Ezinye izinhlobo zezingulube, ezinokubukeka okuhlekisayo, zazalwa ngenxa yokukhethwa. Kepha ingulube enentshebe ihlukile kulo mthetho.
Imvelo kamama kuphela eyaba nengxenye ekubonakaleni kwale mamps ngentshebe. Bheka isithombe salesi silwane: kunzima ukuqhathanisa nokubonakala kwengulube ejwayelekile yasekhaya, sonke esisetshenziselwa yona, akunjalo? Ingulube enentshebe ine-snout ende, imilenze incanyana kakhulu kunezingulube ezejwayelekile.
Ingulube enentshebe (iSus barbatus).
Lezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile zihlala esiqhingini saseBorneo, eSumatra nesiqhingi sasePalawan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ngulube ingatholakala eNhlonhlo yeMalay nasezinye iziqhingi zasePhilippine.
Lesi sidalwa sihlala emahlathini, amahlathi emvula, ngoba konke kuhlinzekelwa umsoco wawo: ukudla kwezilwane nemifino.
Ukubonakala kwengulube enentshebe
Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu impela. Isisindo sazo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-150, ubude bomzimba wengulube endala enentshebe: ukusuka kwamasentimitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-170.
Ingulube enentshebe iyisakhamuzi sase-Asia eseningizimu.
Ukuphakama kwesilwane kungamasentimitha angama-75 - 80.
Isici esikhumbuleka kakhulu ekubukekeni kwalesi silo nentshebe yaso. Kwakhiwa izinqubo ezinde ezinwele ezinwele. Kungani ingulube intshebe, uyabuza? Umbuzo onengqondo, kepha kuze kube namuhla, ososayensi abakwazi ukuwuphendula. Sizocubungula lokho ngobuhle.
Umzimba wonke wesilwane umbozwe ngamabhulashi angavamile, apendwe ngombala onsundu noma onsomi. Ama-bristles ayivelakancane kulokhu kugqabha kangangokuba isikhumba sikhonkotha kuso, sisebuhleni obunentshebe yombala wepinki.
Indlela yokuphila yengulube enentshebe, ukudla kwayo nokuziphatha endle
Umsebenzi kulezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo wenzeka emini. Kunzima ukuhlangana nezingulube ezinentshebe zodwa, ngoba zivame ukuhlala emaqenjini abantu abaningana abambalwa, imvamisa zingulube ezingama-20-30.
Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, izingulube ezinentshebe zisendleleni ehamba kancane. Alandela imihlambi yama-gibbons nama-macaque, asuka kwelinye idlelo aya kwelinye. Kungani balandela izinkawu? Yonke into ilula kakhulu - ngemuva kwama-primates kusasele ukudla okuningi okungabonakali: izithelo ezihlahleni. Izingulube ezinentshebe zidla izibiliboco ngemuva kwazo.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izinga lokufuduka liyanda. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka umuntu angabona izindimbane ezinkulu zezingulube ezinentshebe, ngokuqhubekayo ziqonde eningizimu.
Izingulube ezinentshebe zifudukela emhlanjini omkhulu.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izakhamizi zakule ndawo ezazi indlela yomhlambi ngaphambi kwesikhathi zivula ukuzingela izingulube ezinentshebe, zigcina inyama isikhathi eside.
Kwenziwa kanjani kabusha izingulube ezinentshebe
Ngaphambi kokuzalela, lezi zilwane zakha isidleke. Zinezintambo ezinamaqabunga athambile notshani obuhlukahlukene.
Ingulube yesifazane ekhulelwe inehloka ithwala inzalo cishe izinyanga ezine, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe amawundlu amaningana. Imvamisa i-brood iqukethe izingulube ezimbili kuya kwezingu-8.
Ingulube eyodwa enentshebe ingazala izingulube eziyisishiyagalombili.
Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-14, izingane zisesidlekeni esakhiwa ngowesifazane, futhi ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ziqala ukuya kwamanye amalungu omhlambi. Ngokulandela onina, bafunda ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo.
Lapho izingulube ziphenduka unyaka zinonyaka, zizimela ngokuphelele. Eminyakeni eyodwa nesigamu, lezi zilwane zivuthwa ngokocansi futhi sezikwazi ukuzala.
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Ukubhebhetheka
Izingulube ezinentshebe zihlala eSoutheast Asia, ikakhulukazi eNhlonhlo yeMalay, eziqhingini zaseSumatra, Borneo kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingomakhelwane. Izakhamuzi zasePalawan nakwezinye iziqhingi zasePhilippine kwesinye isikhathi zithathwa njengohlobo oluhlukile lwengulube enentshebe iPalawan (USus ahoenobarbus ) Indawo yokuhlala yezingulube ezinentshebe amahlathi ashisayo kanye namahlume.
Ukuziphatha
Izingulube ezinentshebe zivame ukusebenza phakathi nosuku futhi zihlala ngamaqembu okuzalwa. Okuhlukile phakathi kwezingulube yindlela yazo yokufuduka. Ohambweni oluhlanganyelwe lwamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa ubude, amaqembu amaningana ezilwane ezingaba ngamakhulu ambalwa axhunyiwe ngasikhathi sinye. Ngesikhathi sokuhambela okunjalo, okubangelwa ukutholakala kokushintsha kokudla, izingulube ezinentshebe ziguqukela emsebenzini wobusuku futhi zisebenzise izindlela ezinyathelekile zemashi edlule.
Izingulube ezinentshebe ziyizinombolo futhi zifaka izithelo, izimpande, izibungu kanye ne-carrion. Imvamisa balandela amaqembu ama-gibbons nama-macaque ukuze bathathe izithelo eziphonswe ngamasimu emhlabathini.
Ukuzala
Ingulube enentshebe echibini Ngemuva kokukhulelwa izinyanga ezine, insikazi izala amawundlu amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, isakhiwo esifana nesidleke sakhiwa kuqala lapho amathole echitha khona amasonto okuqala empilo yawo. Ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemuva kokuzalwa, bashintsha kusuka kubisi baye kokujwayelekile, kodwa bahlale benina kuze kube yilapho befika eminyakeni yobudala eyodwa. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-18 izinyanga.
Ingulube enentshebe kanye nomuntu
Kwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, izingulube ezinentshebe zisetshenziselwa ukudla nokuzingela. Abantu bendawo bayazazi izikhathi nemizila yokufuduka kwalezi zilwane, futhi kanye ngonyaka bathola izinyamazane ngokucebisa phansi amaqembu amaningi ezingulube. Ngokuvamile, inani lezingulube ezinentshebe alikho engcupheni.
Umnotho
Ngokuya ngephuzu lokubukwa, izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu zezingulube ezinentshebe ziyahlukaniswa. Le ingulube enentshebe yaseBorne (I-Sus barbatus barbatus ) nengulube enentshebe (Sus barbatus oi ) ngihlala eSumatra naseNhlonhlweni yeMalay. Ukubhaliswa kwesithathu kwesinye isikhathi kubhekwa njengengulube ye-Palawan esesikhulume ngenhla.
Amanothi
Azikho izingulube zasendle zasendle (izingulube zasendle) (uhlobo lweSus) - uhlobo lomndeni wezingulube.
Izwe lezingulube yi-Eurasia, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwezifunda zase-Arctic, e-Antarctica, ezingafinyelelekiyo ezintabeni, ezinye izintaba neziqhingi. Ngokusho kokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala e-Hallan Chemi Tepe, eningizimu mpumalanga yeTurkey, izinkukhu zasendle zazifuywa eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-10 000 eyedlule, nangaphambi kwezimbuzi nezimvu.
IPuerto Princesa (umfula) iPuerto Princesa ngumfula ongaphansi komhlaba esiqhingini sasePalawan, eduze nedolobha lasePhilippines iPuerto Princesa.
Izingulube Zezingulube (IsiLatini: iSuidae) - umndeni wama-artiodactyls angenamakhaza (i-Artiodactyla), kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili, kubandakanya nommeleli womndeni waseYurophu kuphela - izingulube zasendle, okuyi-progenitor yengulube yasekhaya. Ingulube yengane ibizwa ngokuthi ingulube.
Uhlu lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisongelwa ezincelisayo Uhlu lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisiwe ezisengozini luqukethe uhlu lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo (i-Mammalia), ezinikezwe isimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini, Izinhlobo zase-Endangered, yi-International Union for Conservation of Natural and Naturalource (IUCN) noma “Izinhlobo Zengozini” (Izinhlobo ezisengozini yokubulawa,). Njengamanje, Uhlu Lokubomvu lwe-IUCN lweZinhlobo Ezisongelayo liqukethe izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingaziwa futhi ezisengozini, eziyi-526 zezilwane ezisengozini, izinhlobo ezingama-471 zisengcupheni kanti nezinhlobo eziyi-199 sezisondele. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo zama-artiodactyls, inyamazane kaDavid ne-Sahara oryx, ezivela kulolu hlu njengokuqothuka endle (isigaba esithi “Ukuphela Kwasendle,”), kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili njengoba kuqothulwe ngokuphelele esikhathini somlando (isigaba "Izinhlobo ezingapheli,"). Ziphinde zimelwe kulolu hlu.
Sekukonke, kusukela ngo-2005, izinhlobo ezingama-5416 zezilwane ezincelisayo zazaziwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwesihlanu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zalezi zilwane kusongelwa ukuqothulwa, futhi okungenani i-1.5% isivele ishabalale ngokuphelele ngenxa yamaphutha abantu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ezincelisayo kulolu hlu kunikezwa ngokuya ngezincwadi zesimanje zezincwadi.
Ingulube enentshebe (iSus barbatus) ibhalwe kuhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN esimweni sezinhlobo ezisengcupheni
I-Habitat nokubukeka
Ingulube Yentshebe (I-Sus barbatus ) inendawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe kakhulu: kuvamile emahlathini aseMangrove nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseSoutheast Asia: eziqhingini zaseBorneo, Sumatra, Palawan, kanye nasePhalamende laseMalay. Ingulube enentshebe ihlukile komakhelwane bayo ngomzimba “omnandi” xaxa: kunalokho kunothambile ngemilenze emincane nekhanda eliphakeme. Ngaphambili kwesihlakala sesilwane lesi, kukhula izinwele ezinde ezimhlophe nezphuzi, ngenxa yalokho sathola igama lazo. Ingaphezulu lengaphezulu lekhanda nomzimba limbozwe ngoboya obumnyama obunsundu noma obumpunga, ngesakhiwo esifana namabhuleki. Ngaphezu kobukhona "bentshebe", isici esiyingqayizivele sezingulube ezinentshebe ibhulashi elifakwe emsileni. Ngobude, lezi zingulube zifinyelela ku-160 cm, ngenkathi isisindo sazo zisuka ku-120 ziye ku-150 kg.
Umsoco nendlela yokuphila
Izingulube ezinentshebe ziyizidleke futhi zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo (izimpande zezitshalo, amaqabunga, amahlumela, izithelo nezithelo), kanye nezinambuzane, ama-vertebrates amancane ne-carrion. Amacala aqoshwa lapho imihlambi yezingulube ezinentshebe ilandela amaqembu ama-macaque nama-gibbons, athathe ukudla okuphonswe emhlabathini ngemuva kwawo. Isici esiyingqayizivele sokuziphatha kwalezi zilwane amandla abo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila.
Lapho bafuna ukudla, bangahlanganiswa “yimiphakathi eminingi” futhi bahambe amabanga amade kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, indlela yabo yokuphila yansuku ejwayelekile iyashintsha ibe yisebusuku.
Ukuziphatha Komphakathi Nokuzala
Lezi zingulube zihlala ngamaqembu, inani lazo zingasukela ezilwaneni ezi-8 ziye kwezingu-50. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa izinyanga ezine, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili kuya kwayi-8 kowesifazane. Kwizizukulwane ezizayo, wakha isakhiwo esifana nesidleke, futhi amawundlu achitha amaviki okuqala okuphila kuwo.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, izingulube ziyeka ukudla ubisi, kepha zihlale nonina zize zifinyelele eminyakeni yobudala eyodwa. Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili ezingulubeni ezingenantshebe kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala.
I-Wild Bordean ingulube enentshebe (Ingulube enentshebe) emndenini wohlobo lweKabanov - inhlobo engapheli yesiqhingi saseBorneo, eMalaysia, inezimbali eziminyene nezinde ebusweni.
Abantu abadala abanobude bomzimba obuyi-100 kuye ku-165 cm (ukuphakama lapho ibuna ama-75-80 cm) bafinyelela isisindo esingama-kilogremu ayi-150. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Isidumbu sengulube yasendle endala sikhulu, simpunga noma sinsundu ngombala, izitho zinde futhi zincane, kanti ibhulashi elisepeni lomsila lifihlekile.
Ikhanda liphakeme, linezindlebe ezinkulu namehlo amancane alalelayo. Amabhulashi amade akhanyayo amboza isizalo sawo kusuka esiqwini esiseduze kuya ezindlebeni.
Lezi yizilwane eziguqukayo ezithanda izindawo ezingathintwanga ngumuntu nempucuko. Ikhaya labo lingamahlathi ashisayo nezihlahla zembovane. Izingulube ezinentshebe zi-emnivorous; zifana nezicucu zokuhlanza ekusetshenzisweni okungapheli kokudla kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sekushoneni kwelanga, kusale izinqwaba zomhlaba zembiwe yonke indawo.
Zidla ezimpandeni kanye nesisindo esiluhlaza sezitshalo, izithelo, amakhowe. Ikakhulu ithanda izithelo zasehlathini, ama-acorn, amantongomane, kanye nezinambuzane, izibungu, imihuzuko kanye nama-invertebrates amancane. Abayideleli i-carrion - izingulube zeBornean zisebenzisa ngokuphelele ama-proboskis afile. Ngazibonela ngawami ehlathini amathambo kaKachau, egwinya esikhazimulweni sobucwebecwebe, ngakusasa obeshonile empini.
Izingulube ezinezintshebe unyaka wonke. Owesifazane ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4 zokukhulelwa uletha ama-2 kuya ku-8 amawundlu, imvamisa izingane ezingama-2-4. Kwinzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo, yakha kusuka kumakhasi futhi igatsha "isidleke" esikhethekile esingamamitha ayi-2 ubude namamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama. Amapigogo ahlala lapha emavikini amabili okuqala, bese kancane kancane asuka ezindaweni ngendawo nonina kanye nalo lonke iqembu. Eminyakeni emithathu yezinyanga, sebesuka ebeleni besiya “emadlelo”. Lapho sebefinyelele unyaka owodwa, baqala impilo yokuzimela, futhi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-18 bakulungele ukuzala.
E-Bako National Park (Borneo), izingulube zizolile zibhekise kubantu, futhi enye insizwa yasendle yaze yaba nobungane nami, igcina ukuhlangana njalo kusihlwa sihamba emgqeni wolwandle onqenqemeni lwamanzi njengenja yezilwane zasekhaya. Wavuma ngesizotha ukuthathwa izithombe, kubandakanya ocingweni.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthakazelelwa kwezingulube ezinentshebe kuyakhohlisa kakhulu - abantu abakhulu bavame ukungena kulwa le ndawo nabesifazane, kanti abesifazane bangahlasela noma ngubani osondele ezingulubeni ezincane. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ukuzwa isivunguvungu esihlahleni noma ukubhonga okukhanyayo, kungcono ukucasha endaweni yesehlakalo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngake ngawela embukisweni wabantu abathathu ngasikhathi sinye - zonke ezinye izilwane ezazihlakazekile ngashesha kuzo zonke izinkomba ukusuka endaweni yokuhlanya)
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezingulube ezinentshebe emndenini we-boar wasendle: ama-Bornean bearded (ama-Sus barbatus barbatus) ahlala esiqhingini saseBorneo kuphela, i-Curly Bearded (Sus barbatus oi) ahlala eSumatra naseMalawi Peninsula kanye nePalawan Bearded (uSus ahoenobarbus) azinza ePhilippines. I-Balabak kanye ne-Kalamian Islands.
(c) Umbhalo nazo zonke izithombe ngezami. Ukushicilelwa kuvikelwe ngumthetho welungelo lobunikazi.
- Iklasi: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 = Amamayela
- I-infraclass: I-Eutheria, iGlacentalia Gill, 1872 = Iplacental, Izidalwa eziphakeme
- I-oda: Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 = Artiodactyls
- Isizinda: I-Nonruminantia Jaeckel, 1911 = I-non-Ruminant, iPorcine
- Umndeni: ISuidae Grey, 1821 = Ingulube, Ingulube
Ingulube enentshebe (i-Sus barbatus) isayizi ofanayo ne-boar yasendle, noma incane kancane (ubude bomzimba ngo-100-160 cm, isisindo esingama-100 kg), kepha yinde kakhulu. Yathola igama laso ngezinsimbi zayo ezikhanyayo eziphakeme, yafaka u-muzzle kusuka emakhoneni omlomo cishe kuya ezindlebeni. Umzimba umbozwe ngamabhulashi angabonakali lapho umzimba grey noma o-grey-okhanyayo.
Ebusweni phakathi kwamehlo namafang, naphakathi kwamehlo, kukhona ama-warts, ikakhulukazi akhule ngokuqinile emadodeni. Yakha izingxenyana eziyisithupha ezisatshalaliswa ePhalamende laseMalacca, eSumatra, eJava, eKalimantan, ePalawan naseziqhingini eziningi ezincane e-Indonesia.
Ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindongeni zemithi, lapho idla khona ngezithelo zasehlathini, izimpande, izithombo ezincane zemithi yesundu yesundu, izinambuzane, izibungu nezinye izilwane ezingenamsoco. Imvamisa kwenza ukuhlaselwa okubhubhisayo emasimini ama-yam nezamaphala. Imvamisa bahlala emindenini, kanti umhlambi womndeni wezingulube ezinentshebe uthanda ukuhambisana nemihlambi ye-gibbons nama-macaque, athatha izithelo ezijikijelwe yizinkawu ezihlahleni.
Ezindaweni eziningi ahlala kuzo zihlala, kepha enyakatho-mpumalanga yesiqhingi saseKalimantan, ngokusho kwencazelo yePierre Pfeffer, ukuthutha kwabantu ngobuningi kwenzeka ngo-Agasti - Septhemba. Izinkulungwane zezingulube zibamba iqhaza ekuzulazuleni okunjalo, okuthi ngamaqembu ezilwane ezingama-20-30 ziqhubeke ziye eningizimu, cishe ngaphandle kokudla eceleni komgwaqo, zinqamula imifula yezintaba esheshayo nemifula ebanzi lapho isendleleni. Abahlali bendawo (amawa) bayazi kahle indlela yokufuduka kwezingulube, kuthi uma bengena imifula, banqamule indlela yabo ezihlakaleni bese beyishaya ngemikhonto.
Izingulube eziphonswe phansi komfula ziqoqa sonke isibalo somuzi. Eminyakeni ethile, ama-nomads angamadlozi amakhulu, kanti ama-Dayaks akhiqiza izingulube eziningi kangangokuba imifula igcwalisa izidumbu zazo. Ngo-1954
Izingulube ezinentshebe zizalanisa unyaka wonke, ziletha izingulube ezi-2-8 (imvamisa zingama-2-4).
Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, insikazi yakhela isidleke kusuka emagatsheni, amaqabunga esundu nama-ferns. Esidlekeni esinjalo, esinokuphakama okufika ku-1 m no-2 m ngaphesheya, izingulube zihlala cishe amasonto amabili. Bahlukaniswa ngumama beneminyaka engaba ngu-nyaka. Izitha eziphambili zamantshontsho ingwe emomothekayo, i-python ne-Malay bear.
Izinhlobo ezisondele engulube enentshebe -Ingulube yaseJavanese (iSus verrucosus) , esihlala eziqhingini zaseJava, Sulawesi kanye nasePhilippines, sihlangana nezifundo eziningi zinhlobo olulodwa. Ihluke kakhulu (amabhlogwana ayi-11 achaziwe) futhi ibonakala ngezi warts ezintathu ebusweni (phambi kwamehlo, ngaphansi kwamehlo nasekhoneni elingasemuva lomhlathi ongezansi). Ihlala kaningi ezigodini zemifula eshisayo, ezingxenyeni nasezindaweni eziphakeme zotshani obuphakeme. http://www.posidelkino.ru/pigsty/wild/verrucosus.htm Ingulube enentshebe ihlala esiK Island saseKalimantan.Le ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala (elinye igama lale ngxenye yomhlaba yiBorneo) yalezi zilwane ngokwemvelo. Izingulube ezifanayo ezinentshebe zitholakala eziqhingini zaseMalaysia nase-Indonesia, kepha zingezinye izinhlobo. Izwe lendoda enentshebe iyisiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke kweziqhingi zaseMalay, ngakho-ke banendawo enkulu yokuhlala. Isici esiyinhloko sezikhuhlu ze-Bornean izinwele zazo ezifiphele, izinwele ezinohlonze ebusweni bazo.
Enenwele ezinhle
Uhlobo lwesilevu "olimpunga" luhlobisa ubuso babo, okwathiwa isilwane esiqhingini saqanjwa ngalo. Kepha uma siqhathanisa ukubukeka kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zalezi zingulube, ke ingulube enentshebe yaseBorne ingeyoku "isigaba sezemidlalo". Unomzimba omncane, omzimba we-taut, imilenze emide emincane, nekhanda elincane. Ukuhlwitha kwesilwane kuseluliwe, izindlebe zinkulu futhi zibanzi.
Ingulube yase-Bornean ayinayo i-ponytail encane egobile ngaphakathi Kuvunguza. Umsila wakhe omude oqondile uthweswe umqhele ekugcineni kokhonkolo obelwe. Ubuso besilwane, kungakhathalekile ubulili, "buhlotshiswe" ngamabili amabili ama-warts amakhulu. Imvamisa ifihlakala ngokuphelele ekukhuleni okukhanyayo okukhanyayo ebusweni, intshebe edumile.
Umzimba wonke wengulube, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbozwe ngezinwele ezimfushane ezimnyama. Kuyivelakancane, ngakho-ke isikhumba sikhanya ngayo. Izingulube ezindala zeBornean zingaba nesisindo esingama-150 kg, zifinyelele kubude obufika ku-1.5 m, futhi ukuphakama kwazo lapho kubuna kufinyelela ku-70-80 cm.
Impilo elangeni
Ingulube enentshebe engu-Bornean - isilwane esifuywayo. Bakha amaqembu emindeni afinyelela ku-30 izinjongo. Emini, izingulube zihambahamba kancane emahlathini nasezinhlwini zifuna ukudla.
Isimo sezulu esifudumele siyabavumela ukuba bazale unyaka wonke. Ukukhulelwa engulubeni enentshebe kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4. Kwinzalo eyodwa, kukhona izingane ezisukela kwezimbili kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili (ngokwesilinganiso esingu-4).
Izwa ukusondela kokubeletha, insikazi iyakha kusuka emagatsheni bese ishiya isikejana esikhethekile esingamamitha ayi-2 ubude nama-1 m ububanzi. Lapho, amawundlu asebenzisa amasonto amabili okuqala empilo, ahamba kancane ngokwazi umhlaba.
Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukuzulazula nawo wonke umuntu. Umama ubondla ubisi izinyanga ezi-3, kancane kancane aludlulisele edlelo. Izilwane ezincane zinakekelwa unyaka, emva kwalokho zithathwa njengezabantu abadala.
Futhi emva kwezinyanga ezi-6 bafika ebusheni. Ngaphezu komuntu okuzingelayo, ukulimaza izingulube ezinentshebe kulethwa yi-python, ibhere laseMalay kanye nengwe ebhemayo.
Ukudla kwesiqhingi
Ingulube enentshebe enguBornean ihlala emahlathini ashisayo. Futhi yize emangalisa, njengazo zonke izingulube, ukudla kwakhe okujwayelekile yile:
- isithelo esishisayo
- amahlumela amasha esundu sago,
- izimpande
- izibungu nezinambuzane ngokwazo,
- i-carrion.
Uma izingulube ezinentshebe zizulazula lapho kuhlala khona abantu, khona-ke zihlasela amasimu kamasi noma ama-yam. Lokhu kudala ukulimala kwabalimi bendawo, abakunxephezela ngokuzingela izilwane inyama yabo. Uma unenhlanhla, umhlambi wezingulube ungazinzalela ngemuva komhlambi wezinkawu ezifudukayo.
Lokho akunembile kakhulu ekudleni futhi emva kwazo izithelo eziningi zisala emhlabathini. Lesi sibalo sijabule futhi sidla izingulube.
Kepha lapho kufika ekwindla, izilwane ezihamba ngezindlela ezanyathelwa kahle ziye kude ziye eningizimu. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ikakhulukazi zihamba ebusuku futhi zidla okuncane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
Ohambweni olude
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amaqembu emindeni yezingulube aqoqana ngemihlambi emikhulu, ahlanganisa amakhulukhulu noma izinkulungwane zamakhanda. Isixuku sonke, emendweni okhokho babo abebesebenza kuwo amakhulu eminyaka, bagijimela eningizimu. Lapho bazothola ukudla nendawo yokuzala.
Izilwane zihamba cishe njalo, zanqamula umhlaba nemifula. Akuwona wonke umuntu olandela le ndlela. Omunye ufa ukukhathala, nomuntu ezandleni zomuntu.
Abomdabu be-Dayak abaphuthelwa ithuba elinjalo lokuthola inyama. Abazingeli balinda izilwane emanzini, lapho zingeyona khona into ephathekayo nokubulawa.
Kuze kube manje, le ndlela yokuzingela ayenzanga monakalo omkhulu kubantu, kodwa kwezinye izindawo zesiqhingi, ingulube enentshebe yaseBorne isibe yinto evamile. Ososayensi sebevele bakunakile lokhu. Mhlawumbe bazokwazi ukugcina ukulingana phakathi kwendlela ejwayelekile yokuphila kwezilwane kanye nezidingo zabantu.
Bhala emazwini ukuthi iyiphi ingulube engcono: enentshebe noma ngaphandle kwayo.
Ingulube enentshebe (lat. I-Sus barbatus) - Ingabe izinhlobo zegama elifanayo lomndeni wamaBoar, umndeni weNgulube, isisetshenziswa esiphansi seNeo, i-Artiodactyl oda, isigaba seMammals, i-vertebrate subtype, njengeChordates, imibuso yezilwane - Kanjani! :) Emithonjeni ehlukene, izinhlobo zengulube ye-Bearded ihlukaniswe ngamasayithi amabili noma amathathu. Le ingulube enentshebe egobile (iSus barbatus oi), ehlala eMalacca Peninsula kanye nesiqhingi saseSumatra, ingulube enentshebe yaseBorne (uSar barbatus barbatus) nengulube enentshebe yasePalawan, ehlala, yahlulela ngegama, eziqhingini zaseBorneo nasePalawan, kanye naseJava , Kalimantan neziqhingi ezincane zeziqhingi zase-Indonesia eziseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Izingulube ezinentshebe zihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezihlahleni zemikhakha ngamaqembu. Isici sendlela yokuphila yalolu hlobo kukuziphatha kwabantu abafudukayo, lapho izinkulungwane zabantu zihamba amabanga amade amakhilomitha ukufuna ukudla. Imvamisa zihamba ezindleleni ezifanayo zokushaywa.
Izingulube ezinentshebe ziyizilwane ezimangalisa futhi zidla kuzo zombili izithelo, izimpande, amahlumela amasha wesundu sago, nezinambuzane, izibungu, ama-invertebrates amancane, i-carrion.
Ukuba yizilwane zasemini, izingulube ezinentshebe zishintsha indlela yokuphila yasesikhathi sobusuku ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ukunqoba amabanga amade nemigoqo yamanzi cishe akukho okuphakelayo. Imvamisa imihlambi yezingulube ihlasela emasimini e-yam ne-makhaza, ibangele ukulimala emapulazini abampofu, noma ilandele amaqembu ezinswelaboya nama-macaque, ithathe izithelo eziphonswe yizo.
Ngaphandle, izingulube ezinentshebe zinokwehla ngokwengeziwe, zithambile futhi zinemilenze emide uma ziqhathaniswa nezihlobo ezijwayelekile zasendle. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela ku-100-160 cm ubude, ukuphakama ekushwabeni kwama-70-85 cm nesisindo kufika ku-150 kg. Izingulube ezinentshebe zathola igama lazo ngenxa yokuba khona kwamabhuleki akhanyayo amboze isizalo kusuka emakhoneni omlomo kuya cishe ezindlebeni, ngenkathi umbala oyinhloko wengulube ungwevu noma onsundu omnyama. Ikhanda liphakeme, amehlo mancane, izindlebe zinkulu. Ebusweni kunezimbotshana ezimbili zamarantshi, ikakhulukazi lawo athuthukiswe emaduna, elinye lawo lifihlwe ngaphansi kwesilevu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingulube ezinentshebe zihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwebhulashi elifakwayo emaphethelweni umsila.
Izingulube ezinentshebe zizalaniswa unyaka wonke, njengoba izimo zezulu ziya nomthelela kulokhu. Abantu bavuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva kokufika ezinyangeni eziyi-18. Ukukhulelwa engulubeni yesifazane enentshebe kuthatha izinyanga ezine, emva kwalokho kulethe kusuka kwezingulube ezimbili kuya kwezingu-8 (isilinganiso sika-2-4).
Izingulube ezinentshebe zakha isidleke esikhethekile (empeleni zifana nothango) wenzalo yazo yesikhathi esizayo. Ezokwakha, kusetshenziswa amagatsha, amaqabunga esundu nama-ferns. Ukuphakama kwalesi sakhiwo kufinyelela ku-1 m kanye nobubanzi obungu-2 m, okuvumela okokuqala ukuvikela izingane.
Ama-piglets achitha amasonto okuqala angama-2-3 okuphila kwawo esidlekeni esinjalo, ephethwe ngumama onakekelayo. Lapho sezinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, ama-piglets ahamba ukusuka ekunceliseni ibele ukuya “emadlelweni”, kepha ayavikelwa futhi anakekelwe aze afike eminyakeni yobudala eyodwa.
Kwezinye izifunda, inyama yengulube enentshebe isetshenziswa njengokudla. Abantu bendawo bazingela izingulube, bavikela izitshalo zabo nalapho bethutha njalo ngonyaka. Endleleni, izingulube ezinentshebe ziyaqunjelwa noma zitholwe ngesikhathi sokuwela imifula. Isikhathi eside, inyama ekhishwe yanele kuwo wonke umzana.
Ingulube enentshebe ka-Palawan - incazelo, ukwakheka, izici.
Umzimba wengulube enentshebe kaPalawan umkhulu impela, izinyawo zinde futhi zincane. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala busuka ku-1 kuye ku-1,6 m, ukuphakama kokubuna cishe nge-1 m, futhi isisindo singafinyelela ku-150 kg. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Zonke izingulube ezinentshebe zihlukaniswa ukwakheka kwesigebhezi esiphakeme, kepha uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezingulube ezinentshebe, isihlakala sengulube enentshebe yasePalawan imfushane. Izinwele ezinde ezimhlophe zikhula esihlathini nasesihlathini, zigoqa ukukhala kwesilwane okunjengendandatho. Izinwele ezimnyama ezimboze ibunzi, indawo ezungeze amehlo nezungeze isikebhe, ezihlanganiswe nentshebe emhlophe kunikeza umbono wokuthi ubuso bengulube bubozwe ngemaskhi.
Umzimba wengulube enentshebe embozwe ngamabhulashi amancanyana ansundu obomvu, ansundu-mnyama noma acishe abe mnyama. Izinwele ezihlukene, ezinciphile futhi ezinqenqemeni zidabula phakathi kwamabhulokhi. Kubantu abadala, kusukela phezulu kwekhanda kuya ku-croup kudlula i-mane emhlophe, eyakhiwa izinwele ezacile, ezinde, ezikhanyayo.
Ebusweni bengulube kuncane, kepha ama warts aqondakalayo, okucatshangelwa ukuthi, avikela ubuso besilisa ngesikhathi sokulwa nomphikisi.
Amapigogo angafinyeleli ebusheni awunayo intshebe kanye nengubo emhlophe ejwayelekile yalezi zingulube. Kwabantu abasha, imicu emi-3 yezinwele ezibomvu ezisuka entanyeni iye kwi-croup iyisici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umucu ophansi ungowokubanzi kakhulu, umboza yonke ingxenye engezansi yezinhlangothi ze-piglet.
Palawan nentshebe yokuphila yokuphila.
Izingulube zentshebe zikaPalawan zihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi zithanda izindawo ezingafundwe nhlobo ngumuntu nempucuko: Amathafa asezingeni eliphansi, amahlathi ashisayo asemithambekeni yezintaba, akhuphuka aze afinyelela kumamitha ayinkulungwane. Kwesinye isikhathi indawo yokuhlala kwalesi ngulube iba amahlathi emihlume osogwini kanye namahlathi olwandle. Ekufuneni ukudla, izilwane kwesinye isikhathi ziya emasimini atshaliwe anomhlaba otshaliwe.
Ngokusho kwezakhamizi zakule ndawo, izingulube zentshebe iPalawan zivame ukusebenza ngemuva kokushona kwelanga noma ekuseni kakhulu. Ezindaweni lapho ukuzingela lezi zingulube kusakazeke khona kakhulu, izilwane zihamba ebusuku kuphela.
Ukudla kwengulube enentshebe kaPalawan akuqondakali kahle, kepha ngokusho kososayensi, lezi zingulube zihle kakhulu: zondla ezimpandeni kanye nobunzima bokuluhlaza bezitshalo, izithelo, amakhowe, izibungu nokunye okungamabala. Imvamisa udla ama-vertebrates amancane, ungayideleli i-carrion. Okuthandwa kakhulu yinyama yengulube yezithelo ezi-lipid ezicebile zomndeni we-beech (ama-acorn kanye namantongomane) nezihlahla ze-dipterocarp.
Ingulube Yentshebe (I-Sus barbatus ) Kufakwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN esimweni "sezilwane ezisengozini"
Izindawo zokusatshalaliswa nokudla
Lapho kutholakala ingulube enentshebe, isikhathi esiningi ifudumele. Isibonelo, esiqhingini sasePalawan, esiyingxenye yePhilippines, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaku-+26. Isilwane sibuye sakhetha iziqhingi zaseBorneo naseSumatra, lapho ilanga lingatholakali khona, njengoba kwenzeka kwiMalay Peninsula - enye indawo yengulube enentshebe.
Bahlala lapho, ngoba empilweni badinga imangroves namahlathi ashisayo - kuyo bathola ukudla. Ukudla kwalo okuyinhloko: izimpande,
- izithelo ezivuthiwe futhi eziwile
- izithombo zezandla zesundu,
- izibungu
- izinambuzane
- i-carrion.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi umhlambi wezingulube ezinentshebe uhambe ibanga elithile kusuka eqenjini lezinkawu futhi uthathe ukudla obekulahlile emhlabeni.
Isimo sokuphepha
Eminyakeni yama-90 yekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwezimboni kwakungavunyelwe ngokuphelele esiqhingini sasePalawan. Ukuqubuka kwabafuduki abavela kwezinye izingxenye zePhilippines, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kwabantu bendawo, kanye nokuhola okuncane, kuphoqa abantu ukuthi basebenze ngokulima, bandise umhlaba wezolimo ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ngaphezu kokulima nokudoba, abahlali bendawo bakhuthele kakhulu ekuzingeleni izingulube zentshebe zikaPalawan ngosizo lwezingibe, izikhali ezibushelelezi neziqhumane. Ukuzingela izingulube zasendle, kanye nokuhlasela komuntu okusebenzayo kwezilwane ezihlala ekhaya kwenzeka ngokungananazi kuholele ekwehleni kwezinga labantu basePalawan ezingulube ezinentshebe.
Hhayi, ekugcineni, sibuye futhi sivakashela izingulube ezingajwayelekile. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi ngaphambi kwalokhu sesivele sabhala ngakho, okwakuvunwa ngokuzalaniswa. Kepha kulokhu, le ndoda bekungafanele isolwe. I-Beard isilwane esinikezwe yimvelo uqobo lwayo.
Ababukeki kangako njengezingulube zethu ezinamafutha zaseRussia, ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe ipeni, nosayizi. Izingulube ezinentshebe zinomzimba ocwebezelayo futhi omile, imilenze yazo yinde futhi yakhiwa ngokwengeziwe, umsila awugobeki ibe isigaxa futhi uhlotshiswe ekugcineni ngesigaxa esenziwe ngemfoloko.
Imilenze emincane
Kepha, ngaphandle 'komzimba' wabo ononile, banesisindo esikhulu - abantu abadala bafika kumakhilogremu ayi-150. Futhi lokhu kunobude bomzimba wamasentimitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-165 nokuphakama kokubuna okungamasentimitha angama-75-80.
Ukuziqhenya nesibonakaliso esivelisayo salesi silwane kunguhlaza obukhulu nobude obusebusweni - uhlobo lwesilevu "esimpunga". Ukuthi kungani kuyadingeka akucaci. Mhlawumbe ukumboza ama-warts amakhulu, i-pair yayo engaphansi kwesilevu. Ngokungafani nesihlephu, umzimba wonke we-mumps umbozwe ngesiqu esincane esingandile sombala onsomi noma onsundu, lapho kubonakala khona umzimba opinki noma ompunga.
Inwele ezimpunga
Inhlamba yabo yinde kakhulu kunaleyo yengulube yethu. Amehlo mancane nezindlebe zide. I-Handsome ngegama :).
Ukucwaswa okwedlule
Kuhlobo lwezingulube zasendle, izinhlobo ezi-3 zezingulube ezinentshebe ziyahlukaniswa. Akufani ngokubukeka kuphela, kepha futhi nasendaweni yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, ingulube enentshebe yaseBorneI-Sus barbatus barbatus ), ukwahlulela ngegama, kuqhubeka cishe. I-Borneo, ingulube enentshebe egobileSus barbatus oi ) - eSumatra nasePhalamende laseMalawi, kanye nengulube enentshebe iPalawan (USus ahoenobarbus ) - cishe. IPalawan nezinye iziqhingi eziseduze zasePhilippine.
Njengoba ikhaya labo lendabuko lingamahlathi ashisayo kanye nama-mangroves, ukudla kwabo kufanelekile: izithelo zehlathi, amantongomane, izimpande, izinambuzane, izikelemu nezinye izidumbu ezingafuneki. Kwesinye isikhathi baya emasimini ama-yam kanye nomdumbula.
Lezi yizilwane ezidayiswayo ezihlala ngamaqembu abantu abangama-20-30. Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka, ahamba kancane ngemuva kwemihlambi emincane yama-macaque nama-gibbons, ashiya izithelo eziningi ezihlahleni, okuyinto izingulube ezingeke zehluleke ukuzisebenzisa. Kepha Ekupheleni kwehlobo, aqala isikhathi sokufuduka, aqhubeke nohambo olude.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izingulube ezinentshebe zihlanganiswa zibe imihlambi emikhulu, zibala izinkulungwane zamakhanda. Futhi lo mfudlana ophilayo uqhubeka ucishe usiya eningizimu, unqoba zonke izithiyo ngesimo semifula nemifudlana yezintaba. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, badla okuncane, uma nje bengathola ukudla ngesikhathi sekhefu esifushane.
Isikhathi sokufuduka kwalezi zilwane singesinye sezikhathi ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamizi zasendaweni - ama-Dayaks. Zivele ziyayazi yonke imizila yezingulube ze-Guinea, futhi kanye ngonyaka ziletha ukuphanga okucebile ekhaya. Ukuzingela okunjalo akubangeli monakalo omkhulu kubantu balesi silwane, ngakho-ke, aze asatshiswe ngokuqothulwa. Kuze kube.
Ngokuqondene nokuzalela, insikazi ngesikhathi uletha kusuka 2 kuya ku-8 amawundlu. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4. Kwinzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo, yakha kusuka kumakhasi futhi igatsha "isidleke" esikhethekile esingamamitha ayi-2 ubude namamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama. Amapiglets ahlala kulo amasonto amabili okuqala. Futhi-ke, bekanye nomama kanye nalo lonke iqembu, kancane kancane basuka ezindaweni ngezindawo. Eminyakeni engu-1 ubudala sebevele baqala impilo yokuzimela, futhi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-18 bakulungele ukuzala.
Izingulube Zengulube Enentshebe