Ngokwenganekwane, le nyoni yadalelwa ngokukhethekile izithixo zamahlathi ukusiza abahambi abalahlekile ehlathini. Lapho ngeshwa wayengenamabhokishi noma ukudla, babemthumela izingulube zasendle. Le nyoni yayingamesabi nakancane umuntu, yayingashayelwa phansi esihlahleni noma ngenduku noma iphonswe intambo entanyeni, bese iphekwa ingadli ukufa.
Uhlala kuphi
E-Russia, uhla lwe-grouse yasendle liqukethe izindawo ezintathu ezodwa. Enye yazo isuka esifundeni esisenyakatho nentshonalanga yeSifunda sase-Amur naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeYakutia kuya ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Esesibili yizifunda zaseSikhote Alin ezisezintabeni, kanti eyesithathu yizifunda ezisenyakatho nezisenkabeni yeS Island. Kodwa-ke, kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, i-grouse yasendle isatshalaliswa ngezikhathi ezithile. I-taiga eluhlobo olumnyama yindawo yokuhlala oyithandayo yezinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-grouse yasendle itholakala ezintabeni nasemathafeni, embozwe ngamahlathi esi-spruce-fir, ngesinye isikhathi ngokufakwa kwe-birch. Ezintabeni inyuka ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1600 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izimpawu zangaphandle
Ngaphandle, umfazi wasendle unikeza isithombe sommeleli ojwayelekile womndeni wakhe. Isisindo sale nyoni singasukela ku-380 kuya ku-780 g, futhi ubude bomzimba ngokwesilinganiso bube amasentimitha angama-40. Izimpaphe ezingaphandle ezimile okwezimpiko zamaphiko zikhombe ngokuqinile futhi zinesimo se-crescent. I-grouse inomzimba, ikhanda elincane futhi hhayi i-kuvutia kakhulu, kepha umbala we-plumage omuhle. Isidumbu esingaphezulu sidwetshwe ngombala we-oliveish brown, ohlangothini olungezansi lomzimba kutholakala umbala we-motley ngaphezulu. Umphimbo nengxenye yentamo kumnyama ngomphunga omhlophe. Owesifazane uhlukile ngokubonakala kowesilisa. Umbala wayo awukho mnyama, kepha amathoni ansomi agqamile. Ngenkathi yokuzalela ebusweni besilisa, "amashiya" abomvu abonakala ngokucacile - izindawo zesikhumba ezingenalutho.
Owesifazane wasendle
Indlela yokuphila
Imisindo ethambile eyenziwe owesilisa entwasahlobo ifana nomoya ohewulayo ku-chimney, kuyilapho nokuba ngamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka kowesilisa wamanje, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi uzwa ngaphi. Owesifazane wenza ukuqubuka okuthukile, okugxiliswe yimisindo ekhanyayo.
Umunyu awucasuli futhi uthule. Ehlathini, uhamba ngezinyawo, kancane, futhi uzama ukungahambi lapho kwenzeka ingozi. I-grouse yasendle ihlala ihlala inganyakazi isikhathi eside, indiza ngokungafani futhi imvamisa ibanga elifushane - 20-30 m (indiza ihambisana nokushayiza kwamaphiko). Ngenxa yekhono elakheke kahle lokucasha, le nyoni kuyaqabukela iba inyamazane yezinyamazane, ikakhulukazi imishayo.
Izindawo eziningi eziminyene ze-taiga coniferous emnyama emithambekeni yezintaba zivame kakhulu ukuthola izingulube zasendle. Njengoba le nyoni ivame ukutholakala eduze kwezindawo zamatshe, abantu abangaphandle kanye namadwala, inelinye igama - itshe legumbi. Ngaphezu kwamahlathi acijile amnyama, i-grouse yasendle nayo iyatholakala emahlathini aqhakazileyo, emahlathini amahlathi amade omsedari, kanye nasezihlathini zamatshe ase-birch.
Isisekelo sokudla kwezinyoni ebusika izinaliti ezi-fir ne-spruce, zidla izinaliti, zisika ngemilomo yazo ezivela kumagatsha. Ebusika, izinyoni zihola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, zichitha isikhathi endaweni encane (amahekitha ambalwa) indawo ye-spruce noma fir futhi zidla imiqhele yezihlahla. Iningi losuku, i-grouse yamatshe ihlala kumaseli ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ehlobo nasekwindla, badla imigqumo yembewu yama-moss, izinaliti ezi-larch, amaqabunga ezitshalo ezine-herbaceous, ama-Clouds, ama-crowberry, ama-blueberries, ama-cranberries, ama-lingonberry. Ngesinye isikhathi, izilwane zasendle zidla izinambuzane.
Ukuzala
Ukuqala kokudlekwa kwezinyoni zasendle kuba maphakathi noMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Isidleke singumgodi omncane oboshwe ngotshani obuluhlaza, utshani namaqabunga. E-clutch kuvame amaqanda ama-ocher aphuzi angama-8-12 anama-chestnut amabala. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba wenkukhu ehle kakhulu ye-grouse yasendle imsundu okhanyayo, uhlangothi olungaphansi luphuzi ngokuphuzi, emqheleni kukhona “isicephu” onsundu. Izinhlwayi ezineminyaka eyiviki ziyakwazi ukundiza ziye emagatsheni aphansi ezihlahla.
Isibalo
Inani eliphelele lama-grouse amatshe ku-Khabarovsk Territory ngabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-12-15. Ezindaweni ezihle, inani labantu bensimu lifinyelela abantu abayi-15 endaweni eyi-1 sq. Km. km
Kunokugcinwa kwemvelo okuningana phakathi kwebanga lezinkukhu zasendle, lapho le nhlobo ivikelekile.
Ukunamathiselwa kwalezi zinyoni ezindaweni ezithile ze-taiga ye-coniferous emnyama kuholela ekutheni esimweni sokuqothulwa kwalolu hlobo noma ngesikhathi somlilo, i-grouse yasendle inyamalala kanye nayo. Izinyoni "ezethembekile" zivame ukufela ezandleni zabazingeli. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukungesabi kwenza i-grouse yasendle ibe nombono othembisa kakhulu wokuhlobisa amapaki amahlathi namapaki, izindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobhana lemizana ekude neMpumalanga Ekude.
Iqiniso elihehayo
Ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle kwe-hazel grouse nokukhohlisa ngokweqile, i-boar yasendle ibizwa nangokuthi i-grouse ethobekile. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nyoni ukuthi akesabi ngokuphelele abantu, ngakho-ke, ukuzingela izingulube zasendle kuyatholakala nakwabaqalayo. INonki, idolobhana labomdabu baseSiberia, inisiko elihehayo elihlotshaniswa nabesifazane basendle. Njengoba ehlangane nenyoni, umzingeli ngeke aqale ukuyibulala, ngokomqondo uyifisela umuntu okhatheleyo futhi ofile yindlala. Ngempela, inyamazane yasendle iyinyamazane elula kunazo zonke emahlathini endawo.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Umbuso: izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: chordates (Chordata).
Ibanga: izinyoni (i-Aves).
Isigcawu: inkukhu (Galliformes).
Umndeni: i-grouse (Tetraoninae).
Ubulili: abesifazane basendle (Falcipennis).
Buka: izingulube zasendle (Falcipennis falcipennis).
Ukusabalala kwezingulube zasendle zase-Asia
ISavage itholakala eSakhalin, eMpumalanga Ekude, eYakutia naseTransbaikalia. Indawo yendawo yama-Asia zasendle-boar icishe ikuphinde ngokuphelele ukwabiwa kwe-Ayan spruce. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko itholakala emahlathini amabanga amabili - iSikhote-Alin neStanovoy. Enyakatho, i-grouse yasendle ihlala ogwini lwase-Okhotsk. Ngasentshonalanga, indawo yokuhlala ifinyelela ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zeStanovoi Range, kuya esiqongweni soMfula i-Oldoy. Umngcele oseningizimu usesigodini sase-Amur, usendaweni ephansi kuphela lapho uhlala khona izingulube zasendle uhlala ebhange elifanele futhi udlulele kufinyelela kwangama-45 ngokusebenzisa amahlathi eSikhote-Alin.
Isimanga sowesifazane wasendle ukuthi akwesabi ngokuphelele owesilisa, futhi lokhu kubeke umbono oseceleni lokubhujiswa ngokuphelele.
Incazelo Nezici
Noma ngubani owake wabona i-hazel grouse noma i-grouse emnyama kalula nje angacabanga ngowesifazane wasendle. Ungumuntu ophethe i-hazel grouse, likhulu kuphela kunesikhathi esisodwa nesigamu, futhi ngombala omnyama ufana ne-capercaillie ethe xaxa. Kodwa-ke, ukusondela lapho umazi, yilapho uqonda ngokwengeziwe: kunokwehluka okuningi phakathi kwale nyoni nezihlobo zayo kunokufana. Kepha ngokuyisisekelo iphathelene nendlela yokuphila yezakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga Ekude.
Isisindo sale nyoni singasukela ku-400 kuye ku-750 g, kanti umzimba ubude bawo bube ngama-40-45 cm. Umzimba ugcwele volumous, inhloko incane, intamo iphakeme futhi iminyene, uqhwaku lufushane futhi lubukhali. Umsila, osukela ngosayizi ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-13 cm, uphakanyiswa ngamandla futhi uphela ngunxantathu obukhali. Emadodeni, iziphetho zamaphiko zinobumba obukhulu be-wedge.
Ngaphandle, i-grouse yasendle ifana kakhulu ne-capercaillie
Ingulube yasendle edwetshwe ngombala onsundu, icishe ibe mnyama. Ukusakazeka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezindawo ezimhlophe kubonakala phansi komzimba nangamathiphu ezimpaphe zomsila. Ikhanda entanyeni nasentanjeni linombala wamalahle onomphetho onsundu eceleni. Amashiya amnyama abomvu, i-collar ephakeme kanye nezimpaphe ezi-fluffy entanyeni akhombisa ukuthi owesilisa ubukhuthalele ukuthandana. I-cockerel iyakhombisa ngentombi yakhe izingubo zayo zomshado.
Owesifazane umfazi wasendle esithombeni Kubukeka kunesizotha kakhulu. Ugqoke izimpaphe ezithambile zombala wegundane, kwesinye isikhathi embozwe kancane ngomthunzi ovuthiwe. Kuliqiniso, iphethini elinsundu elivulekile libenza bakhange kakhudlwana. Azikho amashiya abomvu, akukho i-crest ekhanda. Isizotha nobuhle uqobo.
I-genus yasar boar ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu ezifanayo kakhulu ngombala, ubukhulu kanye nendlela yokuphila: i-Asia Boar yasendle (evamile), etholakala kuphela eRussia e-Far East, kanye nezihlobo zayo ezimbili ezihlala ezwekazini laseMelika - Canadian zasendle nentaba.
- Canadian ummeleli, njengoba wazi, uhlala eNyakatho Melika. Ubukhulu baso bukhulu kancane kunokujwayelekile - ngamasentimitha angama-35 ubude, isisindo kusuka ku-450 kuya ku-600 g. Inomsila omude namaphiko, izimpaphe eziphezulu ezingekho mhlophe kepha zibubende.
Isisu sakhe nomzimba ophansi futhi kuhlotshiswe ngamamaki amhlophe enkundleni yezokhethi, noma kunjalo, azinaso isimo esime “njengenhliziyo” efana nowesifazane wasendle. Indawo emnyama ebeleni lesifuba sama-cockerels ihlukaniswe umucu owenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingaphansi. Futhi ukwakheka kwephiko lakhe akubukhali njengaleyo yase-Far East yasendle-boar.
Kuzo zontathu izinhlobo zohlobo, iCanada iyona evame kakhulu. Kutholakala eCanada kusuka oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic kuya ePacific, lapho kukhula khona amaConifer.
- Intaba yasendle uhlala emahlathini ama-coniferous wohlelo lwezintaba lweCorridillera. Ifana kakhulu neyaseCanada, noma ngabe ngesinye isikhathi yathathwa njengezincwadini zayo. Ihluka kuphela ngemininingwane yokufaka imibala nendiza ekhethekile ngesikhathi samanje.
Owesilisa ukhuphuka ngqo phezulu, ahlala egatsheni elikhulu, athathe isikhundla sokuba ngumuntu kulo futhi ahlale lapho isikhashana. Lapho indiza, iyawa, indiza cishe ngamamitha angama-20 ngasikhathi sinye, amaphiko enza iziqhwaga ezimbili ezinomsindo, kanti elinye futhi ngesikhathi sokufika. Baphila isikhathi eside kunezinye izihlobo, cishe iminyaka eyi-12-13.
Izindawo zokuhlala zasendle zase-Asia
Owesifazane wasendle wase-Asia uhlala endaweni emnyama ye-coniffort taiga emithambekeni yezintaba ngesembozo se-rosemary noma se-moss. Le nyoni ikhetha kahle indawo enezintaba futhi empeleni ayiveli ethafeni. Kulokhu okunamathiselwe endaweni enezintaba enamadwala ne-talus, i-grouse yasendle ibizwa ngokuthi - i-grouse yamatshe, itshe.
Izinyoni zitholakala kuphela eziqongweni zezintaba, lapho ukhula nesihlwathi, kuxutshaniswe nodaka lomsedari, kwakha iziqu ezingafinyeleleki. Ehlobo, ama-broods akhulayo adla i-berry.
Ukuziphatha kokuhlangana
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, insikazi ifafaza ingubo emnyama engaphansi, ehlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezikhazimulayo. Umdanso wakhe wokuqhathanisa uqukethe ukugxuma kanye namabhande azungeze izembe ngama-degree angama-180 ukuya kwangama-300. Lapho ibona owesimame, owesilisa wamanje 'ulahlekelwa ikhanda' futhi akaboni ngokuphelele ingozi.
Ukudla kokudla kwasebusika kufaka izinaliti kuphela, futhi ehlobo - imbewu, amaqabunga ama-lingonberry namajikijolo.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-Asia boar yasendle
Owesifazane wasendle wase-Asia akesabi nhlobo indoda. Lapho isondela, izinyoni azisheshe zindize, kepha zithathe umhlalaphansi ngeenyawo, noma zindizela esihlahleni esiseduze. Bahlala futhi buthule lapho bedubula, futhi bekuvumela ukuthi uzibambe ngodonga olunamathiselwe induku ende.
Abesilisa baqhafaza njenge-capercaillie. Imisindo izwakala ngesigqi esiyingqayizivele: ",-ke-kuthi-ke, kuthi-nokuthi." Bese kulandela omunye umsindo, ohlukile ngokuhlukile, oguqula kancane futhi ofana nomoya ohewulayo wepayipi. Futhi futhi ngokuchofoza okukhulu.
Izwi le-Asia boar yasendle lifana kakhulu nokucula kwe-capercaillie.
Izilwane zasendle zase-Asia
Owesifazane uhlela isidleke endaweni eseceleni yehlathi le-fir-spruce ngaphansi kwesembozo sesihlahla sebhusha, izihlahla eziwile noma ngaphansi kwesiqu sesihlahla. Ukujula kwetreyi kungamasentimitha ayi-7, ububanzi betiyi buyi-17 cm.Ufakwe ngenaliti eyomile yomsedari. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ubukhulu bawo bungafinyelela ku-1.5 cm. Engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-7-12 ama-46x32 mm ngosayizi. Igobolondo linsundu liba nsundu elinamabala amancane ansundu amaningi.
Owesifazane wasendle uzifaka ngamandla, avumele umuntu futhi aze akuvumele uzithinte ngesandla sakho. Imikhaza izalwa ndawonye, imvamisa phakathi kukaJuni 25 noJulayi 5. Zikhula ngokushesha. Inyanga yokuqala ukufakwa kwengulube kugcinwa endaweni engaba amamitha ayi-100 ukusuka esidlekeni. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, insikazi ayithathi inyamazane, kepha ifihla amantshontsho ayo noma ihambe kancane iye eceleni. Eminyakeni engu-4 yezinsuku, amachaphaza asevele akhonkotha, eshaywa ngamaphiko, futhi ngezinsuku ezingama-7-8 ayakwazi ukundiza aye emagatsheni ezihlahla aphansi. Owesilisa, ngokusobala, akahlanganyeli ekukhuliseni inzalo. Ama-Wildgirls adla ngezinaliti ze-spruce, fir, amajikijolo.
I-clutch yama-grouse asendle izinombolo ezingama-7-16 amaqanda ansundu ngombala onsundu omnyama onomthunzi womnqumo, inyoni ewafukamela izinsuku ezingama-23-25.
Izinyoni zasendle ebusika
Kumakhaza amakhulu, izinyoni zasendle zingena eqhweni, zehlise isifuba nomsila wazo. Ngemuva kokufika, inyoni ihlala inyakaza futhi ibheka imizuzu eyi-6 kuya kweyi-17. Lapho-ke iqala iminyakazo kancane kancane eweni futhi ibambe umhubhe. Eqhweni, umfazi wasendle wakha ikamelo elingaba ngu-14 cm ukuphakama kanye nophahla olungamasentimitha ayi-6 futhi alale ubusuku, yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzu eyi-8. Ekuseni, owesifazane wasendle ushiya ikhamera, esehlole indawo ezungezile, kwathi emva kwalokho waqonda phezulu.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani lama-boar asendle ase-Asia
Njengamanje, ukulimala okuyinhloko kwe-grouse yasendle kubangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu. Ubhubhisa izindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni, usike izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu - i-spruce ne-fir. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezifunda ze-taiga, izingulube zasendle ngenxa yokuthinteka ziyanyamalala kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bazibulala ngokuqondile izinyoni, bazisebenzise njengokudla noma njengesithiyo ekuzingeleni izicupho. I-Asia grouse yasendle iyisisulu sabazingeli abahlukahlukene kaningi kunenye i-grouse.
Izilwane zasendle zinesithembu, kanti owesilisa wamanje angashada nanoma yimuphi umuntu wesifazane endaweni okuyo.
Ukuvikelwa Kwezilwane zasendle
Ama-boar asendle ase-Asia abhalwe ku-Red Book of the Russian Federation. Izinhlobo zivikelekile eFlorinsky, Sikhote-Alinsky, Zeysky, Komsomolsky, Poronaysky, Dzhugdzhursky reservation, futhi nasezindaweni zaseTundra naseNyakatho esiqhingini saseSakhalin. Iphumelele ngempumelelo kwi-Zoo yaseNovosibirsk. Izinhlobo zezinhlanga azihambelani kahle nabantu. Imizamo yokumzalela ezindizeni ayiphumelelanga. Kunento eyodwa engingayisho: ngokuzayo, ukuba khona kwe-asiaia yasar boar yasendle kungaqinisekiswa yinethiwekhi yama-reservation, ukuzalaniswa kwe-aviary kanye nesiko lemvelo labantu.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
I-Hazel grouse (Iqala i-bonasia)
Ukubukeka Bambalwa abangayazi le nyoni. Ijuba elincane, elikhudlwana. I-plumage i-brownish-brown, izinhlangothi zibomvu, emzimbeni wonke - iphethini elimnyama ngesimo sezimbambo. Kukhona i-crest ekhanda. Umbala womsila uyathandeka - umucu omnyama uzungezwe umhlophe. Owesilisa uhluke kowesifazane emgodleni omnyama.
Indlela yokuphila. I-Hazel grouse ehlala zonke izinhlobo zamahlathi - i-coniferous, deciduous futhi ixubekile. E-Russia, inyoni ejwayelekile, ehola impilo yokuhlala.
I-Monogamen, yakha i-pair futhi ngokuzayo igcinwa ndawonye kuphela. Amabhange asehlathini agqitshwe umhlanga, izigodi, izihlahlana ze-hazel nezinye izindawo ezinezindawo ezingaphansi kahle ezakhiwe kahle ayizindawo ezithandwayo zokwakha isidleke, ezihlala zitholakala emhlabathini. Lo ngumgodi ongashoni, embozwe ngokhuni oluvuthayo, isiqu noma isihlahla, lapho phakathi nenyanga kaMeyi kusuka amaqanda ayi-7 kuya kwayi-10, kuvela obomvu ophuzi, obambozwe ngemoto emnyama. Lapho owesifazana efikelwa, lapho-ke angasondela kuye futhi aze aqoqwe nje.
Naphezu kokuthambekela kwe-monogamy, i-hazel grouse namanje iyageleza. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli, lapho “omakhelwane besilisa” beqala ukugxuma besuka kwesinye isihlahla baye kwesinye, benze umsindo futhi bavuselane impi. Izwi le-grouse lifana nekhwela elide, elincanyana elingena ku-trill. Indiza kahle futhi ishesha, iyazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani emoyeni, ijwayele ukushaya amaphiko ayo, ikwazi “ukubhabha”.
Yize ihamba ngomsindo omkhulu, ihlala ethule kakhulu futhi ikakhulukazi esihlahleni. USilly ngakho-ke abazingeli bayengahlisa kalula ngama-titterers. Ehlobo, okuphakelayo kuqoqwa emhlabathini, kanti ebusika - ezihlahleni. Lezi yizimbewu, ama-buds kanye namahlumela ezitshalo, amajikijolo, ama-catkin e-birch noma i-alder, kanye nezinambuzane ezincane. Luhlobo oluyintengiso lwezentaka.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Kubukeka njengengulube yasendle, kwehluka ngombala weplamu kuphela.
Isikwele senkukhu. Umndeni womndeni. Hazel grouse.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-grouse yasendle
Ukubonakala kwe-grouse yasendle kufana kakhulu ne-grouse emnyama ne-hazel grouse. Ukuziphatha kwakhe kuyefana kakhulu nobuntu balezi zinyoni. Ungasho inyoni yasendle - lokhu kuyinto ephakathi kwegrey grouse emnyama ne-hazel grouse, i-grouse emnyama likhulu ngosayizi.
Uma ubheka izingulube zasendle, awunakusho ukuthi zinesisindo esingu-500-600 gr., I-plumage ebonakalayo iyenza ibe nkulu. Ubude bale nyoni bungamasentimitha angama-45. Noma i-boar yasendle inamaphiko amancane, lokhu akuvimbeli ekwakheni isivinini esihle sokundiza.
Esithombeni, inyoni yasendle ingowesifazane
Imilenze yakhe imbozwe nge-fluff, ebusika lokhu kuyayivimba ekuqandeni. I-Grouse ilula kancane kune umfazi wasendle. Ubuye abe nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokutholwa yi-motley ngokumelene nesizinda se-main plumage enkulu.
Kuyo ungabona obomvu, beige, ngombala obomvana, amabala. Izimpaphe ezimhlophe qhwa ziqasheka ikakhulukazi esicenyeni somsila namaphiko. Umehluko omhlophe nobumnyama unikeza owesifazane wasendle ubuhle obumangalisayo futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, uyawuvikela ezitheni.
Lo mbala uwenza ubonakale kalula phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla. Izinsikazi zinamachashazi amhlophe ngaphezulu, futhi ingemuva eliyinhloko le-plumage alilona isigaxa esimnyama esifana nesesiduna, kodwa esilula, esinepenti ebomvu.
Ubuningi bendawo yalezi zinyoni namuhla abusakazeki njengangesikhathi seSoviet. Inani labo elikhulu kakhulu libonwa ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, empumalanga yeTransbaikalia, eningizimu yeYakutia.
UDikusha uhlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini angenalutho. Okwakhe, indawo ekahle kuyizithunzi ezinemithunzi, ebonakala ukungasebenzi kahle, lapho kutholakala khona amathanga amade ama-lingonberry, ama-blueberries, ama-Cloudberry. Kubo, ikhava yobumba ekhethekayo, lapho kunenani elanele lama-moss obukhulu.
Inani lezinyoni zasendle kwaphawuleka ngokukhula kuma-90s eminyaka edlule. Inani elikhulu lezilwane ezisencane zathuthelwa ezindaweni eziningi zoos, isibonelo, eNovosibirsk Zoo futhi manje umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukwandisa inani lalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni. Ngeshwa, abazingeli abazingeli abaqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo, ukuzingela zasendle ukujeziswa ngumthetho.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yabesifazane basendle
Umuntu osindayo uthanda ukuhlala ngokuthula emagatsheni ezihlahla ukuze kungabikho muntu ambonayo. Le nyoni ayinamahloni, okuningi nokuzisola kwakhe. Yile nto eyaba nomthelela ekubhalisweni kwe-grouse yasendle kwi-Red Book.
Izinyoni zihola indlela yokuphila ehlukile, kuyaqabukela lapho ziduka. Ukungasebenzi kwabo kusiza ukungabonakali emagatsheni ezihlahla. Noma emagatsheni, ahlala nje ngamamitha ayi-2 ukusuka emhlabathini.
Musa ukundiza amabanga amade, khetha ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa. Ukuziphatha okungafani nabesifazane basendle ilele eqinisweni lokuthi, ngokwesaba, lapho umuntu etholakala eduzane, akahambi ngendiza, kodwa kunalokho indiza isondele futhi ibheke umuntu ngentshisekelo.
Kungakho izingulube zasendle - inyamazane elula yabazingeli, ngoba awudingi ukuchitha ama-cartridges kuwo. Kwanele ukubopha izintambo eziningi futhi uke uqoqe ngokuthula abantu ababanjwe emalungeni.
Noma enexhala eliyingozi kakhulu, inja yasendle ngeke imemeze, isabise wonke umuntu endaweni, kodwa ngokuzithoba izobukela okwenzekayo. Ukuziphatha kwasendle ngenxa yokuthi umbala wayo uvumela ukunganakwa phakathi kwamahlamvu ezihlahla isikhathi eside impela. Akanaso isineke kulokhu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku, ngoba umfazi wasendle uyathanda ukunikina ikhanda ngalesi sikhathi, uba nomdlandla ngokwengeziwe ngemuva kwesidlo sakusihlwa.
Yondla izingulube zasendle
Ukuba yinyoni yomndeni we-grouse, idla ngendlela efanayo i-grouse yasendle. Isabelo esiyinhloko semikhiqizo ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, owesifazane wasendle uthanda izinaliti, lokhu cishe kungama-70% wokudla kwakhe.
Lokhu kuthanda kumnika ithuba lokuba khona kokudla kahle unyaka wonke. Ngokushintshiwe, umkhosi we-grouse wasendle kuma-raspberries, ama-blueberries, namaqabunga ama-lingonberry. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni azizinaki izinambuzane ezinjengezimbungulu, izintuthwane.
Ukuze ukudla kudlule kahle kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokugaya, i-grouse yasendle idinga ukudla amatshe amancane. Lapho sifunda ukwakheka kwesisu sezinyoni eziningi ezibanjiwe, kwavela ukuthi amatshe amatshe enza i-30% yokuqanjwa kokudla okuphelele.
Intsha idla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, ngoba into ekhulayo yamachwane idinga inani elanele lokudla kwamaprotheni. Njengoba sebefinyelele esigabeni sokuthomba, ukunambitheka kwabo kuyashintsha, futhi bayashintsha batshala ukudla.
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa
Kwenziwa imizamo yokuzalela izinyoni ezithunjiwe. “Isibhedlela esikhethekile” sokwakhelwa lezi zivakashi esakhelwe lezi zivakashi eMospa Zoo, cishe nedolobha uqobo. Lapho kukodwa, ezimweni eziseduze nasendle, izinyoni nezilwane kungazala.
Kukhona indawo ngababili abaningana baseFar Easterners. Ngaphandle kweMoscow, ezinye izindawo ezisalela imvelo kanye nemvelo zibambe iqhaza ekuzalweni kwezinyoni ezingandile - uSikhote-Alinsky, Komsomolsky, Zeysky, Bureinsky, Dzhungursky, Paranaysky, kanye noTundra kanye noSeverny esiqhingini saseSakhalin.
Isibonelo, e-Novosibirsk Zoo le misebenzi yenziwe kusukela ngo-1986, futhi namachwane amaningi aye abiwa. Ngo-2008, lesi simo sasivumela ukukhipha abantu ababalelwa ku-100 endle njengokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni kuqhamuke inani elincane labantu esifundeni saseNovosibirsk.
Ukungasebenzi kwenyoni nokungabi nanhliziyo okuyivelakancane kuyenza ifiseleke njengendawo yokuhlobisa nezindawo ezithile zasekhaya zokuzijabulisa. Uhlangana kalula nabanye abahlali bezindiza. Isimo esiyinhloko okufanele sibhekwe ukudala indawo evikelekile lapho ingacasha khona.
Ngokufanelekile, le nyoni kufanele itshalwe ngababili, futhi kangcono esizeni esisehlathini elihlanganisiwe. Lapho-ke zingadala izimo ezifanayo nezojwayelekile. Ukungenela empilweni yesakhamuzi sase-taiga akufiseleki, into esemqoka lapha ukubheka nokuhlola ngezikhathi kwamagciwane kanye nesimo sezempilo. Ukudla kwabo kulula, kufanele kufakwe amanzi njengoba kunesidingo. Uma indawo ebiyelwe ibanzi ngokwanele futhi izihlahla zikhula lapho, izinyoni zizondla.
Izitha zemvelo
Isu lokuthi "ukucasha, lingacabangi," lavukela endle. Unezitha eziningi emvelweni, kepha ezinganakekile futhi indoda yambulala. Kunzima ngesilwane ukwenqabela ukulandela igogo elithobekile. Kepha umthetho uyenqabela umuntu ukuba amzingele. Kodwa-ke, kanjani ukulandela umkhondo wabantu ngaphandle kwenhliziyo ku-taiga yasendle?
Isitha esiyinhloko sokusinda kungabhekwa njengomuntu
Kwenzeka ukuthi inyoni ekhanyayo yayisisondele ekubhujisweni ngokuphelele, futhi ngaleso sikhathi umfazi wasendle encwadini ebomvu IRussia yathola imvume yokuhlala unomphela. Ngaphandle kwabazingeli, inqwaba yathinteka kakhulu ngemililo nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Kuyavela ukuthi ezindaweni zemvelo kuphela izinyoni ezingavikelekile ezingaphephile.
Ukubukeka Ngabe ubukeka kanjani owesimame?
Ngomzimba nangokuziphatha, ufana ne-hazel grouse, kepha ihluke ngayo ngobukhulu obukhulu, umbala omnyama kakhulu weplamu, kanye nokungabikho kokhanda ekhanda lakhe. Imetatarsus ye-boar yasendle iqondiswe ngokungenasici emilenzeni, kuyilapho i-hazel grouse ingamatshumi amabili kuphela.
Izimpaphe zezimpaphe, ikakhulukazi owesilisa osemdala, zinomzimba okrwele, mncane futhi ziqinile. Ubude benyoni bungamasentimitha angama-40, isisindo singama-g. Owesilisa uhluke kowesifazana emphemeni omnyama kakhulu, umbala omnyama wesilevu nomphimbo (kowesifazane babomvu).
Umbala wenkukhu ewele phansi uhlukaniswe ngokuphelele. Ngaphezulu, inombala onsundu okhanyayo obenombala othi “cap” onsundu emqheleni wekhanda, ophuzi ngaphansi.