Ibhungane le-Barbel noma okhuni - umndeni omkhulu futhi owandile wamabhungane. Isici esibonakalayo salolu hlobo lwamadevu amadevu amakhulu, amade kaningana kunomzimba. Zihlukaniswa ngokulandelayo: izinambuzane ze-arthropod coleoptera barbel.
Abaqoqi be-entomological bathande kakhulu la mabhungane ngokuhlukahluka kwawo ngosayizi womzimba, ukwakheka kwe-elytra, ukuphuma okuhlukahlukene okuyisibazi, amashubhu namasipikili ku-elytra, nemibala ehlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezithile ezomisiwe zibiza cishe ama- $ 1,000.
Futhi, ikolishi lamabhungane agawula izinkuni liyakwazi ukuqothula insimu ebalulekile yehlathi ngesikhathi esifushane, ngakho amahlathi alibhubhisa. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla, ngaphandle kokuphindaphindeka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa okubanzi emhlabeni, abantu ababhalwe kuBhuku oluBomvu bayatholakala emndenini wamabhungane.
Incazelo Nezici
Lezi zinambuzane azinangozi ngokwazo, zidla ezitshalweni, ikakhulukazi zohlobo lwesihlahla. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka kuyabheda kakhulu. Isibonakaliso esishayayo kakhulu amadevu amade angafuduswa, ubukhulu bawo bungama-2, noma ngisho nezikhathi ezi-5, budlula ubude bomzimba. Phansi kwezinyamazane kunamehlo ezinambuzane. Amadevu - isitho sokuhogela nokuthinta.
Okujwayelekile kuzo zonke lezi zinambuzane ukwakheka komzimba okuphakeme, yize, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, ijamo ngokwalo lingaba libanzi ezinhlangothini futhi lide kakhulu. Esakhiweni somzimba sabadala, izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu. Izinyawo zihlukaniswe izakhi ezi-5 - i-pelvis, i-trochanter, ithanga, umlenze ophansi kanye nonyawo.
Zinezimbambo ezi-3 zama-paws, ama-chitin elytra aqinile, kanti ezinye zinemihlathi emikhulu. Isisu sithambile, ihlukaniswe izigaba, kaningi ngabayisihlanu. Amakhanda abo ayindilinga, kwenzeka ukuthi afakwa ngokuqinile ku-prothorax.
Abesilisa bahluka kwabesilisa emabhalaneni amade, imihlathi engaphezulu yabesilisa nayo yathuthukiswa kakhulu, isisu sibukhali, futhi imvamisa zidwetshwa ngombala ohlukile. Ukwakheka kwemizimba yabo kuthambile futhi kubanzi. La mabhungane abonakala ngento efana ne-dimorphism yezocansi. Yilapho abesifazane nabesilisa bebukeka behlukile, njengokungathi bavela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene.
Amabhungane amaningi e-barbel enza imisindo enomsindo, i-creak noma i-rattle. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokushayisana kobambo lwe-prothorax ngokumelene nendawo eqinile ye-mesothorax, noma ukuqubuka okhalweni lwemilenze yangemuva ngokumelene ne-elytra. Benza imisindo enjalo lapho besongelwa ngokuhlaselwa izitha. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzesabise.
Umbala wazo uhlukile kakhulu. Kuqukethe umbala wamaphiko we-chitin nezinwele emzimbeni. Imibala ijabulisa ngezinhlobonhlobo zayo. Izithunzi ezikhanyayo - uphuzi omuncu, ulethisi, ulamula, opinki.
Izithunzi ezimnyama - nsundu, onsomi, omnyama. Umbala ovame ukuhlangana kakhulu kwenzeka - imivimbo, amabala namanye amaphethini, kwesinye isikhathi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ahlobene. Konke ukwahluka kwangaphandle kwamabhungane kuncike endaweni yokuhlala nezinhlobo.
Izilinganiso ezimbi kakhulu ziveza izinhlobo ezingama-26,000 zalezi zidalwa, kepha le mininingwane ihlala ishintsha. Cishe njalo ngonyaka kutholakala izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane ezivela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziseduze kwekhweyitha. Kodwa-ke, eYurophu ethuthukile, e-Asia exotic naseMelika ethuthukile, kuvela izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane.
E-Russia, kunezinhlobo ezingama-583. Naphezu kokuhluka nobuningi, lezi zinambuzane zifundwe kahle ososayensi. Iningi lazo lilinganiswe ngamabhungane. Kepha kukhona omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Isibonelo, umuntu ohamba ngezinkuni e-North America ufinyelela ku-19-22 cm ubude.
Kukhona enye inhlobo enkulu eSouth America - i-ligsjack yaseBrazil, izinyo elikhulu, elisayizi amasentimitha ayi-17-18. Ibhungane le-barbel elivela eFiji lingelesithathu ngobukhulu kunamabhungane amakhulu owaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ubukhulu bayo bufika ku-15 cm.
Izikhuni
Ubhungane omkhulu kunabo bonke eYurophu okwamanje yi-barbel yombazi, ubude bawo bungama-6 cm .. E-Russia, kukhona futhi nommeleli omkhulu wale nhlobo - i-Ussuri relic barbel. Ukhule waba ngu-11 cm.
Isigaxa sendawo
Kukhona imindeni engezansi eyi-11 ehlobene ne-barbel. Ake sixoxe ngezinye zazo. Amagama abo: i-barbel yangempela, i-lamina, i-barbel, i-prondrina, i-prionina barbel, i-spondylidin. Ama-Lamines afaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-13,000 zamabhungane; ngaphandle, eziningi zazo zibukeka zihle. Isibonelo, abanye banemithende egqamile emnyama neluhlaza ngombala ngamaphiko abo.
Ama-prionins afaka izinhlobo eziyi-1000. Lesi ngesinye sezimbungulu ezindala. Itholakala yonke indawo emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezibandayo zamakhaza. Ubukhulu buhluke kakhulu, kusuka ku-2 mm kuya ku-178 mm, kepha ikakhulukazi lawa ngamabhungane amakhulu, ngesinye isikhathi aze afike ku-22 cm.
Ipende ngamathoni ansundu, amnyama, ansundu. Kungalesi simo esingezansi ukuthi iziqhwaga phakathi kwamabhungane zingokwalabo: i-lumberjack-titan, i-ligsjack yaseBrazil, i-toothed enkulu, ne-Ussuri relic lumberjack.
Ama-parandrins anezinhlobo ezingama-50, ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. Iyamangaza umndeni, njengoba inezimpethu ezimfushane kakhulu, ezikhumbuza kakhulu amabhungane agqamile. Umbala wamaphiko onzima uvame ukubomvu ngokubomvu noma kube mnyama.
Ama-whiskers noma ama-lepturins awumndeni wezinhlobo eziyi-100 zofuzo nezinhlobo ezingama-2500. Amabhungane amancane, amaphiko adwetshwe ngemivimbo ephuzi-emnyama.
ISpondylidins ifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Lokhu kungabameleli bobusuku nobusuku. Amadevu abo nawo awekho mude kakhulu, ubukhulu bawo bancane kunomzimba. Umbala wamaphiko uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama noma onsundu.
Lokhu ibhungane ibhungane esithombeni kufana nesithombe esivela kuma-frescoes aseGibhithe. Kuchazwe kahle kakhulu, maphakathi nomzimba kukhona ukucabangana, amaphiko anobuhle matte sheen, acishe abe njengevase yethusi. Amadevu ahlukaniswe, imilenze inhle kakhulu. Imodeli nje yengubo yezingalo.
Ukubukeka kwamabhungane e-barbel
Isici esihlukanisayo somndeni amadevu amade ahlukaniswe futhi amadevu okuhamba, kwezinye izimo ancipha kakhulu ubude bomzimba.
I-carapace ihlala isikhathi eside, ngaphansi kwe-elytra kanzima, mncane, kodwa amaphiko asebenzayo afihliwe.
IBhungane ngokwalo lihle ngobuhle futhi lihle kakhulu. Iqoqo labamele abakhulu nababaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinambuzane liyimpoqo kuyo yonke i-novice etymologist. Iqoqo livame ukufaka ibhungane elikhulu - i-titanium, i-alpine barbel, i-Ussuri giant ne-steppe black barbel. Ngisho ibhungane elimnyama elingamasentimitha ayisithupha, elivame ukutholakala ezifundeni zaseRostov naseStavropol, lenza umbono ongathandeki kakhulu. Lezi zinambuzane zithanda indlela yokuphila ebusuku futhi, ngokungafani nezinye izinambuzane, zithanda isikhala. Okusho ukuthi, indlela yebhungane le-barbel enqamula egumbini lakho lokulala alizukulala odongeni, kodwa phakathi nendawo, alinamahloni ngokuphelele yizindawo ezikhanyisiwe. Kumuntu ongakulungele, umhlangano ngebhungane elikhulu, kusobala ukuthi uzicabangela umnikazi wekamelo, umhlangano ungashaqisa.
Ukuziphatha kweBhungane ngokwemvelo
Ubhungane lwabadala alunangozi. Naphezu kwemihlathi ethusayo, ibhungane lihlukaniswa yisimo sokuthula nesikhonondayo, lizwakala ngentokozo, lingazifihli futhi lingabaleki, alesabi ukuhlala entendeni yesandla salo, lingayenzi imizamo yokulimaza noma ukulimaza umuntu. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, banamadevu amade nomzimba omude omfushane. Abesifazane bahluke ngokuhlukahluka kwamafomu hhayi amadevu amade kakhulu - amafushane kakhulu kunabesilisa bohlobo olufanayo.
Amadevu yisitho esibalulekile se-tactile. Bezwa ibhungane ibazungezile, ibamba izinguquko ekushiseni nakomswakama. Uma i-bug isaba, igoqa amadevu ayo ahambisana ne-torso yayo ukuze ibonakale ingabonakali kangako. Esimweni esijwayelekile, amadevu ayakhuphuka ayiswe ngaphambili futhi asiza ibhungane likwazi ukuhamba emkhathini.
Ngabe udlani we-barbel barle?
Ukudla kwesinambuzane esidala kuyizitshalo ezinhle, izimbali, impova, namagxolo athambile ezitshalo ezisencane. Amabhungane amadala ayimifino eyindidane, izidalwa ezingenangozi nezinhle.
Izinambuzane ziyizibungu ezigqamile zebhungane. Izibungu zinesikhathi sokuphila seminyaka engu-1-2, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zingaba khona ehlathini amashumi eminyaka, kwezinye izikhathi kuze kube iminyaka engama-50. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ikoloni lezimila ze-barbel likwazi ukuqothula ngokuphelele isakhiwo sokuhlala sokhuni kanye nophahla nefenisha, okwenza lingakufanele ukuhlala. Ngokulungile, siphawula ukuthi akuwona wonke amabhungane amade adla izinkuni. Ezinye izibungu ziyakwazi ukondla emhlabeni nama-humus, izitshalo ezine-herbaceous, izimpande.
Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhungane e-barbel zingandiza. Hhayi njalo, kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalelana. Izindiza zandisa indawo yokuhlala, zenze kube nokwenzeka ukuthi ukuhlangana kwangaphakathi kwe-interspecific kuvame phakathi kwe-barbel. Ibanga lendiza ngokuvamile alilikhulu kakhulu, ukusuka ngamashumi amamitha ambalwa ukuya kumakhilomitha ambalwa.
Kungani amabhungane enza umsindo omkhulu kangaka
Isici esengeziwe esijabulisayo se-barbel singabhekwa njengohlobo lokukhonkotha, olutholakala ngokuthinta ngemilenze yangemuva ku-elytra enzima kanye nembambo esiswini. Imisindo iphakeme impela, iyakwazi ngokuphelele ukuguqula indlu eyenziwe ngamapulangwe ibe isiteji seSilent Hill noma enye imovie movie evamile ehlala edolobheni. Izakhamizi zikholelwa ukuthi ukudonswa kwendlu okumnandi kuyimpawu ethokozisayo yempilo ethule ehlane.
Imisindo yokugaya ithwala umthwalo osebenzayo - isabisa izinduku kanye nezinyamazane ezincane, kanti ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, isikwati esikhulu sivumela izimbungulu ukuthi zithole ababambisene abafanele.
Umjikelezo wempilo ka-Barbel
Umjikelezo wokuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-barbel uthatha iminyaka eyi-1-2. Ubhungane besifazane lubeka amakhulu amaningi, aze afike kuma-400 amaqanda endaweni efanelekile - isithako esimanzi semakhambi, ekhonkolweni elithambile, ngemuva kokwenza umgodi phakathi kwebhodi noma ekulimaleni kwe-log noma kwebhodi. Insikazi ingazalela amaqanda ngisho engxenyeni encane yamagxolo, ngethemba lokuthi ngokuzayo izibungu ziyozinakekela ngokuququda izingodo. Ezinye izinhlobo zibekela amaqanda egxolweni ngasikhathi sinye, zibambe amazinyane ahlukane ngeqanda ngalinye.
isibungu se-barbel
Isimo esiyinhloko sokuthuthuka okuphumelelayo kwezibungu zamaqanda ukushisa nomswakama. Isibungu yisibungu esimhlophe esingenamilenze, kepha siphuma emaphethelweni alishumi emaphethelweni omzimba kanye nekhanda elimnyama elihlome imihlathi enamandla elinamandla okuququda izingodo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhungane amade zithanda umuthi wezinhlobo ezihlukile, kepha ngokuvamile, amabhungane amaningi akwazi ukudla kunoma yisiphi isihlahla. Njengoba kunezibungu eziningi, i-clutch eyodwa ingadala ingozi enkulu ngokushesha.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izibungu ziya ekujuleni kwezinhlobo zesihlahla futhi zilindele izimo ezingezinhle. Ngokufudumala nokubuya komswakama ogcwele, izibungu zibuyele ezingxenyeni zangaphandle zokhuni, imidlwane ngokuphepha, idlule esiteji sabadala, izinsensane ebusweni bese kuvela ibhungane elisha elidala.
isibungu se-barbel
Ukusebenza kwesibungu kuphezulu kakhulu. Ososayensi babheka la mabhungane njengonyaka owodwa njengama-dinosaurs, asinde ngempumelelo kukho konke ukuhlukahluka kwawo kuze kube namuhla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, izibungu zibonakala zigcinwa ngaphakathi kwezinkuni futhi zingahlala zisebenza amashumi eminyaka. Uma ukondleka kunganele, amabhungane amancane atholakala kwizibungu ezingondleki ngemuva kokuhlwitha.
unodoli we-barbel
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ibhungane elidala lihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa, kuze kube phakathi nehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimbungulu ziyakwazi ukwenza izindiza, zithole abalingani abafanele, zihlele ukwanda.
Umgabeli omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni
Abamele kakhulu amabhungane e-barbel ahlala eNingizimu Melika. Ibhungane le-titanium lifinyelela ubude obuyi-17 cm, ngaphandle kobude bamadevu. Inyamazane enkulu enezinambuzane noma ibhungane eliyisihlahla lingaba ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-18. Isigaxa esikhulu kunazo zonke saseRussia yi-Ussuri, esingama-11 cm kuphela, kepha lokhu futhi kuningi.
i-relic barbel
Umbala wamabhungane ungaba yisiphi, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, izinambuzane ezindala zingangesabi kakhulu ukuba zibe ukudla kwezinyoni. IBhungane ngokwesabisa izilwane ezidla ezinye ngesikhuhla esibukhali nesinomsindo.
Indima ye-barbel endle
Ngaphakathi kohlelo lokuphilisana kwendalo, indima ye-barbel egcwele futhi esebenzayo ibalulekile. Izibungu nabantu abadala zingukudla okuhle kwezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Izibungu ezisebenzayo nezihlafunayo zibandakanyeka enqubweni yokulahlwa kwezihlahla ezindala nezigulayo, i-windfall. Ibhungane alilona ize elibizwa ngokuthi i-lwoodjack. Ososayensi bahlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwempilo yamabhungane angenamapulangwe nokusabalala kwe-mycelia - i-mycelium ngaphakathi kweziqu nezihlahla eziwile. Umnyombo wenkinga ungendlela elandelayo - izinkuni zodwa azanele ukondla izibungu nokuvuthwa okujwayelekile. Amakhowe aqukethe amaprotheni abe usizo oluhle ekudleni kwezibungu zamabhungane. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-mycelium kulula ukungena kuyo ngokhuni oluxegayo nolunomoya-mpilo, osevele ethintekile izibungu. I-Symbiosis ethokozisayo yesikhunta nezibungu iyisihloko sezifundo eziningi emkhakheni we-ecology.
Ngosizo lwamabhungane, iziqu ezindala zisheshe ziphenduke isakhi sezakhi zomzimba lapho amakhambi nezitshalo ezincane zingakhula khona. Amabhungane amadala nabantu abadala badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvinjelweni kwezitshalo, ngoba zidla impova.
I-barbel eyingozi kakhulu
Lesi yisiphithi sendlu esimnyama noma esimnyama, ekhethe izindlu zokuhlala zamapulangwe njengendawo yokuhlala ephambili. Ibhungane ngokwalo likhulu kakhulu, linomzimba ongafika ku-8 cm noma lufinyelele kuma-20 cm, uma ubala nge-amadevu. Ama-larvae mancane, acishe abe ngu-3 cm ubude nangu-3-5 mm ubukhulu. Ubhungane luhlala ezinhlakeni zewindi, ophahleni, ezihlukeni, kwifenisha.
ukulimala kwebhungane nge-barbel brownie
Ibhungane le-barbel elimnyama likhula kuphela lapho licubungula i-coniferous, ikakhulukazi i-spruce, uphayini kanye nokhuni larch, ngokwesibonelo, ngemishayo, izigxobo, njll. Unamandla ukulimala izinkuni ezakhiweni nasezakhiweni lubhekelwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama omningi womoya (ngokwesibonelo, izindawo ezisogwini, izindawo ezisogwini), ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liphakeme kakhulu.
ibhungane ibhungane
Amabhungane aqala maphakathi noJuni futhi aqhubeke kuze kube ngu-Agasti, evela ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi ntambama nantambama. Ndiza amabanga amafushane. Insikazi ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-25, futhi ibeka amaqanda kuphela izinsuku eziyi-12, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuzalela. Ukufakwa kweqanda kuthonywa ubukhulu bokukhanya, iphunga le-terpenes nokucasuka kwe-substrate ethinta inhliziyo. Owesifazane ubeka ama-testicles ezigxotsheni zokhuni aze afinyelele ku-20-30 mm. Ezimweni zokwamukelwa ezi-2-8, insikazi ingabeka isilinganiso sama-200, emaqanda amaningi angama-420, okuvela kuzo izibungu emavikini angama-1-3. Ngokushesha baqala ukudabula izindledlana, okusaqanda esigabeni, bedlula kuphela ezingxenyeni zokhuni lwentwasahlobo futhi bahlanganiswe ngofulawa ocolekile wokugaya nemfucuza. Ukuhamba kuhamba kancane kancane kuze kufike ku-12 mm ububanzi. Ungqimba lwezinkuni luhlala luqinile, luncanyana njengephepha. Kancane kancane, i-sapwood ibunjiwe ngokuphelele, kuyilapho umongo uvame ukuhlala ungasebenzi. Izibungu zabantu abadala zilungiselela umgodi wokundiza wamabhungane azayo, bese zinwebisa inkambo bese zihlela imbeleko yedoli, eboshwe ngokugoba ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi ifakwe nofulawa wokushayela ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-larva idlula esigabeni sangaphambi kokubeletha, esithatha amasonto angama-1-2. Isigaba se-pupa esifanele sithatha amasonto angama-2-4. Lapho umzimba webhungane osemncane ukhula ngokuqinile, ushiya izinkuni ngomgodi we-oval. Konke ukuthuthukiswa kuthatha iminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwengama-10, imvamisa kuneminyaka engama-3-6 futhi kuya ngekhwalithi yokudla, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wezinkuni.
UBlackie Lumberjack omnyama kusatshalaliswa eYurophu, eSiberia, eCaucasus, eTranscaucasia, e-Iran, e-Iraq, eSyria, e-Asia Minor nase China. Itholakala eningizimu enyakatho ne-Afrika; yalethwa futhi eningizimu ye-Afrika naseNyakatho Melika. Indlu emnyama eyakhiwe ngamapulangwe iyisidleke esiyingozi sobuchwepheshe bezinkuni ezakhiweni nasezinhlaka.
Ukulimala okubangelwa izimbungulu ze-barbel
Konke ukulimala kuhlobene kuphela nokubhujiswa okusebenzayo kwempahla yokhuni kanye nezakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, ukulimala kwezakhiwo, ophahleni kanye nefenisha kungabonakala okukhulu. Ibhungane le-barbel liguqula ngempumelelo ukhuni lwekhwalithi ephezulu lube uthuli.Izindonga nezakhiwo ezonakalisiwe zingaba yingozi empilweni ngenxa yokushona phansi.
Lo mbukiso wesilayidi udinga iJavaScript.
Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi isakhiwo singenwe yizibungu
Uma kuvela uthuli oluncane lwezinkuni luvela odongeni noma eduze kodonga lwamapulangwe, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuba khona komthi okhula ngezinkuni. Ungalindeli izimpawu ezintsha, njengokuwa kophahla. Thatha isenzo. Ngeshwa, zonke izibungu zinamakhadi amahle - uphephile, unokudla okuningi okuhle, uma engazithandi lezo zimo, angangena ajule futhi achithe iminyaka eyishumi lapho. Amakhemikhali angena ekujuleni kwesihlahla abakhona. Ngokuhambisana nalokho, ingozi yokutheleleka isazoqhubeka.
ukufuya ufulawa
Ngokudabukisayo, abasebenza ngamapulangwe abaningi bathanda ukhuni oluqinile - oki, mahogany, umlotha, i-walnut. Ifenisha enjalo namapaneli angaphakathi, izitebhisi, kubiza kakhulu. Qonda ukuthi izinkuni eziyigugu kumele zisindiswe yi-hund enobuntu. Izinkuni ezimboze kahle zizwakala kakhulu zinethonya. Umsindo ohlanganiswe kahle kusho ukuba khona kwendima edukisayo idliwa izibungu zesipuni. Abanye abenzi bamakhabethe abafundanga nje kuphela ukuthi bangazigcina kanjani izinto ezidliwe yisipuni, kodwa futhi banikeze ubuhle obukhethekile ezindaweni ezibuyiselwe ezigcwele ngama-resin zokwenziwa. Injabulo enjalo ifanele imali ebaluleke ngokwanele ngisho nangama-antique, kodwa umphumela uyamangalisa.
Izinkuni ezithambile - i-spruce, i-pine, i-birch, ihlushwa kakhulu bug. Ukuthola ubukhona besiphazamisi ngomsindo kunzima kakhulu. Knock emthini hhayi ngamadolo akho, kodwa ngomhlane wesando. Uma ingaphezulu ligobeka futhi umsindo ushubile ngokuphelele, udaba lubi. Izinkuni ezidliwe ngokuqinile zingabhobozwa ngisho ngesikulufo esihle. Izicucu ezithintekile kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha futhi zingene esikhundleni sokucutshungulwa kokuqala kusuka kubhungane bhungane.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ususe izibungu ze-barbel
Ngokuphelele futhi kuqinisekisiwe ukuqeda izibungu kunzima kakhulu, cishe akunakwenzeka. Kepha ukwenza izibungu zife kuyinto engokoqobo. Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngezindlela eziyingozi kakhulu. Isisekelo sezinto ezinobuthi yi-phosphine. Futhi, ukwenziwa okusha emakethe yaseRussia i-XILIX GEL kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze isiqinisekiso ezintweni ezisetshenzisiwe iminyaka eyi-10.
Funda kabanzi ngenqubo yokuvuselela i-phosphine lapha.
Ukuba ngaphakathi kwendlu ngenkathi kulungiswa ngaphandle kwamaski wegesi kukhishwa ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ungangena ngaphakathi emagcekeni futhi wenze ukwelashwa odongeni kwangaphandle. Izinto ezinobuthi ezenzelwe ubuthi bePhosphine zishintsha kakhulu futhi zisheshe ziphume.
Lo mbukiso wesilayidi udinga iJavaScript.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikelwa
Lapho wakhela indlu yamapulangwe, indlu yokugeza, idivaysi yokuqeda, uphahla, izindonga, phansi kwamapulangwe, qiniseka ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha. Akumele babe nezimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane lomuthi okhula ngezinkuni. Onke amagxolo, ama-bast, kufanele aqunywe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle komkhondo omncane. Ukwakheka okuhle kwe-cortex ne-bast kuyindawo ekahle yezibungu ezisebenzisa indlela yazo ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngisho nengxenye encane yegxolo elishiywe ngenxa yobudedengu ingaba ngumthombo wokutheleleka kwendlu yonke. Shisisa amagxolo asusiwe, ungashiyi ebusika.
ukuqothula izinambuzane
Naka ukucubungula izinkuni
Izinkinga zebhodi nezingodo, ukuba khona kwama-nick, imifantu, ukubola - izindawo ezilungele ukubeka amabhungane. Izikhala phakathi kwezingodo, ugodo, uthayela wezinto zemvelo - isimemo ngqo kwabasebenza ngokhuni endlini. Sebenzisa uvolo wamaminerali, ukukhulelwa kwesinambuzane, vala konke ukuqhekeka kuze kube bushelelezi ngokuphelele. Izinkuni kufanele ziphathwe ngokungafakwanga okukhethekile, bese ziboshwe nge-varnish ne-varnish noma i-coating egcwele ngomphumela we-plasticization.
Lapho usebenzisa ama-varnish namafutha omisa, ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphandle kwezinkuni kumele kuvuselelwe minyaka yonke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinambuzane zizokonakalisa indlu ngokushesha okukhulu. Esimweni sezulu esibandayo esinebusika obude, umsebenzi wamabhungane we-woodcutter awuphezulu kakhulu. Amakhaya angazimela amakhulu eminyaka futhi agcine amandla. Ezimweni ezinomswakama futhi ezifudumele, izibungu zamabhungane ziyingozi enkulu futhi zisheshe zichithe izakhiwo zokhuni ezingavikelekile.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Kuhlala uBhungane emhlabeni wonke lapho kunamahlathi. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kuncike ekutholakaleni kokudla - ikakhulukazi izihlahla. Okuhlukile ngaphandle yi-Arctic ne-Antarctic, ngqo ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.
Endleleni yokuphila, basebenza kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukukhasa, eziningi impela ngokushesha. Ezinye zazo zingandiza. Uma ukhetha ibhungane, likhipha ingxoxo ebonakalisayo. Indlela yabo yokuphila ixhomeke esimweni sezulu nasendaweni yokuhlala.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lezi zinambuzane “ziye zaba namaphiko” kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Amabhungane aseCentral Asia aqala ukundizela ekwindla. Ezinye ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku; zondla izimbali ezivuleka phakathi nosuku. Abanye bayasebenza ebusuku. Ukudla kwabo akufihli ebumnyameni.
Kokubili ubusuku nemini izimbungulu zithola izindawo okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo ukuphumula noma ukubhanqa. Ngokuya ngosayizi, uhla lendiza nalo luyanqunywa. Lapho ikhulu bug, kuthi lapho indiza kancane, kulapho ikhamba khona. Baphila indlela yokuphila ngokucashile kakhulu. Ukubona ibhungane elidala ehlathini kuyisipho sangempela se-entomologist nophawu olwesabekayo for a forester.
Umsoco
Lokho udlani ubhungane?, kuya ngendawo yayo. Amabhungane amadala agcwele amapayipi nezimbali zezimbali, amagxolo amancane namaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahla. Izingcezwana zamagxolo afile noma anempilo, ama-petioles, isithelo sezitshalo, uginindela we-cacti noma ezinye izitshalo - yilokhu kudliwa ibhungane le-barbel.
Okusho ukuthi, ibhungane elidala cishe alinangozi. Futhi lapha ibhungane ibhungane ibhungane - Lesi yisishayo sezihlahla, izakhiwo zokhuni nezinto ezenziwe ngokhuni. Zikhula ezihlahleni futhi zidla ngokhuni, zibangele ukulimala okukhulu emahlathini asemhlabeni.
Mabhungane amaningi ahlukaniswa ama-subspecies ngokufanele ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zezihlahla, ezikhethiwe ukuze zondle izibungu zazo. Ngokwesibonelo, ibhungane le-oki i-barbel ithanda ukhuni oluqinile, oki, ngokwesibonelo.
Ingakwazi ukuhlala ezinhlangeni ze-oki, nasezindaweni ezonakaliswe umuthi. Leli bhungane liphakathi ngosayizi, lisuka ku-3 liye ku-6 cm, limnyama nge-tint nsundu, futhi licwebezela njenge-resin. U-Elytra ubomvu ekugcineni. Ngaphezu kwe-oki, ukhetha i-beech, i-Hornbeam, i-elm, i-walnut yezimila ezizayo.
Ubhungane omnyama barbel, noma iphayini ikhetha ukukhetha amaConifers. Ibizwa nangokuthi yi-bug yomkhumbi. Izibungu zakhe zabhubhisa nemiklamo yemikhumbi eqediwe, uma ngabe yakhiwa ngophayini onaleli gciwane. Yena uqobo udla impova yezimbali, izinaliti namaqabunga.
Amabhungane ancamela izihlahla ze-coniferous ukuze zikwazi ukwenziwa ngobunono bawo - i-larch, i-spruce, uphayinayi, afaka ibhungane elisicaba, elinombala onsomi.
Ibhungane ibhungane udla amagxolo athambile ezihlahla ezincane, izinaliti ezisencane. Kepha izibungu zalo zilimaza izihlahla cishe ngezinga lezimboni. Baqhubeka nokubhubhisa izinkuni, baze bavunwa futhi baqunywe ukuthi bazosetshenziswa. Futhi bayathanda ukuhlala eduze kwabantu, becekela phansi izakhiwo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Yonke inqubo yokuzala yenzeka endaweni ethule futhi enokuthula, kwenye indawo ephakeme. Phezulu kwesihlahla, ophahleni. Kwabesifazane, kukhipha uketshezi olukhethekile (imfihlo) oluheha umlingani. Ukuhlangana kuthatha imizuzu engama-30. Owesifazane othola ukunakwa uhlala ngaphansi kokuvikelwa nokuqashwa kowesilisa, amphelezele kuze kubonakale amaqanda.
Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokuzalela, owesilisa uyafa, insikazi iyasinda ukuze ibekele amaqanda. Ubhungane besifazane lubekela amaqanda afinyelela kwayi-100 emihlanjeni yezihlahla nemininingwane yokhuni. Ukhetha ubumbono ngephunga. Njengoba sesidale i-clutch, lesi sinambuzane sikhombisa ukungayikhathaleli inzalo.
Izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni, bese kuba yi-pupae, kuthi emva kweminyaka embalwa zidle izindinyana esihlahleni bese ziziphumela. Izibungu ngokwazo, zikhula, cishe zifinyelela kubude bhungane elikhulile. Umjikelezo wokuphila wonke uqukethe izigaba eziningana: iqanda, izibungu, ipupa, ne-imago.
Kwesinye isikhathi amabhungane ama-longhorn alungiselela kuqala indawo yokondla nokukhulisa izibungu ezizayo. Bakhetha izihlahla ezincane, badla amagxolo azungeze umngcele ngesimo sendandatho, eduze nempande. Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla siqala ukufa kancane. Futhi izibungu ezibambezelekile ziqedela inqubo ebhubhisayo.
Bakhipha iqhubu elikhulu, beluma ehlathini. Kwesinye isikhathi ehlathini elomile ungawuzwa ngisho nalomsindo wesimo. Izibungu ziqinile. Zibekezelela noma yiziphi izimo ezingezinhle, zihlala ezihlahleni ezomile nezingondlekile iminyaka eminingi.
Banombala okhanyayo womzimba, ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi. Umzimba uqobo uthambile, uthambile kancane, une-cephalothorax eyenziwe kahle. Ifakwe imihlathi enamandla eqondiswe ngqo phambili, engenza imisebenzi yokusika neyokuhlafuna.
Umjikelezo wempilo yomuntu omdala umfushane impela. Ibhungane liphuma esigungwini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kepha ngenxa yalokhu izibungu kufanele zibe nesikhathi 'sokuhlwitha'. Uma intwasahlobo isekude, i-pupa ivele ifinyelele emgodini wesihlahla nge-drill, bese icashe, ilindele ukuqala kokushisa.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza kubantu
Lapho izibungu ziphuma, kwakheka umgodi esihlahleni, okuphuma kuwo ukhuni oluncane. Ngakho-ke kuyacaca lapho le bug elimazayo lihlala khona. Kwesinye isikhathi adla isihlahla sangaphakathi ukuze aqedele udoti, bese uyawa.
Ezinye izimbungulu, ezinjenge-barbel, ziye zaba omakhelwane abangathandeki babantu. Emvelweni, akuvamile, kepha bazizwa bekhulu ezindlini zokhuni. Upholstery wendlu, phansi, ozimele wokhuni, okophahla nophahla - konke kungahlupheka uma kuqala lesi sinambuzane. Babeka izibungu ezonakalisa yonke into eyenziwe ngokhuni.
Ngisho nefenisha, imibhede, amatafula nezihlalo kungahlupheka endaweni enjalo. AmaBhungane abeka amaqanda awo ngobuhlakani ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula - imifantu ejulile emikhiqizweni eyenziwe ngokhuni. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, kuvela izibungu kubo, eziqala umsebenzi wabo ongabonakali wokubhubhisa. Uma ungacubunguli lezi zinto ngesikhathi, emva kwesikhashana yonke into izophenduka uthuli.
Kukhona, nokho, abantu bhungane lamapulangwe abengeyona ingozi, kodwa kunalokho bazuze. Ngokwesibonelo, grey barbel beetle ayilimalanga kangako ehlathini. Ithinta kuphela izihlahla ezindala nezisashonile, ezisheshayo ukuguqulwa kwezinkuni okuxekethile kube yi-humus. Amabhungane amaningi asebenza njengezitshalo zokuvungula izitshalo eziqhakazayo, azuza ngaphezu kwama-pollinators akudala.
Ungasusa kanjani i-barbel
Ibhungane ibhungane ekhaya - Enye yezitha ezimbi kakhulu zomuntu, uma kungenjalo okuyingozi kakhulu. Izibungu zayo ziqinile, zinobuhle, futhi azitholwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwazi imithetho ethile, indlela yokuqeda i-barbel bugukuze kungashiywa ngaphandle kwezindlu.
- Lapho ukhetha izinkuni, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi luphathwa nge-antiseptic.
- Lapho wakha isakhiwo, sebenzisa izinkuni ezikhethekile zokuqeda ukhuni nge-antiseptic. Bazovimba ukuhlaselwa kwamabhungane.
- Uma unezimbungulu, qiniseka ukuthi uphatha ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwamakhemikhali. Le bromomethyl, i-zinc chloride, i-chloride ye-zinc. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucubungula okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngonyaka. Izibungu zilungile, ukuvimbela kubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inqubo kumele yenziwe ngaphansi kokubhekwa kwezinsizakalo ezifanele. Kungcono ukubiza ochwepheshe esiteshini se-sanitary kanye ne-epidemiological ngale njongo.
Ochwepheshe futhi kudingeka bathinte uma unquma ukwenza i-fumigation kusuka kwizimbungulu, ukwelashwa kwegesi enobuthi noma ukufakwa kwezithiyidi ezinobuthi. Zonke lezi zindlela zidinga indlela yokufunda ngokucophelela.
Ungaqala ukwelashwa ngensimbi eyomile noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqhwa. Lezi zindlela kuphela okunzima ukuzisebenzisa ekhaya. Futhi abaphephile. Ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, futhi ezindaweni ezikhethwe ngokuqinile.
Indlela yesimanje yokususa izimbungulu zasendlini ukushisa ngemicibisholo. Idivaysi ekhethekile ishisa izinkuni noma kunzima ukufinyelela izindawo, ichitha izibungu. Usizo lwale ndlela ukuphepha kubantu nasezakhiweni. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ezinye izingxenye ezithintekile kulula ukusika nokuzifaka esikhundleni esisha, esingalinyazwa futhi sisebenza.