Wake wezwa ngenyoni indiza ngejubane lendiza? Cha? Lapho-ke sekuyisikhathi sokujwayelana nenyoni ebizwa ngeBlack Swift.

I-swift emnyama ifana nokugwinya kwangaphandle, kepha ama-swows akhudlwana. Izinyoni ezinamazinyo zinemilenze emifushane, ehlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ikulungele ukuba zinamathele endaweni emaweni. Lezi zinyoni azilokothi zehlele ezweni lokuzikhethela, ngoba lapho ziba sengozini yezinyamazane. Ama-swift amnyama achitha iningi lempilo yawo esemoyeni.

IBlack Swift (Apus apus).

Endizeni enezingqimba, ama-sw swows izinyoni ezisheshayo, kanti ekwindla zingaphambili kwama-falcons. Akukho nyoni eyodwa engabamba ijubane elimnyama emoyeni, ngoba lezi zinyoni zindiza ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-180 ngehora! Ngalelijubane, inyoni ingancintisana kalula "nommbila" omncane. Kepha umpetha ngeke akwazi ukuthola indiza enkulu yabagibeli, ngoba amandla emisipha angaphansi kwezinjini ze-jet.

Swift bird: Incazelo

Sinikeza izici eziphambili zokubukeka. Umzimba we-swows ngobude ufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10- 24, isisindo sisuka ku-50 kuye ku-140 amagremu. Ikhanda likhulu, amehlo amnyama, uqhwaku lufushane futhi lubukhali. Izimpiko zigobile futhi zinde, umsila uvaliwe noma uqondile. Imilenze incane futhi ibuthakathaka. Iminwe iya phambili, izipikili zibukhali.

Esikhathini esiningi izinyoni zinombala omnyama, imibala emnyama nengwevu, kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kwesisu kuyatholakala. Umbala omhlophe ukhona, njengomthetho, kwi-undertery, umphimbo, isisu nebunzi. Abesifazane nabesilisa ngokubukeka abanakho umehluko.

Ehlobo, imihlambi yezinyoni ezimnyama ezindiza esibhakabhakeni ngesikhwanyana ingabonakala yonke indawo, ngisho nasemadolobheni amakhulu. Lezi yizilo ezimnyama ezivame kakhulu emadolobheni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezifundeni ezisempumalanga yezwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe, inqwaba yabantu "basemadolobheni" yizihlambi ezibizwa ngama-swiped. Ngokuvamile, izinyoni ezimhlophe nezimnyama ziyafana ngokubukeka nangokuziphatha.

Habitat

IBlack Swift ijwayelekile eYurophu. Ingatholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. ISwift iyinyoni efudukayo, kepha ithanda izidleke emazweni ase-Eshiya naseYurophu, lapho isimo sezulu singenamusa khona. ISwift ingesinye sezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezikhetha ukuhlala emadolobheni amakhulu emakoloni, yingakho izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni zivame ukubuka izindiza ezinkulu esibhakabhakeni. Imvamisa, imijikelezo yesw swows eduze kwamafulethi wokugcina ezakhiwo eziphakeme. Ekuqaleni, abantu abamnyama babekhetha indawo ehlukile - lezi kwakuyizintaba namadwala anezimila eziminyene. Le nyoni futhi ithanda ukuhlala eduze kwabantu namachibi.

Ezindaweni ezishisayo, amaswidi akhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo kunezinambuzane eziningi, ngakho-ke kunokuthile okudliwayo. Lapho kufika amakhaza ekwindla, ama-swipes endiza aya ebusika eningizimu ye-Afrika. Kutholakala abantu abamnyama eNyakatho Asia nasempumalanga yeYurophu. ESiberia, izinyoni zithanda ukuhlala lapho kunamahlathi zikaphayini. Ukushiswa okuningi emadolobheni amakhulu: Kaliningrad, Kiev, St. Petersburg, Dushanbe.

Zidlani izimbotshana?

Izinyoni okukhulunywa ngazo zincike kakhulu emazingeni okushisa asezingeni lesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu, okuyisici saso esivelisayo. Uma inyoni iSwift ibulawa yindlala, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wayo lingase lehle liye kuma-degree angama-20. Kungakho lezi zinyoni zinamandla okuwela kuhlobo lokuqina.

Kudliwa izibungu zezinambuzane, ezibanjwa emoyeni ngoqhwaku lwazo, njengenethi uvemvane. Uma ukudla kungatholakali, izinyoni zigxila kuhlobo lokuzilibazisa futhi zingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kulelizwe kuze kube yilapho izimo zezulu zithuthuka. Leli khono aligcini nje ngabantu abadala, kodwa futhi namachwane alolu hlobo. Uma bebhekile, bangahlala cishe izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye, kuyilapho abazali behamba beyothenga amakhilomitha ambalwa.

Izindiza ezinde-haul ukuze uthole ukudla zibizwa ngokuthi ukufuduka kwesimo sezulu. Izinyoni zase-Overwinter swwing izimpukane, imvamisa ngo-Agasti. Kodwa-ke, futhi, kulokhu, konke kuncike kwisimo sezulu.

Umsoco

Ukudla kwama-swwing kwenziwa kuphela izinambuzane. Bazibambe ngomlomo wazo, zifana nethi uvemvane. Umphimbo wesidlakudla ungabutha inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinyoni zithathwa njengabasizi abahle kakhulu ekulweni nezinambuzane eziyingozi.

Ushintsho lokuhlala kwale nyoni lungancika ekutholakaleni kokudla endaweni yokuhlala. Lapho nje izinambuzane ziba zincane ngenxa yesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke shintshana futhi uguqule indawo yazo yokuhlala.

Ukuzala

Lezi zinyoni zidla ezihlahleni, emigodini, emifantwini yamatshe, emiseleni nasemihumeni. Konke kuncike endaweni yokuhlala. Ababomvu bahlala emahlathini, emadolobheni, ezintabeni naseziwadule. Imibhangqwana idala impilo.

Isidleke esisheshayo sakhiwe ngemicu yezitshalo, amahlumela nezimpaphe eziqoqwa yizinyoni endiza. Unyaka nonyaka, izinyoni zibuyela ezidlekeni zazo zangaphambili. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kuhlala cishe isonto.

Amaqanda aqanduselwa yizinsikazi izinsuku ezingama-16 kuya ku-22, ngaleso sikhathi owesilisa undiza lapho eyofuna ukudla. Ekulumbeni kuvame ukuba namaqanda amhlophe, kungaba ezine noma eyodwa kuphela.

Amakati angashiyi isidleke se-swiped izinsuku ezingama-33- 39, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Abazali babondla kaningana ngosuku ngezixhaxaka zamathe kanye nezinambuzane. Lapho-ke amachwane ayabaleka, ngoba akulungele ngokuphelele ukuphila impilo ezimele.

Progeny

Owesifazane uvame ukubeka amaqanda ama-2, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, kungahle kube ngaphezulu. Amaqanda anombala ophakeme, mhlophe ngombala, ubude - 2,6 cm, ububanzi - 1.6 cm. Owesifazane ugebha amaqanda, bese owesilisa amondle ngalesi sikhathi.

Amachwane athosiwe adinga ukudla. Bobabili abazali banakekela inzalo. Ekufikeni komzali oyedwa, inkukhu eyodwa kuphela ethola ukudla.

Izinyoni zidla okuncane hhayi izinambuzane kuphela. Iduna elincane aligwinyi esisodwa ngasikhathi, kepha lifumana uqhwaku lwalo kuze kube yilapho laphenduka isigaxa kanye namathe. Lapho inhlama isilungile lapho umjubane ayigwinyayo noma ayithwale ayibambe. Izihlwayi ziyamamatheka, izinambuzane eziningi ziyafa kuzo, kepha iningi lazo alilethi inzuzo yabantu.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto zangaphandle, lapho kuphola ngaphandle, amachwane anganciphisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba: 2-3ᵒ C ngaphezulu komkhathi. Lesi simo sokulamba ngokuphelele sinokuhlala izinsuku ezingama-5-10. Umzimba we-shear phakathi nalesi sikhathi udla emafutheni amafutha anqwabelene.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

• Amaswidi awakwazi ukubhukuda futhi ahambe, kodwa angahlala kuphela emagatsheni esihlahla andize. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni ziyaphuza, zidla futhi zigeze ngisho nakukhuphuki.
• Lapho kubhekwa isimo sezulu esibi, futhi izidwaba ziyaqonda ukuthi ngeke zikwazi ukondla amachwane, ziphonsa amaqanda esidlekeni.
• Lezi yizinyoni ezisheshayo, ijubane lendiza elingafika kumakhilomitha angama-170 ngehora.
• Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukulala empukeni, kanti isikhathi sokuphumula okunjalo singafinyelela amahora amaningana.
• Endle, lezi zinyoni ziphila iminyaka eyishumi kuya kwengamashumi amabili.

Ubusika nendlela yokuphila

ISwift iyinyoni ekhetha ubusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, futhi ngokuqala kokushisa ihlala ibuyela ezweni layo. Swwing kukhona umsindo futhi unomsindo; bathanda ukundiza bodwa, kodwa ngamaphakethe. Izinyoni zichitha iningi lempilo yazo zibaleka. Benza amaphiko okushaya njalo, ukundiza ngokushesha. Ubungqabavu bokubukwa yikhono lokufeza izindiza ezihlelayo. Lapho isimo sezulu sivuma, izinyoni emoyeni zincintisana, ziphendukelana futhi zikhale kakhulu.

Isidlakudla esimnyama yizinhlobo ezinesici sazo ukuntuleka kwamakhono okuhamba phansi. Kodwa-ke, zingabambelela emadwaleni asezindongeni nasezindongeni ezibheke phezulu ngenxa yama-paws aqinile futhi aqinile.

Umehluko kusuka kumila

Iswidi kanye nokugwinya kufana kakhulu ngombala nosayizi, ngakho-ke kuvame ukudideka. Kodwa-ke, lapho usuhlolisisa, kuyacaca ukuthi lezi izinyoni ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ngisho bangamalungu amayunithi ahlukene.

Iziwula nezigwinya ziqhathaniswa ngosayizi: amaphiko afanayo, ubude obufanayo bomzimba, kepha isisindo somjikijeli osemncane siphinda kabili isisindo somgwalo. Zihlukile ngombala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iplamu lazo zombili zimnyama, izibungu zinombala oluhlaza okotshani, kukhona ibala elincane elimhlophe okhalweni kanye nomphimbo. Isici esiyingqayizivele sesibhuku futhi siyisiqhingi esibukhali, okubonakala ngathi sinquma isibhakabhaka (yingakho igama).

ISwallows inezinyawo ezinyoni ezijwayelekile neminwe emithathu ekhomba phambili kanye neyodwa emuva. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo sama-paws, izinyoni ziphumula kalula ku-perch futhi zihamba phansi.

Izingubo zokubhukuda zinama-paws ahlukile. Yonke iminwe emine iqondiswa phambili, ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ezinyoni ukulinda ibhalansi. Lesi sici sinqume indlela yokulala kwesiphethu: balengiswa phansi phansi kancane, ngoba abakwazi ukuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminwe ebheke phambili ikwenza kube nzima ukusuka nokuxhaswa, kodwa lapho nje izinyoni zikhuphukela esibhakabhakeni, sezivele zikhohlwe ukuthi zibukeka kanjani ziyisiphukuphuku emhlabathini. Endizeni, ama-swift afinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-170 km / h, kuyilapho ukugwinya - kufinyelela ku-60 km / h kuphela.

Omunye umehluko ukuthi ngemuva kobusika ubusika abufiki bufika okokugcina, kuyilapho izimbotshana zingabashokobezi besentwasahlobo.

Izici

Phakathi kwezihlobo eziseduzane zezinto ezihlafunwayo inyoni eyi-hummingbird. Enye yezinto ezisheshayo ukukhala okuwukhipha. Lokhu kuzwakala kakhulu futhi kunesikhathi eside. Izisulu ezisebenza kakhulu kusihlwa. Ubudala benyoni bunganqunywa umbala wezimpaphe. Ebantwaneni abasha liphuzi, kubantu abadala - limnyama ngamathiphu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza. Endala inyoni, imnyama izimpaphe. Imilenze yejubane iba nsundu, imfishane. Umuntu onameva uchitha iningi lempilo yakhe esemoyeni, ngoba ngemuva kokufika kuzoba nzima kuye ukusunduluzela ahambe.

Umuntu osheshayo uyakwazi ukundiza ngokushesha kunendiza, kepha i-falcon inejubane lokuwa okuyisisekelo. Uma inyoni iwela ngephutha kumuntu kuvulandi, ngeke ikwazi ukundiza yodwa, futhi iyokhasa endaweni enezingqimba. Izimbali ziyinyoni ethembekile. Bakhetha umlingani impilo yonke. Izinyoni zihlomisa isidleke sazo ndawonye, ​​njalo ngonyaka zibuyela lapho. Zinezidleke eziphakeme ezihlahleni, emadwaleni, emihumeni. Lezi zinyoni zinamachwane amahle.

Amanothi

1. Boehme R. L., Flint V.E.
   Isichazamazwi sezilimi ezimbili samagama ezilwane. Izinyoni. IsiLatin, isiRussia, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi / sihlelwe yi-Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M.R. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 151. - 2030 amakhophi. - I-ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
2. UJody bourton
   . [News.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8539000/8539383.stm Izikebhe ezinkulu zithatha irekhodi lesivinini sendiza.] (English), i-BBC - Earth News (Mashi 2, 2010). Ibuyiselwe ngoJanuwari 1, 2013.
3. U-Arlott N., uBrave V.
   Izinyoni zaseRussia: Isandla-esinqunyiwe. - ISt. Petersburg: Amphora, 2009 .-- Is 23 23 - 446 k. - I-ISBN 978-5-367-01026-8.
4. Kholodkovsky N.A., Silantyev A.A.
   Izinyoni zaseYurophu. I-ornithology engokoqobo ne-atlas yezinyoni zaseYurophu. Ingxenye II - ISt. Petersburg: Ihlelwe ngu-A. F. Devrien, 1901. - S. 343-344. - 608 k.

Amahlaya

Ukutheleleka kwezifo kususwa amaqanda amabili noma amathathu. Kokubili okweduna nokwedoda kubabopha izinsuku eziyishumi nane. Lesi sikhathi sehluka ngesimo sezulu yingakho nekhono lokuzingela. Esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu, abazali bangashiya isidleke, belahlekelwe yithuba lokuzala izingane kulo nyaka.

Amathole avuthiwe aphuma esidlekeni ngemuva kokuzala, kepha uma isimo sezulu singekho, angabambezelekaimbili. Lapho nje abasha bephuma esidlekeni, baqala impilo yokuzimela.