukuthi ngathandana nabo, kodwa ngaya kwesaba okuncane. Ngincoma kunoma ngubani osaba izilwane ezinje. Ukwesaba izicabucabu - zitholele i-tarantula. Vele, lokhu kufanelekile kulabo ingqondo ehambisa imizwa kubo, hhayi okuphambene nalokho.

Kusukela siqhubeke ngamamilayidi, nansi i-scolopendra eqapha inzalo yayo.I-scolopendra ebanjwe e-terrarium yabeka amaqanda, futhi 'yababopha,' beyisonga. Ngemuva kwalokho izingane zazalwa, futhi ekuqaleni nazo zazimhlophe, zithambile futhi zingasizi ngalutho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela abancane ukuthi baphunyuke lapho bezimele. Encane, angena kunoma yiliphi igebe. Futhi bafa eflethini, ngoba yome kakhulu.

Futhi leli bhungane libizwa nge- bronzovka. ENingizimu yethu, igama lakhe nguMay bug. Okungukuthi, yiphutha. La mabhungane amabili awafani. Ngabe usibone kuphi isihogo esiluhlaza? Kepha, njengoba singenamabhungane kaMay ezintabeni, zibizwa ngokuthi lezo zinambuzane ezibonakala ngoMeyi. I-Bronze yethusi yaqokelwa indima yebhungane likaMay ngokuchofoza ukulamana kweCossack. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezifanayo. Ngubani ngempela kulesi sithombe, angazi. Ngokunokwenzeka, iGolide Bronze (Cetonia aurata).
Bangandiza ngaphandle kokuphakamisa i-elytra. Izintambo zikhishwa ohlangothini, futhi i-elytra enzima ihlala icindezelwe emzimbeni. Futhi unganamatheli, njengazo zonke ezinye izimbungulu, ukonakalisa wonke ama-aerodynamics.

Uma iposi lingena, ngizokwenza okuningi. Nginezithombe eziningi ezinjalo, futhi ngingakutshela okuthile okuthokozisayo iningi lalezinambuzane. Uma umuntu enentshisekelo yokuqhubeka - bhala. Futhi ngasiphi isimo - isithombe nje (yize lokhu sekuphelele), noma ngendaba eningilizayo ngesinambuzane ngasinye, noma nendaba enkulu ngohlobo oluthile / umndeni.

Izintuthwane: Cogs ezisebenza kanzima zomshini “wombuso” noma izilwane zomphakathi ezikhululekile nezihlakaniphile? Ingxenye 2

Ukuqhubeka kombhalo wenkulumo kaZhanna Reznikova eSithangamini “Ososayensi Ngokuphikisana Nezinganekwane-11” ngo-Okthoba 19, 2019

Futhi manje udokotela wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, lo odumile wesayensi, u-Alexander Markov ufuna ukubuza umbuzo. Alexander, ulapha? Ngiyacela unikeze u-Alexander imakrofoni.

U-Alexander Markov: Ngiyabonga, Zhanna Ilinichna, ngenkulumo ethokozisayo kakhulu. Ngilungiselele umbuzo, mina, ngemvume yakho, ngizokhomba ephepheni.

Umbuzo ngesiko. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ekuziphendukeleni komuntu, isiko lidlale indima enkulu futhi singakhuluma ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwemvelo kanye namasiko. Isibonelo, ukubukeka nokuthuthuka kwamathuluzi athile wamatshe kuholela, ngokufanele, ekuguqukeni kwendlela yokuphila namasiko, futhi lokhu kuguqula indlela ekhethiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu baqala ukuthuthukisa uhlobo oluthile lokuguqulwa kokuphilayo noma kwengqondo okwandisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zabo kulesi simo esisha, lapho kunale mathuluzi, kunenkambiso yokusebenzisa kwabo, njalonjalo nokunye. Futhi manje kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi ngesiko lezilwane. Noma, uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa igama elithi "isiko", ungalifaka ngokuthile. Kepha ngokuvamile, sikhuluma ngohlobo oluthile lwezimpawu zokuziphatha, izici ezithile zokuziphatha, amakhono athile adluliswa ngokufunda kwezenhlalo kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Futhi manje bathola izakhi zesiko ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kumakhampane, ngokwesibonelo. Lapho, emaqenjini athile, abantu abathile basika amantongomane ngandlela-thile, kwamanye ngendlela ehlukile, emaqenjini esithathu abazi ukuthi bangawanquma kanjani amantongomane. Lokhu ngokusobala akuyona neze indlela yokuziphatha ngaphakathi, akuyona imvelo. Futhi nakwezinye izilwane ezahlukahlukene: kuma-tits, kokunye ukungafundi okufunda komunye nomunye izindlela zokufuduka kwesizini, ngisho naseDrosophila, muva nje kuye kwaba nesihloko esithi kubonakala sinamasiko esiko.

Ngakho-ke bengifuna ukubuza, kanjani namasiko ezintuthwane? Kubukeka sengathi banakho konke lokhu, konke abakudingayo, ngokuqeqeshwa kwezenhlalo, konke kuhamba kahle nabo. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona kunkulumo yakho, badlulisela imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi komunye nomunye. Imemori, ubuhlakani, ubunzima, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ezoxazululwa - yonke into ibonakala yanele kubo ukwakha isiko, amasiko amasiko, mhlawumbe nokuvela kwesiko. Umbuzo wami uthi: ngabe ukhona ofunda lokhu? Isibonelo, ingabe bukhona ubufakazi bokuthi emndenini wezinyamazana inkinga ethile eyinkimbinkimbi ixazululwa ngenye yezindlela eziningana ezikhona, kwenye - kwenye? Ngoba izintuthwane zithola, ngokwesibonelo, ama-scouts, uhlobo oluthile lwesisombululo, khona-ke abanye bafunda kubo futhi leli khono liyagcinwa. Ngabe ukuqoqwa kwamakhono anjalo kungenzeka emindenini yezintuthwane? Futhi uma kungekho noma idatha encane ngalokhu, ke ungazami ukukwenza? Emnyangweni wethu, ngokwesibonelo, sifuna nokufunda izintuthwane. Ngakho-ke ngiyabonga.

UZhanna Reznikova: Ngiyabonga, Alexander! Umbuzo ujule futhi ubanzi kakhulu, uyamangalisa impela. Ngizozama ukuphendula kafushane. Okokuqala, yebo, impela, ayikho idatha enjalo, kufaka phakathi eyethu. Kunobunzima obukhulu ubuchwepheshe ukuhambisa amakhono athile amasiko ezingeni lomndeni omkhulu. Lokhu kufanele kube ngamaqembu amakhulu esisebenza ngawo, sicwaninga ukudluliswa kwemininingwane evela kubo. Futhi ezingeni labancane, njengoba sibona, abadingi amakhono ayinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuvamile, impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ngabe lokhu kwenziwa kanjani, kulokhu, yebo, kulungile, kufanele kubhekwane nakho. Ngifuna ukudonsela ukunakekela eqinisweni lokuthi udaba lwamasiko namasiko ezilwane uqobo luyinkimbinkimbi nayo.

Ngakho-ke ngifundise eminyakeni eminingana edlule: “Ngabe izilwane zinamasiko?” ku-Polit.ru. Futhi kusukela lapho kwavela imininingwane emisha, kepha empeleni umbono wami awukashintshi. Amasiko amasiko wezimpimpane, lapho amanye amaqembu enekhono lokusebenzisa amatshe ekudleni nasekubulaleni ugebhe oluyingozi, kanti amanye, yize kungukuthi nawo amashimpanzi amahle kakhulu, ahlala kwenye indawo kuphela, kwenye indawo yokubhuka, abanye ngenxa yesizathu esithile abukho ikhono elinjalo. Sisekelwa kanjani lesi sikhungo samasiko esintu?

Ngicabanga ukuthi impendulo yalo mbuzo ilele komunye umbuzo: kungani, uma izingulule zinamasiko amasiko, zihlala zinqunu emvuleni? Futhi impendulo yilokhu: ngoba amakhono abasunguli basatshalaliswa endaweni engabonakali kakhulu yabathwali bezinhlobo zezingqophamlando. Iqiniso ngukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 eyedlule, uJane Goodall waphawula ngesibalo sabantu abasebenzisa imishimpane bengasebenzisi amatshe, izingane ezimbili zentsha ezisebenzisa ngempumelelo la matshe. Futhi ubelindele nje ukuthi eminyakeni engama-20-30 leli qembu lizolisebenzisa kahle. Cha, lokhu okusha kufe nezithwali zakhona, noma okungenani kwafa. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yami yilokhu: uma ubona amasiko ezilwane, gxila ekuziphatheni kwabo futhi uzothola lapho umbono wokuphamba khona uzokwenza izenzo ezithile. Futhi uthisha omuhle kakhulu wezilwane uyifa, okungenani kwabaningi babo. Akukhona ngamathuba ukuthi incwadi yami yaseCambridge, manje ngilungiselela uhlelo lwayo olusha olusha olwenziwe kabusha, oluzokhishwa ngonyaka ka-2021, uma ngiyengeza, futhi ngilinikezela kubuhlakani bezilwane emazingeni ehlukene. Kepha esahluko esikhulu kunazo zonke esisikhuthazayo sinikezelwe ekuziphatheni okungaphakathi kwezilwane, okusobala ukuthi kusezandleni zobungcweti engikhulume ngabo namuhla.

Kepha ngokuqondene nocwaningo, olusenziwayo izintuthwane ...

Ngeke ngifihle izilaleli ezithandekayo ukuthi besizobopha uzungu futhi umbuzo ka-Alexander wawengijwayele kusengaphambili, ngakho-ke ngabheka obekushiwo ngalokhu ezikhathini zamuva. Futhi kulelo zinga kunemisebenzi efana nokutadisha ubuntu obuhlangene obubizwa ngokuthi bodwa, ubuntu obuhlangene. Lokho wukuthi, umehluko ngamunye ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokuphila ezahlukahlukene ezingeni lemindeni yonke yezintuthwane. Lapha, ikakhulukazi, esinye sezibonelo ezinjalo, sibona lapha ngokunethezeka ukuthi abacwaningi eBrazil basebenza kanjani kulokhu. Lezi izintuthwane zama-Aztec, ezisekufanekisweni nesitshalo se-cecropia. Futhi lapha sibona umuntu ovilaphayo odinga ukulunywa futhi axoshwe, lapha sibona izintuthwane zama-legionnaire eza futhi nazo kudingeka zixoshwe. Kuyadingeka futhi nokuxosha izitshalo ezikhuphukayo ezinolaka, ezingabhubhisa isitshalo somgcini. Futhi kuvela ukuthi imindeni ehlukene yalawa ma-Aztec ayenza ngendlela ehlukile, futhi axazulula inkinga yalezi zinto zempilo ngezindlela ezihlukile. Okusho ukuthi, ayikho imisebenzi eminingi enikelwe ukwehluka ebuntwini obuhlangene kamuva nje, kepha ikhona. Kepha labo baphendula ngempela umbuzo wakho othakazelisa kakhulu ngokuthi imindeni ehlukene ixazulula kanjani izinkinga zengqondo, noma ngabe inokudluliselwa kwamasiko amasiko kulokhu, lapha kuze kube manje akukho datha enjalo.

Alexander Sokolov: Siyabonga ngempendulo enemininingwane! Ngale ndlela, nansi i-athikili nje mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ezingulubeni zasePolynesia, okuthiwa leli siko lavela ngqo e-zoo.

Umbuzo womthunywa ngowakho. "Kukhona into efana" nemibuthano yokufa kwezintuthwane. " Ngizwe ngabo embikweni kasosayensi. Uthe ososayensi abanalo ulwazi ngezizathu zalokhu kuziphatha. Ngabe kunjalo, kanti kukhona okungenani imibono ethile mayelana nalokhu? ”

Kukhona nohlobo oluthile lwevidiyo okudingeka ulubonise. Ozakwethu, sicela ufake ividiyo.

UZhanna Reznikova: yebo, ukuze sibheke le "mibuthano yokufa" ukuthi ibukeka kanjani. Ividiyo yamuva nje, kepha eqinisweni, ososayensi basayitholile impendulo yalo mbuzo, kudala kakhulu. Emsebenzini wesazi sezwe esidumile kakhulu uTheodor Schneirli, emuva ngonyaka wama-44 wekhulu lama-20, wachaza lemibuthano yokufa ngokuningiliziwe. Uyabona ngisho lapha, maphakathi nalokhu kuvunguza, izintuthwane eseziwile futhi zife ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamandla, okuwukuthi, empeleni le yimibuthano yokufa, futhi wachaza ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani lokhu. Lezi izintuthwane ze-legionnaire esesivele sazi, futhi zona, uma usikhumbula sikhulu lesi sithombe, ikakhulukazi lapho isosha lalinekhanda elikhulu, liyimpumputhe. Banamehlo, kepha bancane kakhulu, futhi baqondiswa ngama-pheromones emisebenzini yabo. Futhi-ke, lapho kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, izintuthwane zithintana izinhlangothi zazo kanye nezimpondo, khona-ke ngephutha elinjalo ziqala ukugoqa isiyingi zize ziqale ukunetha kakhulu kanti le pheromone iyagezwa. Bakha imisele enjalo, "imibuthano yokufa." Kepha eqinisweni, lolu hlobo lokuhamba isiyingi luyabukwa nakwezinye izilwane, amavidiyo ezinto ezinjengalezi akhuluma ngezinhlanzi. Okuphinde kwakheke imibuthano enjalo, kepha akubikho "imibuthano yokufa", kepha ukuhamba okunjalo okungaboni futhi okuhamba isikhathi eside kulandela omunye komunye kulokhu kunyakaza kutholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezilwane, hhayi ezintuthwaneni kuphela.

Ozakwethu banamuhla bazame ukukufanisa lokhu kwezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane, futhi kwavela ukuthi lezo zinhlobo zezintuthwane ezinamehlo akhule kahle, futhi hhayi nje ukusebenzisa ama-pheromones, ziyeke lokhu kushesha ngokushesha futhi zingangeni kule mibuthano yokufa. Ngakho-ke, kunesizathu futhi sokungaboni kahle emehlweni kanye nokwehluleka ukusebenzisa ithrekhi ye-pheromone.

Alexander Sokolov: ngibona kakhulu. Sinesikhathi sombuzo owodwa kubabukeli.

I-Basil: Ntambama, igama lami nginguVasily. Umbuzo uzoba yisilima esincane. Ngokuvamile, kuyaziwa ukuthi umuntu futhi uyisidalwa senhlalo, kepha noma kunjalo esesimweni esibi ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi, esiwela ezimeni ezizimele, ngokwesibonelo, esiqhingini esingagcinwanga muntu, noma kwenye indawo ehlathini, umuntu uyakwazi ukwakha impilo yakhe futhi aphile isikhathi eside, noma ngiphile kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zabo. Izibonelo zingamakhambi futhi, futhi, isiqhingi esingenamuntu. Ingabe intuthwane iyakwazi ukuhlala ezimeni ezizimele futhi isikhathi esingakanani? Futhi angakwazi, ngokwesibonelo, ukungqongqoza i-anthill eseduze futhi acele ukuhlala nabo?

UZhanna Reznikova: inzalo Buza! Impela angacela ukuthi aphile. Ngesinye isikhathi, besizama nje ukuphendula umbuzo ofana nombuzo ka-Alexander mayelana namasiko. Sizame ukukhulisa umndeni omkhulu wezintuthwane elabhorethri yethu bese sibheka ukuthi lo mndeni ungaba yisituthwane iRobinson esingenaso isipiliyoni sokusinda endalweni. Sibafudusele ehlathini, sesibamake ngaphambili. Lokhu bekuyinani eliphakeme, cishe amashumi ezinkulungwane, usayizi womndeni esingakwazi ukuwuthola elabhorethri. Abayedwa, njengoba ucabanga, kepha wonke umndeni ngemuva kwesikhashana ujoyine enye intaba yeentuthwane. Lokho wukuthi, yebo, bacele ukuvakasha, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ezingeni lomndeni. Futhi, ngokufanele, lapho sebechithe engxenyeni yezigidi, balahleka ngenxa yethu, ngaphandle kokuthi bonke babemakiwe. Intuthwane eyodwa, vele, ayizukuphila isikhathi eside futhi cishe izokhungatheka njengeshimpanzi eyodwa. Ngoba emuva ngawo-1920s, isazi sosaziwayo esidala, uRobert Yerks, sathi chimpanzee akusona isishimane. Ngakho-ke, umuntu oyedwa angakwazi, kepha i-chimpanzee eyodwa kanye nentuthwane eyodwa, kunalokho, cha.

Alexander Sokolov: ngibona kakhulu. Umbhali wombuzo ongcono kakhulu futhi okuwukuphela kwakhe uthola incwadi ethi Evolution. Ukunqoba kwemibono ”nguKarl Zimmer. Siyanibonga ngombiko omuhle kakhulu, isipho - lesi isibalo sabaphuza iJedi Penguin sikaPavel Krasnov.

Uhlala kuphi

Njengamanje, izinhlobo zihlala endaweni enomkhawulo eningizimu mpumalanga yePapua New Guinea. Itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-155 ngenhla kolwandle emahlathini asezansi agudle ulwandle kanye nama-gorges amancane eceleni kwemifula yesifundazwe sase-Oro eduze nesiGodi sasePopondetta. Uvemvane lukhetha ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwalo imiqhele nemiqhele, kwesinye isikhathi ukwehlela emhlabathini. Phambilini, inyoni enamaphiko yayitholakala ngisho nasezintabeni - engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Owen Stanley Range. Kulapho ukuthi ngoJanuwari 1906, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1700 ngaphezu kolwandle, u-Albert Stuart Mick, umsizi wamabhange kanye nesazi sezilwane uWalter Rothschild, waqala wabamba owesimame walolu hlobo.

Kubukeka kanjani

Iphiko lenyoni, noma i-ornithopter, yeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra luvemvane olukhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-dimorphism yezocansi iphinyiselwa kakhulu - kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukukholwa ukuthi owesilisa nowesilisa bangabezinhlobo ezifanayo. Abesifazane bakhulu: ngobude bomzimba obungu-8 cm, ubude bamaphiko abo ayindilinga bufika ku-28 cm. Izimpiko nesisu zipendwe ngombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe, ukhilimu noma amabala aphuzi. Uhlangothi olungezansi lwamaphiko lunephethini yasekuqaleni enamagqabha ahlukanisiwe emithanjeni - nguyena owenza ukuthi kuhlukaniswe insikazi yalolu hlobo kolunye uhlobo lwe-ornithopter. Isisindo sovemvane singafinyelela ku-g 12. Abesilisa bangaphansi kwabesifazane. Izimpiko zazo ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka zichazwe emigqeni emnyama. Ifana nencwajana yakudala futhi emincane kunenye i-ornithopter, ifana nezinsimbi zentyatyambo ekhexisayo yasendaweni eshisayo. Ububanzi bufika ku-17-20 cm.

Indlela Yokuphila Nebhayoloji

Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa uvemvane uhlala izinyanga ezine. Umuntu omdala uhlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kuyo yonke impilo yabo, izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda angama-27 anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho kuvela khona amacimbi. Anombala omnyama velvety omnyama kanye nomucu omude wekhilimu omude, afinyelela ku-12 cm ubude. Okokuqala zondla egobolondweni leqanda lazo, bese emaqabungeni ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-aristolochia creepers (Aristolochia spp.), Aqukethe ama-acid anobuthi abulala ama-vertebrates. Ukuqongelela lezi zinto, isibungu sithola ukunambitheka okungathandeki kwezinyoni nezinye izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, okukuvumela ukuba zivikeleke. I-pupa yesimvemvane iphuzi ngegolide noma i-tan enamabala amnyama. Ubude bawo buyi-9 cm, ubukhulu bawo bungama-cm ama-3. Kuthatha cishe amaviki ayisithupha ukusuka esigabeni seqanda ukuya ekwakhekeni kwe-pupa; ukuguqulwa kwepupa kube ngumuntu omdala kuthatha cishe inyanga noma ngaphezulu. Uvemvane oludala luvame ukuvela ekuqaleni kokusa, lapho umswakama ulukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba ilanga liphakame futhi lishise kakhulu futhi lome, lesi sinambuzane siyakwazi ukusabalalisa amaphiko aso ngokuphelele. Abantu abadala badla ikakhulukazi ngezimbali ezinkulu, ezinjenge-hibiscus. Zindiza kahle, zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni noma kusihlwa.

Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini "ornithopter" sisho "inyoni." Uvemvane lwaqanjwa igama lakhe ngo-1907 ngenxa yeNkosi Lord Walter Rothschild. Wamqamba igama lokuthi ahloniphe unkosikazi ka-Edward VII Alexandra waseDenmark, iNdlovukazi yaseGreat Britain kanye ne-Ireland, kanye ne-Empress of India.

Kungeniswe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu

Phambilini, iphiko leNdlovukazi u-Alexandra latholakala cishe kuyo yonke impumalanga yeNew Guinea. Isizathu sokuhanjiswa okungajwayelekile kwezinhlobo kwakuwukuncipha okukhulu kwendawo yemvelo. Ngo-1951, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo iLamington kwaqothula cishe ama-250 km2 endaweni yokuhlala eyinhloko yaleli bhungane elimangalisayo, elathinta kakhulu usayizi walo. Ukudonswa kwamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo ukudala ukwakhiwa kwezihlahla zesundu zePancake ngesonto nakho kuthintekile.

Umthetho wokuvikela umhlaba wezilwane, owamukelwa ePapua New Guinea ngawo-1970, uvikele ukunyamalala ngokuphelele kwesinambuzane, kepha wahluleka ukukunqanda ukuzingela. Iphiko leNdlovukazi u-Alexandra, ngenxa yokutholakala kwalo okukhulu, lisaziswa kakhulu ngabaqoqi futhi libiza imali eningi emakethe emnyama.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Umbuso: izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: i-arthropods (Arthropoda).
Ibanga: izinambuzane (Insecta).
Isigcawu: ILepidoptera (Lepidoptera).
Umndeni: izikebhe zesikebhe (Papilionidae).
Ubulili: i-ornithoptera (Ornithoptera).
Buka: Inyoni enamaphiko yeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra (i-Ornithoptera alexandrae).

12.06.2015

Iphiko lenyoni yeNdlovukazi u-Alexandra (i-Latin Ornithoptera alexandrae Rothsild) lingenye yezimvemvane ezinkulu zosuku emhlabeni wethu. NgelaseSailboats omndeni (lat. Papilionidae). Umqokeleli wamabhange odumile noqoqodile othandekayo uWalter Rothschild wamqamba igama ngokuhlonipha unkosikazi weNkosi yaseNgilandi, u-Edward VII Alexandra.

I-Atlas

Kusukela i-Atlas Butterfly ihola ubukhona bayo obusebenzayo ebusuku, inelinye igama - iSikhulu Sobumnyama. Emndenini waso, uvemvane lwe-Atlas likhulu kunawo wonke. Izimpiko zalesi sinambuzane esihle zingafinyelela amasentimitha ambalwa.

Uma ubuka uvemvane lwe-Atlas, ungabona ukuthi imibala yalo ifana nekhanda lenyoka. Kungahle kube, yikho kanye lokhu okwenza sikwazi ukwethusa inkosana yobumnyama kubazingeli ukuze bazizuzele bona. Lezi zimvemvane ziphila cishe izinsuku eziyishumi.

Ukuzala

Uvemvane lukhula ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezine. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwabantu abadala unqunyelwe kwabathathu kubo. Amakhethini adla izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-kirkazona.

Isibungu esise-velvet-esimnyama sikhula sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-12 ubude, sifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-3 cm.

Ukubamba iphiko lenyoni kunzima kakhulu. Indiza kakhulu futhi ayiweli phansi.

Lesi sinambuzane sithola ukudla kwaso ngendlela yompe emqheleni yezihlahla ezivela ezimbalini ze-aristocholia. Ngokulutha kwalo kulesi sitshalo, uvemvane lathola igama le-aristocholia enamaphiko ezinyoni.

Greta Butterfly

Isidalwa esimangalisayo sihlala emahlathini anomswakama waseNingizimu Melika - uvemvane lwengilazi uGreta Oto. Lapho uqala ukubuka lesi sinambuzane esingajwayelekile, ngokushesha iba sobala ukuthi kungani sabizwa kanjalo - amaphiko kavemvane, ngaphezu komphetho obomvu, asobala ngokuphelele.

Naphezu kokuntekenteka kwangaphandle, lezi zimvemvane ziqinile futhi ziqinile. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka bahlangana ngamaqembu futhi bandiza kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ngosuku beyofuna impilo engcono. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bahlangana endaweni enomthunzi futhi bahlele okuthile okunjengomakoti. Abesabi mncintiswano olungile futhi bakhipha ama-pheromones ngentshiseko ukuheha izintokazi.

Sailboat Maak

Uvemvane losuku olukhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Owokuqala ukumthola wayengumhloli ongakhathali waseSiberia, uRichard Maak, wahlonishwa igama lakhe.

Namuhla, lezi zimvemvane zingayalwa kusuka kochwepheshe ekuzaleni kwazo. Ekhaya, isikebhe sokuhamba ngomkhumbi saseMaak singaphila amasonto amathathu. Imibala emihle engaphezulu kokwejwayelekile, eyenziwe ngezinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi yasolwandle, izonikeza imibono eminingi emnandi lapho ixhumana nesilwane esingajwayelekile.

IGolden birdwing

Lokhu ukwazi kwemvelo kugqamile ngobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele kanye nenhlanganisela yasebukhosini emnyama nphuzi. Izimpiko zihlaba umxhwele impela: owesilisa unama-14 cm, kanti owesimame angaba ngu-16 cm, okuvumayo kuye ukuthi kubhekwe njengenye yezimpukane ezinkulu kakhulu zase-Eshiya zasemini.

Endizeni yayo esheshayo futhi esheshayo, ibukeka njengenyoni, futhi ngenxa yalokhu ibizwa nge- “birdwing”.