Kusukela kusikhumbuzo, ijuba lokuthwala laliligugu kumuntu. Le nyoni isize ukudlulisa imiyalezo kubantu ababehlala ekuqaleni kwempucuko yasendulo - amaGibhithe, amaShayina namaGreek. Imilayezo eyethulwe ngeposi lejuba yashintsha imiphumela yemicimbi, izimpi, yaba nomthelela ekuphethelweni kwamadolobha. E-Europe ephakathi, intengo yomuntu owayephethe unembeya yayiqhathaniswa nezindleko zesithulu esinezinyoni zase-Arab. Namuhla, kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuvumela abantu ukuthi baxhumane buqamama, kepha uthando lwezinyoni ezidumile selugcinekile.
Endala kakhulu yamajuba
Akumangazi, uma ubheka umlando, ukuthi izinhlobo zamajuba ezithwala angenye yezindala. Bona kusuka ekujuleni kwamakhulu eminyaka baphatha izici zabo zofuzo. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, abafuyi bezilwanyane bathi izici zabo ezihlukile ngobukhulu obukhulu, isifuba esibanzi, intamo ende kanye nobukhulu obukhulu.
Abaposi ababenezinsimbi babeyizithwali zezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zomndeni wamajuba: okunamathiselwe endlini - i-dovecote nezimpawu zokundiza ezinhle kakhulu. Babuyela ezindongeni zabo zomdabu, banqoba amabanga amade - cishe ama-200 km ngesivinini esingama-60-80 km / h ngaphandle kokuphumula futhi bondla.
Kulezi zinsuku, abafuyi nabalimi bejuba lokuthwala balwela ukugcina izici zayo eziyisisekelo ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlobisa. Ubungako bezinyoni ezinjalo bulele ekuhlanganisweni kobuhle kanye nezimpawu ezindizayo zokhokho babo abahamba ngokukhazimula. Esihlokweni esithi "Izimiso zomsebenzi weposi lejuba" uzothola yonke imininingwane ngokuthi imilayezo yathunyelwa kanjani yizinyoni lapho abantu bebengayazi ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana.
Izithunywa ezinamaphiko ezidume kakhulu
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, amajuba othwala asephenduke amajuba ezemidlalo akwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha ayi-1000 ngosuku. Lezi zinyoni eziqinile, ezisheshayo neziqinile ziyiphupho labafuyi bezinyosi abaningi emhlabeni wonke. Abasubathi abanemikhumbi, okubandakanya nalabo abasuka eRussia, babamba iqhaza kwimibukiso, imincintiswano, ubuqhawe ngisho nasezingeni lomhlaba.
Manje kunezinhlobo eziyishumi zezinyoni zeposi (zemidlalo). Abasunguli babo bangongoti ababizwa ngamajuba ase-Antwerp naseLutih avela eBelgium. Okudume kakhulu kunemvelaphi enezinwele:
- IsiRussia
- IsiNgisi (isichitho),
- IsiJalimane
- Belgian
- IsiCzech
- Swiss
- WaseMelika (omkhulu).
1. Kwavela nini amajuba?
Amajuba aphila izinkulungwane zeminyaka eceleni kwabantu. Izithombe zokuqala kakhulu zamajuba zatholakala ngabavubukuli eMesopotamia (indawo ye-Iraq yanamuhla) futhi zisusela enkulungwaneni yesithathu kuye kwesihlanu BC.
Ukudilizwa kwamajuba kwenzeke phakathi kokuqalwa kwesondo ngabakwaSumeriya nokudalwa kwabaseGibhithe kwekhalenda lokuqala le-stellar.
AmaSumeriya ayengawokuqala ukuzala amajuba ekudingisweni. Lawa kwakungamuntu ngamapulangwe amhlophe. Imvamisa sibona inzalo yabo emadolobheni nemizana ixubene nabantu abampunga.
Ngalezo zinsuku, ijuba lalibhekwa njengenyoni engcwele. Wayekhulekelwa. Wayehlonishwa. Ubengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuhlelo lwenkolo lwonkulunkulu u-Enki, u-Ana, u-Inanna phakathi kwamaSumeri.
Kamuva, amajuba aqala ukusetshenziswa abaseGibhithe, abaseFenike, amaGrikhi asendulo, amaPheresiya ukuthumela imiyalezo nge-imeyili ohambweni olude nasohambo olwandle.
2. Yisho eBhayibhelini
Ukubhekiswa kokuqala kweBhayibheli ngamajuba:
Ngemuva kwesikhukhula, amanzi aqala ukuncipha futhi kwavela iziqongo zokuqala zezintaba zaseArarati. Ekuqaleni, uNowa wakhulula igwababa, kodwa akazange athole umhlaba waphindela emuva. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, uNowa wakhipha ijuba kaningana. Ijuba labuya amahlandla amabili. Futhi ngokwesibili baletha iqabunga lesihlahla sikawoyela. Okwesithathu ijuba lingabuyi - umhlaba womile ngokwanele futhi uNowa wakwazi ukuhamba esuka ogwini, eshiya uMkhumbi.
ITestamente Elidala, uGenesise, uZamcolo (UGenesise 7: 1 - 8:17)
UNowa. UMoseel e-Basilica di San Marco, eVenice.
UNowa ukhulula ijuba. I-Basilica yaseSan Marco, eVenice
Ijuba likhona naseTestamenteni eNtsha, njengoMoya oNgcwele. Ekubhabhadisweni kukaJesu, uMoya oNgcwele wehla ngesimo sejuba.
Lolu phawu lukaMoya oNgcwele ekujikeni kwejuba, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lwalusetshenziswa kakhulu kubuciko bobuKhristu - ukupenda, isithombe esibaziwe, izincwadi.
Konke lokhu kushiye ukuthambekela okuqinile ekuziphatheni kwabaseYurophu abanezimpande eziqinile zobuKristu. Imvamisa ungabona ukudliwa kwamajuba ezigcawini, tikwele nangaphandle ngaphandle.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zejuba elinezinkamba
Ijuba elinezidladla linobude bomzimba obungu-32-41 cm. Umsila ubude be-15 cm. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-250-350 amagremu. Intambo ngombala obanzi oluhlaza okotshani - indandatho emnyama ecwebezelayo enguhafu. Ikhanda, ibunzi - mpunga okhanyayo. Nape ngebala le-matte le-tint ebomvu ye-vin. I-Throat, isifuba ngezimpaphe i-pink emnyama. Ingaphezulu liphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, isisu sinombala ophuzi.
Ijuba Lentekenteke (Columba guinea).
Izimpaphe ezimbozayo zibomvu nge-tint nsundu, zingamabala amhlophe anxantathu. Izimpaphe zomsila ongaphezulu zimpunga ngemingcele emhlophe. Uqhwaku limpunga-mnyama, i-wax imhlophe. I-iris iphuzi. Isikhumba esizungeze amehlo singamawolintshi noma abomvu futhi sinezimpaphe. Imilenze imnyama pink. Umbala wezinqwaba zabesilisa nabesifazane ubukeka ngokufana.
Ijuba elincanyana elinamachashazi linombala ogqamile kumathoni ansundu kunezinyoni ezindala, azinaso isikhumba esibomvu emehlweni.
Ukusabalala kwejuba elisamabala
Ijuba elicikiwe livame ukwenzeka emazweni aseningizimu yeSahara e-Afrika, eSenegal, eGuinea, eCameroon, eChad, eNigeria, e-Angola, eSudan, eBenin. Ihlala emahlathini aseMozambiki, iBurundi, iBotswana, iBurkina Faso, iCameroon kanye neCentral African Republic.
Ijuba elinamachaphaza linezimpaphe ezinombala onsomi obomvu ngombala onamabala amhlophe angunxantathu.
Ijuba elinezidladla lihlala e-Ivory Coast, eCongo, e-Djibouti, e-Eritrea, e-Ethiopia, eGambia, naseGhana kanye naseSomalia, eSudan, eSwazini, naseZimbabwe. Le nhlobo ivamile eSouth Asia, yaphinde yethulwa naseHawaii, eCalifornia, e-Australia.
Ukuzalelwa kwejuba okuchazayo
Ejuba elinamachashaza, isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-Ephreli. Kepha inqwaba yezinyoni zizala ngoJulayi-Okthoba, lapho imbewu yezinhlamvu ezitshaliwe, okungukudla okuyinhloko kwejuba elinamabala, uvuthiwe.
Insimu ivikelwe yizinyoni zombili. Izidleke zamajuba ezinamabala ezihlahleni, zivame ezindaweni lapho zidla khona.
Ngokwemvelo, wakhe isidleke ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwamadwala, emigodini, emqheleni wezihlahla zesundu, ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu - imvamisa eziqongweni zezinsika emagazebus embozwe nakophahla oluphahla ngaphansi kophahla olujulile. Izinto zokwakha zingotshani namagatsha omile. Insikazi ibekela iqanda elilodwa noma amabili amhlophe.
I-Hatching ihlala izinsuku eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-16. Amakati ahamba esidlekeni ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25.
Ukudla amajuba amachaphaza kwenzeka kakhulu emhlabathini.
Ijuba elinezikhukhula phakathi kwabathandi eNtshonalanga Yurophu akuyona inyoni engandile. Lolu hlobo lwamajuba luqukethe ngababili. Izinyoni zinolaka olukhulu kakhulu futhi azihlangani nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ekuvaleni okufanayo.
Ukundiza kwejuba elimcabhile kuyashesha, kunesigqi, ukuhamba kwamaphiko kubukhali, ukukubukela kuyinjabulo yangempela yokuxhuma kweqiniso kwamajuba. Ekuthunjweni, amajuba amachaphaza azalela uma abalingani bekhethwa ochwepheshe. Ukwakha isidleke sezilwane ezifuywayo, kubekwa iziqu ezomile zezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous kanye namagatsha amancane. Esigcawini esisodongeni, baqinisa ingxenye ephindwe kabili, lapho izinyoni zakha khona isidleke sazo.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, udinga ukubheka ukuthi amathole ayozondla nini. Ngemuva kwalokho amajuba amancane adonswa kude nabazali bawo, ngoba ukuziphatha kwezinyoni ezindala kungalindeleki, inzalo ingafa.
Isikhathi sokubopha sithatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-15.
Ngokusobala, ukutholakala kwamajuba amachashazi, akhona endaweni yemvelo, kuyathinta. Amajuba ahamba ngezinyawo abekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi. Izinyoni zingaba amajuba zingagcinwa ngaphandle kokushisa izindiza. Kepha ungavumeli izinga lokushisa lehle ngaphansi kwama-degree ama-5.
Amajuba ahamba ngezinyawo awakubekezeleli ukungasebenzi kahle nezinhlaka. Ekudleni, amajuba amachashazi akathobekile.
Zingadliwa ngenhlanganisela yokusanhlamvu yawo wonke amajuba. Hlukanisa le ekudleni ngamantongomane, amajikijolo, ama-acorns, amantongomane, amakhambi aqoshiwe.
Inani lejuba elinezintambo
Isibalo somhlaba wonke samajuba asamachashazi sihlala sizinzile ngaphezu kobubanzi bawo. Ukusongela okubalulekile okubonisa ukuncipha kwamajuba amachashaza emvelweni akunqunywa. Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela u-Ctrl + Enter.
Imininingwane yomlando
Ukutholakala kokuqala kweposi yamajuba kungatholakala eBhayibhelini. ETestamenteni eliDala kuthiwa kwakunguNowa owakhipha ijuba ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi umhlaba ufanelekile impilo, futhi inyoni yabuyela kuyo ine-sprig yomnqumo.
ERoma naseGrisi lasendulo, ngosizo lwezinyoni badlulisa imiyalezo yezempi nolwazi olubalulekile embusweni.
Imeyili kaPigeon yasakazwa kabanzi eGibhithe ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNureddin, owayala ukuthi kwakhiwe imibhoshongo eminingi yeposi, ngaleyo ndlela kusungulwa ukuxhumana ezweni lonke.
Kamuva, i-pigeon mail yasebenza ukudlulisa izinhlamvu zothando nezindaba ezibalulekile.
Indima ebalulekile yadlalwa ngamajuba ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, ukuletha imiyalezo ephuthumayo phambili.
Inyoni iyazi kanjani ukuthi indiza kuphi?
Umbono wokuthi ijuba lomthwali ungathunyelwa noma kuphi emhlabeni futhi uzothumela umyalezo ekhelini unephutha. Eqinisweni, ukuphela kwendawo lapho amajuba ekwazi ukundiza ngokunembile esidlekeni sawo.
Lesi simo semvelo sabizwa nge- "homing." Ngisho nejuba elihanjiswe ebangeni elide libuyela ekhaya lakhe. Leli khono libangelwa ukuba khona kwama-receptors kazibuthe akhiwe ngaphezu komlomo. Ngosizo lwazo, ijuba lithola ukunyakaza okuphathelene nogesi okuhlukahluka kuwo wonke amaphuzu emhlabeni. Kakade iphupho elisanda kuzalwa lingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile amandla kazibuthe esidleke salo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajuba anenkumbulo enhle yezinyoni futhi agxilwe ngokuphelele emhlabathini, ukuze akwazi ukuthola ikhaya lawo ngokunembile.
Abaposi abahle baseRussia
Abamele lokhu kuzalwa muhle futhi kungathi inyoni. Bahlukaniswa yisibalo sabo esincane, isifuba esithuthukisiwe, imilenze eqinile. I-arc enhle eyakhiwe ngekhanda lejuba elibushelelezi futhi uqhwaku lubukwa kuphrofayili. Intamo iyaphakama, ibukeka imanzi. Amehlo e-postman enamaphiko aseRussia amnyama, abonakalayo, makhulu. Uqhwaku alubukhali, aluvezi, luyanda esisekelweni, luvaleka kahle.
Ngenxa yamaphiko ayo amade aqinile, icindezelwe emzimbeni, futhi iguqukela emsileni, kubukeka sengathi inyoni le isisondele ukundiza. Ijuba lezithwali laseRussia lihlukile ngombala: lingaba nombala owodwa futhi liqhathwe ngamagxolo, libe namabhande nangokufrasha okumhlophe emaphikweni. Okusemqoka kungaba obomvu, omhlophe, omnyama, ophuzi. Amapayipi awugqinsi futhi aminyene. Azikho izimpaphe ezinyaweni, iminwe ibomvu.
Phakathi kwezinyoni zaseRussia, amajuba ase-Ostankino avelele ngohlobo oluhlukile. Anombala omhlophe ngokwengeziwe, omhlophe ngombala nangamehlo amnyama.
Abaphumelele beqhamuka eBelgium
Ngokuzithoba ebuhleni babo, amajuba aleli lizwe aba ngamanxusa aphindaphindwe emhlabeni emincintiswaneni yamajuba emidlalo.
Ijuba lase-Belgian carriers linamakhono amahle kakhulu wokuhambisa kanye nezimpawu ezijubane elikhulu, okuzibeka ethubeni nabameli abahamba phambili bezokuzalela kweposi (ezemidlalo).
Futhi lokhu akumangazi - kwaba eBelgium lapho ukwakhiwa kohlobo lokuqala lwazo izithunywa ezinamehlo. Kakade ngo-1820, kwaba nomncintiswano owenzelwe ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-320.
Kukholelwa ukuthi abantu baseBelgian bawela amajuba ngezinsimbi zasolwandle ukuthola izimfanelo ezinhle ezindizayo.
Ngaphandle, zibukeka njengezinyoni zasendle. Zinesisindo somzimba esivamile (kufika ku-40 cm) nekhanda eliyindilinga nomsila omfishane. Umbala ulawulwa yimibala egqamile. Izimpiko ziyagqama. Lezi zinyoni zine-plumage ecwebezelayo.
Umsebenzi: uyaziqhenya futhi unamdlandla
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezinyoni zokuposa. Ngokwenye inguqulo, okhokho balesi sidumbu babe ngamakati amajuba asebenza njengezithunywa ("othwali" - "isithunywa, isithunywa") phakathi kwabaseGibhithe lasendulo namaPheresiya.
Lokhu okubizwa nge- "warts" ("walnut") - ukukhula kwesikhumba ezungeze uqhwaku futhi kwaba uphawu lwawo. Izindandatho ezibanzi (amashiya) azungeze amehlo nazo zidonsela ukunaka.
Isigcwagcwa sakhe sesimanje sezibiliboco, noma njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi "i-English bagdet," samukelwa emakhulukhulu eminyaka amathathu edlule eNgilandi. Le nyoni enkulu (kuze kube ngu-46 cm) ngethayela lokuziqhenya. Unentamo emincane, amaphiko amade acindezelwe ngokuqinile emzimbeni. Umsila umfishane futhi mude, cishe kuze kube semhlabathini. Imilenze, njengezinhlobo eziningi zeposi, zinde, azinawo amapayipi. Umbala wabaposeli abangamaNgisi umbala owodwa. Zitholakala ngombala omhlophe, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama, onsundu. Kukhona nemibala egqamile.
Lapho indiza, isikebhe sishesha ngokushesha kwayo.
Ifuzi lomlilo laseGerman
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX eJalimane bafuya izinhlobo zabo zezithunywa ezinamaphiko, zanqamula amajuba asuka eBelgium naseNgilandi. Ijuba lezithwali laseJalimane lakhonza njengezithunywa ngesikhathi sempi yezwe.
Cishe isigamu samakhulu eminyaka lokhu kuzalaniswa kwamahobhe sekuthuthukisiwe. Izinga lokugcina lakhula kwa-GDR esikhathini sangemva kwempi (1948). Inani elikhulu lezinyoni zaseJalimane zawela emkhakheni we-USSR, selithole uthando lwabazalisi abaningi.
Ijuba laseJalimane lalibongwa kakhulu ngobuhle balo bangaphandle. Futhi kuze kube namuhla, le nyoni igcine izimfanelo zokuhlobisa nezemidlalo. Unephrofayela echazwe kancane. Ngokomthethosisekelo wayo, ijuba laseJalimane lintofontofo, linesifuba esikhulu. Amaphiko aphuma kancane, umsila mncane futhi mfushane. Imilenze ayinalutho, iqinile.
Amapayipi anobushelelezi angahluka ngombala: mhlophe, mpunga, nsundu, ophuzi, ubomvu.
Ijuba laseCzech: lihle futhi lithembekile
ICzech Republic ingabizwa ngokuphepha njengenye yezikhungo zokuzalela amajuba e-Europe. Kwakungabafuyi bezinyosi baseCzech abasindisa amaqoqo aseRussia kulezi zinyoni ngemuva kwempi.
Futhi manje amaCzech enza okuningi ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kokuzalela amajuba okuhlobisa nezemidlalo. Izithunywa zaseCzech zihlanganyela njalo emiqhudelwaneni nemibukiso.
Zincane ngosayizi, zingabanikazi besibalo esime kahle, intamo ende, sinamehlo aqabulayo. Umsila umfushane, iplamu, njengomthetho, liphuzi, mhlophe, ansundu futhi luwolintshi. Zingaba umbala oqinile namabhande. Uqhwaku luncane ngokukhula okuncane.
I-Chekhov isetshenziswa kaningi kumabanga amafushane. Abatholanga ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi, kepha bayaziswa ngokuthembeka kwabo, intando engenakuphikwa yokuwina nokufunda.
3. Amajuba - umthombo udoti nokungcola noma umcebo wangempela?
Yize ijuba eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lithathwa njengengqinamba enkulu yabanikazi bezindlu nezakhamizi ngekhulu le-XXI, ngekhulu le-XVI, le-XVII kanye ne-XVIII eYurophu akubanga njalo.
Amajuba ngalesosikhathi ayengumthombo obalulekile. Zasetshenziswa njengabakhiqizi bomanyolo obaluleke kakhulu - osebenza kangcono kunomquba. Intengo yokudonswa kwejuba yayinkulu kangangokuba, ekungeneni kwamajuba, babeka onogada abahlomile ngamasela nakubaphangi!
AmaNgisi Musketeers, 17th Century
Kepha hhayi lokho kuphela. ENgilandi, ngekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-17, kwatholakala ukuthi i-saltpeter, isakhi esibalulekile se-gunpowder. Yini eyenze abenzi bayo - amajuba abe ngumkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu. Kutholakale izibhamu zabasebenza ngama-musketeers kanye nonogada wekhadinali.
E-Iran, lapho inyama yenjiwa yayingavunyelwe, ama-dovecotes adalwa futhi asetshenziswa njengomthombo womanyolo wezinsizi. EFrance nase-Italy, amajuba avota impova yemivini nezilimo ze-hemp.
Abaposi abanemisebenzi abavela eSwitzerland encane
AmaSwitzerland azithokozela ngempela izithunywa ezinamaphiko, zazigcina imeyile enezinwele. ESwitzerland, isikhumbuzo iqhawe lejuba.
Leli lizwe lathola amahhovisi alo eposi maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. USchütte wejuba laseSwitzerland lase-Eichbühl wahlukaniswa njengenyoni yeposi. Usosayensi wabona izimpawu zabo ezijwayelekile: ubukhulu, ukwakheka komlomo, amehlo nezindandatho ukubazungeza.
Isithunywa se-Aikhbühl sinomzimba omfishane futhi omude.Inekhanda elincane nelibushelelezi, elinomzimba omuhle, uqhwaku olufushane nolubanzi ngasisekelo, imilenze emifushane nenamehlo. Imibala yayo ihlukile - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, "ufulawa", ngemivimbo noma ngezihlakala, noma ngaphandle kwazo.
Enye inzalo ibizwa ngokuthiwa ijuba le-Swiss carriers. Umzimba wakhe uyindilinga kakhulu kunowomuntu akubo, intamo yakhe inamandla futhi ikhudlwana. Kungaba khona nezinyoni, ezingenamabhande futhi ezingenamabhande, ezinemibala ehlukene: mnyama, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mhlophe, ophuzi, isiliva, umphuzi-obomvu futhi obomvu.
Uma unentshisekelo yamajuba ethwala, uzophinda uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe esihlokweni esithi "Ezokuzalela Kwezemidlalo amajuba".
4. Amajuba - Amaqhawe Wempi
Amajuba asetshenziswa kabanzi ngesikhathi sempi. EMpini Yezwe I kanye neMpi Yezwe II, amajuba asindisa izimpilo zamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamasosha aseBrithani nawaseFrance ngokuthumela imiyalezo ngaphesheya kwezintambo. Ijuba lagcinwa emikhunjini edonswayo nemikhumbi yokuphelezela. Uma umkhumbi uhlaselwa umkhumbi wamasosha ayizitha, isithunywa esinamaphiko nabaxhumanisi bomkhumbi ocwilayo siqale phansi. Imvamisa lokhu bekuholela ekusindisweni kwabantu abaphukelwa umkhumbi.
EMpini Yezwe yokuQala, kwafakwa ama-mobile amajuba (amajuba azisebenzisayo) ngemuva kwemisele, izinyoni zazo zazivame ukundiza ngomlilo nangamagesi anobuthi ukuhambisa imininingwane ebalulekile.
I-dovecote yeselula ngaphambili, iMpi Yezwe I
Izinyoni ziphinde zabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekubuthweni kwezazi futhi zazisetshenziswa kabanzi ekudluliseleni imininingwane kusuka emuva kwesitha. Izinga labo lokusinda lalingu-10% kuphela!
Eminyakeni engama-30 nama-40s ye-XX century kwaba nokugxuma okubukhali kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana. Okokuqala, ekwakhiweni kwezihambisi zomsakazo eziphathwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinyoni kwehle kakhulu ekulethweni kwemilayezo. Noma kunjalo, izinyoni, njengangaphambili, zadlulisela imininingwane ebalulekile kuma-Allies mayelana nezindawo zaseJalimane iVau 1 neVau 2, eseNetherlands naseFrance, zindiza i-English Channel. Kwakuneminyaka 1942-1945.
I-Giant phakathi kwezithunywa ezinamaphiko
Kule nyoni emangalisayo, kubonakala sengathi, ekuqaleni nje, kwahlanganiswa izimfanelo ezingahambelani: osayizi abakhulu nesivinini. IMelika yindawo yokuzalela kwejuba lokuthwala elinamandla (libizwa nangokuthi i-gier enkulu). Kamuva, wayebathanda kakhulu amajuba-hungarians kangangokuba badala iklabhu elizimele.
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kuhlukaniswa kwangaphandle ngesibalo esinamasheya, isifuba esikhulile ngokomzimba, ukuhlehla emuva, nomlomo onamandla. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-850 g.
Kukhona abameleli be-monochrome ne-motley zalezi zinyoni. Umbala ungaba mnyama, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mhlophe, ubomvu, ube nsomi futhi uphuzi. Imvamisa ungabona amaplamu esiliva ngamabhande ansundu. Umbala uqhwaku olunemibala emnyama umnyama, kepha abanye abantu bangaba lula, okunconywe ngabazalanisi ngaphezulu. Umbala wamehlo - ikakhulukazi owolintshi noma onsundu.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko, ngicela usithande.
Uma ufisa, ungabelana ngesipiliyoni sokuzalela amajuba okuthwala, bhala imibono.
5. Ijuba - iposi
Inethiwekhi yakudala yokuqala yezokuxhumana isebenzisa amajuba njengama-postman yasungulwa eSyria nasePheresiya cishe ngekhulu lesi-5 B.C.E.
Kamuva kakhulu, ngekhulu le-12 AD, iBaghdad nawo wonke amadolobha amakhulu nezindawo zaseSyria naseGibithe bashintshana ngemiyalezo edluliselwa kuphela ngeposi lejuba. Kwakuwukuphela komthombo wokuxhumana!
ERoma lasendulo, ijuba lalisetshenziselwa ukwazisa ngemiphumela yemidlalo ngesikhathi semidlalo yama-Olimpiki. Kungakho amajuba amhlophe ekhishwa emcimbini wokuvula ama-Olimpiki kulezi zinsuku.
ENgilandi, kuze kube ukusungulwa kwetelegraph ngo-1837, amajuba ayevame ukusetshenziswa emidlalweni yebhola futhi akhishwe ekhaya ukuze adlulise imiphumela yomdlalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamajuba njengezicebi ngesikhathi sempi kwaholela ekutheni iningi labo linikezwe imiyalo yezempi nezindondo.
Into emangazayo kakhulu ukuthi insizakalo yokugcina yama-pigeon mail iyekile ukuba khona eNdiya ngonyaka we-2004!
Isitembu sesikhumbuzo saseNew Zealand sikhishwe ukuhlonipha ikhulu leminyaka lokusungulwa kwejuba mail 1897-1997
6. Ukubaluleka kwejuba ezinkolweni ezahlukahlukene
Amakholwa amaningi, kufaka phakathi amaKhristu, amaSulumane, amaHindu namaSikh, adlisa amajuba ngezizathu zenkolo.
AmaSikh amadala, ngokwesibonelo, ondla amajuba ukuhlonipha umpristi omkhulu neqhawe uGuru Gobind Singh, owayengumngane omkhulu wamajuba (ezifuywayo nezasendle). AmaSikh adla izinyoni ngoba akholelwa ukuthi lapho ziphinda zizalwe njengezinyoni, azisoze zalamba uma zigcina amajuba ezimpilweni zazo zangaphambili.
Amanye amahlelo enkolo eNdiya akholelwa ukuthi lapho umuntu efa, umphefumulo wakhe uthatha isimo senyoni (imvamisa ijuba), futhi ngenxa yalokho, bondla amajuba nezinye izinyoni, banakekela imiphefumulo yokhokho babo abafile.
Amajuba ahlonishwa eNdiya. Bahlala emaphaketheni amakhulu, afinyelela izinkulungwane eziningi zabantu, bedla nsuku zonke emathempelini amaHindu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya ezweni lonke.
Emiphakathini yasempumalanga neyasentshonalanga, izinkinga eziningi ezinzima ezihambisana namajuba ezindaweni zasemadolobheni zibangelwa, Yebo, kubandakanya nokudla amajuba ngamakholwa.
Enkolweni yobuKristu, ijuba liwuphawu lokuthula, ukholo kanye noMoya oNgcwele.
The Baptism of Christ, Andrea Verocchio noLeonardo Da Vinci, 1475
Ngabe kuyasebenza namuhla?
Imeyili yePigeon ayilahlekanga ngokuhambelana kulezi zinsuku. EYurophu, izinyoni zisetshenziselwa ukuletha imininingwane ebucayi. Kodwa manje hhayi izinhlamvu ziboshelwe ezinsikeni zazo, kodwa kuyi-microchip noma ku-flash drive. Lokhu kunika ukuzethemba ekuvikelekeni kwemininingwane edlulisiwe, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukufika kuyo kunokuthumela lapho usebenzisa i-Intanethi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajuba asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokukhangisa ukuletha izikhangiso noma ukukhuphula. Abantu abaningi abathandanayo bathumela izincwadi zothando ngosizo lwezinyoni.
Namuhla, ukuqeqeshwa kwejuba kwezemidlalo kuyathandwa. Kukhona wonke ama-Olimpiki lapho abanikazi bamajuba bancintisana ngamandla nasekubekezeleni kwezigceme zabo.
Ungafunda kabanzi ngokusetshenziswa komlando nokwamanje kweposi yamajuba uma ubuka ividiyo engezansi:
Isilobo sesiNgisi
Isisekelo salokhu kuzalanisa sivela emakhulwini eminyaka asendulo. Kukholakala ukuthi kwakungokhokho babo abathunyelwa ngeposi esifundeni se-Egypt ese-Egypt kanye neChina.
Ijuba lesiNgisi liyaziswa ngezimfanelo zazo ezinhle ezindizayo, ukushesha nokukhuthazela.
Izici eziyinhloko amajuba:
- Umthethosisekelo womzimba. Ijuba likhulu impela. Bangaba nokuphakama okufika ku-50 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banekhanda elincane nelicocekile.
- Amehlo. Sibonga ngokumangazayo izinkophe ezichazwe ngokukhanyayo.
- Izimpiko. Isikhathi eside. Kusondelene nomzimba.
- Umlomo. Amafutha. Kuyo kukhona ukukhula okufana namarantshi. Yilesi sici esihlukanisa amajuba esiNgisi kwezinye izinhlobo.
- Umsila. Ukhathazekile. Cishe ifinyelela emhlabathini.
- I-Plumage. I-Hard, ikakhulu i-monochrome. Izinyoni zingaba nombala omhlophe, omnyama, onsundu.
Okuthandwa kakhulu nguCarrier (isiNgisi "isithunywa").
I-Belgian (i-Antwerp, iBrussels, iLuttih, njll.)
Babelethwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ngokuwela izinhlobo eziningana zamakhoba.
Ukuzalela kubhekwa kakhulu njengoba izinyoni zinamakhono amahle kakhulu wokwenza indawo futhi ziyakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade kakhulu.
Yiziphi ezinye izici abazalisayo abanazo:
- Umthethosisekelo womzimba. Izinyoni ziphakathi ngosayizi futhi zingakhula zibe ngama-40 cm. Zinezimo zomzimba eziyindilinga. Isifuba ebanzi, esakhiwe kahle.
- Amehlo. Umbala omnyama. Kucaciswe ngamehlo amashiya.
- Ikhanda. Incane, iyindilinga ngokukhula kuqhwaku.
- Umsila. Mude futhi mncane.
- I-Plumage. Shiny futhi silky. Umbala ungahluka - kusuka ekukhanyeni kuye ebumnyameni.
- Izimpiko. Hlala uqinile emzimbeni. Banezimpaphe ezitshalile.
Kukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi amajuba aseBelgian athola izimfanelo ezinhle ezindizayo ngenxa yokugoqana nokwakhiwa kwezinyoni zasolwandle.
Ijuba leposi (lombukiso) laseJalimane
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwenziwa ngenxa yokuwela amajuba aseBrithani naseBelgian. Abafuyi bafuna ukuthola uhlobo oluqinile futhi oluhle olunezimpawu ezindizayo ezinhle kakhulu.
Yize imizamo yakuqala ayiphumelelanga futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uthole umbono kuphela obalulekile ukusuka endaweni yokubuka ubuhle, namuhla amajuba aseJalimane athathwa kakhulu njengohlobo lokuzalela.
Izici zabo zimi ngokulandelayo:
- Umthethosisekelo womzimba. Amajuba anesifuba esibanzi kahle. Banamandla futhi banesitoko.
- Izimpiko. Ilungele umzimba, ukubambana okuncane kuya phambili.
- Ntamo. Isikhathi eside kakhulu. Nekhanda elincane.
- Umlomo. Kufinyiwe.
- Umbala. Ungahluka. Kukhona amajuba ansundu, amhlophe, ansundu imibala.
- Ubukhulu. Izinyoni ezincane kakhulu.
- Umsila. Kufinyeziwe.
Ijuba lomthwali laseRussia
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo lokuzalwa zinephrofayili enhle enhle enekhanda eliyindilinga. Bahle futhi banomusa.
Phakathi kwezimpawu eziphambili zalokhu kuzalanisa:
- Izimpiko. Inamandla. Icindezelwe eduze komzimba wenyoni. Banemigoqo emikhawulweni.
- Imilenze. Umumo odlulile. Unamandla ngokwanele. Akukho zinsiba kuzo.
- Umbala. Mhlophe kakhulu. Kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinamabala amahle.
- Umlomo. I-Convex. Esisekelweni siyanda.
- Amehlo. Banombala we-iris obomvu kakhulu.
Abamele izinhlobo ze-Ostankino baziswa kakhulu. Zingahlukaniswa ngombala omnyama wamehlo.
IsiCzech
Izinhlobo zase-Czech zisetshenziselwa izinhloso zeposi lapho udinga ukundiza amabanga amafushane.
Ijuba laseCzech lithembeke kakhulu futhi kulula ukuliqeqesha.
Yini enye lezi zinyoni ezibaluleke ngayo:
- Umthethosisekelo womzimba. Amajuba mancane ngosayizi, kepha kakhulu ngokubukeka.
- Umlomo. Encane. Inokukhula okuthambile ezansi.
- Amehlo. Kukhulu, kuyabonakala. Kakhulu mnyama.
- Umsila. Kafushane, ububanzi.
- Ntamo. Ukhathazekile.
- Izimpiko. Hlala uqinile emzimbeni.
- I-Plumage. Smooth. Umbala ungakhanya noma ube nsundu.
Dragons
Lokhu kuzalanisa kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kusetshenzelwa kweposi ekuqaleni kunabanye. Konke kumayelana nomsebenzi wamajuba nokuzilungiselela okuhle esikhaleni.
Inani le-Dragons nalo libangelwa ukuzithoba kwabo kokuqukethwe.
- Umthethosisekelo womzimba. Ubukhulu. Nekhanda elincane. I-Cheed iyindilinga.
- Amehlo. Ezinkulu. Anombala obomvu-owolintshi we-iris.
- Umlomo. Isikhathi eside. Ivala ngci.
- Ntamo. Usayizi oPhakathi Isongelwe eduze kwekhanda.
- Izimpiko. Unamandla, unamandla, mude.
- Umsila. Kude, kwehliselwe phansi.
- I-Plumage. Umbala umnyama kakhulu.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ngokuqondene nemibandela yokugcina amajuba, udinga ukukhumbula le mithetho:
- Isimo sokudla okunempilo. Ijuba elilodwa lidinga ama-400 g wokudla izinsuku ezingama-7. Uma ukuqeqeshwa kukhulu, khona-ke okujwayelekile kukhuphukela ku-800 g.
- Imvamisa yokondliwa. Udinga ukondla izinyoni amahlandla ama-3 ngosuku.
- Isikhathi sokondliwa. Kungcono ukunikeza ukudla ngokushesha nje kokusa, emva kwasemini nangaphambi kokushona kwelanga.
- Ukudla. Ungawondla amajuba ngethanga eliphuzi, udali, i-vetch. Faka lime noma usawoti omncane ku-feed. Ngokushintshiwe, ungangeza imbewu yefilakisi, amazambane, i-oats. Amanzi kufanele aguqulwe nsuku zonke.
- Izimo zokuphila. Izindlu zePigeon lapho kugcinwa khona izinyoni kumele zome, zihlanzekile futhi zivikeleke emoyeni. Ungakwazi ukuhlomisa igumbi egumbini elisophahleni lwendlu. Kubalulekile ukuthi amajuba akwazi ukundiza ngokukhululeka aphindele esidlekeni.
Ukuziqeqesha
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amajuba njengezisebenzi zeposi, kufanele adlule esigabeni sokuqeqeshwa ngokugcwele.
Kungcono ukuqala ukuqeqesha amajuba kusukela eminyakeni engamaviki ayisithupha.
Imisebenzi elandelayo iyenziwa:
- Hlola izindiza. Akhiwa azungeze i-dovecote lapho kuhlala khona inyoni. Inkambo ihlala izinyanga eziyi-1.5.
- Izindiza ezinobubanzi obufushane. Ijuba lithathwa lisuswe endlini ngemikhawulo emincane bese likhishwa ukuze libuyele esidlekeni salo. Ibanga landa kancane kancane lapho umphumela wendiza ngayinye uhleliwe.
Musa ukufinyeza ibanga, lokhu kungathinta kabi inqubo yokufunda.
Ebumnyameni, ungathatha amajuba ngezandla zakho.
Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwamajuba okuthwala ngeke kube yinto ethokozisayo nemidlalo kuphela, kodwa futhi kube yibhizinisi. Lokhu kudinga isikhathi esiningi nokubekezela ekuqeqesheni inyoni. Udinga ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lokuzala, isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, ucabange ngokuthuthuka komzimba. Le ukuphela kwendlela yokukhulisa ijuba lokuthwala eliqeqeshwe ngokuphelele.
7. amajuba adumile
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, ijuba okuthiwa nguCher Ami (uCher Ami - Umngane Omnandi) lasindisa izimpilo zamakhulu amasosha aseFrance ngokuthumela imiyalezo ngaphesheya komugqa oshisayo empini. Ngesinye isikhathi, uCher Ami walimala esifubeni nasemlenzeni. Njengoba alahlekelwe kakhulu umlenze obekunamathiselwe kuwo umyalezo, waqhubeka nendiza eyathatha imizuzu engama-25, wagwema izikhala kanye negesi enobuthi ukuletha incwadi ekhaya. UCher Amy wanikezwa indondo yaseFrance i- “Croix de Guerre” ngomsebenzi weqhawe.
G.I. UJoe, iqhawe leMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba nomvuzo wakhe
Elinye ijuba elinesibindi okuthiwa uG.I. UJoe (G.I. Joe) wazihlukanisa eMpini Yezwe II, wasindisa izimpilo zabaphikisi e-Italy. Kwakunjalo.
Elinye idolobha lase-Italy lakhululwa ngokushesha yiBritish. Umyalo awukwazanga lokhu futhi wahlela ukwenza isiteleka somoya ngaphambi kokugqekeza phansi. Imishini yezokuxhumana icishiwe, futhi ukuphela kwendlela yokukhansela lo mbhikisho kwakuyi-imeyile mail. Umlayezo ubhalwe ngokushesha futhi wathunyelwa noG.I. UJoe aqonde endlunkulu ye-Allies. UJoe wandiza amakhilomitha angama-20 ngemizuzu engama-20, wafinyelela kwisisekelo somoya lapho indiza iqeda ukwenza itekisi nokulungela ukuhamba.
Ukuqhuma kwamabhomu kwamiswa nje imizuzu engu-5 ngaphambi kokusuka. Isosha lejuba laseMelika uJoe lithole indondo kaDickin ngesibindi nangecebo lakhe.