IBat - isilwane esinyanyisayo esinezilwane ezincelisayo ezisendaweni enabantu abaningi, uhlobo lwamalulwane, kubhekwa njengesilwane esiyimfihlakalo kunazo zonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bat iwukuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezihamba emoyeni, ngenxa yaleli khono ezazithi ziyinyoni. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingama-viviparous, zondla amantshontsho alo ngobisi, okuyinto izinyoni ezingazenzi.
Indlela yokuphila yobusuku yalezi zilwane nokubukeka okwesabisayo kwakha izinganekwane eziningi ezizungezile, futhi abanye banesiqiniseko sokuthi izilwane ezincane ezilele ezindaweni ezifihliwe phezulu zodwa zingama-vampires wangempela adla abantu nezilwane ukuphuza igazi lazo. Akuyona yonke into kulamasiko inganekwane.
Imvelaphi yegama le-bat
Igama elithi “bat” uqobo lavela ngesiRussia kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, ngenxa yokuhunyushwa kwencwadi yesiJalimane. Le nguqulo yezemibhalo yathatha izimpande, futhi yile ndlela izilwane zeqembu waqala ngazo ukubizwa ngokuthi amalulwane.
E-Russia, bekunamanye amagama: i-bat, isikhumba, iphathi yakusihlwa, ukukhanya ebusuku, umgibeli wehhashi, ushan, umcibisholo womcibisholo, ishubhu nabanye. Zonke zibonisa uphawu lwangaphandle lwalezo ezincelisayo noma izici zendlela yazo yokuphila.
Into efanayo iyabonakala egameni lesimanje. Izilwane ezingenabuhlobo nge-rodent oda zifana kakhulu ngokubukeka. Yebo, futhi umsindo we-bat ufana nokuqina kwamagundane, futhi amandla endiza enezela incazelo eseyigama leqembu le-bat.
Izimpiko
Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zilwane ngamaphiko. Kwakungenxa yokuba khona kwengxoxo ende: i-bat iseseyinyoni noma isilwane.
Izimpiko zingama-membranes acwebezelayo athe alulwa phakathi kwezingalo nangemuva. Ngokungafani nezinyoni, amalulwane awanazo izimpaphe, futhi ulwelwesi luxhumeke kwiminwe emide kakhulu yangaphambili.
Ama-mappan, ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, angahluka kusuka ku-16 cm kuye ku-1.5 m. Naphezu kokukhubazeka okubonakalayo, ayakwazi ukubekezelela imithwalo ebalulekile futhi athuthukise ijubane lendiza elingafika ku-20 km / h.
Isikhumba se-Bat
Umzimba wezilwane mncane: umgogodla umfushane kakhulu kunamaphambekeli aguquliwe aneminwe emihlanu enezinsila ezibukhali. Isilwane asinazo izitho eziqinile, i-humerus ifinyeziwe, ngakho-ke ukuhamba kwayo phansi kuncane, into esemqoka kubo ukundiza.
Isigaxa siyindilinga ngesibunji esifinyeziwe ngaphambili kwezinye izinhlobo futhi siphakathi kwezinye. Uma ubheka amalulwane, umzimba awabonakali. Kubukeka sengathi anekhanda nezimpiko.
Izilwane zinomsila ongamboziwe izinwele. Kwabaningi, kusebenza njengento evumelana nezinto ezenziwa ngesikhathi sendiza.
Izindlebe zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yesilwane esingenawo umbono obukhali. Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, zinkulu.
Amanethiwekhi amaningi emithambo yegazi anondla izindlebe, ngoba ukuhlanganyela kwazo empilweni yamalulwane kuwanikeza amandla okuhamba nokuzingela.
Izilo zenza imisindo ecashile, okuthi, kusukela ezintweni, ibuye. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto emhlabeni ibizwa ngokuthi i-echolocation. Amandla okubamba ngisho nemisindo ethule ngokweqile ngejubane lombani isiza amalulwane ukundiza ebusuku, ukuzwa ukuhamba kwezisulu ezinamandla.
Amehlo
Amalungu anendlela yokuphila yobusuku, leyo enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yathinta amehlo abo. Amehlo amancane ngosayizi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo atholakala phambi kwesiqalo.
Kepha kulezi zilwane kukhona okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo esikhiqiza amaqabunga eCaliforni ngesinye isikhathi sincika kakhulu ekuboneni kunokuzwa ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Uma i-bat ihlala njengesilwane esifuywayo, lapho-ke uye wabona ukuthi akuvamile ukundizela egumbini okukhanyiselwe kulo, futhi ukuze ilibambe, vele likhanyise isibani esikhanyayo, isilwane masinyane siyeke ukundiza.
Nakanjani wonke amalulwane anamazinyo: emhlathini umuntu angabuka izimbumbulu, amazinyo namazinyo wangaphambi kokujikijela, kanye noxhaxha. Kepha inani labo, ubukhulu nesakhiwo kuncike kuphela kulokho amalulwane adla endaweni yemvelo.
Lawo amalulwane, okudla kwawo kuqukethe izinambuzane, anamazinyo afinyelela kwangama-38, futhi ubude bama-fangs awo nawo angahluka. Kumagundane ancela igazi, njengomthetho, umhlathi uqukethe amazinyo angama-20, futhi awawona maningi futhi akhula njengabalingani bawo abangavikeleki.
Wool
Izinhlobo eziningi zamalulwane zinombala obuthuntu: onsundu, onsomi, onsomi emnyama. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo sokunganakwa ngesikhathi sokuzingela ebusuku. Kodwa ngisho naphakathi kwalezi zilwane kukhona ama-mods angempela: izinhlobo zalabo abadla izinhlanzi zaseMexico zino-orenji okhanyayo noma ophuzi. Kukhona amalulwane ethunzini elinemibala ekhanyayo: i-fawn, uphuzi okhanyayo.
I-Honduran white bat inesithunzi esimhlophe soboya bezindlebe nezindlebe ezimpunga ezikhanyayo.
Izinga lokuloba nalo lingase lihluke. Kunezilwane ezinobuthongo obukhulu futhi obunamaqabunga, ubude obude nobude.
Isikhumba esinezimpawu ezimbili
Indawo yokuhlala yabamele lolu hlobo cishe wonke amazwe ase-Europe. Ungahlangana naye eRussia, kusuka eningizimu yeSiberia kuya emngceleni osentshonalanga. Bahlala ezintabeni, nasehlathini, nasezintabeni. Ezinye izilwane zalolu hlobo zihlala kalula ngisho nophahla lwezindlu zamadolobha amakhulu.
Ubude bomzimba walawa amalulwane bufika ku-6.5 cm, kanti amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-33. Ngaso leso sikhathi, anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-23. Ubukhulu obunjalo benza kube nokwenzeka ukusho ukuthi isikhumba esinamaphimbo amabili yisibaya esikhulu.
Umbala wokuqala wesilwane wachaza igama lawo: izindlebe, isizalo namaphiko cishe acishe abe mnyama, ingemuva linombala onsundu, kanti isisu sikhanya grey noma simhlophe.
Izimpaphe ezinamaphimbo amabili zidla izinambuzane ebusuku.
Iphathi yakusihlwa enkulu
La malulwane ahlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu. Iphathi yakusihlwa enkulu kunazo zonke iyitimu enkulu kunazo zonke ehlala eRussia. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela ku-11 cm, isisindo - amagremu angama-70-80, kanye namaphiko - 45-50 cm.
Isilwane asinawo umbala ogqamile: imvamisa iba nsundu noma i-tan, isisu siphawuleka kalula kunasemuva. Kepha ukunganaki ukundiza kwalezi zidalwa kunzima ngokwanele, ngoba usayizi wazo uyamangalisa.
Lapho bebona impilo yephathi, bathola ukuthi la malulwane adla izinambuzane ezinkulu. E-Russia, bakhetha mabhungane kanye novemvane.
Bahlala kaningi ezihlahleni eziyize. Njengoba amazinga okushisa aphansi kungenzeka ezindaweni zokuhlala, ngenkathi ebandayo, izilwane ziyahamba, zikhetha izindawo ezifudumele kakhulu.
Igqabi elimhlophe
Isigujana esimhlophe sathola igama laso ngokubonakala kwaso kwangempela: uboya bawo bumhlophe enezindawo ezimpunga ezincane esiswini. Kepha ikhala nezindlebe zabamele balezinhlobo ziphuzi ezigqamile, futhi ukwakheka kwazo kufana namapheshana. Kubonakala sengathi lesi silwane sinamathela ekwindla.
Lesi ngesinye sabamele abancane bamalulwane: ubukhulu bomzimba abudluli ku-4-5 cm, futhi isisindo singama-gramu ayi-7 kuphela. Lincane kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi kuyinyoni.
Lesi simangaliso esimhlophe sihlala eNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, eHonduras, ePanama. Impilo yonke, bakhetha amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza, lapho bahlala bethola khona ukudla - i-ficus nezithelo.
Ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni kwesilwane kudonsela ukunaka, ngakho-ke i-bat ekhaya iya ngokuya ivama.
Ingulube Bat
Abamele le nhlobo babhekwa kufanele njengabancane kunazo zonke: isisindo sabo asidluli ama-2 amagremu, ubude bomzimba buyi-3-5 cm. Ngesinye isikhathi badideka ngama-bumblebees.
Banegama labo lekhala lasekuqaleni, elifana nengulube. Umbala ojwayelekile onsundu omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi onsundu onsundu. Ijazi esiswini linomthunzi olula.
Ihlala emalungeni ezingulube eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeThailand nakwezinye iziqhingi eziseduze. Kwezinye izindawo, azijwayelekile, ngakho-ke, zithathwa njengezigcwele kule ndawo.
Isici salezi zilwane ukuzingela kwabo okuhlangene: imvamisa babuthana emihlanjini encane futhi bandize bendawonye beyofuna izinambuzane ezincane.
Amalulwane amancane kunzima ukuwabona ngamehlo, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukubona impilo yawo.
I-hare enkulu
Lezi zilwane zihlala kule nsimu kusuka eningizimu yeMexico kuya enyakatho ye-Argentina, kanye naseBahamas naseAntilles.
I-hare enkulu i-bat enkulu: isisindo sayo kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kumagremu angama-80, ubukhulu bomzimba bufika ku-13.5 cm.
Izilwane zinesici sokufakelwa kombala ezithokozisayo: abesilisa babomvu ngokugqamile, kwesinye isikhathi babomvu ngisho nangomlilo, kepha izinsikazi ziba mnyama kakhulu, zimpunga ngombala.
Igama lesibili - ibha edla izinhlanzi - la malulwane atholakala ngenxa yemikhuba yokudla. Izilwane zithanda ukuhlala eduze namachibi. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukudla ukudla umvundla, hhayi kuphela izinambuzane, njengamalulwane amaningi, kepha nezinhlanzi ezincane, isikhuhlana esincane namasele.
Ngale ndlela, bangandiza bayozingela, ngokungafani nabameleli abaningi beqembu labo, ntambama.
Ubusuku obunamanzi
Impilo yabamele lolu hlobo lwachazwa ngokuningiliziwe usosayensi waseFrance uDobanton. Kwakuwukuhlonipha yena ukuthi lezi zilwane zithole igama lazo lesibili - ukukhanya kobusuku be-dobanton.
Izilwane ezincane kakhulu (ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-15, amaphiko - angabi ngaphezu kwama-27 cm, nobude bomzimba - u-5.5 cm) zithanda ukuzingela eduze kwamachibi, zikhetha omiyane nezinye izinambuzane eziphuza igazi.
Amalulwane amancane anendawo yokuhlala ebanzi: eRussia angatholakala endaweni ephansi yeVolga, eTssuri Territory, eSakhalin, Kamchatka, ePrimorsky Territory, ahlala kwamanye amazwe: eKazakhstan, e-Ukraine, eMongolia nase-Italy.
Kuyinto engabekezeleleki ngokubukeka (imvamisa yoboya bayo inombala onsundu omnyama), bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu, ababhubhisa izindimbane zezinambuzane.
Izindlebe ezi-brown
Ingxenye ephawuleka kakhulu yalawa malulwane yizindlebe zazo ezinkulu. Njengoba sinesisindo esingadluli kumagremu ayi-12 nosayizi womzimba ongu-5 cm, izindlebe kwesinye isikhathi zikhulu kunomzimba. Kepha abakwazi ukuzigqaja ngombala wokuqala: uboya babo obumpunga obunsundu bumangalisa kakhulu.
Ama-Earflaps atholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Eurasia, enyakatho ye-Afrika, eChina.
Emizini yabo, ifanela cishe noma iyiphi indawo: imihume, izakhiwo, izihlahla. Imvamisa, bandiza baye ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, kepha babuyela njalo ezindlini zabo ezindala.
Izindlebe ezinkulu ziyamvumela ukuba azingele ngisho nasebumnyameni ngokuphelele.
I-Bat dwarf
Kubhekwa njengommeleli omncane weqembu le-bat elihlala eYurophu. Umzimba wayo ungo-4 cm ubude futhi unesisindo esingu-6. Abamele bale nhlobo banomsila omude - ongafika ku-3.5 cm.
Umbala wesilwane uncike esifundeni sendawo yokuhlala: ezilwaneni ezihlala e-Asia, liphuzi, liphuzi, ngombala onsundu waseYurophu.
Amalungu ahlala eduze nokuhlala kwabantu, ajwayele ukukhetha i-attic yezindlu nemihlambi.
Abamele lolu hlobo bathanda izinambuzane ezincane zokudla, ezisiza kakhulu, ziqothula izinkulungwane zomiyane kanye namaphakathi.
I-vampire ejwayelekile
Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zisakaza umbono wamalulwane njengama-vampires akwazi ukuphuza lonke igazi elivela esilwaneni noma kumuntu. Elinye igama yigazi elikhulu. I-enzyme equkethwe emathebeni alezi zilwane ingaba yingozi impela: ithinta ukuvela kwegazi. Ngisho nesilonda esincane singadala ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi. Futhi uma ama-bloodsuckers amaningana ehlasela ebusuku, khona-ke ukufa akunakugwenywa.
Lesi akusona isibumbu esikhulu kakhulu (esingenasisindo esingama-gramu ayi-50, futhi amaphiko afinyelela ku-20 cm) usuku lonke, silala sibheke phezulu endaweni yakhe yokucasha enkampanini enkulu yabafowethu, bese kuthi lapho sekumnyama siphume siyozingela. Ukhetha inyamazane yakhe phakathi kwezilwane ezilele, ikakhulukazi ukhetha izinkomo - azikwazi ukumelana. Ukukhetha indawo eseduze nemithambo emzimbeni, isilwane senza ukuluma futhi sikhothe egazini, eligeleza kalula kusuka enxebeni.
Ama-vampires ajwayelekile angahlaselwa ngabantu uma bechitha ubusuku ezindaweni ezitholakala ngokuhambela la malulwane.
Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo iningizimu naseMelika Ephakathi.
I-vampire emhlophe enamaphiko
Lowo omele le nhlobo unosayizi abalingana namalulwane: ubude bomzimba bufika ku-11 cm, isisindo sifinyelela kuma-40 amagremu, kanti amaphiko lawo aze afike ku-40 cm.
Njenge-vampire ejwayelekile, isilwane esinamaphiko amhlophe sihlala eNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Ijazi laso linombala obomvu onsundu, okukhanya okuthile esiswini.
I-vampire enamaphiko amhlophe ihlasela izinyoni, igazi lazo okungukudla kwesilwane.
I-Boreal vampire
Ihlala ezindaweni ezifanayo nabafowabo, idla igazi. Kepha abamele le nhlobo bangahlasela ngokuthula zombili izinyoni nezilwane.
Ngokungafani namanye amalulwane, i-vampire enezinyawo ezinyakazayo ayinakuzwa kahle okuthuthukile, ngakho-ke ezindizeni zayo ayithembi kakhulu ekuvumelaniseni ngezinkanyezi njengombono.
Umbala onsundu onsundu nosayizi omncane uyabavumela ukuba basondele kwizisulu zabo benganakile.
Abaphenyi abaningi baphawula ukuthi ama-vampires anezinyawo ezinyaweni awesabi nhlobo abantu: angandiza asondele kakhulu, cishe ahlala ezandleni zawo.
Ahlala kuphi amalulwane?
Uma sikhuluma ngezindawo lapho amalulwane ahlala khona, khona-ke kufanele sibhale uhlu lomhlaba wonke. Ukuphela kwendawo yezifunda ze-tundra namazwe ambozwe yiqhwa. Kulezi zimo zemvelo, impilo yamalulwane ayinakwenzeka. Azikho lezi zilwane eziqhingini ezithile ezikude, ngoba azikwazanga ukufika lapho.
Kuwo wonke amanye amagumbi omhlaba ungatholana nabamele lokhu kuthunyelwa. Ngisho nasemadolobheni amakhulu, emagumbini aphansi ezakhiwo eziphakeme, amalulwane ayathola indawo yokukhosela.
I-bat ngokwemvelo ithanda ukuhlala emihumeni, lapho, inamathela khona emaphethelweni, ilala ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi ekuqaleni kokuhwalala bayaphuma bayozingela. Kunemihume lapho kuhlala khona izinkulungwane zama-bat bat colonies. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuphakama kongqimba lokungcola kubo kufinyelela kumitha, okubonisa inani lezilwane nobude bokuhlala kule ndawo.
Lapho kungekho zindawo zokukhosela zemvelo, lezi zilwane zibekwa ezihlahleni, zicashe phakathi kwamagatsha. Kwesinye isikhathi bahlala emigodini elahliwe, bangazakhela indawo yokuhlala ngamaqabunga amakhulu, iziqu zemihlume, futhi bahlala ngisho nezithelo zezitshalo. Izidingo eziphambili zendlu yabo, lapho i-bat ilala khona usuku lonke, ukuphepha nokungabikho kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
Lezi zilwane azesabi nhlobo abantu, ngakho-ke zibekwa buthule egumbini lamagumbi lezindlu, imihlambi yezindlu, namakamelo emfuyo.
Indlela yokuphila yabalandeli
Amabhu ahlala kakhulu emakoloni, lapho kungahle kube khona amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. Ezinye izinhlobo ngesikhathi sokuphumula sasemini zinqwaba, ezinye zithanda ukulengiswa phansi ngokubekwa eceleni okuhle.
Ukuhlala ndawonye akusenzi ukuthi lezi zilwane zibe ngumhlambi, ngoba azakhiqizi noma yiziphi izinto ezihlanganyelwe: zizingela zodwa.
Amalungu nemindeni awadali. Ukuhlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalelana, ngokushesha akhohlwa ngomunye nomunye.
Ezifundeni lapho kunesikhathi sonyaka esibandayo, izilwane zingazifuqa, okuhlala izinyanga ezi-8. Ngalesi sikhathi, amalulwane aboshwe ngamaphiko awo, anamathiselwe phezulu endaweni ethile eseceleni futhi alale engadli.
Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukufuduka kwesizini. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, bandiza ezindaweni ezifudumele. Kwesinye isikhathi kulesi sikhathi amalulwane anqoba amabanga angafika kumakhilomitha ayi-1000.
Uma izimo zemvelo zivuma, izilwane zihlala zisebenza unyaka wonke.
Mangaki amalulwane ahlala?
Umbuzo othokozisayo usasele: iminyaka emingaki amalulwane ephila emvelweni? Isilinganiso sokuphila esiphindwe kabili seminyaka engu-5. Ukuthi mangaki amalulwane ahlala kuncike ezinhlotsheni. Kulezi zilwane kukhona nabakhulu beminyaka, iminyaka yabo engafinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.
I-bat ekhaya ivame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwesikhathi esabelwe yona ngokwemvelo, ngoba ayinakho amandla okusebenza ngokugcwele.
Amalulwane azala kanjani?
Ukukhiqizwa kwamalulwane kunezimpawu zawo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zezulu zizala amathole kabili ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokukhula asinandaba nabo. Indlela yokuphila yezimfihlo yamalulwane ayisivumeli ukuba sicabange ngokunembile ukuthi inqubo yokuthandana kwabantu besilisa iqhubeka kanjani.
Lezo zilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo ezishisayo ziletha inzalo kanye kuphela. Imvamisa kuvame ukwenzeka ekwindla, kuze kufike isikhathi lapho izilwane zingena ekubandakanyeni. Kepha isidoda esangena emzimbeni wowesifazane asilifaki ukuqanda ngokushesha iqanda, kodwa singabhuka okuthile kuze kuvuke.
Ngemuva kokuvinjwa kokubeletha, ukukhulelwa kuyaqala, isikhathi sokuya kuncike kohlobo kanye lokushisa okukhona: ngamazinga okushisa aphansi, ingane ikhula isikhathi eside.
Imvamisa, izinsikazi zizala ikonyana elilodwa, okuvame kakhulu kube kabili noma ezintathu. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, igundane liphenduka libheke phansi. Ingane izalwa iye phambili nezinyawo zayo, okuyivelakancane kakhulu ezincelisayo, ivele iwele esikhwameni somsila lapho ihlala khona isonto lonke. Ngemuva kwezingane, zicasha emashalofini bese zondla ngobisi. Kwakuyikhono leli lamalulwane axazulula impikiswano: ilulwane liyisilwane ezincelisayo noma cha, elithanda ukuzihlukanisa njengezilwane ezincelisayo.
Esontweni lokuqala, insikazi ihamba namazinyane ayo ekuzingeleni ebusuku. Ubambelela kunina ngesikhathi sendiza. Kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana aphoqelekile ukuba umshiye embozwe, ngoba ingane iba nesisindo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukundiza naye isikhathi eside.
Kungakapheli isonto, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezimbili, izingane zihlala zingasizakali ngokuphelele, futhi emva kwenyanga kuphela lapho ziqala ukuzingela ngokuzimele eduze nendawo yazo yokuhlala, hhayi kude nayo.
Ngabe idlozi lidlani futhi lizingela endle?
Cishe wonke amalulwane andiza ayozingela ngokuhlwa noma ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Into ekhona ukuthi umbono wabo uthuthuke kakhulu kunokuzwa. Amalulwane amaningi adla izinambuzane ezindizayo. Bezwa ukunyakaza kwabo futhi bacosha inyamazane empukane noma bathola phakathi kwamahlamvu.
Kukhona izilwane ezijabulela umpe wezimbali nezithelo zezihlahla zezithelo.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zidliwa yizimbungulu kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu.
Phakathi kwamalulwane kukhona iqulu, elihlanganisa amasele nezinhlanzi ezincane, ngaphandle kwezinambuzane. Izilwane zindiza ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi bese zibona ukuthi inyamazane engaba khona ingakanani.
Kepha ukopha igazi izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela, futhi zihlala eSouth and Central America. Bandiza bayokuzingela ebusuku, bathola izilwane, benza ukuluma nokukhotha igazi.
Izitha zabalandeli
Amalungu awanazo izitha eziningi ngokwemvelo, yize izilwane zincane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi indlela yasebusuku engabavumeli ukuba bahlangane ngemvelo nezilwane eziningi ezisebenzayo phakathi nosuku. Afihla izindlu zawo zokufihla ikhanda noma ahlala emikhakheni emikhulu, lapho kungesabisa khona ukungena ngezilwane eziningi nezinyoni.
Kepha izinyoni zasebusuku ezidla inyamazane (izikhova kanye nezikhova) zivame ukuhlasela amalulwane, yize kunzima kakhulu ukuzizingela: ukuthuthukiswa komqondo wesimo esivumayo kukuvumela ukuthi uqaphele ingozi futhi ugodle izigqoko nemilomo ebulalayo.
Kulezo zindawo zokugcina, lapho kuhlala khona izinyoka zezihlahla eziningi, amalulwane, ukucasha emagatsheni, akumnandi. Emini, izilwane, njengomthetho, zilala emashalofini futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi zisabele esitheni esikhasayo. Futhi abakwazi ukundiza ukukhanya kwelanga, ngenxa yalokho baba yizisulu zalezo zinyoka ezingadla amalulwane amancane.
Amakati, ikakhulukazi abantu abancane kanye nezinhlobo kuvame ukuwela ezintanjeni zesicabucabu. Abakwazi ukubona iwebhu ebanzi ebumnyameni, kulokhu i-echolocation ayisizakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kepha kungenzeka ukuzwa inambuzane eshaya kuwebhu yamalulwane. Kwesinye isikhathi izicabucabu ezinkulu, ezondla izilwane ezincane, azibulali ngokuqondile inyamazane ukuze zibambe esinye esikhulu - isibaya.
Eminye imihlambi kwesinye isikhathi iba ngukudla kwezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye - imithambo, izicubu zomzimba, ezidonsela phezulu ezilwaneni ezilele futhi zizibulale.
Kepha isitha esikhulu ngumuntu. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu babhubhisa yonke imalulwane ngoba nje ibabheka njengeyingozi. Yize izilwane ziletha izinzuzo eziningi, zichitha izinambuzane ezithwala izifo.
Kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu angabi nayo njengomgomo wakhe ukubulala amalulwane. Amanye umanyolo noma ama-pesticides ayingozi ezilwaneni ezindizayo.
Yini izinzuzo zamalulwane?
Emvelweni, amalulwane enza okuhle kakhulu kunokulimaza. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezincela igazi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi ngamalulwane athwala izifo.
Kepha babulala izinambuzane, okuthi, ukundiza kusuka kwesinye isilwane kuye kwesinye, kuyakwazi ukusabalalisa izifo. Ngenkathi, izilwane zidla inani elikhulu lomiyane, izimbungulu, nezimvemvane, eziningi zazo, ngokwesibonelo, emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, zihlushwa izifo ezibulalayo impela.
Vikela izingadi zamalulwane nomhlaba wezolimo ezinambuzaneni ezingabhubhisa izilimo noma zilimaze izihlahla nezihlahla.
Ngokundiza besuka kwesinye isitshalo baye kwesinye, bayasiza ukuba bazithuthe.
Ama-fall dropings angumanyolo omuhle kakhulu. Kweminye emihumeni, lapho kuhlala khona amakoloni ezilwane, kufinyelela kumitha yokumbiwa izidumbu.
Ama-enisa ama-Bats saliva asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.
I-bat yasekhaya
Muva nje, abantu baya ngokuya baphenduka izilwane ezifuywayo hhayi izinja namakati kuphela, kodwa nezinye izilwane ezihlukile, phakathi kwazo kukhona i-bat. Ekhaya, lezi zilwane zinezimpande, kepha azizizwa zikhululekile njengasesimweni semvelo. Uma usafuna ukugcina ipiki ekhaya, bese uzama ukuqinisekisa impilo yakhe eduze kwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Okokuqala, khumbula ukuthi amalulwane akhethekile ebusuku. Uma uhlela ukumbukela phakathi nosuku, lapho-ke kuyofanela uncome isilwane esilala ngaso. Kepha ebusuku isilwane sakho sizofuna ukundiza, esingadala ukuphazamiseka okuningi.
Indlu yezilwane zasekhaya
Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, i-bat ekhaya idinga indiza ebanzi kakhulu, lapho isilwane sizokwazi ukundizela khona. Kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa indlu ngamagatsha, indawo yokukhosela, ukuze isilwane sibe nethuba lokucasha ngesikhathi sokuphumula kosuku.
Imisebenzi ebalulekile yamalulwane incike ekushiseni kwama-ambient, ngakho-ke, egumbini okuhlala kulo isilwane, kufanele kube nama-degree angama-30, anele ukuhlala kahle komuntu.
Ikheji lezinyoni alihlali lilungele ukugcina amalulwane, ngoba ibanga eliphakathi kwezinduku lanele ukuze ubusuku obuhle obuthile ungathola ukuthi lesi silwane sindizela phezu kwamakhanda akho futhi sikujabulele ukudla izinambuzane.
Ungayondla kanjani i-bat ekhaya?
Emvelweni yemvelo, amalulwane amaningi athanda izinambuzane, zona ngokwazo eziyizisulu zazo, zenza izindiza zasebusuku. Ngendlela, nasekhaya kufanele bondliwe kusihlwa, kanye ngosuku.
I-bat ekhaya ayinawo amandla okuzondla, ngakho-ke ukudla okufuywayo kufanele kusondele emvelweni ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha lokhu akusho neze ukuthi abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezingejwayelekile kufanele babambe omiyane ngalo lonke kusihlwa bese bezisa ezilwaneni zabo ebhange. Yini okufanele inikezwe isitsha esincane, uma ihlala ekhaya?
Isilinganiso esilandelayo sizoba esifanele amalulwane:
- izimpethu, izimpuphu zezinambuzane, ama-gherkins amadala, isikhuphasha seqanda, uju wemvelo, ifomula yobisi yokondla izingane kuze kube inyanga.
Ukondla isilwane akulula kangako: ungangeza i-yolk eluhlaza, uju oluncane kanye no-Vitamin E kumxube wobisi. Udinga ukuthatha isilwane bese umnikeza ingxube nge-pipette. Ukugcina ingxube esele esiqandisini akunconywa.
Izinambuzane ezidliwayo zivame ukugcinwa ezitsheni, kodwa isikhashana. I-bat ibhukwana izokwamukela ngenjabulo ukudla, kepha akulula kakhulu ukumqeqesha ukuthi adle ezandleni zakhe. Kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni uzokwenqaba ukudla.
Ukwazi ukuthi yini amalulwane adla ubhedu empeleni ekhaya, khumbula ukuthi izilwane zingadla kuze kube yingxenye yesisindo sazo ngasikhathi, okuthi ngaphandle kokusebenza okuncane kungaba yingozi empilweni yazo. Musa ukubaphuza ngokweqile.
Amaqiniso athakazelayo ngamalulwane
- Umbono wasungulwa ngokuqinile wokuthi amalulwane angama-vampires aphuma ayozingela ebusuku futhi aphuze igazi lezisulu zawo. Lesi sahlulelo siwandisa kakhulu umqondo wesilwane, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Akuzange kube namacala amalulwane ahlasela abantu, kodwa eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika kunezinhlobo ezinamathela ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezingakwazi ukumelana nokuphuza igazi lazo. Naphezu kwalokho kudliwa amalulwane endle nasekhaya, azikho izilwane ezikhuluphele phakathi kwazo. Konke kukhulunywa ngemetabolism enhle. Bangakwazi ukugaya konke ukudla abakudlayo engxenyeni yehora, yize ngesikhathi sehora lokuzingela kwabo ezinye izinhlobo zingabamba futhi zidle izinambuzane ezingaba ngu-60. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi i-enzyme equkethwe amalulwane wamathe ingasiza abantu abaphethwe yisifo senhliziyo. Lapho esegazini lomuntu, le enzyme ivimbela ukuhlaselwa, futhi nokusebenzisa isikhathi eside kuphulukisa inhliziyo ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo olunzulu njengamanje luyaqhubeka kule ndawo. Ukukhumbula amaqiniso athakazelayo ngamalulwane, abaningi bazowabona amandla okulala alale phansi. Akekho noyedwa wabamele umhlaba wezilwane osaphumula kanjalo. Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sikhundla sivumela amalulwane ukuba aphumule futhi aphumule izicubu ezibandakanyeka endizeni. Futhi lokhu kusindisa amandla ngesikhathi sokuthatha ikhefu: lesi silwane simane siyeke imihlakulo ebisibambile, iwele phansi bese ikhuphuka ngokuqondisa. Izingalo eziphansi azilungele ngokuphelele ukugijima nokusunduza. Ukutholwa okumangazayo kwenziwa: esiqhingini saseBorneo, kunesitshalo esidala ukuheha amalulwane anemisindo ekhethekile. Kepha akabadli nhlobo, kepha uhlinzeka ngama-inflorescence akhe njengesiphephelo. Ukubuyiselwa, amalulwane ashiya imfucumfucu yawo, okuyinto isitshalo idinga kakhulu, kumvakashi onomoya wokungenisa izihambi. I-Symbiosis enjalo emvelweni ihlukile.
Kunzima ukucabanga, kepha kwamanye amazwe izidakamizwa zenziwa ngamalulwane. Ngakho-ke, eNdiya, i-camphor, uwoyela kakhukhunathi, amanoni ancibilikile negazi lalezi zilwane kuxutshwe futhi kuthengiswe njengekhambi le-radiculitis kanye ne-arthritis, odokotela baseChinese bathola inyama ye-bat iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza ngcono umbono. ECambodia, amafutha agxile kumalulwane ancibilikile aphatha umkhuhlane. Akunandaba ukuthi ukhumbula kanjani ukuthi iningi labathakathi abachazwe ezinganekwaneni empeleni bafaka amalulwane.