Umsuka
Umsuka ngqo wezikhukukazi zeGaloshenny awaziwa. Kodwa-ke, izakhi zofuzo zibeka phambili izinguqulo eziningana:
- Ngokuwela ukulwa nama-kulhhun nezinye izinyoni ezingaziwa,
- Umugqa ususelwa ezinkukhu zaseMalay kokhinkhins.
Baqale bekhulunywa ngabo eVienna ngonyaka we-1875. Futhi ngo-1930, izinyoni zazisakazekile e-USSR, eHungary, eRomania nase-Austria.
Ngo-1905, lo mjaho waqashelwa ngokomthetho njengezinhlobonhlobo ezincane. Okhokho babo baba yi-galosheyny ejwayelekile, eyayiwela ne-Germany bendamkami. Ulayini awuzange ubhebhetheke, wawunikwa kuphela ngezinjongo zokubukisa.
I-Rooster of the Holosheynoy bentami close-up.
Ukukhiqiza izinkukhu
Lezi yizinyoni eziqinile, ezilinganiselayo ezinomzimba wamaqhuqhuva. Isici esahlukile yintamo engenalutho kanye ne-goiter, ehlukaniswe ngendandatho yezimpaphe ezi-fluffy. Umbala wesikhumba entanyeni ubomvu ngokugqamile.
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, uhlobo lwezinkukhu zaseGolosheyny lolohlobo olukhula ngokushesha, londliwa kahle. Inyama inokunambitheka okuhle. Isidumbu sihlukaniswa oshisekela inyama.
Zolile impela futhi azinamahloni, zikwazi ukubekezelela ukubanda kanye nesithwathwa kahle (bheka isithombe ngezansi). Izinsikazi ezindala ziyizindlwana ezinhle zomama. Izinkukhu zihlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela, zimbozwe kuqala ngezimpaphe. Intsha iqala i-oviposition ineminyaka engaba ngu-5.5 izinyanga. Amaqanda anezimfanelo ezinhle zokubopha.
Ngokuphaka okufanele, isisindo seqhude sifinyelela ku-3 kg, inkukhu ithola isisindo esifinyelela ku-2,5 kg.
Izinkukhu zeGalosh zithwala amaqanda afinyelela kuma-180 ngonyaka wokuqala wokugcina, anciphisa inani lamaqanda aya ku-150. ngonyaka wesibili wokutshala. Amaqanda anombala omhlophe, ovame kakhulu ukhilimu, igobolondo. Isisindo seqanda elilodwa ngamagremu angama-55.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi: Izinkukhu zaseGaloshenny zigijimela ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu esibandayo, kunciphisa umkhiqizo wazo. Ngokuphaka kahle, isisindo seqanda elilodwa lifinyelela ku-70 amagremu.
Ukubukeka
Izinkukhu zaseGaloshenny ziza ngemibala eminingana:
- umphako,
- oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onomngcele
- bomvu
- hawjik
- mnyama ngamabala amhlophe.
I-crest, ngokusho kwencazelo yohlobo, kufanele ibomvu, incane ngosayizi, kodwa ilingana kancane noqhwaku. Amazinyo ku-crest ahlanganiswa ngokushelela. Abanye abameleli bane-pink crest. Amacici endlebe namacici abomvu, abonakala kancane.
Umbala wamehlo uncike ku-plumage. Ama-rozi amakhulu amnyama ahlukaniswa amagesi abomvu amnyama. Isici esiyingqayizivele sama-roosters yintamo ye-neoplastic yesimo esigoqiwe ngendlela kaS.S Umbala wesikhumba ubomvu.
Imilenze yenyoni iqinile. Izimpaphe zikhula ngemivimbo, kepha zimboze ngokuphelele imilenze engezansi, akufanele kube khona amabala aphansi. Isici esithile sez he hese zomlomo wesibeletho yindawo engahlukanisiwe engaphakathi komlenze ongezansi ngendlela kanxantathu.
Okushiwo nge-pembrake
- Umbala ophuzi wesikhumba ngaphansi kweplamu.
- Ukungabikho kukanxantathu osemusha ngaphakathi emlenzeni ophansi.
- Amehlo amnyama ne-goiter engenalutho kakhulu.
- Ipeni elimhlophe elinombala. Vumela kuphela umbala ophuzi wepeni ezinganeni.
- Umbala ophuzi wezimpaphe, izinduku zokufiphala nezimpaphe.
- Ukuba khona kwenamba enkulu yezimpaphe ezimnyama ku-plumage yomzimba ophezulu.
- Umbala omnyama ocwengekile, onombala oluhlaza okotshani.
- Izimpaphe ezinamaphiko emzimbeni womnyoni.
Ukuvalwa kwenkukhu yase-Nightingale (isithombe sanda ngokuchofoza).
Ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi bezinkukhu ngamabomu bethi ama-Galoshenny hens akhula kahle ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, kepha futhi abekezelela kalula izinsuku ezibandayo zobusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, igazi ligijimela entanyeni, eliwuvimbela ekuqandeni. Ngenxa yalesi sici, kungenzeka ukukhulula izinkukhu ngokuhamba ngisho nasebusika.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe egumbini lapho kugcinwa khona izinkukhu. Kufanele ifudumale umoya omncane. Ukushisa endlini akufanele kwehle ngaphansi kwama-0 degrees. I-optimum ibhekwa njengokushintshashintsha kwezinkomba kusuka ku- +5 kuya ku- +15 degrees.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa endlini kwehla, lapho inyoni idla kakhulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kubuyiswe kabusha amandla kagesi. Ngakho-ke ukugcinwa kwamaqhubu ebusika ngaphandle kokushisa okungeziwe kwegumbi kuyabiza impela.
Ngokuphikisana nokubukeka, amaGalosheyks azizwa emkhulu ngaphandle ebusika.
Kuyadingeka ukukhipha inyoni ukuphuma ebusika uma izinga lokushisa lingazange lehle ngaphansi kuka-15 degrees. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, inani nobude bokuhamba kudinga ukwehliswa.
Ividiyo emifushane yezinswane zeGaloshenny hens ikuvumela ukuba wenze isithombe esiphelele sazo:
Ukondla
Izinkukhu zeGaloshenny zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezingenakubekelwa phansi, ukuzondla okungazibangeli inkathazo enkulu. Abalimi abanenkukhu abanokuhlangenwe nakho basebenzisa izikimu eziningana zokondla izinkukhu.
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabalimi, izinkukhu zezinkukhu ze-galoshih zikhula kahle ekudleni kwe-broiler izinyanga ezingafika kwezi-4. Ngemuva kwalokho zidluliselwa kuxutshwe namanzi, okubandakanya ukuxubana okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe: ummbila, ukolweni, i-oats, ibhali, uphizi. Ekudleni kwenkukhu yenhlanzi imfucuza kumele ibe khona ngesamba sika-5-7% sesisindo esiphelele sokusanhlamvu ne-husk yelanga.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala, izinkukhu ziphekelwa okusanhlamvu okugayiwe, kufakwe amaqanda abilisiwe kukho. Ukusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5 ubudala, imifino, izaqathi, amazambane abilisiwe nama-beet kungeniswa ekudleni kwezilwane ezisencane. Ezinyangeni ezimbili, ummbila wengezwa kubaxube, ovimbela ukukhuluphala kwesitoko kanye namafutha enhlanzi. Izinkukhu zabantu abadala kufanele zithole imvubelo yokudla, imifino, imikhiqizo yobisi namagobolondo agayiwe, okubuyisa i-calcium emzimbeni futhi kusize ukuvikela ukungabibikho kokudla.
Akunandaba nokudla, okuphakelayo kufanele kunikezwe njalo emahoreni amabili. Konke ukudla okungakaqedwa kufanele kususwe ku-brooder, geza ngokuphelele ama-feeders, okuzosiza ukugcina impilo yamantshontsho.
Izinkukhu zaseGaloshenny zikhula kahle lapho kukhona igceke lokuhamba, lezi yizinyoni zokuqukethwe okungewona amaselula, zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Ekuhambeni amaphuphu athole yonke imifino eluhlaza edingekayo, ehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube zokusanhlamvu. Amanzi kufanele abe khona ngaso sonke isikhathi enyangeni.
Isilinganiso sokubekwa kufanele siqukethe okusanhlamvu nemifino okuhlume, okuzohlinzeka inyoni ngamavithamini namaminerali anele. Izikhukhukazi ezibeka abantu abadala kufanele zithole ukudla kabili ngosuku. Ukuzondla kokuqala kungenziwa nge-mash emanzi, kanti okwesibili kube nokudla okuhlanganisiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuphakelayo: I-130 amagremu okuphakelwa ngosuku kwenkukhu eyodwa endala enesisindo esingu-2 kg. Ngokukhuphuka kwesisindo kuwo wonke amagremu angama-250, engeza kuze kufike kumagremu okusanhlamvu ayi-10.
Umhlambi wezindawo zamahhala ezivela epulazini "LPH Moroshkino", esifundeni iSmolensk, der. IVinnitsa.
Umlando kancane
Izwe lezinkukhu ze-goloshoynih alaziwa ngokuthe ngqo (imvamisa kucatshangwa ukuthi yiSpain), kepha beza eRussia besuka eHungary naseRomania eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu eyedlule, ngakho-ke babejwayele ukubiza inzalo iTransylvanian. Kunezinguqulo eziningana zemvelaphi yama-maqhubu - ngokusho kwenye yazo, izinyoni zabonakala ngenxa yokuwela ama-hens okulwa e-India nezinye izinhlobo. Enye inguqulo ithi "ubunqunu" ezinkukhu ziyindlela yezakhi zofuzo ezingandile ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Noma ngabe kunjani, abamele balolu hlobo badlangile kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu (e-Austria, Moldova), babuye batholakala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussian Federation.
Ukufuya inkukhu
Ukusatshalaliswa
Embukisweni wezinkukhu waseVienna, kwethulwa ama-cocks heks ngo-1875, ngemuva kwalokho abafuyi baseYurophu nase-USSR baqala ukuzala.
Abafuyi baseFrance baqhubeka nokwenza ngcono izimfanelo zofuzo zokubeka izinkukhu ngentamo engenalutho, kepha imfuyo eyalandela yayingafani nezinkukhu zaseTransylvanian.
Uhlobo lwezinselo luyadingeka e-Austria naseJalimane, aluvamisile ukutholakala ngobukhulu bezwe lethu, futhi abalimi base-US bakhetha ezinye izinkukhu.
Incazelo
Ukuntuleka kweplamu kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wezinkukhu ze-cockshell kuchazwa yizici zofuzo - izithonjana zezimpaphe ezingaphansi. Izinkukhu ezibanjiwe sezivele zinentamo engenalutho, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhumba esikuyo siba sikhuni, sibomvu futhi sinwebekile. Ngemuva kwekhanda lezinyoni, kwakhiwa indawo encane enamakhanda efana nesigqoko, futhi phambi kwentamo kwakhiwa into efana nomnsalo noma ikhola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkukhu ezinjalo azinawo amapayipi ngaphansi kwamaphiko nangaphakathi kwemilenze yazo.
Ukuzalelwa kwezinkukhu
Ukunakwa: uhlobo olusetshenziselwa ingaphandle langempela lama-nymphs luyinto enkulu - ngamanye amagama, lapho izinyoni zalolu hlobo lwebele zidlulelwa nezinye izinkukhu, nazo ziba nentamo enqunu.
Umbala wezinkukhu ze-golosheynnyh ungaba yisiphi - esimnyama nesinsundu esinama-splashes amancane, noma i-motley futhi siqhakazile. Zingcweti impela, umzimba unamandla, unesicubu semisipha, esikhulu, amaphiko awanamatheli ngokuphelele emzimbeni futhi ancishisiwe kancane phansi. Ezinye izici zifaka ikhanda elincane elibanzi, Amehlo abomvu aphuzi, i-crest namacici abomvu noma abomvu, umlomo ongahleki omile onomthunzi ophuzi noma omnyama. Imilenze imfishane kodwa inemisipha enezinzwane ezine.
Inkukhu enamaphiko amhlophe
Ngaphezu kwentamo engenalutho, kunezimpawu eziningi ezihlukanisa lolu hlobo lwezinyoni kwezinye. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni zobusuku bebusuku akufanele zibe namehlo amnyama, amacici amhlophe kanye namachashazi aphuzi ezindaweni ezingenamanzi, anombala omhlophe omhlophe noma omsulwa omsulwa. Izimpawu ezifanayo zingakhombisa umshado wesizwe noma ukuzalwa.
Izinkukhu zinomuntu ozolile nonokuthula - aziqali ukulwa futhi zihlangana kahle nazo zonke izakhamizi ezisegcekeni le nyoni. Izici zesimo futhi zifaka ukukhathazeka okukhulayo kanye nokuthuthumela kwezendlalelo. Kepha ama-roosters angaba nolaka impela, futhi ahlasele hhayi abanye abesilisa kuphela, kodwa futhi nakubanikazi bawo.
Inkukhu kaJackpot neqhude
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo zezinkukhu zakwaTransylvanian zivezwa ngemibala eminingana.
Umbala omnyama wensiba nge-inclusions emhlophe ujwayelekile emapulazini aseRussia, echaza insumansumane yokuhlangana komndeni ngama-turkeys anenqwaba efanayo.
Izinkukhu ze-Partridge zohlobo lwamaqhude ziyahluka ngombala obomvana obomvana, kuyafana nasezikhukheni nasezindlini.
I-plumage ebomvu ifana ne-parridge, kepha ngesikhunta esibomvu noma se-zethusi esinezimpaphe.
Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onomngcele - ungqimba lumbozwe izimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinezimbali eziqhakazayo, ngalinye lizungezwe umngcele omnyama. I-plumage ibukeka emangalisa ngokungafani nentamo ebomvu engenalutho.
Umbala we-Hawk - izimpaphe zekhokholethi ezikhanyayo ezithambekele kwimibala emnyama eduze komsila kanye nomhlane.
Izimpaphe ezimhlophe - umzimba wezinkukhu umbozwe ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe.
Izinhlobo ezinemibala yezinsikazi zohlobo lwe-galosh zohlobo oluhle zinezimpande egcekeni, akukho ukuhlangana phakathi kombala wepeni nokukhiqiza.
IGalosheyk ngaphambi kokungena kokukhiqizwa kweqanda, iyaguquguquka ngokwemvelo, ayifanga ngokudla okungenakulinganiswa.
I-Naked Gene
Ngokusho kwencazelo, izinkukhu zohlobo lwe-cockshell ziyefana namabamba ngenxa yentambo ebomvu eshwabeneyo engenazo izimpaphe. Ngaphandle kwentamo, izindawo ezingaphansi kwamaphiko naku-goiter zihlala zingenalutho, futhi kukhona nendawo engenalutho ngaphansi kwemilenze.
Noma yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo zezihlakala zibonakala zichitheka noma zinesifo, kodwa empeleni amabala asempandla emzimbeni ayisici esahlukile sohlobo.
Ezindaweni ezingadalulwanga ezibizwa nge-aptheria zingama-follicles ezinwele ezingathuthukisiwe. Ukubekwa kwesibonakaliso esivelele se-aptheria kwenzeka esikhathini sokuzala.
Isici esifanayo senkukhu sichazwe ku-athikili "ISpain Galosheki: Ukuchazwa Kwezinkukhu Zenkukhu".
Ukubukeka
Izici ezingaphandle kwez he hese zomlomo wesibeletho: isilinda esimaphakathi somzimba ophansi, izicubu ezivelele zesisu kanye nesisu, ukuqina okubuthakathaka kwamaphiko avela emzimbeni. Ikhanda elincane, amehlo abomvu. Imilenze enamandla yokuphakama okuphakathi.
Intamo ayide, kepha ngenxa yokuqina kubonakala sengathi iyaphakama. I-crest itholakala esifundeni se-occipital, futhi isixha sezimpaphe esisesimweni somnsalo siphambi kwentamo. Umsila othuthukile uyaphakanyiswa.
Uhlobo oluvulekile lwezinkukhu luhlukaniswa ngamapayipu endle, echaza kalula ukukhipha isidumbu. Uma uqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo zezimpaphe ezingaphansi kwengxenye.
Izinzuzo nobubi bohlobo oluvulekile
Abalimi abaningi babheka intamo engenalutho yabamele lolu hlobo lokuzalela cishe mubi, kodwa empeleni lesi sici somzimba sinezinzuzo eziningi.
- Ama-cocks awasengozini yokutheleleka ngamagciwane, futhi inqubo yawo yokuncibilikisa ishesha kakhulu.
- Ukuncwina izinkukhu kulula kakhulu, kanti nesidumbu esitshiwe sibukeka kakhulu.
- I-goiter engenalutho ivumela umfuyi wezinkukhu ukulawula izinga lokugcwala kwezinyoni.
- Cishe akunakwenzeka ukulahlekelwa abamele lokhu kuzala - ngenxa yangaphandle yangempela, bangahlukaniswa kalula izinyoni ezingomakhelwane.
Izinkukhu zeGaloshenny zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo
Konke lokhu okungenhla kungabalwa emvelweni ozolile, ukunambitheka kwenyama okuhle kakhulu kanye nokunakekelwa kalula. Okubi kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuphansi nokubonakala okungajwayelekile - akubona bonke abalimi abafuna ukuzalanisa ama-nappies.
Izithombe ze-cocksair hens
Imisebezi ejwayelekile
Baqapha ukugcinwa kwaleli zinga, uma kungenjalo ukuwohloka kwezinkukhu zohlobo lwezinkukhu kuzoqala.
Uma isikhumba siphuzi sibonakala ngaphansi kwesembozo se-feather, inyoni ingaphansi kokucoleka. Ukuphambuka kuphela kusuka emthethweni ukukhula okuncane. Kuhle ukulinda ukuthi izinyoni zivuthwe ukuze zigweme amaphutha.
I-Hens enesiphene esilandelayo inganqatshwa:
- akukho manani emilenzeni,
- isikhumba esimnyama sobuso namehlo,
- izindawo eziningi zokuvezwa kwengxenye yangaphambili,
- intamo kanye nogebenga lumbozwe izimpaphe,
- umbala opende opende onsomi,
- umthambo obuthakathaka onemisipha yesifuba engakhuli kahle.
Emibukisweni yenkukhu, ukufuya kwezinkukhu zaseTransylvanian kudonsela ukunaka okwengeziwe ekubukekeni. Umbala weplamu lenyoni awucacisiwe yiwo standard, yize umbala we-cockoo ubukeka uthakazelisa kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zokuzala
Izinkukhu zohlobo lwe-cockshell zivelela izinzuzo eziningi:
- ukungena ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kweqanda,
- Ukudla inyama kusikhumbuza i-turkey
- iphesenti eliphezulu lokuqhekeka nokusinda kwezinkukhu - cishe ama-95%,
- iyehlise ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa,
- inyoni kunalokho molts kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo,
- ukuvezwa okuncane kwizimbungulu zezimpaphe
- ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu nesithwathwa
- Ukuhlola izinga lokugcotshwa kwenkukhu kwi-goiter engadalulwanga.
Ukwethulwa kwamaqanda amakhulu enkukhu yohlobo lwe-cockshell kuyaphawulwa. Emakethe, amaqanda angama-62 g anama-beige aqinile noma amagobolondo aphuzi ayadingeka.
Izinkukhu zaseTransylvani zijwayele isimo sezulu sendawo ngamahlobo obusika busika kanye nehlobo elishisayo. Kukhanga isimo esizolile senyoni, ukubeka amaqanda njalo, amathuba okuyigcina inkunkuma ekhishini.
Uma ufuna ukuthola abashayisibhakela abanye endaweni, kunconywa ukuthi ufunde isihloko esithi “Dakan Fighting Roosters”.
Okubi kwabancane
Abanye abalimi baxoshwa inyoni enentambo engenalutho, yize imfuyo ikhombisa izimfanelo zenyama ezijwayelekile kanye neqanda.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphansi kwezinkukhu ezigcwele kahle kuyaphawulwa. Kepha ngokufakwa kwamavithamini ekudleni, umkhiqizo uyakhula.
Izinkukhu zishoda ngomqondo womama.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokushiyeka, izinzuzo eziningi ziphawulwa, futhi ukuzalanisa izinkukhu zohlobo lwe-galosheyk kuzoletha injabulo enkulu. Noma izinkukhu ezigcwele kahle zigibela engadini engomakhelwane, zingahlukaniswa kalula ngeminsalo yezinsiba ezintanyeni zazo.
Ukufuya izinyoni
Njengomthetho, izinkukhu ezifuya izinkukhu azizalwanga ezinkulu - zitholakala ikakhulukazi kubalimi bezinkukhu abazimele. Okukhiqiza kakhulu kuzoba ngumhlambi wezinkomo, lapho izinkukhu eziyi-10 zineqhude elilodwa. Izendlalelo zinhle emsebenzini wazo ngaphandle kwabesilisa, kepha ukuba khona “kowesilisa” kuphekeni yenkukhu kukhulisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Kufanelekile ukulawula inani lezikhukhukazi namaqhude emhlanjini
Kungcono ukukhulisa izilwane ezisencane ngosizo lwe-incubator, ngoba ukuthambekela kokungashintshi kwama-nappies akukhulunyelwa kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kubekwa amaqanda e-hens peck noma kushiye izidleke isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba amaphuphu afakwe.Ngokufaka isifakiseli, kufanele uthathe amaqanda asanda kukalwa aphakathi nendawo (hhayi ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezinhlanu), ngemuva kokuqiniseka ukuthi akukho amaphutha noma amaphutha egobolondweni. Izinga lokushisa lekamelo elinconyelwayo lingama-20-22 degrees (izinkomba ezingaphansi kwama-15 degrees zithathwa njengezamukeleki).
Amanani entengo weqanda weqanda
Ngezinsuku zokuqala zokuphila, impilo yezinkukhu ezingama-nubile incike ezimeni zokugcinwa kwazo, futhi kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba umfuyi azenzele umoya omuhle. Gcina izilwane ezincane zisegumbini elihlanzekile, elomile elinokusakazeka komoya, kepha ngaphandle kokusalungiswa, ngenkathi ebandayo - endaweni ebamba ukushisa (amaphuphu awakubekezeleli ukubanda). Ngokuya ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo, izinga lokusinda kwezilwane ezisencane lishiya cishe 95%.
Izinga lokushisa elisendaweni okugcinwa kuyo izinkukhu kufanele lihambisane nezibalo ezilandelayo:
- kusuka ngosuku lokuqala kuya ku-5 - ama-29-30 degrees,
- kusukela ngosuku lwe-6 kuye ngosuku lwe-13 - ama-26- 28 degrees.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili, izinga lokushisa lingancishiswa kancane kancane, ukulethe esibonelweni sama-degree angu-18 - lokhu kuyizinga lokushisa elifanele lamachwane wenyanga. Ubuningi bezilwane ezincane yile:
- kuze kufike isonto le-4 - izinkukhu ezingama-25 / sq.m.,
- kusuka nge-5th kuya kwesonto le-10 - izinkukhu eziyi-10-17 / sq.m.,
- kusuka ngeviki le-10 kuye kwele-20 - Izinkukhu eziyi-10 / sq.m.
Ukuvimbela amaphuphu ekuqandeni, kufanele ahlinzeke phansi - amashidi amaphepha, afafazwe ngaphezulu nge-feed eyinkimbinkimbi exutshwe nezithelo zommbila. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyishumi ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezilwane ezincane zidinga ukondliwa njalo emahoreni amabili. Ukudla kwamakhala ezinsana akuhlukile ezimfanelweni zokondla izinkukhu ezisanda kuzalwa ezinye izinhlobo. Okokuqala bathola okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe ngamaqanda abunjiwe kanye noshizi wekhokhoyinti, okufanele kuguqulwe nokudla okukhethekile okuphathelene nezinkukhu. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-4-5, imifino yengezwe kwimenyu yezingane; ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, unganikeza isisusa ku-yogurt noma umhluzi wenyama.
Inkukhu Mash
Ukuqala kusukela eminyakeni emibili yezinyanga, kunconywa ukuthi kungeniswe ummbila kumenyu yenkukhu, okungavumeli ukukhuluphala kuthuthuke futhi ngasikhathi sinye kugcwalise izilwane ezincane.
Ukuze kugcinwe impilo yezinkukhu, zidinga ukunikezwa amavithamini kanye ne-calcium (ngendlela yama-egghells aqhekekile noma ushoko ochotshoziwe), futhi uma amaphuphu angaphumi ukukhanya kwelanga, kudingeka anikezwe uwoyela wezinhlanzi.
Iminyaka yezinkukhu, izinsuku | 1-5 | 6-10 | 11-20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-50 | 51-60 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 28 | 38 | 45 | |
1 | 1,5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
Amazambane abilisiwe, g | - | - | 4 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 20 |
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 30 | |
- | 0,2 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,2 | 1,5 | 2 | |
1 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 17 | 20 | |
1 | 0,2 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 1 |
Inqubo yokondla izilwane ezincane kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze abantu abanamandla bangaxoshi ababuthakathaka. Ngemuva kokudla, qiniseka ukubheka i-goiter kuzo zonke izinkukhu - amachwane lapho kuvela ukuthi awunalutho, udinga ukondla ngawodwana. Ama-feeders kufanele agezwe kahle ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi izingilazi zomntwana ziqede ukudla.
Izitsha zokuphuza neziphuzo ezidliwayo azibekwa phansi, kepha zinamathele ezindongeni ukuze izinkukhu zifinyelele kalula kuzo, kepha zingakwazi ukungena ngokuphelele kuzo. Ukufakwa kwezindunduma ekudleni nasemanzini kuvame ukuholela ekwakhiweni kwezifo zamathumbu.
Kufudumele nokukhanya
Izinkukhu zasekhaya emazweni afudumele zigcinwa ngaphandle kwendlu. Kepha emkhakheni wezwe lethu, badinga igumbi lokufudumala elinamazinga okushisa angama-5 kuye kwangama-15 Celsius. Yize ebusika le nyoni ivunyelwe ukuhamba ibanga elingu-15 degrees.
Ungqimba olugqinsi lwe-peat noma sawdust luzosebenza njengodoti ojulile ongenakushintsha obangela ukushisa futhi udonse umswakama ngokweqile. Uma kubanda, kwanele ukukhulula imfucumfucu, ehlobo udinga ukuhlanza indlu kaningi ekuchitheni.
Igumbi elikhulu elinophahla olungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.5 lilungele ama-galoshes. Ukuphakama okunjalo kuzonciphisa izindleko zokushisa - ukuhamba okufudumele komoya kuqoqana ngaphansi kophahla, kuvumela inyoni ukuba ingabandeli ebusika.
Amanani we-brooder - ikheji lokukhulisa izinkukhu
Izinkukhu ze-Golosheyny zingagcinwa zombili ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenxa yamahhala - kodwa-ke, eziqandeni ezinzima (ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-15) kungcono ukwenqaba ukuhamba. Ukufaka insimbi yenkukhu lapho izogcinwa khona izinyoni nakho kungakhethwa, kodwa kunesisekelo esisodwa. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, amandla ezinkukhu azosetshenziswa ukufudumeza umzimba, okuzothinta ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yamaqanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izinyoni zizodla okuphakelayo okuningi, futhi ukugcinwa kwazo kuzobe kubiza kakhulu. Umswakama kufanele ugcinwe ngezinga lama-60-70%, futhi ukudonsa umswakama owedlulele kanye namagesi kusuka kudoti, kunconyelwa ukuhlomisa indlu ngombhede ojulile we-peat ongenakubekelwa indawo, okufanele udedelwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukuhamba indlu
Ukondla izinkukhu zabantu abadala nakho ngeke kudale izinkinga ezinkulu (ama-galoshes awafuneki ekudleni futhi adle cishe yonke into), kepha ukudla kufanele kube nokulinganisela futhi kube nempilo. Imenyu kufanele ibe nezingxube zokusanhlamvu ezimanzi, imifino ebilisiwe, imikhiqizo yobisi, kanye nemvubelo, ufulawa we-clover, nommbila. Ukubalwa okungenzeka kokuphakelayo kungama-130 g ngosuku kumuntu oyedwa onesisindo esingama-2 kg, emva kwalokho kufanele kufakwe i-10 g yokuphaka kuwo wonke ama-250 g wesisindo. Kunconywa ukondla izinyoni kabili ngosuku, futhi ekuseni kungcono ukuthi zinikeze abaxube ngemifino ebilisiwe, futhi kusihlwa - okusanhlamvu. Amanzi okuphuza kufanele abekhona njalo, futhi ehlobo kufanele aguqulwe kabili ngosuku. Abahlakuleli abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukungeza isihlabathi, usawoti wetafula, ushoko kanye ne-rock rock ekunikezelweni, okusiza izinyoni ukugaya kangcono ukudla.
Umondli wezinkukhu
Isici esiyinhloko salokhu kuzalanisa ukuthi zinika inzuzo enhle yesisindo ngenani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke izinkukhu ezihlala emakhejini kudingeka zinikeze igceke lokuhamba ngefishi eluhlaza.
Ukuhamba ngocingo ngezinkukhu
Izidingo Ezengeziwe
I-hood noma i-vents ifakwa ku-coop yenkukhu ukugwema ukunqwabelana kwamafutha we-ammonia, ngezikhathi ezithile inika umoya egumbini.
Ukukhanya okungeziwe kuvulwa ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga ngehora lesithupha kusihlwa namahora angama-20, kuletha ubude besikhathi sasemini emahoreni ayi-13-16.
Izinkukhu zihlelwe ngezigxobo ezidlekayo nezidleke.
Ebusika, ukudla kwekhalori kunikezwa imfuyo ukwehlisa izindleko zamandla omzimba.
Isidingo se-paddock kanye nezindiza
Uma ama-broilers efuyelwa ukugcinwa ezinkanjini, ukufuya kwezinkukhu kwaTransylvanian kukhula kangcono ekuhambeni okuninginingi ngokukhanya kwelanga.
Kwanele ukubiyela indawo eseduze kwendlu, ukuhlwanyela utshani noma izitshalo zikakolweni ezinde ukondla izinkukhu.
Ukuvunwa kwama-nappies ezindaweni ezivalekile ezinophahla lwamashidi epulasitiki kuvunyelwe ukuze umhlambi ucashe emvangeni naselangeni.
Okuqukethwe okugcwele emangqamuzaneni kuholela ekunciphiseni umkhiqizo wohlobo, futhi kuvame ukudala umphumela obulalayo.
Ukudla kwabantu abadala
Ngokwokuqukethwe, uhlobo lwezinkukhu zaseTransylvania alunaki ekwakhiweni kwalokhu okuphakelayo, imfuyo yondliwa ngendlela efanayo nezinye izakhamizi ezisegcekeni lezinkukhu. Izendlalelo kudingeka zithuthukise ukudla uma zifuna ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Ukondla ngohlobo olukhethekile lokuphakelayo kufaka amandla enkukhu, kepha kuyalimaza ngokwezomnotho endaweni ehlala ekhaya.
Ithola izincomo:
- okusanhlamvu okufana nokolweni, i-oats nommbila,
- amazambane ahlumile - hhayi ngaphezu kwe-100 g ngenkukhu ngayinye,
- isinkwa esomile esifakwe emanzini noma yogati,
- imikhiqizo yobisi,
- imfucuza yenyama nenhlanzi,
- izithelo zonyaka, imifino nezimpande zezilimo,
- amalahle ochotshoziwe, ushoko, amagobolondo, isihlabathi, ukuhlolwa.
Ehlobo, izinkukhu ekuhambeni zihamba ngokuzimela zithola okuluhlaza nokuthola amaprotheni. Ebusika, imishanelo ye-nettle noma kaphayini, i-silage, nezithelo eziningi zezihlahlana zasendle ziyangeniswa ekudleni.
Amanani nokuthengisa
Intengo yeqanda lokufukamelayo yohlobo lwezinkukhu zasebusuku isukela kuma-ruble angama-59 kuya kwangama-74 ngengcezu ngayinye, izilwane ezincane zibiza kusuka kuma-ruble angama-80 kuye kwangama-290 ikhophi ngalinye. Izinto zokuzala zinikezwa emafeshini akhethekile noma izinkundla zamapulazi.
Ukuchazwa okuthokozisayo kohlobo lwe-nubile kunquma isidingo sokuqhwa kwempahla yokuzalanisa. Inyama yokudla idumile emakethe, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhipha intamo yenkukhu ngemuva kokubulawa.
Amapulazi aseYurophu asenesikhathi eside anikela ngezidumbu zama-noodle ezindaweni zokudlela eziseduzane, ezweni lethu kuseyiphupho lokubambisana. Imikhiqizo ituswa ukuba ithengiswe ezindaweni zokudlela ezinhle zamahhotela noma emahhotela ayazisa kakhulu inyama yokudla.
Ukungavikeleki
Ukuzalela okuvulekile kubonakaliswa ukuvikela okuphezulu komzimba, izifo zenkukhu zikhula kaningi ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemibandela yokuboshwa.
Ukuthola izifo, qapha isimo sangaphandle senyoni. Amashumi wokuzala kwesibeletho atheleleka ezifweni ezivuvukala zamalunga, okuvezwa yi-lameness kanye nokuvela kokukhula kwama-paws. Abantu abanjalo kufanele balahlwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amaqanda abo ekufukweni.
Yiziphi izifo ezitholakala kwimithala?
Izinkukhu zohlobo lwe-cockshell zingangenwa yizifo ezivela kwenye inyoni, izinduku ezincane, noma ukudla okunekhwalithi ephansi. Cabanga ngezimpawu zezifo ezivamile.
I-Colibacteriosis yenzeka ezilwaneni ezisencane ngendlela ebukhali, enyangeni endala iba yisifo esingamahlalakhona. Amashumi ayenqaba ukondla, anciphise isisindo, omile, anezinyawo zawo. Ukwelashwa kuhambisana ne-terramycin noma i-biomycin.
I-Salmonellosis ivezwa ukufushane komoya, ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, ukusonteka kwekhanda, ukuvuvukala esiswini, uhudo. Thengisa imfuyo egulayo nge-furazolidone, izinkukhu ezinempilo njenge-prophylaxis nge-syntomycin.
I-Coccidiosis ibonwa ngokulahleka kwesifiso, isisu soxhaxha lwegazi, amaphiko aqabulayo. Inkukhu egulayo idluliselwa ngqo esibayeni esihlukile, siphathwe ne-coccidiostatics.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuhambisana nemithetho yenhlanzeko kuzosebenza njengokuvimbela izifo ezijwayelekile zezinyoni zohlobo lwezinkukhu.
Kuphoqelekile ukukhulisa imfuyo ezindlini ezifudumele nge-ventilation, ukuqhuba njalo ukukhipha noma ukulawula izinduku ezithwala ama-ejenti athelelekayo.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, izinkukhu ziyahlolwa ukuze uthole izimuncagazi. Futhi okudingekayo: ukugoma nokudla okulinganiselayo ngamavithamini namaminerali.
Abalimi bezinyosi abathandekayo, wabelani izimfihlo zokunakekela izinyoni eziphuma kwamanye amazwe kumazwana. Abasebenza ndawonye nabalimi bezinkukhu banesifiso semininingwane ngama-galoshes, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukwaba i-athikili enemininingwane ngaphambi kobusuku besikhathi esishisayo. Sizothokoza ngezinkanyezi ezi-5.
Incazelo evamile yohlobo lwezinkukhu
Isithombe:
Izinkomo zezinkukhu zinomzimba omkhulu futhi onamandla onemisipha ekhule kahle, isifuba esikhulu nomhlane owele. Ziyakwazi squat, futhi amaphiko akahlanganisi ngokuphelele umzimba, kodwa, ngokungathi kunjalo, ancishisiwe phansi.
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo - ukungabikho kweplamu entanyeni, kuhlotshaniswa ne-genetics. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe ziyisisekelo esibucayi esakhiwe kulolu hlobo lwenyoni. Okusho ukuthi, yizinkukhu eziqanjiwe kuphela ezingenayo i-plumage kule ngxenye yomzimba. Ngobudala, isikhumba entanyeni siba coarser futhi sisongelwe, sithola i-tint ebomvu ecebile.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuqondene nokuziphatha kwalokhu kuzalanisa kwezinyoni, izintokazi zizolile impela futhi zihlangana nezakhamizi ezahlukahlukene zegceke. Ngezinye izikhathi, bangaba namahloni ngokweqile futhi bathuke. Kodwa ama-roost ngezinye izikhathi anolaka, kufaka phakathi abantu.
Kwezinye izincazelo zezimpawu kanye nezimpawu zokubonakala kwenkukhu ene-nodule, kufanelekile ukugqamisa okulandelayo:
- Ngemuva kwekhanda elibanzi kunohlobo lwe-cap noma ikamu. Ingaphambili liyiplamu elifushane.
- Entanyeni yobude obuphakathi ngaphambili, ibala liyabonakala, ngokubukeka lifana nomnsalo.
- Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwemilenze emifushane nomzimba ngaphansi kwamaphiko nakho akunawo amapayipi.
- Ama-earlobes abomvu noma amhlophe, uqhwaku has tint ophuzi futhi ligobile kancane, amehlo abomvu.
- Awukho umbala ojwayelekile walolu hlobo lokuzalwa kwezinkukhu - luyahlukahluka kusuka kumathoni we-cockoo ahlukahlukene ngokuhlukahluka kuye kumhlophe omhlophe, obomvu noma omfushane.
Kubalulekile! Izimpawu eziphambili zokwenqatshwa kwamagama ezinkukhu:
- amehlo amnyama
- umbala omnyama ngaphambili kwekhanda,
- amacici aphuzi
- ukuba khona kwezimpaphe ngaphakathi kwemilenze noma entanyeni,
- izidumbu ezingakhuli kahle,
- umsila opholile
- ukuthatheka kwesikhumba ezindaweni ezingenamzimba.
Umlando womsuka
Kunezinguqulo eziningi maqondana nemvelaphi yohlobo lwezinkukhu zezinkukhu:
- Izwe Kunemibono yokuthi ingeniswe eRussia isuka eRomania, ngakho-ke abanye bayibiza ngeTransylvanian. Abalandeli bomunye umbono bathi isifundazwe sase-Andalusia e-Italy yindawo okwazalelwa kuyo lolu hlobo lwezinyoni, ngenxa yalokho ngokuvamile babizwa ngokuthi yiSpain.
- Izakhi zofuzo Ngokwenye inguqulo, lezi zinkukhu zavela njengomphumela wokuhlolwa kokulwa nezikhukukazi zaseNdiya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubungcwele benziwa ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwemvelo futhi ekuqaleni kwakuyisibonakaliso se-genetic pathology, esaqala ukudluliselwa kwesinye isizukulwane ngesizukulwane.
Kungenzeka ukuthenga izinkukhu ze-golosheynny zokuzalela emapulazini ezwe noma ngezimemezelo kwizithangami ezinezihloko neziza ezikhethekile.
Ngokwesilinganiso, uhla lwamanani luyehluka ngale ndlela:
- ngeqanda elilodwa kufanele ukhokhe kusuka kuma-ruble angama-60 kuye kwangama-75.,
- ngenkukhu ngayinye - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-80 kuya kwangama-300.
Ukubuyekezwa
Izinkukhu ze-Goloshinovy zikhule zikhiqize impela futhi kaningi, ngakho-ke kukhona ukubukezwa okuningi mayelana nalohlobo.
Bonke behlela izinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Ukusinda okuhle kwezilwane ezisencane - amaphesenti angama-95% kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
- Ukuqina kwenyama okuhle kakhulu nenqubo elula yokukha ngenxa yokungatholakali kweplamu kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Ama-oviposition okuqala, anamaqanda abeka, aqhubeka ukubeka ngisho ngo-December nangoJanuwari.
- Ukukhiqizwa okuhle kokufakwa kwezinkukhu kuyimpikiswano kwabaningi, njengoba umnikazi ngamunye wezinyoni eza kuqala izinto ezahlukahlukene.
- Ukulungela nokukhuthazela, ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa kwe-subzero.
- Isethulo esihle samaqanda.
Kukhona kuphela minus eyodwa, nokuthi eyodwa isenenkinga - ukubukeka kwezinyoni okungenakuzithoba.
Izimo ze-Incubator
- Izinga lokushisa lomoya egumbini lokuphumula kufanele libe ebangeni lama-20-22 degrees, kodwa nakanjani lingaphansi kune-15.
- Beka i-incubator kusihlwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bezingane ebusuku.
- Ukushisa kudivayisi ngokwayo kufanele kube ngama-38-39 degrees ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-11 nomswakama wamaphesenti angama-30. Amaqanda ajikelezwa njalo emahoreni angama-2-3.
- Ngosuku 4 ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda ku-incubator, udinga ukuqala ukupholisa.
- Ukusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-19, izinga lokushisa lincishiswa ngesigamu sedigri, nomswakama - ngamaphesenti amabili.
- Ukusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-19 kuye kwezingama-21 kunikeza umoya omncane we-incubator, izinga lokushisa lincishiswa ngesinye isigamu sedigri. Ngalesi sikhathi, asikho isidingo sokuguqula amaqanda.
Izilwane ezincane
Izinkukhu zamaqhude kuphela ezizalwayo zizwela kakhulu izimo, ngakho-ke kumele kulandelwe le mithetho elandelayo:
- Ukupholisa umoya okuhle, kepha ngaphandle kokusalungiswa okuqinile.
- Ubukhulu obukhulu - ama-25 ama-pcs. nge-1 m2 phakathi nenyanga yokuqala, ngenyanga ezayo nengxenye - izinhloso eziyi-17, bese - kungekho ngaphezulu kwabangu-10 umuntu ngamunye ku-1 m2.
- Isitezi kufanele simbozwe ngodoti, i-peat ihamba phambili. Noma ungasebenzisa amashidi ajwayelekile ephepha bese uthela okuphakishwe kahle okufakwe ngotshani bommbila ngqo kubo.
- Izinga lokushisa elisendlini ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-5 kumele okungenani libe ngama-29-30 degrees, khona-ke kuze kuphele isonto lesibili lokuphila, ama-brood angancishiswa abe ngama-26 degrees. Ngokuzayo, masonto onke behlisa izinga lokushisa ngamadigri amathathu ukuze kuthi lapho kuphela inyanga yokuqala yokuphila izinkukhu zizizwe zikhululekile ku-18 C.
Kubalulekile! Lapho kuvela amazwibela ngenkathi ebandayo, inyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwamachwane kumele ngaphezu kwalokho usebenzise izibani ze-infrared egumbini.
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwezilwane ezincane, bese unamathela kulezi zincomo:
- Ukondla ngesikhathi sokuqala kwamasonto ayi-1.5 okungenani njalo emahoreni ama-2.
- Ukudla imikhombe nezitsha zokuphuza kufakwa odongeni kude kangako ukuze amaphuphu afinyelele ngokwawo, kepha angakhuphuki ngaphakathi ngezinyawo, ngoba ukuphonsa izinyoni kungavusa ukugula ezilwaneni ezisencane.
- Ngemuva kokondla, kubalulekile ukubheka i-goiter - uma kunamachwane lapho angenalutho, atholiswa ngawodwana.
- Izinsalela zokuphaka zisuswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqeda ukudla.
Imenyu yenkukhu enyangeni yokuqala yokuphila:
- Izinsuku zokuqala zokuphila, ukudla kwenziwa kusuka emaqanda abiliswe kanzima, ochotshoziwe futhi kuxutshwe no-50 g we-cottage shizi no-50 g we-semolina noma ufulawa wombila. Lesi yingxenye yeqanda lenkukhu eli-1.
- Ngenye indlela, unganikeza futhi nenhlanganisela yokudla okuhlanganisiwe kwezinkukhu, okungezela i-oatmeal nobisi olomisiwe ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo.
- Ngosuku lwe-5 lokuphila, ungangeza imifino ekudleni, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesonto sebevele benze izingxube kwiyogathi noma umhluzi wenyama.
- Kusukela ngosuku lwe-10, izinkukhu zinganikwa amazambane abilisiwe abilisiwe, ithanga ne-zucchini.
Kubalulekile! Ngenyanga yokuqala yempilo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ushokole ochotshoziwe noma amagobolondo amaqanda njengesengezo, esizoba ngumthombo we-calcium odingeka kakhulu.
Izifo
Izinkukhu zase-galashih zaseSpain zidume ngokungaziphathi kahle kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Kodwa futhi banobuthakathaka, okuyinhloko ama-paws, ngakho-ke:
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela futhi njalo izinyoni futhi uqaphele iziphambeko ezingaba khona - ukugoba kweminwe, ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, ukwakheka kwengubo emhlophe noma i-limp.
- Ungakwazi ukwelapha, ngokuya ngezimpawu zokugula, kepha izinyoni eziningi ezingenampilo zithunyelwa ukuzohlatshwa.
- Kulula ukwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Kubandakanya:
- ukucekelwa phansi kwamagciwane ngokuhlanza amagciwane kuleso sakhiwo,
- ukuqedwa kwezinto ezibukhali ezingadala ukulimala emilenzeni.
- Futhi, izinkukhu zihlela ukugeza komlotha.
Izinkukhu zeGalosh zilula kakhulu futhi zinenzuzo yokulima inyama yasendlini neyentengiso ngesilinganiso esincane. Zikhululekile futhi azikhathaleli, zithwala amaqanda kahle ngisho nangesikhathi esibandayo, empeleni aziguli futhi zibe nokubukeka okuhehayo.
Izici zokuzala
Ukuchazwa kwezinkukhu zase-nightingale kuyinto engajwayelekile; zize zifane nezinye ngama-turkeys. AmaNappa awanazo izimpaphe hhayi entanyeni kuphela, kodwa nasendaweni yezimbambo, okungukuthi ngaphansi kwamaphiko, futhi nakulebe yomlenze wangaphakathi. Ngokuya “ngokunemba” kohlobo lokuzalela, inani lamabala angenalutho emzimbeni wenyoni inqunywa.
Inkukhu yalolu hlobo luzalwa ine-aptheria, okungukuthi, izindawo ezingenazimpaphe. Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, lobe wesikhumba uphenduka ubomvu.
Ama-Hens kanye nama-roosters abonakala ngezifihla ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ngemibimbi ezindaweni ezingenalutho. Ngemuva kwekhanda kukhona indawo encane enezimpaphe ezibukeka njengesigqoko. Ingaphambili lentamo kukhona khona kwekhola yezimpaphe. Le nyoni engajwayelekile inombala omnyama, onsundu, lapho kukhona khona okucatshangelwe, okuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungaxubeke futhi kukhanye. Ikhanda lowesifazane waseSpain libanzi, lincane ngosayizi.
Amehlo ezinkukhu ane-hue ebomvu ophuzi, isikhafu namakati abomvu. Uqhwaku luphawuleka ngama-curvature athile, luphuzi noma nsundu. Inyoni ye-squat, inomzimba wemisipha onamandla, i-sternum enkulu. Izimpiko azondelene nomzimba ngokuphelele, zehliselwa phansi. Izimbambo zezingwe zimfushane, zinemisipha, zineminwe emi-4. Lezi zinkukhu zibonakaliswa umhlane ophakeme kanye nesisu esikhulu.
Owesifazane waseSpain wangempela akavezwa kuphela ngentamo engenalutho, kodwa futhi akakwazi ukuba namehlo amnyama, amacici amhlophe, kanye namabala akhanyayo ophuzi kuma-lobes angenasibindi. Umshado wommeleli uphinde ukhonjiswe ngombala omhlophe omhlophe omhlophe noma omsulwa. Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo lokuzala zinomoya opholile futhi onokuthula, azibambi iqhaza kwezokulwa futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlangana nabanye abamele izinyoni egcekeni. Bakhathazekile futhi banamahloni.
Ama Roosters wona anolaka; ahlasela hhayi izihlobo kuphela, kodwa nabantu.
Amazambane kuthiwa abamele inyama nohlobo lweqanda. Izici eziphambili zokukhiqiza zohlobo lwaseSpain:
- isisindo seqhude - 3000-3500 amagremu, izinkukhu - 2000-2500 amagremu,
- ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - cishe izingcezu ezingama-160 ngonyaka,
- isisindo seqanda - amagremu angama-60,
- izinkukhu ziqala ukuvuna emavikini angama-23 okukhona.
Ukhula kanjani?
Lapho ukhula ama-noodle, kubalulekile ukunikela ngezilwane ezifuywayo ngesimo esifanele sokushisa ku-coop yenkukhu. Ngaphandle kokuthi iSpaniard iyinyoni eqinile, uma izimo zingamukeleki kuye, ngeke asebenzise amandla akhe hhayi ekwandiseni isisindo somzimba noma ekwakhekeni kweqanda, kepha ekwakheni izinga lokushisa lomzimba elilungile. Uma igumbi libanda kakhulu - ama-degree ama-5, khona-ke inkukhu izoyeka ukushesha.
Izinga lokushisa elifanele egumbini lokugcina lapho izinkukhu zigcinwa libhekwa lisuka ku-12 liye ku-16 degrees Celsius, kanti umswakama kufanele ube ngu-60%. Ukuze kuthathwe kahle udoti, umswakama negesi, kunconyelwa ukwenza udoti osuselwa ku-peat. Lokhu kusekelwa kuyasuswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuvikela i-Coop yenkukhu ukuthi ingangcoliswa, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ukulethwa nokuphuma komoya kuyo.
Ekwindla nasebusika, ukusebenza kahle kokubekwa kweqanda kuxhomeke kubude bamahora wemini. Ukuze unxephezele ukushoda kokukhanya kwelanga okungokwemvelo, kufanelekile ukufaka leyo yokufakelwa kwikhobhu yenkukhu. Ama-galoshes angcolile ekudleni, ngakho-ke, kulokhu, ngeke athwame umthwalo webutho. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo kufanele kube okusanhlamvu, amazambane, ufulawa we-clover, imifino, izilimo zezimpande, imikhiqizo yobisi. Futhi, isidlo saseSpain kufanele sifake imvubelo, igobolondo, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu.
Inketho enhle yokuphakelwa kwezinyoni ngukudla okulinganiselayo okudla okunempilo okuondla umzimba wezinkukhu ngamavithamini namaminerali. Inkukhu eyodwa endala enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-2 000 idinga ama-gramu ayi-130 wokuphaka. Ngokunyuka kwesisindo somzimba sama-gramu ayi-250, kufanelekile ukungeza amagremu ayi-10. Ukudla okumbiwa kanye namaminithamini kungakhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinswabeni.
Ukondliwa kwezinyoni kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngosuku, okungukuthi ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Umlando wokuvela kohlobo lwezinkukhu
Kuze kube manje, akukho ukuvumelana ezweni okuvela kulo uhlobo lwenkukhu. Ochwepheshe babheka izinguqulo eziningana. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izinkukhu zohlobo lwedwala zivela eTransylvania ephakathi (indawo yeRomania yanamuhla). Kungakho amagama abo "iTransylvanian" ne "Semigrad" eza.
Ngokuya kwenye inguqulo, eRomania lolu hlobo selusakazeke kuphela, kanti i-Andalusia, umphakathi ozimele waseSpain, kufanele ubhekwe njengezwe langempela lamaNapies. Kungebangelo babizwa nangamaSpanish.
Ukuthintwa kokuqala kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo lokuzalwa olungavamile kwenziwa ngo-1875 e-Austria. Emazweni e-CIS, amaSemigrad hens adumile ngo-1930. Njengamanje, ama-galoshes athandwa kakhulu eJalimane naseFrance. E-United Kingdom, ukufuya kwezinkukhu akuvamile, futhi e-USA akukho ngokuphelele.
Ngokombono wokuzalwa, akukho ndaba yokuphikisana. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi lokhu kuzalaniswa okunguhlobo lwe-Banking jungle hens.
Izici zangaphandle
Uhlobo oluvulekile lwezinkukhu ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo luhlukaniswa ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni. Entanyeni nasegobeni, lezi zinyoni azinayo nhlobo iplamu. Izimpaphe zisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani emzimbeni - imivimbo, noma kunjalo, ngenkathi izindawo eziveziwe ku-goiter zimbozwe ngokuphelele izimpaphe ezingomakhelwane ngakho-ke zingabonakali. Kukhona futhi awukho amapayipi onxantathu oluncane lwesikhumba ngaphakathi kwemilenze.
Ezinyoni zalolu hlobo, isifuba esiyindilinga esinezicubu zomzimba ezakhiwe kahle sici. Umzimba uphakeme, ukhuphuke kancane, unokwakheka kwesilinda. Umzimba unxande ngokuma ngokulingana kobubanzi nobude 1: 2. Ubukhulu kanye nesisindo se-cocksuckers kuyisilinganiso.
Futhi, izinkukhu zinesisu esishubile nomhlane omude. Izimpiko zithuthukisiwe impela. Zisondelene nomzimba ngokukhululekile futhi zehliswe kancane phansi. Imilenze iqine, kepha ayimude, ineminwe emine, ophuzi-orenji noma onsomi.
Uma umzimba upendiwe mhlophe, i-metatarsus, njengokuhlukile, nayo ingaba mhlophe. Ngenqubo yokuncibilika, ukuvuselelwa ngokuphelele kwengqimba ephezulu yesikhumba kwenzeka. Ikhanda libanzi, lincane ngosayizi. I-crest ingaba yipinki noma iqabunga. Izimpaphe ekhanda zivezwa ngendlela yesigqoko esincane.
I-plumage ngaphambili kwentamo ibukeka njengomnsalo. Eduze, ube nombala obomvu. Intamo ibomvu, ilukhuni futhi ibengekile. Amehlo abomvu korenji. Amacici mncane, ayindilinga. UBill uphuzi, ugobile kancane. Umsila omnandi wosayizi omncane uphakanyiswa kancane. Ama-pigtails abanzi kepha amafushane.
Inhloso nezici ezikhiqizayo
Inkukhu ye-Alchemy isho izinhlobo zohlobo lwenhlanganisela, lwenyama neqanda lokukhiqiza.
Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kufinyelela amaqanda ayi-150-180 ngonyaka. I-Shelley yamaqanda ine-tint enokhilimu. Isisindo seqanda sisuka ku-55-60 g.Nxa kungekho okukhona ngokwenxenye kweplamu emzimbeni, izinkukhu zibekezelela amakhaza kahle, ngakho-ke, ngoDisemba nangoJanuwari, zigcina ukukhiqizwa okuhle kweqanda.
UGalosheki uqala ukushesha eneminyaka eyisithupha. Izinkukhu zihlala isikhathi eside, azikhathaleli ekunakekelweni futhi zikhula ngokushesha. Isisindo sendoda endala yeqhude kusuka ku-2,5 kg kuya ku-3 kg, kanye no-hens - kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-2,5 kg. Ukunambitheka kwenyama yalokhu kuzalanisa kuyafana ne-turkey.
Izimo zokushisa lapho kukhula izilwane ezisencane
Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila kwezinkukhu, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso ofanele wokushisa, noma yikuphi ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungabhubhisa yonke imfuyo.
Iminyaka yezinkukhu | Ukushisa okunconyiwe |
Izinsuku ezingama-0-5 | Ama-8-10 degrees |
6-13 usuku | Ama-26- 28 degrees |
20-30 usuku | 20 degrees |
Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, amazinga okushisa egumbini okugcinwa kulo izinkukhu kufanele abe ngama-18 degrees. Ngezinsuku ezibandayo, amalambu e-infrared asetshenziselwa ukufudumeza.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuzalela
Izici ezinhle zohlobo lwe-galosh lwezinkukhu zifaka:
- ukungathobeki kokushiya nokondla,
- ngenxa yezici zemvelo zeplamu, ukukhipha kulula futhi kushesha,
- isimo esizolile esibavumela ukuba bahlangane ngokuthula nezinye izinkukhu,
- ukunambitheka kwenyama kufana kakhulu nenyama ye-turkey yokudla,
- ukuqala kokuqala kwesibeletho,
- isethulo esihle samaqanda
- amanani aphezulu we-hatchability (cishe i-95%),
- ukumelana lokushisa eliphansi neliphezulu,
- Uhlobo lwentamo enqunu lusetshenziselwa ekuzaliseni ezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-broiler (kuholela ekunciphiseni kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, lisiza ukukhuphula isisindo senkukhu, luthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesidumbu uma iqhathaniswa nama-broiler aphethwe kahle, ikhulisa ukuguqulwa kokuphakelwa).
Okubi:
- ukubukeka okungasebenzi, lapho abanye abalimi benqaba ukuzalanisa lo msele,
- Isimilo esikhula kabi somama (izinkukhu ziyanconywa ukuthi zingashisi zisebenzisa indlela yokufaka noma ukubekela amaqanda izinkukhu zezinye izinhlobo),
- amanani wokukhiqiza ajwayelekile.
Imodi ekhanyayo yezendlalelo
Hhayi kuphela izinga lokushisa elisendlini elithinta ukukhiqizwa kwesikhukhukazi, kepha futhi nesikhathi samahora kosuku. Esikhathini sokwindla-nobusika, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuyadingeka endlini ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukungabi bikho kokukhanya kwemvelo.
Ukuze kukhiqizwe kahle amaqanda ebusika, izinkukhu zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okungamahora ayi-14. Ukukhanyiswa kuhlinzekwa ngokohlelo oluthile. Amalambu aqala ukusuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 ekuseni, kuthi kusuka emahoreni angama-17 kuye kwangama-20. Isimo sezulu esinamafu, ukukhanyisa kufanele kuqhubeke kusuka ngo-6 a.m kuya ku-8 p.m. Funda kabanzi ngezindlela zokukhanyisa ezintweni zethu.
Izinkukhu (esithombeni - ziboshwe nje) Izindlebe zibukeka zithinta kakhulu futhi azikwazi ukuzivikela.
Ukuthenga
Ungathenga izinkukhu zeHolosheyny ku- "Gene Pool" ePushkin (ikhasi kwisithonjana sabakhiqizi bezolimo). Ukusuka kuJulayi kuya kuZibandlela, intengo yeqanda lokufakwa ngeke ibe ngama-ruble angama-50, entwasahlobo - kuze kufike kuma-ruble angama-70 (ulwazi lukhona njengokwindla ngo-2016). Futhi ekuthengisweni (kuyaqabukela) ukukhula kwentsha.
Okubalulekile, akukho ukubuyekeza okungalungile ngekhwalithi yalolu hlobo lokuzalela abalimi. Ubukhulu obukhulu (nokukhula okuphezulu) kwenyoni kuphawulwa ngokukhethekile.
Emnyangweni weSergiev Posad we "VNITIP" (imininingwane ngaye lapha) uthengisa izinkukhu zansuku zonke iGolosheyek kuma-ruble angama-50 unyaka wonke (ngo-Agasti - ama-ruble angama-45). Intengo lapha inenzuzo enkulu, kepha okususwayo akuhlali kuyikhwalithi ebikezelwe, imvamisa abathengi abeneme ngemiphumela.
Intengo ye-Mesh
Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kwamaqhubu kuncike esikhathini samahora okukhanya kosuku, ngakho-ke ebusika, ukubeka izinkukhu kunganciphisa umkhiqizo noma kungayeki ukushesha. Ukunxephezela ukukhanya kwelanga usebenzisa ukukhanyisa okufakwayo, futhi ukwenze ngokulandelayo:
- amahora afanele wemini yokwenza umkhiqizo omuhle weqanda kufanele okungenani abe ngama-14 hhayi ngaphezulu kwamahora ayi-16,
- ukuqala ngo-5 ekuseni, kukhanyise ukukhanya endlini bese kuyishiya kuze kukhanye ngaphandle kwewindi,
- Kusihlwa, khanyisa isibani sehora noma ihora ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga bese usishiya kuze kube ngamahora angama-20.
Isibani seCoop
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukukhanya kwesibani, ngoba ngokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu izinkukhu ziqala ukukhathazeka futhi zilwe, futhi ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka kuzoba nomthelela ongemuhle ekuzuzweni kwesisindo nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Izinga elilungile lokukhanya likhanyisa amasudi angama-20 - ngokwesibonelo, egumbini le-6 sq.m. inganikezwa isibani esivamile samashumi ayisithupha-watt esibekwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2.
Ukukhanyisa izinkukhu
Izinkinga ezingaba khona
Ama-nub anokuzivikela okuqinile okuqinile, kepha ama-paws angabhekwa njengendawo ebuthakathaka emzimbeni wawo. Ukugwema ukugula okungathí sina, umnikazi wezinkukhu kufanele ahlole imfuyo njalo, anake ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwezitho. Izimpawu zokugula okhulayo zingaba yi-lameness, i-curvature yeminwe, ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, noma ukubukeka kwe-plaque emhlophe grey kuma-paws ("calcareous foot"). Ukwelashwa kuya ngesifo esithile, kepha ezimweni eziningi inyoni ayishiywanga ukuba izale, kodwa ithunyelwe ukuba ihlatshwe.
Ukuvimbela izifo ezinjengalezi, kufanele uhlanze njalo ukhiphe isibulala magciwane endlini yezinkukhu ukuze uchithe izinambuzane, ususe kuzo zonke izinto ezingalimaza izinyoni, futhi uhlele nezinkukhu ekubhukuleni komlotha.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, amaphuphu kufanele athole ukudla okunempilo okunamavithamini kanye namaminerali adingekayo. Izilwane ezisencane akufanele zigcinwe enetheni noma ebandayo - lokhu kungadala ukugoba kweminwe nezifo ezivuvukelayo zezinkukhu.
Ukwahlulela ngempendulo yabafuyi bezitshalo abanolwazi, ukufuya izinkukhu akubangeli zinkinga ezinkulu, futhi ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuhlanzeka kwendlu kanye nenani elanele lokukhanya kwelanga kuzoba isihluthulelo sempilo nokukhiqiza kwezinyoni.
Ukunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi nokunakekelwa
Lezi zinyoni zazivame kakhulu ngesikhathi seSoviet Union emapulazini ahlanganayo, emapulazini asezinkukhu nasemapulazini ezinkukhu eMoldova nasentshonalanga ye-Ukraine, lapho-ke lokho kuzalaniswa kwabizwa ngokuthi yiTransylvanian. Ngisho nangaphambi kwempi, lezi zinkukhu zazibizwa ngeSemigrad galoshneynaya.
Manje abalimi bezinkukhu nabalimi abanesifiso kulokhu zohlobo lwezinkukhuuzothola inyoni enegama - Spanish golosheyka. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi zibizwa kanjani, amaphuzu amqoka ekugcineni nasekunakekeleni izinyoni kuhlala kungashintshiwe futhi kuncike ikakhulukazi esimeni sezulu lapho izinyoni zihlala khona.
Ukugcina izinkukhu eRussia, vele, uzodinga indlu yenkukhu efakwe ngaphakathi, futhi eSpain, izinyoni ziyaneliseka ngama-perches ngaphansi kwekholomu. Amathiphu wokuqukethwe ajwayelekile izinkukhu zezinkukhu:
- izinga lokushisa elikhulu ku-coop yenkukhu lisukela ku-10 kuye ku-15 degrees Celsius, lingaphakama
- ukutholakala kokuhamba ngokukhululeka
- ukusetshenziswa kokungcola kwe-peat, i-peat ilawula umswakama, okungukuthi, ukukhula kwamagciwane,
- Ukulawulwa kokudla kwezinyoni, i-gnosheki ye-gnoski esheshayo futhi ikhula kahle, idla okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe,
- ukuba khona kwe-incubator ngenhloso yokuzalanisa.
Njengoba amaqhubu amaningi atshalwe ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu nekhwalithi enhle yamaqanda, kufanele kubhekwe lapho uwagcina ebeka izinkukhu ngqo kuncike kubude bamahora wemini.
Esithombeni kukhona i-cocksucker
Ngakho-ke, izinsuku zasebusika ezimfushane zidinga ukungezelelwa, ukunxephezela ukungabikho kokukhanya, okungukuthi, umsebenzi wezinkukhu. Kunconywa ukwenza lokhu ngokulandelayo:
- Ekuseni, khanyisa ukukhanya okufakwayo kusuka ngo-5 a.m kuze kube isikhathi lapho sekuntwela ngokuphelele,
- Kusihlwa, khanyisa isibani sezinyoni isigamu sehora noma ihora ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga, kuze kube isikhathi lapho zona ngokwazo ziqala ukulala futhi kuze kube yileso sikhathi, esilungele indlu ethile.
- amahora emini yokukhiqiza amaqanda akhiqiza kakhulu kufanele kube okungenani amahora ayi-14 futhi kungabi ngaphezulu kwe-16.
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwezinyoni, akuqedi ukudla, kugoqa konke. Ngakho-ke, abantu kufanele banakekele ukuthi abondli babenengxubevange yokulinganisa okusanhlamvu noma ukudla okwenziwe ngomumo.
Lezi zinyoni azidingi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe noma ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kodwa ngokusho izibuyekezo labo abagcina epulazini, isikhukhukazi Banesimo esihle sokuthula futhi bazolile futhi bahlangana kahle nabo bonke abanye abahlali bendlu.
Ukuzalela nokondliwa kwama-nappies
Sikhuluma ngokudla kwezinkukhu, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi i-galosha ngeke izikhethele "okusanhlamvu" okulusizo ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuthi inyoni inakho konke okudingekayo. Ngokuqondene nazo zonke izinkukhu, kulezi zinyoni kubalulekile ukuthi kukhona:
- okusanhlamvu
- imifino
- calcium
- i-clover kafulawa
- imvubelo
- ummbila (uyazikhethela, kepha ufiseleka).
Kodwa-ke, awunakhungatheka ngokuhlanganiswa kwezingxube, kepha uthenge okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngomumo. Abalimi abaningi abazisebenzisi izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwabo, kepha uma kukhona ama-nappies epulazini, le nkinga iba yize, ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda akhiqiza kakhulu.
Ukubona amaqanda walezi zinyoni, kungenzeka ukuthi uqukethe izakhamuzi ezishiywe umnotho. Ngokuvamile, inyoni endala eyodwa idla amagremu ayi-130 kuye kwangama-150 ngosuku, okungekho kangako. Bondla ama-noodle ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinkukhu - ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Njengoba uthenge ama-noodle enkukhu, noma yimuphi umlimi kungekudala unquma ukuhileleka ngokuzalanisa kwabo. Lapha, abafuyi bezinkukhu baxhuga benesici esinjalo sohlobo olufana nokuthi “ukungathandi” ukudonsa amaqanda. Ama-galoshes angabazali abanake kakhulu futhi abakhathalelayo, kepha, ngokumangazayo - izinkukhu ezinyanyekayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuzalanisa kuzodinga i-incubator.
Kepha lobu bunzima bodwa. Izinga lokusinda kwenzalo kuma-nymphs liphezulu kakhulu - 95-98%. Ukunakekela amachwane athandiwe akuhlukile ekunakekeleni ezinye izinkukhu.
Izinkukhu zeGalosheka ziyizikhukhula ezinhle kakhulu zezingane
Ekuqaleni kwempilo yabo, izinkukhu zizwela kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izingane kufanele zibekwe endaweni eyomile, enomoya omncane, kodwa ngaphandle kokusalungiswa, igumbi elinokushisa kwama-26 kuya kuma-30 degrees Celsius.
Njengoba amaphuphu ekhula, amazinga okushisa kufanele anciphe kancane kancane, futhi ngosuku lwe-30 lokuphila kwawo kufanele kube ngama-18-20 degrees. Ngokuqondene nokondla, akufani nhlobo nokondliwa kwezinkukhu ezijwayelekile, ezinganamatheki.
Intengo nokubuyekezwa mayelana nama-galoshes
Ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi bezinkukhu ngalokhu kuzalaniswa kwezinkukhu kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ekukhiqizeni amaqanda abo, kodwa futhi nenyama. Ngaphandle kwalokho. lapho usika, awudingi ukukha intamo yentaka, nayo engeza ezinzuzweni zayo uma uyiqhathanisa nezinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama yenkukhu ifana kakhulu ne-turkey ekunambithekeni kwayo, evumela ukuthi isetshenziswe ekuphekeni izitsha ezidinga izindlela zokupheka ze-turkey futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inciphisa izindleko zayo, kepha ayinciphisi ukunambitha kwayo.
E-Yurophu, i-galoshnevye idume kakhulu emapulazini amancane e-universal, ithengisa imikhiqizo ezindaweni ezimbalwa zokudlela nasezitolo zendawo ezidaywayo. E-Russia, ukusebenzisana okunjalo akukakhiqizwa ngokugcwele, kepha sekuvele kukhula.
Isibonelo, izindawo zokudlela eziseceleni komgwaqo kanye namahhotela izakhiwo zeminyaka ethile, njengoba zithanda ukusebenza ngqo nabalimi bendawo. Ungathenga izinyoni zepulazi lakho ngezindlela ezimbalwa - thenga izinkukhu noma amaqanda ukuze zifakwe. Intengo yenkukhu yentamo yenkukhu ngokwesilinganiso isuka kuma-ruble angama-59 kuye kwangama-74 ngeqanda ngalinye lokuqokwa futhi kusuka kuma-ruble angama-80 kuya kwangama-290 ngenkukhu ngayinye.
Ungathenga izinkukhu usebenzisa izinkundla ezikhethekile zabalimi, izimemezelo zokuthengisa noma ngamabala ezolimo, ezinkulu kakhulu zibanjwa ezweni lethu eSergg Posad kabili ngonyaka.
Incazelo yezinkukhu zeGalosheka kuzobe kungaphelelanga ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi izinhlobo zohlobo lweminyaka eyishumi edlule zithandwa kakhulu ngabazalisi, bobabili amateurs nezinkampani ezinkulu.
Amachwane atholakala ngesithombe
Isibonelo, amaFulentshi, inkampani i-SASSO, ebandakanyeke ekukhetheni izinkukhu "ezinombala", ibise inqwaba yezilimo ezaziwa kakhulu ngabalimi nabalimi bezinkukhu njengama-French galosheyny.
Sekukonke, le nyoni ayifaneleki kuphela ukuyigcina futhi inenzuzo enkulu, kepha futhi iyathembisa ngokuzalanisa, okuheha ukunakwa kwabaphathi bebhizinisi abaningi kuyo. Bobabili abaqalayo kanye nalabo abanolwazi olukhulu.
Ungayikhetha kanjani efanele?
Lapho ukhetha izinkukhu ngezinhloso zokuzalela, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izimpawu ezidinga ukunakwa nokuthi yini ekhombisa umshado kulolohlobo. Uhlobo lokungcola lwenkukhu yase-Nightingale lunganqunywa uma inyoni:
- amacici aphuzi
- ubuso obumnyama
- amehlo amnyama
- ezindaweni ezingenamaphaza, isikhumba sine-tint ephuzi,
- umzimba ongaqondakali futhi obuthakathaka,
- umsila opholile
- intamo nengaphakathi lomlenze ongezansi zimbozwe ngotshani.
Kwibhande lesiphambano (ngokwesibonelo, isiphambano esiphakathi kwe-nightingale nenkukhu ejwayelekile), intamo nayo izodalulwa ngenxa yokubuswa kohlobo lweNa. Kodwa-ke, okungenani eyodwa yazo zonke ezinye izibonakaliso izoba khona, futhi inikeze umehluko kuzinga lokuzalela.
Ukuze kugcinwe izinyoni zikhululekile futhi zikhuphuke ekukhiqizweni kwazo, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezifanele ukuze ziphile.
Idivayisi yenkukhu yenkukhu
Indawo ekhethiwe neyifudumele, evikela kahle imimoya ebandayo, iyakhethelwa ukubanda kwenkukhu. Njengezinto zokwakha kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izitini, i-adobe, amabhodi, itshe, amabhlogo afudumele noma amaphaneli. Uma ukhetho luwele ezintweni ezikhululekile (igobolondo, i-adobe), ukuze uvikele ukugoqeka kwezindonga nezinkukhu, kufanele uzivikele ngaphansi ngensimbi efinyelela ku-80 cm ukuphakama.
Uphahla lungenziwa nganoma iyiphi into engahambelani namanzi ne-gable, ezovikela uphahla ekushiseni ngokweqile. Kusetshenziswa, njengomthetho, wesitoreji sezinto zokulala kanye ne-vitamin utshani. Ngokufakwa kwephahla, kungcono ukhethe isihlahla. I-heater ingumbumba oxutshwe sawdust notshani. IWindows kufanele kube lula ukuyivula futhi kube lula ukuyikhipha. Isitezi kufanele siphakanyiswe ngaphezu komhlaba okungenani amasentimitha angama-20. Kungaba ngamapulangwe, ukhonkolo, udaka noma i-asphalt.
Lapho ugcina izinkukhu phansi, kusetshenziswa udoti ongashintshi ogcina ukushisa kahle. Udoti ojulile phansi ubekwa ngale ndlela:
- thela i-lime fluff, esebenza ukumunca umswakama owedlulele bese ukhipha isibulala-magciwane phansi (ngesilinganiso esingu-0,5 kg ku-1 sq. m),
- udoti onobude obungama-5 cm ubekwa ngaphezulu, okungezwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi njengoba kungcola ukuze kuthi emva konyaka ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelele ku-20 cm.
Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ama-7-8 kg wezinto zokulala ngenkukhu ngayinye ngonyaka. Njengoba singasetshenziswa i-sawdust, i-peat, ukusikwa, utshani obunjiwe, phansi, iziqu zommbila ochotshoziwe, i-sunk ye-sunflower nezinye izinto ezixegayo. Ukuze udoti ungahlanganisiwe futhi ungamanzi, kubalulekile ukuwukhulula kanye ngesonto. Ngale njongo, ungathela okusanhlamvu kuyo. Izinkukhu zizodonsa futhi ngasikhathi sinye ziyithukulule. Ngomswakama ngokweqile ku-udoti, umbozwe nge-lime fluff noma i-superphosphate (200-300 g nge-1 sq. M yendawo yaphansi).
Ukunisela izinkukhu, izinkomishi zokudla, izinhlwathi nezidleke kuyadingeka ukugcina izinkukhu zase-Nightingale. Izilungiselelo zokudla nezitsha zokuphuza zibekwe ngendlela yokuthi ukwazi ukuzithwala noma kuphi lapho kuhlangana khona inkukhu noma lapho uhamba ngezinyawo. Ku-feeders kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngezinhlangothi zangaphakathi zobubanzi obuyi-2 cm, okuzonciphisa ngo-35% amathuba wokuchitheka kokudla ngesikhathi sokudla.
Iziphuzo ezithembekile zama-groove ezingenziwa ngensimbi eyenziwe ngodonga, izinkuni noma ngamapayipi epulasitiki anqunywe ngesiqingatha ubude zithandwa kakhulu. Isilinganiso sobude botshwala yi-2 cm ekhanda ngalinye.
Izinzwa zibekwa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50-60 ukusuka phansi. Kulokhu, amaqanda ngeke abe ngcolile, futhi amaphesenti empi azokwehla, ngokungafani uma izinkukhu zithwalwe phansi.
Izinso kufanele zitholakale ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ezifinyeleleka kalula zokuhlanza nokuqoqa amaqanda. Emthunzini, izinkukhu zizizwa zizolile futhi zithwalwe kahle. Futhi, i-coop yenkukhu inama-perches, asebenza njengendawo yokuphumula kwezinyoni ebusuku.
Ama-Perches asesimweni semigoqo eyenziwe ngokhuni eyindilinga enemiphetho eyindilinga ine-cm engu-4x7 cm.Lawo masayizi avumela inyoni ukuba ibambe iminwe yabo ngaphandle kobuhlungu obungafanele futhi inomthelela ekulaleni okuhle. Ama-Perches akhiwa ngesilinganiso sama-20 cm ekhanda ngalinye, futhi ibanga phakathi kwawo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-35 cm.
Akunconyelwe ukubeka ama-perches ngokuya ngohlobo lwezitebhisi noma amaslayidi, ngoba ngenxa yesifiso sezinyoni ukuthatha izikhundla eziphezulu, ukulwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukulimala ne-peritonitis kungenzeka. Ama-Perches asetwa ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-50-60 kusuka phansi eduze kodonga olubheke ngasefasiteleni lezinkukhu.
Indawo yokuhamba kufanele ibiyelwe ngegridi engu-2 m ukuphakama. Ukuze ube nendlela yokuphuma kuyo, yenza imilobo odongeni lwendlu ukuphakama kuka-10 cm ukusuka phansi. Ubukhulu be-manhole buyi-30x35 cm.
I-Microclimate
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina i-microclimate ethile egumbini. Impilo yezinkukhu, ukukhiqizwa kwazo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokudla ngezindlela eziningi kuncike ezimweni zokushisa, ukukhanya, kanye nomswakama ohlobene.
Naphezu kokukhuthazela kwabo, izinkukhu ze-golosheyny emazingeni okushisa angaphansi entofontofo, amandla azo ngeke asetshenziswe ekwakheni isisindo bukhoma noma ekwakhiweni kweqanda, kodwa ekugcineni ukushisa. Ukubuyisa ukongiwa kwamandla, izinyoni zizodla okuphakelayo okuningi, okuhambisana nezindleko ezingeziwe.
Ngokushisa kwe-1-4 ° C, izinkukhu zizoqhubeka nokujaha, kepha umkhiqizo wazo uzokwehla ngo-15-20%. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlika ku-5 ° C, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuzoma ngokuphelele. Okukhululekile kunazo zonke amanani okushisa ku-coop yenkukhu +5 + 15 ° С. Ngakho-ke, emapulazini amaningi ezinkukhu ngesikhathi esibandayo, izindlu zezinkukhu ziyafudumeza, okwenza sikwazi ukugcina umkhiqizo ephezulu ebusika.
Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme egumbini, izinkukhu ziphelelwe wukudla, ziphuza amanzi amaningi, ziphefumula ngokushesha, zihlale ngemilomo yazo ivulekile futhi amaphiko azo asakazeka. Futhi ngamanani angama-38-40 ° C kungakapheli amahora amabili, inyoni ingafa ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile. Uma izinga lokushisa, kunalokho, lingaphansi kwelejwayelekile, izinyoni ziyagcwala, okungaholela ekufeni ngenxa yokugcwala.
Umswakama ohlobene kufanele ube ngama-60-70%. Ukwakhiwa kwegesi nomoya nokushintshana komoya kunomthelela omuhle ezinkukhu. Inyoni endala ikhipha amalitha amane ekhabhoni dayoksayidi ngosuku. I-Amonia ne-hydrogen sulfide zikhishwa emfucumfucwini nakudoti. Lawa magesi anciphisa ukusebenza kwenyoni, andise impilo yayo nokukhiqiza. Ukuze ugweme le miphumela, kuhlelwa umoya omncane we-ridge. Lolu hlelo luzokuvumela ukuthi unikeze umoya omusha ngaphakathi futhi ususe amagesi alimazayo, umoya omanzi kanye nokushisa ngokweqile.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kwezingoma nako kuthonywa kakhulu isikhathi samahora okukhanya kwelanga. Ekusebenzeni kwezinkukhu, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokukhanyisa ezahlukahlukene. Imodi elula kakhulu yilena elandelayo: kungakhathalekile iminyaka yobudala benyoni nesikhathi sonyaka, isikhathi esiphelele samahora okukhanya kosuku (okwemvelo nokwenziwayo) kufanele kube amahora ayi-15-16 ngosuku.
Ukusetshenziswa kombuso wokukhanya okunjalo kungakhuphula kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kwezinkukhu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izibani zikagesi noma ze-fluorescent enamandla angama-40-60 watts. Ukukhanya okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengezinga le-20 lux (lux). Ukukhanyisa okungaphansi kwama-5 lux akwanele. Izinkukhu zidla futhi ziphuza okuncane, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqiza kanye nokwenyuka kwesisindo bukhoma.
Ukukhanyisa okwedlulele (okungaphezulu kwama-25 lux) kuyingozi ngoba izinyoni ziba nolaka futhi zingaphendukela ku-cannibalism.
Ukuhlanza indlu
Inkukhu yokubulala izinkukhu umsebenzi obalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezinkukhu. Kuyasiza ukuvikela ukukhula kwamagciwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkukhu ziyagula, umkhiqizo wazo uyancipha, futhi amaqanda atheleleka ngamagciwane ayingozi (ngokwesibonelo, i-salmonella noma iProteus). Ukususwa kwenziwa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili ngokulandelana okuqinile, ngemuva kokukhipha izinyoni kupopho yenkukhu:
- Ukuhlanza. Ibhulashi lezinhlanga lisusa amaconsi, izimpaphe, izinsalela zokudla kanye nezingubo zokulala phansi, izimbobo zobuso nezinye izindawo eziphezulu. Okulandelayo, susa udoti ku-coop yenkukhu. Ngalezi zinqubo, kufanele kusetshenziswe imishini yokuvikela umuntu (amagilavu, imaskhi). Lokhu kuzovikela amabhaktheriya nothuli ukungena emzimbeni.
- Ukugeza. Izindonga, phansi, izimbotshana kanye nezidleke kumele zihlanzwe kahle, emva kwalokho igumbi kufanele lome kahle. Izimbumbulu ezikhethekile kufanele zisetshenziswe, ngenxa yokuthi amakhemikhali asendlini anobuthi futhi acasulayo ohlelweni lokuphefumula, olungathinta kabi umkhiqizo wezinkukhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayinazo izindawo ezanele zokubulala amagciwane. Ukucutshungulwa nesixazululo seviniga ye-apula cider ku-3: 2 kuvunyelwe.
- Isikhubekiso Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali neyokuphilayo enezinto zokuthunga isetshenziswa Kulabo abakhethekile, i-Monclavite, i-Bactericide, i-Virocid ithandwa kakhulu. Ungenza amakhambi abantu, ngokwesibonelo:
- i-hydrochloric acid ithululelwa esitsheni esinomphimbo obanzi kanti ne-potanganum permanganate iyathululwa (5: 1). Le ngxube ishiywe kuphekwe inkukhu imizuzu engama-30.
- i-crystalline iodine (20 g nge-20 cubic metres yendlu), i-aluminium powder (1 g enefayili) no-1.5 ml wamanzi abekwe ezitsheni ze-ceramic. I-aluminium chloride izokhuphuka ngesimo sombala onsundu. Misa le ngxube isigamu sehora. Ungaqhuba le nqubo phambi kwenkukhu.
Ngemuva kokubulala amagciwane, indlu kufanele ingene umoya.
Kuyadingeka ukukhumbula ngemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu, njengamagilavu, imaskhi, izibuko, izingubo ezimboze isikhumba.
I-Aviary
Izinkukhu zaseGaloshenny zikhula kahle lapho kuba ne-patio yokuhamba, ngoba zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga. I-aviary iyigumbi elibanzi lohlaka lwamapulangwe, elimbozwe ngetiyela lensimbi elihle. Kuyadingeka ukuyihlomisa eduze ne-coop yenkukhu, kepha kude nezindlela lapho abantu bevame ukuya khona.
Akufanele kube khona izimila eziminyene eduze kwendawo ebiyelwe, ngoba izovala izinyoni elangeni - umthombo we-vitamin D, odingekile kangako empilweni. Ukuze uvikeleke emvuleni engazelelwe, uphahla lufakwa ngamashidi epulasitiki asobala. Akukubi uma utshani bukhula endaweni ebiyelwe, kubalulekile ekudleni okulinganiselayo kwezinkukhu ezi-elk.
Ubungako bendawo ebiyelweko bungabalwa ngesisekelo somthethonqubo - yenkukhu ngayinye, kufanele kube nemitha-skwele ayi-1-2. m isikwele. Ubungako obuvunyelwe bungamamitha ayi-2x7. Uma izinkukhu ziminyene, kungagxiliwa abondli kanye nokucindezelwa okungenakufinyeleleka kuzo, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Kanjani futhi yini ukondla?
Izinkukhu zeGaloshenny zihlukaniswa ngokuzithoba kwazo, ukuzondla kwazo ngeke kudale ezinye izinkinga. Kepha ukwandisa umkhiqizo wabo, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi izondlamzimba zilinganiselwe. Ukuqhubeka kokuphakelwa kokudla okuhlanganisiwe kanye nengxube yezinhlamvu kukodwa kuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwekhono lokukhiqizwa kweqanda kwalolu hlobo lwenkukhu.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwama-noodle kufanele kufake:
- ukhula okusanhlamvu
- imifino ebilisiwe (zucchini, beet, amazambane, ithanga),
- abaxube bemanzi
- imikhiqizo yobisi kanye namavithamini kanye nezithako zeminerals.
Kanye nama-broilers, ngenhloso yokuthola isisindo esisheshayo, lezi zinkukhu kufanele zengeze imvubelo encane kokuphakelayo.
Ukubuyisa umzimba wenyoni nge-calcium, edliwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa kweqanda, kuyadingeka ukucebisa ukudla kwayo ngama-egghells aqhekekile, izikhwebu zommbila, usawoti kanye ne-lime lime.
Okuphoqelekile ukutholakala kwamanzi njalo kwabaphuza.
Izinkukhu zabantu abadala kufanele zondliwe kabili ngosuku. Ekuphakeleni kokuqala (ekuseni ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukukhanya kukhanyiselwe), ungapha imifino kanye nabaxube bemanzi, futhi kusihlwa sesibili (ihora elilodwa nesigamu ngaphambi kokucima ukukhanya) - okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe.Isilinganiso sansuku zonke: i-130 g yokudla iyadingeka inkukhu eyodwa endala enesisindo esingu-2 kg, kuthi ngakunye okulandelayo okungama-250 g wesisindo sezinyoni, kufakwe u-10 g wokusanhlamvu.
Izimfuneko
Ukuze uthole amachwane akhula ngokubopha aboshwe ku-incubator, kufanele uqale ulungiselele indawo efudumele futhi ebiyelwe. Ungasebenzisa ibhokisi elifakelwe ngokhuni elinodonga oluphakeme ngo-40-60 cm.Ibhokisi lifakwa emgqonyeni kadoti, futhi iphepha eligqinsi libekwa phansi kwalo. Ubuningi besibalo kufanele kube ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ukuya kwezi-30 ubudala ezinkukhu ngesikwele 1 m
Ukuze ushise izinkukhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa izibani zikagesi ezinamandla ka-100-150 W noma esikhanyayo esine-mesh yensimbi. Izimo zokushisa ezilandelayo kumele zibhekwe:
- kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-5 - 29-30 ° C,
- kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-6 kuye kweziyi-10 - 26 ° C,
- khona-ke njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu izinga lokushisa lehla ngo-3 ° C lize lifinyelele ku-16-18 ° C.
I-thermometer ifakwe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50 ukusuka phansi.
Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10 zokukhulisa izinkukhu zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwewashi lewashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahora okukhanya kwemini ancishiswa kancane kancane futhi alethwe amahora angama-9 kuya kwezinyanga ezimbili futhi ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqothuka kwesibeletho. Amandla wokukhanya kwamalambu kufanele kube ama-watts angama-3-4 kwisikwele esisodwa. m phansi.
Ngosuku lwe-4-7, iphepha liyasuswa ebhokisini bese lithathelwa udoti. Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3, indawo yokukhula kwentsha kumele ikhule kancane.
Kusukela eminyakeni engu-5 yobudala kuyasiza ukukhipha izinkukhu ekuhambeni, ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esishisayo nesizolile. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu eziphikisayo, aze afike ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala, izilwane ezincane azihambi. Ngokuqukethwe okungalungiswa, amavithamini D2 no-D3 kufanele afakwe ekudleni kwawo ukugwema ama-rickets.
Ungondla kanjani?
Lapho kunokuhlukahluka kokudla, kulungiswa nezinkukhu futhi zikhule kangcono. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, ama-noodle abhekwa njengokudla okuhle amaqanda abiliswe kanzima, ushizi we-cottage shizi, amabele, i-oatmeal, ummbila ophuzi nokolweni oqoshiwe. Ngaphambi kokondla, ikhekhe ushizi namaqanda kungumhlabathi ochobozekile.
Kunconywa ukugcina ngokucophelela uhlelo lokuphaka ngesikhathi. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10 zamachwane ama-cocks hens zidliwa izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku, ngemuva kwenyanga - amahlandla ama-3 ngosuku. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-3, imifino emisha (i-nettle, i-alfalfa, i-clover, njll) kufanele inikezwe, kusukela ngomhla ka-5 - igobolondo, ushalo, inhlanzi nenyama kanye nesidlo samathambo. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-11, kuphekwa isidlo nesidlo, imifino ebilisiwe (amazambane, ama-beet, izaqathe) kunezelwa ekudleni. Ufulawa we-oat ne-kolweni kumele kufafazwe ngesihlungo kuze kube lapho izinkukhu zifinyelela enyangeni yobudala. Ukufinyelela okuqhubekayo kwezilwane ezincane ukuhlanza, amanzi amasha kufanele ahlelwe.
Ukusuka evikini kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ubudala, izikhathi ezi-2 ngeviki isigamu sehora kunconywa ukugcwalisa abaphuzayo ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate (0,1%).
Awusoze ukhule izilwane ezincane zonyaka ofanayo ezigabeni ezifanayo - abantu asebekhulile bangadla izinkukhu kusukela eminyakeni yangaphambi kokuzalwa.
Ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhulisa, izinkukhu zondliwa ngamakamichi amanzi (ingxube echotshoziwe yamabele, amabele, i-oats, i-peas, ibhali) izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngosuku, bese kuthi izikhathi ezingama-2-3. Okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe kudliwa ekuseni nakusihlwa. I-yogog inikezwa ngobumba obuhlukile noma ophuza ngokhuni. Ukudla izakhamzimba emzimbeni wezilwane ezisencane ezingaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingama-60 kukhawulelwa ngokufakwa kokudla okunamafutha ekudleni - imifino, izitshalo ezimpande (kuze kufike ku-25-30 g ngenkukhu ngayinye ngosuku). Kufika ezinyangeni ezine izinkukhu zaseSpain nazo zikhula kahle ekudleni kwe-broiler.
Inqubo yokondla amantshontsho amaqhude azalaniswa kufanele ihlolwe eduze. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amachwane angenamandla awachithwa ku-feeder, ukuze akwazi ukuthola ukugcwala kwe-goiter kuzo zonke izinkukhu ngemuva kokudla. Uma umuntu ehlala elambile, wondla umuntu ngamunye. Konke ukudla okumanzi okufafazwa kususwa ngokushesha ku-feeder ngemuva kokudla.
Izifo zezinkukhu zomlomo wesibeletho, ukuvimbela
Izinkukhu zaseGaloshenny azivamile ukuthintwa yisifo. Ukufa kwezilwane ezincane, njengezinyoni ezindala, kungaphansi kuka-5%.
Izifo eziphambili ezithinta izinkukhu:
- i-pulorosis
- coccidiosis,
- pasteurellosis
- i-salmonellosis
- helminthiasis.
Ukuze unqume lesi sifo ngesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo, kufanele kunikezwe indlela yokuziphatha nasekubukekeni kwama-nappies. Izinkukhu ezigulayo zinesifiso esibi sokudla noma ziyenqaba nokudla. Bahlala bengashukumi emakhoneni ngamehlo abo avalekile, bebopha amakhanda abo ngaphansi kwephiko, abenzi msindo futhi abanyakazeki.
Ukukholwa kwabo kuyaphela, imibimbi, kuthola i-bluish noma i-icteric hue. I-plumage yonakele, ingcolile. Kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane namagciwane, kukhona ukwanda kokushisa kwama -appappe kuya ku-43-44 ° C. Ulwelwesi lwama-mucous lohlelo lokuphefumula luphenduka lubomvu. Le nyoni yenza umsindo we-Wheezing, futhi umiyane unqwabelana emithanjeni yempumulo neyomlomo.
Izifo eziningi zihambisana nokugayeka. I-fluff ezungeze i-cesspool ingcolile, okwenza kube nzima ukususa udoti.
Kunezimo zokuphazamiseka kwemizwa: ukukhubazeka, ukhubazeka, ukuqaqamba, ikhanda.
Lapho lezi zibonakaliso zivela ezinkukhu ze-golosheyny, kufanele zikhishwe ngokushesha kwinkukhu yenkukhu futhi zazise udokotela wezilwane.
Izindlela ezilandelayo zokuvimbela izosiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngezifo ezinkulu ezingenzeka:
- udinga ukuhlala uhlanzekile emangeni enkukhu,
- ngezikhathi ezithile zifeze i-deratization (ukuqothulwa kwamagundane - okuyizithwala eziphambili zezifo namazeze),
- goma imigomo yokuvimbela
- ahlinzeke izinyoni ngokudla okunempilo nokunakekelwa okufanele.