Pine marten - Lesi yisilwane esincane esihlala emahlathini kulo lonke elaseYurophu nasentshonalanga ye-Asia.
I-pine marten inomzimba ophakeme nemilenze emifushane. Udinga umsila omude futhi oqinile ukuze akwazi ukugcina ibhalansi ngenkathi egibela izihlahla futhi egxuma.
Umbala wejazi lalesi silwane usinsundu noma onsundu, ngaphezulu kwesifuba - ibala elimnyama ophuzi noma owolintshi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhluka kombala, umfelokazi athole igama lakhe lesibili - isidalwa esiphuzi. Esikhathini esifudumele, ijazi linzima futhi lifushane, ebusika lide futhi alithambile. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, uboya bubonakala futhi esikhunjeni sezinyawo, ngosizo isilwane sihamba kalula lapho kudonswa khona iqhwa.
Njengoba ama-pine martens echitha iningi lezimpilo zabo ezihlahleni, bayakwazi ukuzikhuphuka, futhi futhi bagxuma kahle kakhulu. Njengokuhlala, lezi zilwane zivame ukukhetha indawo.
I-pine marten iyisidlakela sasebusuku. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uya ngokuzingela kusihlwa nasebusuku, futhi alale endaweni yakhe yokuphephela emini. Lezi zilwane zinamehlo amahle kakhulu, ukuzwa nokuzwa iphunga. Lokhu kuzisiza zisheshe futhi zinqande inyamazane. Isilwane sidla amagundane nama-squirrels, kanye nezinyoni ezincane. Kungabuye futhi ukuzingela amasele nezinambuzane. Ekwindla, ingadla amantongomane namajikijolo. Ngaphambi kokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, amasheya e-pine marten akhuphuka.
Ubungozi bokubulawa kukaphayini uqobo kukhulunywa ngamanxusa amakhulu: izimpisi, izimpungushe. Izinyoni ezidla inyama, ezinjengezikhova nezikhova, nazo zingazibeka engcupheni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobukhali babo nokuba yisixakaxaka, lezi zilwane akulula ukuthi ziphangiwe.
Abesifazane bazala izingane entwasahlobo. E-udoti, imvamisa ama-3 ama-3. Bazalwa bengasizi futhi bengaboni. Kungakapheli amasonto ayi-8 bahlala ekhaya, khona-ke kancane kancane baqala ukuhlola indawo ezungezile. Cishe ukuwa, amawundlu azimela ngokuphelele futhi angashiya umama wawo. Kepha kwezinye izikhathi, inzalo ihlala naye kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.
Muva nje, kube nokuncipha okuncane kwenani lama-pine martens. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngephutha lomuntu kukhona amahlathi ambalwa futhi ambalwa aphilile.
I-Marten fur ibaluleke kakhulu. Umuntu ubelokhu emzingela isikhathi eside. Namuhla, ukuzingela lesi silwane kudinga imvume ekhethekile.
Bika uNombolo 2
I-pine marten, njengoba negama layo lisho, ihlala ehlathini. Ukhetha amahlathi aminyene ehlathini, lapho ungacasha khona kalula. Lolu hlobo lwe-marten lugwema ukuhlaliswa kwabantu. UMarten angatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Uhlala emigodini elahliwe yezinye izilwane noma izinyoni. I-pine marten ikhetha indawo yokuhlala unomphela lapho kuzalwa khona inzalo. Ufihla amawundlu akhe emehlweni ansundu isikhathi esithile.
Uboya bezimpawu zikaphayini bumsundu onsundu ngombala ophuzi “wehembe” ngaphambili. Ebusika, unezinwele ezinde, kanti ehlobo - mfushane. Umsila we-marten udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu: kusiza isilwane ukulondolozeka lapho igxuma isuka esihlahleni iye kwesinye.
Iphayiphu marten isilwane esidlayo. Isisulu esiyinhloko sama-martens amaprotheni. Njengoba ama-martens engaboni ebusuku, futhi ama-squirrel engahlali ebusuku, aba izisulu ezilula zokudla. Musa ukudelela ama-martens ngamagundane, amasele nezinambuzane. Amaqanda ezinyoni ngisho namajikijolo nezithelo ezithile zingukudla okuhlala njalo ehlathini lezinyamazane. Wenza amasheya amantongomane namajikijolo ebusika. Enye i-pine marten izinyo elimnandi. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kulesi silwane uju lwezinyosi zasendle. Lapho umfelokazi ethola imbobo enesiphu, uhlala eduze isikhathi eside ukuze adle amaswidi amaningi.
I-pine marten ngaphambili ibibhekwa njengesilwane esibalulekile phakathi kwabazingeli ngenxa yoboya bayo obuhle. Kepha, lapho lezi zilwane ziqala ukubelethwa ekudingisweni ukuze zithole izikhumba, usongo lokubhubhisa umnyakazo lwanyamalala. Kepha kuye kwavela isizathu esisha esisongela ukunciphisa isibalo sezilwane: ukuncishiswa kwamahlathi anempilo.
Ibanga 3 lezingane
Izihloko zemiyalezo ezaziwayo
Indawo yokuhlala yendawo yezihlahla, eNyakatho Melika. Inokhuni oluthambile, olunsundu omnyama, olwenza inqwaba yokuthumela kwelinye izwe iye eCanada. Ensimini yeRussian Federation ikhule eNingizimu nePhakathi
U-Anthony Pogorelsky ungumbhali wencwadi ka-Alexei Alekseevich Perovsky, indodana yesibalo esicebile u-A.K. Razumovsky kanye noM.M.Sobolevskaya. Ngaphandle kokucabanga ngokujulile, uchithe isikhathi esiningi sempilo yakhe efeni likayise uPogoreltsy,
Esikhathini esivela ngekhulu le-XIV - i-XVI, iRenaissance yabusa eYurophu. Lesi yisikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo kwesiko lobuciko, elalikhonjiswa emculweni, futhi laguqula kakhulu ukubukeka kwalo. Ukuqamba nokwenza umculo ngalesi sikhathi kutholile ukubaluleka okukhethekile.
Habitat
Cishe wonke amahlathi ase-Yurobiya anezindawo ezinabantu abaningi abakha izimbotshana zikaphayini. Lezi zilwane zihlala endaweni ebanzi: ukusuka eCaucasus nase-Iran, entshonalanga yeSiberia neCorsica, emazweni ase-Asia Minor naseSisily, kuya eziqhingini zaseMedithera naseSardinia.
Isilwane kwesinye isikhathi sikhetha indawo ehlala emahlathini nezihlahla ezinamandla, kwesinye isikhathi amahlathi axubekile. Kukaningi kakhulu zitholakala ezindaweni ezibucayi ze-coniferous. Ezimweni ezihlukile, i-pine marten ingahlala ezintabeni eziphakeme, kepha kuphela lapho izihlahla zikhona.
Indawo ekahle yokuhlala lesi silwane izindawo zamahlathi lapho kukhona khona izihlahla ezinomgodi. Umfela ungena ezindaweni ezibanzi nezivulekile kuphela ngenhloso yokuzingela. Indawo lapho indawo enamadwala khona yakhona ayifanele isilwane.
Lesi silwane asihlomi ikhaya elihlukile futhi elihlala njalo. Imvamisa, i-yellowfish ifuna izimbobo, izidleke ezindala, iziqhingi zomoya, ezishiywe ngama-squirrels, zikhetha izindawo eziphakeme ngamamitha angama-5-6. Lapha ufel 'ukholo uyama ukuze usebenzise isikhathi sokuphumula ntambama.
Ngemuva kokuhlwa nobusuku, umhlaseli onomusa uyaphuma ayofuna ukudla, abese eya endaweni elandelayo yokuphumula. Kodwa-ke, uma iqhwa elinzima lifika enkingeni, umbono ungashintsha. Kulokhu, lesi silwane sihlala endaweni yokuhlala isikhathi eside, sisebenzisa lokho esikulungiselele kusengaphambili ngokudla. Amaphuzi aphuziwe athande izindawo ezikude nabantu nezindawo.
Inani lezinwele zezilwane linqunywa yiqiniso lokuthi uphayinazi marten izinhlobo zezentengiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlobo lwe-marten. Ngakho-ke, isidalwa esiphuzi sithola ubunzima obanele ngokuzala nokusinda. Lokhu akwenziwa hhayi kuphela ngokuncipha kwezindawo ezinamahlathi ezilungele ukuhlala ezilwaneni, kodwa futhi nokwanda kwesibalo sabazingeli abafisa ukuthola uboya obubizayo.
Izici zomlingiswa
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele i-genus marten, i-yellowbird ithandwa kakhulu futhi ngenhlonipho ihlobene nendawo yokuhlala nenqubo yokuzingela ngqo ezihlahleni. Akanazo izinkinga zokukhuphuka phezulu emithini yezihlahla. Iqhaza elibalulekile kulokhu lidlalwa ngumsila olingene futhi omude, lesi silwane esisebenzisa hhayi njengenduku, kepha futhi njengohlobo lweparachute, esivumela ukugxuma kusuka phezulu ngaphandle kokulimala.
Imbongi ayesabi nakancane izihloko zezihlahla, ingahamba kalula ukusuka egatsheni iye kwelinye, futhi ubude obude bokuthi gxuma lesilwane esincane lungafinyelela kumamitha amane. Noma ngaphezulu komhlaba, iyakwazi futhi ukugxuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-marten ingumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu, kepha ingangena emanzini ezimweni ezihlukile.
I-pine marten ihlukaniswa nge-agility, dexterity kanye nesivinini. Isilwane singanqoba amabanga amakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Abanye abaningi abahlaseli bezinyawo bayoba nomona wakhe obukhali, ukuzwa kanye nokunuka, okumsiza lapho ethungatha. Isidalwa esiphuzi simnandi ngokwanele, sihle futhi sinelukuluku. Emhlambini wazo, ama-martens akhuluma esebenzisa imisindo efana neyama-feeds noma eyokuhlanza. Amawundlu alezi zilwane enza imisindo efana ne-twitter.
Iningi lalezi zilwane lithanda ukuhlala lodwa, lihlukaniswe nabanye abamele le nhlobo. Isilwane ngasinye sinohlaka lwaso siqu. Ummbila unqamula insimu yawo usebenzisa amamaki akhethekile wephunga, atholakala ngenxa yokufihlakala kokuqhumisa okungamakha okuvela ezinjeni ezivuthayo. Indawo ephelele ehlalwa yisilwane ingafinyelela kumahektha angama-5000. Imvamisa, izinsikazi zinesakhiwo esincane kunezikhathi zeduna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yendawo ingancipha ngokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo.
Abesilisa bavikela ngenkuthalo insimu yabo yangasese kwezinye izilwane zalolu ubulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izintokazi nabesilisa, “isabelo” singasehlukanisa. Futhi, uma abesilisa ababili behlangana ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzala, khona-ke lokhu ngokuvamile akuhambisani nokuqina nokukhombisa ulaka.
Ngabe udlani umfinya?
Lesi silwane sibonisa ukuzithoba ekudleni, siyisidlakudla esimangazayo. Ukudla kwe-pine marten ngokuphelele futhi kunqunywa ngokuphelele isikhathi sonyaka, indawo yokuhlala yayo kanye nekhono lokuthola ukudla okukodwa noma okunye. Kepha, noma kunjalo, isakhi esiyinhloko sokuphakelwa kwayo kungukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane. I-delicacy ethandwa kakhulu ye-pine marten ngama-squirrels ajwayelekile.
Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi umzingeli akwazi ukubamba isigcawu ngaphakathi kwekhobo. Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kungenzeki, umfel 'ukholo angakwazi ukujaha isikhathi eside, ahambe ngemuva kwalo egatsheni lezihlahla. Kukhona nohlu oluhlaba umxhwele lwezilwane ezincane ezahlukahlukene, lapho umfelokazi ayokuvulela ngenhliziyo yonke ukuvula ukuzingela kwakhe okungenamusa. Lokhu kufaka iminenke ejwayelekile, hares zasendle kanye hedgehogs. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inyamazane ibulala izisulu zayo, ililume ngqo entanyeni yayo. Isilwane asilokothi sikuthathe isidumbu.
Ehlobo nasekwindla, i-part marten isebenza ngokuzikhandla ekwenzeni kabusha umzimba wayo ngamavithamini adingekayo. Udla amantongomane, amajikijolo asendle, izithelo ezikhula ezihlahleni, nokunyeokudla okune-trace element. I-yellowbird ifihla inani elithile lokudla elitholwa ngekusasa embobeni ebanjiwe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lesi silwane sithanda ukudla amajikijolo ama-rowan noma amajikijolo.
Impilo yeshelf nokukhiqiza kabusha
Ehlobo ehlobo, isikhathi sokukhula siqala e-pine marten. Indoda eyodwa endala ikhetha insikazi eyodwa noma ezimbili ngokuzalela. Kuyamangaza ukuthi lapho kuqala ubusika, isikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi sokufundisa okungamanga singenzeka kuma-martens. Kulokhu, futhi kukhombisa ukukhathazeka, ubudlova nokulwa, kepha lokhu akuholeli ekuhlanganisweni kwesidingo okufanele.
Kungemva nje kwamaviki angaphezu kuka amathathu, izingane ziqala ukuzwa imisindo, bese kuthi ngosuku 28 amehlo abo evulekile. Uma insikazi idinga ukuzingela, ingashiya inzalo isikhathi esithile. Ezimweni lapho esengozini, umama wakhe ubayisa kwenye indawo, ephephile kahle.
Lapho zifika ezinyangeni ezine, izilwane ezincane ezivuthiwe zingakhombisa ukuzimela futhi zizitholele ukudla, kepha isikhathi esithile zihlala eduze konina. Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-pine marten silinganiso seminyaka eyishumi, kepha ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu singafinyelela eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu.
Amaqiniso
I-pine marten inzima ngokwanele ukuba ingazalela endaweni eyenziwe ngokwenziwe. Amaqembu amaningi kakhulu alezi zilwane ahlala ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane eziseJalimane nase-Austria. Futhi, abanye abalandeli babahlaseli abahlekisayo babagcina ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi akwaziwa ukuthi umfelikazi uzosabela kanjani kumuntu osefulethini. Abanye abameleli bazoba nothando futhi babe mnene, abanye bazosabela ngokunganaki, futhi abanye bazoqala ukukhombisa ukuxabana komoya.
Naphezu kokuqagela kwayo, amanye ama-martens kaphayini asaba futhi anamahloni. Okwamanje ngokwesaba, babanjwa, futhi kwenzeka ngokuzamazama okuqinile, kwezinye izikhathi, ngokuquleka. Bese kuthi, emva kwesikhathi esithile, isilwane siqandeke. Imvamisa, ukuthathwa kudlula ngaphandle komkhondo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kugcina ngokufa komfela.
I-corpus ephuzi ingaba yingozi hhayi kwezinye izilwane kuphela, kodwa nakubantu. UMarten ungaba umgadli wamarabi, amagciwane nezibungu, nesifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaselwa kwe-marten kuma-coops enkukhu kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile.
Uhlu lwezitha zalesi silwane kukhona ezinye izinyamazane. Lokhu kufaka impisi, i-lynx noma isikhova sokhozi, impungushe nezinye izinyoni, ngokwesibonelo, ukhozi noma ukhozi lwegolide. Umfel 'ukholo angacasha ngokuphumelelayo kwizisulu zomhlaba ezihlahleni ezinde. Kwenzeka kaninginingi ukuthi abazingeli abakhulu babulale izilwane eziphuzi hhayi ukudla, kodwa ukuze kususwe umuntu oncintisana naye ngqo ekudleni lokudla.
Okwamanje, inani lomhlaba wonke wepine martens linamakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. Futhi, kuyamangaza ukuthi isidalwa esiphuzi singashada nabamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kulokhu, i-hybrid kuvela ukuthi ayinazithelo, ibizwa nge- Kindus.
Incazelo
Ama-Martens izidla ezinomzimba omude, omncanyana, isisulu esibukhali namawindi amafushane. Bangabanikazi boboya obukhulu, obudaywe ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene onsundu. Umsila umswakama futhi mude. Isici esibonakalayo ukuhamba kwengqondo okuthuthukile kwezingaphambili, ezingafaniswa namakhono amahle wemoto yengane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Ama-Martens adla ngamagundane amancane, izirhubuluzi, izinyoni, nokuqothuka izidleke afuna amaqanda. Ehlobo, bajabulela amajikijolo namantongomane. Bahlala endle iminyaka eyi-10, ekudingisweni, le nkathi ingakhula ibe yiminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwengama-20. Ungahlangana nesilwane esihlakaniphile emahlathini ase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Bancamela isimo sezulu esifudumele.
Ahlala kuphi ama-martens eRussia? Ungakhubeka kubo ezindaweni eziphakathi nezwe, e-Urals, eCaucasus, eMpumalanga Ekude naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-martens.
Pine marten
Lezi yizilwane ezinobala obomvu noma obomvu we-chestnut, esifubeni sazo zinendawo ephuzi. Ngaye babeqanjwa ngokuthi "izilwane eziphuzi". Usayizi womzimba uhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-48 kuye kwangama-58, ukuphakama lapho kubuna - amasentimitha ayi-15. Isisindo sisukela kuma-800 amagremu kuya kumakhilogremu amabili.
AmaMartens ahlala emahlathini axubile noma aqabayo. Ehlathini le-coniffort kuyatholakala, kepha kuncipha kaningi. Ezintabeni ziyabonakala kulokho kuphakama, lapho izihlahla zisakhula khona. Izilwane zigwema izikhala ezivulekile. Izilwane zikhuphuka ngokuphelele emagatsheni, zenze i-acrobatic jumps. Ngobusuku emigodini, izidleke ezilahliwe, izihlahla zomoya ezihlala ehlathini. Bazingela ebusuku yilowo nalowo endaweni yakhe.
Uhlala kuphi uphayini wephayini? Indawo yokuhlala yayo ibanzi: cishe wonke amazwe ase-Europe, i-Russia aze afike e-Western Siberia, eningizimu - indawo ukusuka eCaucasus kuya eMedithera, e-Eshiya - izindawo ezisentshonalanga.
Itshe ukholo
Lesi isilwane esinoboya obudonswe ngombala onsundu nebala elimhlophe entanyeni. Elinye igama lakhe ngu "mhlophe-white". I-Start marten incane kunehlathi, ubude bomzimba busuka kumasentimitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-55. Amawashi wesilwane amafushane, i-muzzle ibukhali, umsila mude. Imikhuba iyafana ne-squirrel. Izilwane zinelukuluku kakhulu futhi zithinta ukuxhumana kalula.
Stone marten uhlala endaweni evulekile, ezintabeni, nasezindlini zabantu. Lezi zilwane zihlela izindawo zokukhosela ezakhiweni ezindala, emgedeni, emifantwini yamatshe, phakathi kwenqwaba yamadwala, kuma-attic nasezinkomeni. Zingadala ingozi enkulu lapho zizingela izilwane ezifuywayo, ama-hnawing hoses, izintambo.
Ahlala kuphi ama-martens? Lolu hlobo luhlala iningi le-Eurasia. Izilwane zitholakala eNgilandi naseSyria, eHimalayas nase-Italy enelanga (ngaphandle kweSardinia), ePalestine nase-Afghanistan. E-Russia, ama-martens amatshe angatholakala eCaucasus naseCrimea, eSiberia eneqhwa nasendaweni ephakathi nendawo. Ngezinhloso zokuzingela, izinhlobo zalethwa eMelika futhi zihlala lapho eWisconsin.
Umfel 'ukholo waseMelika
Lesi yisihlobo esingandile esicishe siqothulwe.Njengamanje, isibalo sabantu siyabuyiselwa kancane kancane. Ngaphandle, i-marten yaseMelika ifana nokubulawa kwehlathi, kepha umbala woboya bayo wehluka kakhulu: lapha ungathola izithunzi ezikhanyayo nezimnyama zamathoni ansundu, abomvu nokubomvu. Umsila nemilenze isondele kumnyama. Intamo, isigaxa nesisu kulula. Ubude bomzimba busukela kumasentimitha angama-32-45, isisindo - ukusuka kuma-500 amagremu kuya kumakhilogremu ayi-1,3.
Umfel 'ukholo waseMelika uhola impilo yobusuku. Okuthandwa kunikezwa emahlathini amadala e-coniffort. Izihlahla ezigwetshiwe ziyindawo enhle yokufihlwa okucashile. Abanye abantu bahlala endaweni yokuhlala endaweni ethile. Ingxenye yabo ofela ukholo ivikela kakhulu ezihlotsheni zobulili obufanayo nabo. Izilwane ezincane kwesinye isikhathi ziyazulazula zifuna indawo engcono noma insikazi.
Ahlala kuphi ama-martens alezi zinhlobo? Abantu abaningi bahlala e-Alaska, kanye naseCanada. Eningizimu, uhla lwezindawo zokuhlala lufinyelela ezifundeni zaseCalifornia naseColorado e-United States.
Harza
Lesi silwane esikhulu esifana ncamashi nezinye izinhlobo zama-martens. Umbala uyakhanya: inhloko emnyama ene-chin emhlophe nezihlathi ezibomvu, isifuba esiphuzi esikhanyayo, uboya begolide emuva, amabala ansundu amnyama nomsila. Ijazi lifushane, licwebezela. Ubukhulu besilwane busuka kumasentimitha angama-55 kuye kwangama-80, isisindo kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-6.
IKharza ihlala emahlathini aminyene, kude nabantu. Abesifazane kuphela abondla izingane ezihlala phansi. Abantu abasele bathutheleka ngokukhululeka beyofuna inyamazane, baphumule emigodini, emifantwini, emaxhaphozini. Ngaphezu kwamagundane amancane, i-charza ihlasela amazinyane ezinyamazane, izingulube zasendle, inyamazane yodoti kanye no-moose. Izintandokazi eziyizidlakudla zingamahlaya emaskandi. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izilwane zingajoyina ngamaqembu, okuyinto engajwayelekile kwabanye abamele izinhlobo. Enye isici sabo uthando lwezinyosi.
Ahlala kuphi ama-martens? I-Kharza ihlala emazweni ase-Asia kanye naseMpumalanga: iChina, Korea, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey, Nepal, Iran, Georgia, njll. Izilwane zitholakala emaphethelweni weHimalayas, ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama, ogwini lolwandle nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ensimini yaseRussia, izilwane zitholakala ePrimorye nase-Amur, zilethwe naseCrimea, Adygea naseDagestan.
Nilgir Harza
Le marten exotic ipendiwe ngemibala emnyama nsundu, kanti intamo nesifuba kuyamangaza ngombala wazo o-orange ogqamile. Usayizi wesilwane esidala ungasukela kumasentimitha angama-55 kuye kwangama-70. Isisindo sangaphansi kakhulu kunaleso se-charza ejwayelekile - kusuka kumakhilogremu amabili kuya kwayi-2,5.
Uhlala kuphi umfelokazi futhi udlani? U-Nilgir Harza uyena kuphela omelele futhi osengozini yokuqothulwa komndeni wama-marten eSouth India. Lolu hlobo lusaqondwa kahle. Indlela yokuphila kuthiwa isesikhathini. Abantu bodwa batholakala emahlathini emvula emagqumeni. Abantu bayazigwema izilwane. Izinduna zihlelwe ezihlahleni, eduze kwamanzi. Kepha izilwane zizingela emhlabathini. Zidla izinyoni ezincane, izinduku, izibankwakazi nokuqapha izibankwa, amakhokho, inyamazane yase-Eshiya.
Ilka
Le yinhlobo enkulu ye-marten, efana ne-weasel. Ubude bomzimba buhlukahluka ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-75 kuya kwangama-120, isisindo kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-5 kilogalamu. Ijazi lide, liqinile, linombala onsundu, inhloko namahlombe kulula, kune-sheen silvery.
U-Ilka uhlala ezindaweni eziphansi zaseNyakatho Melika. Ugibela izihlahla kahle, ubhukuda, kepha uncamela ukuhamba emhlabathini. Uhlala kuphi umfela ehlathini? Izilwane zihlela izindawo zokukhosela emigodini, kweziqu, ngaphansi kwesiqu esidikiwe. Bemba imbobo ebusika.
U-Ilka ungumhlaseli wezitho zomzimba. Ama-porcupines wokhuni ayisibiliboco esikhethekile kuye, yize empini nabokugcina, izilwane azihlali ziphuma zinqoba. Zidla u-carrion, zingadla amajikijolo, ama-moss, ama-fern, namantongomane. Baphila impilo yobusuku, bazingela ezinhlelweni zabo.
Kuyathunyelwa
Lesi silwane esinamandla sihola indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni, sikhuphuka izihlahla kuphela uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Umbala we-sables wehlukene futhi muhle kakhulu: kusuka ku-fawn, brown brown kuya cishe kumnyama. Izilwane ezinamakhono zihlala ku-taiga. Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kuhlelwe emgodini noma ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Zidla ngokudla kwezitshalo, namagundane amancane, izinyoni ezinkulu, izinhlanzi, ukuhlaselwa kwamahashe, ama-ermines, ama-musk deer.
Ahlala kuphi ama-martens alezi zinhlobo? AmaSabatha angabahlali bangempela be-taiga yaseRussia. Zitholakala kusuka e-Urals kuya olwandle iPacific. Kukhona neminye imihlambi yaseJapan ehlala eziqhingini zaseTsushima, Shikoku, Kyushu naseHonshu. Ukuze kutholakale uboya obuhle, izilwane zazilethwa naseziqhingini zaseSado naseHokkaido. I-sable yaseJapan ingaba nombala we-tan noma omnyama onesici sokukhanya esibonakalayo ngemuva kwekhanda.
AmaMartens awumndeni omkhulu ohlala eYurophu nase-Asia, eNyakatho Melika. Njengamanje, angatholakala emahlathini amaningi aminyene aseRussia. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zibekwa engcupheni futhi zidinga isivikelo esikhethekile.