I-turtle sea turtle (loot) okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezivela emndenini wakwaDermochelyidae osaphila kuze kube namuhla. Ubalwa kuqala ngosayizi phakathi kwazo zonke izimfudu futhi kubhekwa njengokusheshisa kwawo ukubhukuda. Ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwenombolo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-90, le nhlobo yayisisondele ekuqothulweni. Njengamanje, ivikelwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) futhi ibhalwe ku-Red Book njengasengozini.
Izici Zokubonakala
Isici esikhulu se-loot usayizi waso umxhwele. Ubude bomuntu omdala bufika kumamitha amabili, isisindo singaphezu kwengxenye yethani, futhi ukukhukhuleka okungamamitha amathathu kwemilenze yangaphambili kuvumela ufudu lubhukude ngejubane elikhulu.
Imidwebo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo inesimo senhliziyo futhi ihlukile emthanjeni wayo. Ingxenye yayo engenhla iqukethe amapuleti amathambo ahlanganisiwe ambozwe esikhunjeni esiminyene futhi akha izingxenyana eziyisikhombisa ezinde emhlane kanye ezinhlanu ezifanayo ngesisu. Njengomphetho wamaphini, apendwe ngombala ophuzi ophuzi.
Emadodeni, i-carapace iboshwe ngemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubulili bezilwane ezifuywayo bunganqunywa ngumsila - emadodeni yinde.
Isikhumba sofudu sinombala onsundu omnyama, ompunga omnyama noma omnyama ongaxekile wezindawo ezimhlophe.
Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo eziseduzane, ukuphanga akunamandla okudonsa ikhanda lakhe ngaphansi kwegobolondo. Isilwane esifuyayo sinamehlo amancane maqondana nosayizi wekhanda. Imihlathi engenhla ifakwe amazinyo amabili amakhulu, kanti imiphetho ebukhali nengalingani yomlomo wethambo (i-ramfoteca) isebenza njengamazinyo.
Emlonyeni wefudu kunezihlakala ezibekwe umphimbo futhi zimboze yonke indawo ye-esophagus. Umsebenzi wazo ukugcina inyamazane ebanjiwe nokukhuthaza ukudla ukungena esiswini.
Habitat
Iningi lamafudu asemuva kwesikhumba ahlala emanzini. Bahlukaniswa yisifiso esingenakuvinjwa sokuhamba, ngakho-ke batholakala yonke indawo - ngasogwini lwase-Australia, Japan, eChile, e-Argentina, e-Iceland, eNorway nakwamanye amazwe.
Izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zamafudu asemuva kwesikhumba ziyaziwa ukuthi zikhona:
- I-West Pacific.
- I-East Pacific.
- I-Atlantic.
Uhla oluphambili luwela ezindaweni ezishisayo zezilwandle zaseNdiya, Atlantic nasePacific. Kepha kube nezimo zokuhlangana nalezi ezihubhayo emanzini we-latitude eshisayo.
Lezi zilwane ziyabonakala nasezindaweni zamanzi ezwekazi laseRussia - eBering naseLwandle lwaseJapan, kanye naseziqhingini zaseKuril.
Njalo ngeminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu, izinsikazi zibuyela ezingxenyeni zazo zokunakekela amaqanda. Esikhathini sokuzala kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, angatholakala osebeni lolwandle lweCaribbean, isiqhingi saseCeylon neMalay Archipelago.
Ukudla
Ukudla kungama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi gazinga, izinyoni zasolwandle kanye nezimbaza. Kepha phakathi kwako konke ukwahlukahlukana kokudla olwandle, ukuphanga kuthanda ukudla ku-jellyfish. Imvamisa abameleli “abanobuthi” balo mndeni batholana “etafuleni,” ngakho-ke, amanoni nenyama yamafudu angaba yingozi kubantu.
Ukuzala
Ukuze zidleke, zikhetha amabhishi anesihlabathi sendawo eshisayo. Inqubo yokubeka amaqanda yiqembu ngokwemvelo. Izinkulungwane zezinsikazi zibuthana endaweni eyodwa. Izindawo ezidumile ezidlekayo:
- Ugu lwePacific lwaseMexico - lufika kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngonyaka.
- I-Western Malaysia - kuze kufike ku-2000 izimfudu ngonyaka.
- I-French Guiana - ezingaphezu kwezi-6 izinkulungwane ngonyaka.
Kutholakala izigcawu ezimbalwa zabesifazane ogwini lwase-Indonesia nase-Australia. Kepha lokhu akuzona zonke izingwegwe ezithandwe amafudu asemuva kwesikhumba. Imvamisa baya ngasikhathi sinye ngamunye.
Ngesizini eyodwa, insikazi ingaba nezinhlaka eziyisithupha ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku eziyi-10. Inqubo yokubeka iqanda yenzeka ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Owesifazane uhlahlela ogwini ngenhla kwamagagasi agasele umgodi ojulile esihlabathini, ongaphezu kwemitha eyodwa ukujula. Kuyo, ubeka amaqanda aqukethe isikhumba kusuka kuma-30 kuya kwangama-130 (ngokwesilinganiso izingcezu ezingama-80), ezifika kububanzi obuyi-6 cm futhi zifane nebhola lomphebezo elisesimweni. Lapho usuqedile, ufudu lubopha isidleke, lunyakazise isihlabathi ngaphezulu kwalo, bese lintanta olwandle.
Ngokuzayo, insikazi izobe isilungele ukuzalaniswa eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Impilo nokukhishwa kofudu wesikhumba
Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, izimfudu ezincane ezinsundu yesandla somuntu zivela emaqanda. Ngokubukeka, azihlukile kubantu abadala. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamawundlu kukhethwa isidleke kuya phezulu bese kugijimela olwandle. Okwamanje, iningi labo liyafa ekuhlolweni kwabazingeli abalindile. Ngokwezibalo, ngama-40% kuphela azo zonke izingwegwe ezihlafunekile ezifika emanzini.
Ubusha bofudu be-leatherback bubonakala ngokukhula kancane - banezela okungenani amasentimitha angama-20 ngonyaka. Kuze kube yilapho amawundlu evuthiwe, ahlala ngaphezu kolwandle. Lapha baba izisulu zabazingela olwandle. Ngemuva kwalokho bayakwazi ukujwila ngokujula ngaphezu kwe-1,2 km, basindise izimpilo zabo.
Ama-turtle wesikhumba asebenza ubusuku nemini futhi ahamba amabanga amade efuna ukudla. Banikela iningi lezimpilo zabo kulo msebenzi, njengoba bekhulisa inkanuko.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele, ukuphanga kunezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Kepha uma umuntu esenquma ukumhlasela, uzokhipha udlubulundlu olunobudlova futhi asheshe ukungena ekujuleni.
Ama-turtles abe esekulungele ukuzalaniswa kuphela lapho esefika eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Njengoba bakhetha ukuba bodwa futhi bangezi ngababili, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangana nomuntu wobulili obuhlukile ezilwandle ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi igcina isidoda sendoda ngaphakathi kwayo isesimweni esihle. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize inzalo ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwakhe iminyaka eminingana.
Izikhumba zesikhumba ziphila isikhathi eside. Isilinganiso sempilo yabo esijwayelekile siyiminyaka engama-50.
Amandla abantu nezindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo
Umsebenzi wesintu uhlobene ngqo nokuncipha kwenani lamafudu asemuva kwesikhumba. Abazingeli baqothula izilwane ezindala ukuze bathole inyama namafutha, baqoqe amaqanda abo afanele ukudliwa. Izilwane eziningi ezihuquzelayo ziyafa, ziboshwe ngamanethi okudoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho izindawo zokudla ezidlekayo ziyancipha ngokushesha ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwebhizinisi lezokuvakasha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuphumula.
I-International Center for the Study of Endangered Species e-USA ikhombe imbangela yokufa kokweqile. Njengomphumela wokuqothuka kwezilwane ezi-15 ezifile, eziyi-11 zazo zazinezisu ezigcwele izikhwama zepulasitiki. Ngokusobala, izimfudu zibabheka njenge-jellyfish.
Ukulonda izinhlobo ze-IUCN, kuye kwenziwa izindlela ezikhethekile:
- Vimbela ukuzingela nokukhetha amaqanda.
- Ukuvikelwa kwezindawo ezidlekayo.
- Ukuqoqwa kwamaqanda ezindaweni zokubekwa, kulandelwa ukubekwa kwazo ezimweni zokufakwa ngaphakathi kuze kube kuvela amathole. Emva kwalokho, badedelwa olwandle oluvulekile.
Ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe, inani lenyuke kakhulu, kepha kuze kube manje lokhu akwanele.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
I-Loot inokuhlukahluka okubalulekile okuvela kwezinye izinhlobo. Futhi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kufanele kusolwe ngalokhu, kubaqondise emagatsheni ahlukahlukene entuthuko. Ukungafani kofudu lwesikhumba kuyathakazelisa kakhulu phakathi kwabaphenyi, futhi amaqiniso afisa ukwazi ngayo ayathandeka.
- Ziyizimfudu zasolwandle ezisheshayo, ezingakwazi ijubane ukuya kuma-35 km ngehora, futhi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emndenini wonke. EWales, kutholakale umuntu obude bawo obungamamitha angama-2,91 nobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-2.77.
- I-metabolism yesilwane iphindwe amahlandla ama-3 kunezinye ezinye izimfudu. Lokhu kuchaza isifiso sakhe esiqhubekayo sokufuna ukudla. Inani lokudla okudliwayo nsuku zonke lingama-75% esisindo sezilwane ezihuquzelayo, futhi okuqukethwe yi-caloric kudlula okwejwayelekile amahlandla ayisikhombisa.
- Amandla okugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba elihlala livumela lesi silwane ukuba sibe semanzini abandayo anamazinga okushisa aze afike ku-12 ° C. Lokhu kutholakala ngenxa yokudla okuphezulu nobubanzi obukhulu bamafutha angaphansi.
- Umsebenzi we-Loot uphikelela amahora angama-24. Ukulala kuthatha kuphela i-1% yesikhathi sansuku zonke.
- Esimweni esibi ngokweqile, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukungena ngaphansi kobunzulu be-1,3 km futhi sibambe umoya waso imizuzu engama-70.
- Ubulili bamawundlu esikhathi esizayo kuncike ekushiseni okukhona. Ngakho-ke, ngokwehla kwenkomba yokushisa, abesilisa abaningi bayabopha, kanye nokwanda kwabesifazane.
- Ngokusho kwesikhungo seScience eMassachusetts (USA), ufudu oluyisikhumba lubonwa njengento efuduka kunazo zonke. Ekufuneni izindawo zokudla nezidleke, inqoba amabanga amakhulu amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.
Ufudu olunesikhumba luyisidalwa esimangalisa ngempela esisinde kuze kube manje. Kepha okwenziwe ngumuntu kunomthelela olimazayo enanini lalezi zilwane, okuholela ekubhujisweni ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yezinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo, abantu basengayibona impilo yayo. Siyethemba ukuthi umsebenzi we-IUCN awulona ize futhi isikhathi sizofika lapho ukuphangwa kususwa khona kwiBhuku elibomvu.
I-turtle sea turtle (loot) okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezivela emndenini wakwaDermochelyidae osaphila kuze kube namuhla. Ubalwa kuqala ngosayizi phakathi kwazo zonke izimfudu futhi kubhekwa njengokusheshisa kwawo ukubhukuda. Ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwenombolo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-90, le nhlobo yayisisondele ekuqothulweni. Njengamanje, ivikelwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) futhi ibhalwe ku-Red Book njengasengozini.