I-Haplochromis multicolor iyinhlanzi yezwekazi lase-Afrika, ibhebhetheka emanzini ase-East Africa nasegodini lomfula iNayile. Abantu abadala bafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-8. Ezinhlanzini zase-Europe, i-Haplochromis multicolor yabonakala ibhulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-taxonomy yayo yenzeka izinguquko eziningi, futhi ezincwadini ezikhethekile yacashunwa ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene: Paratilapia multicolor, Haplochromis multicolor, Hemihaplochromis multicolor.
I-Haplochromis multicolor ngokwemvelo iyinhlanzi ethanda ukuthula, ilungele kahle ukugcinwa kuma-aquariums ajwayelekile. Ngokungeziwe esikhathini sokuqhuma, yaneliswa ngokuphelele ngamanzi emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, i.e. I-20-22 ° C. I-Haplochromis multicolor iyinhlanzi ethokozayo, ngakho-ke ifakwa ikakhulukazi ngokudla okubukhoma. Emvelweni, le nhlobo inebanga elikhulu futhi isatshalaliswa ngaphezu kwensimu enkulu, ngakho-ke i-haplochromis multicolor ihlanganisa ama-ecotypes amaningana ahluka ngombala nosayizi. Abesilisa banesambatho esimibalabala, futhi ezimweni eziningi i-anal yabo ihlotshiswe ngendawo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu enemibala efana namaqanda. Kwabesifazane abanemibala enesizotha, amabala anjalo awabonakali kalula noma awekho.
Ukuze zizalaniswe, iqembu elikhethiwe labakhiqizi lifakwa emgqonyeni wamalitha angama-50-100. Amanzi angathathwa ngamanzi empompo angaphenduki ngokungathathi hlangothi ku-pH 7.0 futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-26 ° C. Uma izindawo ezinwebayo zikhulu ngokwanele futhi kukhona izindawo zokukhosela ezanele kuyo, abesilisa abaningana bangavela ndawonye, kodwa inani labo kufanele lilingane nenani labesifazane ngesilinganiso sowesilisa oyedwa ku-3 -4 izintokazi. Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuhluma balungisa imigodi esihlabathini, lapho kubekwa amaqanda kamuva. Lapho kungekho sihlabathi, aneliswa yisigatshana noma ishubhu eliqinile.
Iziduna ziqhakaza nezinsikazi eziningana, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuqhuma azakhi ngazimbili ezinzile, insikazi inakekela amaqanda noFry. Amaqanda anombala wewolintshi, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhluma nokufaka umquba ngowesilisa, athathwa ngowesifazane emlonyeni wakhe futhi afakwe esakeni elikhethekile laryngeal. Lesi sikhwama sikhulu kakhulu ukuthi singakwazi ukuhlalisa amaqanda acishe abe yi-100 ukuze afakwe.
Ngemuva kokusaphazeka, insikazi iyasuswa iyiswa endaweni yokukhosela, kodwa futhi ingahlukaniswa ngokusebenzisa isikejana esinamandla angama-6-10 amalitha. Abesifazane badluliswa kanye namashubhu abaphephela kuwo ngemuva kokuqhuma, beqikelela kakhulu. Ukukhula kwamaqanda ama-embryonic kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12- 12, kuthi emva kwalokho kuvela ama-6mm mm emlonyeni wowesifazane, okuphephela kuwo izinsuku eziningana lapho kusengozini nasebusuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe, izibungu ziyaguquka zibe-gazinga bese izinsikazi zingcono ukutshala. I-young Haplochromis multicolor idla ngokudla okuncane okubukhoma (zooplankton). Ngokuvamile, ukutshalwa kwefry akukulethi izinkinga ezithile.
Incazelo
I-Aulonokara multicolor inezimpawu zangaphandle ezilandelayo:
- imibala yokuhlobisa (umzimba ophuzi-olintshi, embozwe amabala amathunzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka),
- umzimba obunjwe okweqanda obuthambile ezinhlangothini
- ukuba khona kwenhlawulo enkulu ekhonjiwe emuva,
- ubude bomzimba bufika kumasentimitha ayi-15.
Abasolwandle abangenalwazi bayazibuza ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlala khona. Ezimweni ezidalwe kahle, isikhathi sokuphila kwabo singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-8.
Ukuphila endalweni
Umuntu ochaziwe uhlobene ngqo nohlobo lwe-Afrika u-Akar. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akwenzeki endalweni. Le cichlid ingumphumela wokukhethwa ngokucophelela. Ngalesi sizathu, akukho lwazi mayelana nendawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi ngokwemvelo.
Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium ziyindalo enhle efunwayo. Ukuze angaguli, akhule kahle, andele, kubalulekile ukubheka izimo eziyisisekelo lapho uhlela i-aquarium. Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele abe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- izinga lokushisa - 24-27 ° C,
- ukuqina - kusuka kumayunithi angama-8 kuye kwangama-16,
- i-acidity (pH) - ukusuka kumayunithi angama-7 kuye kwayi-8.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amanzi kumele ahlanzeke ngaso sonke isikhathi, asha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abasemanzini batusa ukuhlinzeka ithangi lezinhlanzi ngesihlungi ngisho ne-compressor ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo zibe nomoya owanele. Okungenani ikota yesisindo samanzi idinga ukushintshwa masonto onke. Umthamo wethangi kwinhlanzi eyodwa akufanele ube ngaphansi kwamalitha angama-80, ke, uma kukhona ama-5-6 awo, okungenani amalitha angama-200.
Ama-cichlid awathandi ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga izibani ezinikeza ukukhanya okungahambi kahle. Inketho enhle kakhulu yenhlabathi ngamatshe amatshe aqhekezekile, isihlabathi esiqhekekile, isendlalelo sawo okufanele okungenani sibe ngu-5 cm. Abanye bakhetha imvuthuluka eyenziwe ngamakhorali. Mayelana nokubekwa kwezitshalo, akudingeki ukuthi kube khona kuzo.
Imvamisa i-aulonokara ithanda isikhala, isikhala esiningi samahhala. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwenani elincane lezitshalo ezinjenge-anubias, i-echinodorus, i-nymphaeum akubathikazeli. Akufanele kube nezinto eziningi zokuhlobisa e-aquarium. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inhlanzi ishiywe ingenele izitshalo, umhlobiso we-substrate. Ngakho-ke bazokwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka bezungeza i-aquarium.
Ukuvumelana nokuziphatha
I-Aulonokara inokuthula impela ngokwemvelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho indlela esebenza ngayo kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ayisiyo ulaka. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezithile zabantu abangcono ngazo ukungazigcwalisi ethangini elilodwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- pseudotrophyus demasoni,
- i-haplochromis cornflower eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka,
- pseudotrophheus pawnshop,
- melanochromis auratos,
- cichlid of Lake Tanganyika.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingekile ukwanda umuntu ochaziwe ngezilwane ezihlukumezanayo ezihlobene. Ama-Aulonocars azohlupheka kuphela endaweni enjalo. Ukuhambisana okuhle kwabantu abathile kugcinwa kanye:
- ikhekhe (Antsistruses),
- labidochromeis ophuzi,
- "Cadango",
- oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- dolphin oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Lapho ukhetha omakhelwane be-aulonocare, kubalulekile ukubheka ubuntu obuthile bokuhlanganisela ukudla kwakhe ekhaya, kanye nobunzima bokugcinwa nokunakekelwa.
Ukondla
Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi abantu abachaziwe abathobeki kokudla. Ukudla okulungele noma ngubani, kokubumbana nangendlela yamaflakes. Abantu abazideleli ukudla "okubukhoma", isibonelo, ama-cyclops, i-artemia ne-corvette. Ama-bloodworms kufanele anikezwe ngokulinganisela. Ama-Aquarists ancoma ukucebisa ukunika izintandokazi ekuphakelweni okuqukethe inani elithile lama-carotenoids, ngoba lokhu kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa amathunzi abomvu enhlanzini.
Abanye abalimi be-cichlid batusa ukuzenzela okwabo ukudla. Ukwenza kube ekhaya, uzodinga izithako ezilandelayo:
- inyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (imbaza, umhluzi),
- amacembe alethisi acwebile,
- isipinashi esinezikali, ithanga noma i-zucchini,
- ama-marigold petals (athengiswa ekhemisi),
- isafroni,
- paprika.
Zonke izakhi zingumhlabathi futhi zixubekile. Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze inqwaba ephumayo ibe namandla aphindwe kabili ngosuku ngosuku ukuze ugweme ukudambisa izilwane ezifuywayo ngokweqile. Ukondla i-aulonokara kuhilela ukushintshwa kwezinhlobo eziningana zokudla.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Ama-aquarists angenalwazi ngokuvamile azibuza ukuthi angawuthola kanjani ubulili bale nhlanzi atholakele. Ukwahluka okuyinhloko kwabantu abathile kunqunywa umbala. Kwabesilisa kuvame ukugqama kakhulu kunabesifazane. Isidumbu salaba bantu sinombala ompunga, ngenxa yokuthi bavame ukudidaniswa nabanye abamele umndeni we-cichl.
Ukuzalela nokuzalela
Ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi kungenzeka kokubili ku-aquarium ejwayelekile nakathangi elihlukile. Kubalulekile ukuthi owesilisa azungezwe "amantombazane" amaningana, futhi ubuhle bendawo babuhlinzeka izindawo eziningi zokuhlala. Lokhu akudingeki ukuze izinhlanzi zikwazi "ukuthatha umhlalaphansi", kodwa ukuze owesifazana akwazi ukucasha ebukhomeni obuyinqaba lowesilisa, uma engakulungele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sinakekele ukuthi iduna libone indawo evulekile endaweni engaphansi, lapho lizolungisa khona umgodi wokuhlanza. Amatshe amaflethi nawo afanelekile kulezi zinhloso. Ukuze ukwenziwa kwezinhlanzi kube yimpumelelo, izinga lokushisa lesisindo samanzi kufanele okungenani libe ngu-30 ° C. Owesifazane, owaphendula othandweni lowesilisa, nakanjani kufanele abeke amaqanda emgodini awudalile. Lapho-ke "ubaba" wesikhathi esizayo uzomfaka.
Insikazi ibamba amaqanda avundisiwe emlonyeni wayo, lapho ibamba khona amasonto amathathu. Ngakho-ke, ama-aulonocars avikela inzalo ukuba ingadliwa ezinye izinhlanzi.
Izifo, ukuvimbela kwazo
Abamele abachaziwe bomndeni wakwaTsykhlov abanazo iqoqo elithile lezifo abazalwa lazo. Ukuze izifo zidlule izinhlanzi, kubalulekile ukuba uzinikeze izimo zokuphila ezanele. Lokhu impela ukuvimbela kwabo.
I-Aulonokara multicolor iyinhlanzi enhle, engajwayelekile yase-aquarium, eqinisekisa incazelo yayo. Ama-aquarists angenalwazi akufanele aqale, ngoba idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu ezethemba ngamakhono abo, ungathatha ithuba. Into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka inhlanzi ngezimo ezifanele zokuphila nokudla.
Izimo
Zonke izinhlanzi ezingamalungu omndeni we-cichlid zidinga ama-aquarium amakhulu ukuze abe khona ntofontofo, futhi i-multicolor aulonocar iyahlukile. Ubuncane bama-80l wezinhlanzi ezimbalwa, futhi ngobukhulu iqembu, likhulu inani abalidingayo ukuze bahlale. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunconyelwa ukugcina lezi zinhlanzi ziseqoqweni labantu abangu-6-10 elinabantu abaningi, futhi ukuze zilondolozwe i-aquarium akukho ngaphansi kwamalitha angama-200. Uma kukhona omakhelwane abavela kwezinye izinhlobo, kufiseleka ukuthola ithangi elinomthamo wamalitha angama-300 noma ngaphezulu.
Isici esibalulekile senhlala-kahle ye-aulonocar multicolor cichlids ukuhlanzeka nobusha bamanzi. Ukuze ulondoloze ikhwalithi efanelekile yamanzi, uzodinga isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle, futhi kuya ngevolumu ye-aquarium ne-compressor. Amapharamitha wamanzi we-Optimum: izinga lokushisa - 24-27 ° С, ubunzima - kusuka ku-8 ° dH nangaphezulu, i-acidity - 7-8рН.
Isihlabathi sama-coarse noma amatshe amatshe amahle ayasebenza njengomhlabathi; ama-coral chip angaba yisisombululo esihle kakhulu. Ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezitshalo akudlali indima ekhethekile, inani labo eliphakathilingwe libhekwa njengesixazululo esihle kakhulu (njengenketho - echinodorus, anubias, nymphaeum). Kubalulekile ukwakha inqwaba yezindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene, kepha ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kunezindawo zamahhala zenhlabathi noma amatshe acwebile (uma uhlela ukuzala izinhlanzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izizathu ezihlukile).
Ukukhanyisa kungenzeka noma yikuphi, ukukhanya okulinganiselwe okulinganiselwe noma amalambu anesethi ethile yemigqa muhle.
Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Lapho ukhetha omakhelwane i-aulonokar multicolor kungcono ukugxila kwezinhlanzi ezinokuthula ngokufanayo ezinamasayizi afanayo. Imvamisa, izinhlobo ezihlobene nazo zikhethwa njengama-cohabitants - i-labidochromeis ephuzi, i-Copadichromis "I-Cadango, i-blue aki, i-dolphin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunokuhlukahluka kokugcina i-catfish ngama-ancistruse.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pseudotrophaeus zingaba omakhelwane abangafaneleki, ngoba ziyohlangana zilandelane, kepha kuzoba nezinkinga ngokudla. Ama-Aulonokaras adinga ama-feeds ahlanganisiwe enyama + uhlaza, kuyilapho ama-pseudotrophies edinga kuphela ukusetjenziswa okusekwe ezitshalweni, ngaphandle kwalokho ayoba nezinkinga zokugaya.
Awukwazi ukuqukatha i-aulonocar enezinhlobo ezinjenge-pseudotrophaeus demasoni, i-cornflower haplochromis (izimpi ezihlala njalo phakathi kwabesilisa azinakugwenywa), i-pseudotrophyus paw paw, melanochromis auratos, futhi nokuphila ngama-cichlid eLake Tanganyika akusiyanga.
11.01.2015
I-Haplochromis multicolor (lat. Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor) ingemndeni wamaCichlids (Cichlidae). Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge- chromis bulti.
Ama-cichlid adla omiyane bomalaleveva bese anikeza usizo olukhulu ekulweni nomalaleveva. Ezinye zazo zifinyelela ngosayizi omkhulu. Inyama yabo inambitheka kakhulu, ngakho-ke bangokwenhlanzi ezentengiso. Ama-cichlid amaningi ayaziswa ngabasemanzini ngokubonakala kwabo okuhle nokuziphatha kokuqala kokuzala.
Habitat
I-Haplochromis multicolor ihlala emanzini ahlanzekile eMpumalanga Afrika. Esikhathini esiningi, le nhlanzi ingabonakala eMfuleni iNayile kanye nezinhlawulo zayo eziningi, amachibi, imisele yokunisela, amachibi, amadamu kanye nemithombo.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuba khona kokukhululeka kwe-chromis bulti lilele ebangeni ukusuka ku-20 ° C kuya ku-26 ° C.
Indlela yokuphila
I-Haplochromis multicolor ihola impilo yansuku zonke futhi ihlala emanzini asogwini. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinhlanzi ziyahlangana ezikoleni ezincane. Le mihlambi ihlala itholakala eduzane nezitshalo, lapho icasha khona ngesikhathi sengozi noma ichitha isikhathi sobusuku. Inhlanzi ingumhlaseli, idla izikelemu, ama-mollusks, ama-tadpoles nezinambuzane.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-multicolor ithatha isimo sokulinda ukubona. Lapho inyamazane isiseduzane nomlomo, yilapho kuphela lapho kuba khona ukuhlaselwa okusheshayo.
Izinhlobo eziningana zama-cichlid zingahlala ngokuthula echibini elilodwa, ngalinye likhetha noma yisiphi isidlo esithandayo. Abanye badla i-caviar yezihlobo zabo, kanti abanye badla izibungu zabo.
Ezinye izinhlanzi zijaha insikazi nge-caviar kuze kube yilapho umama okhathele evula umlomo wakhe futhi ekhulula inzalo yakhe. Ama-dodger ahlukile abamba imilomo yawo ngezindebe zawo futhi amunca amaqanda ngokuqondile emilonyeni yawo. Phakathi kwama-cichlids, izimuncagazi zitholakala ukuthi zikha izikali kwezinye izinhlanzi.