I-Hummingbird - Iqembu lezinyoni ezingajwayelekile, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-330. Babelwe ngokulandelana kweHummingbird. Amasw swides asondele kuma-hummingbirds ngokuhlelekile, ngawo ngaphambili ahlanganiswa aba yiqembu elilodwa.
I-Hummingbird idume ngosayizi wayo omncane kakhulu: ubude bezinhlobo eziningi zilingana ngamasentimitha ambalwa, isisindo esingu-2-4 g, ngisho nezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke - i-hummingbird enkulu - inobude obungama-20 cm, okuthi uhhafu wawo umsila. Lezi yizinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke futhi enye yama-vertebrates amancane kunazo zonke. Izilinganiso zomzimba weHummingbird zifana nama-passerines: ikhanda eliphakathi nendawo, intamo emfushane, amaphiko amade. Kepha imilenze yabo imfushane futhi ibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni zokushibilika, ukwakheka komlomo nomsila kuyehluka kakhulu. Uqhwaku lungahunyushwa ngokufishane, lube mude nge-awl noma lugxishwe ngokuqinile ku-arc. Umsila uvame ukufushane, usikwe ngendlela engafanele, kwesinye isikhathi ubude noma imfoloko. Amapheya alezi zinyoni mancane, izimpaphe ziqiniswe ngokuqinile esikhunjeni. Amapulangwe e-Hummingbird aqukethe yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka, yize uhlobo ngalunye lomuntu alunombala ogqamile njengopholi, ngokwesibonelo. Izimpaphe zeHummingbird zinesinye isici esijabulisayo - zihlobisa ngokwehlukile isigameko esikhanyayo kuzo ngokwahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, umbala wengxenye eyodwa nengxenye efanayo yomzimba ungashintsha, kuye ngokuthi ulibheka ngasiphi uhlangothi - kufanelekile i-hummingbird ukuguqula ikhanda kanye nombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogqamile ngomlilo onsomi. Shono lezi nyoni zibizwa ngokuthi ubucwebe obunemibala!
Izici zezindiza
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ama-hummingbirds angahlala emagatsheni, awashaye ngezihlakala zawo, futhi awakwazi ukuhamba phansi.
Kepha lezi zinyoni cishe azizidingi i-paws, ngoba zichitha iningi lempilo yazo zindiza. Indlela yokuhamba kwalezi zinyoni ihlukile. Iqiniso ngukuthi endizeni ye-hummingbird asikho isigaba sokuhamba noma ukuhlela, lapho inyoni ihamba ngamaphiko ayeluliwe. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-hummingbird ahlala eshaya amaphiko awo emafrikhwishini afinyelela kumakhulu ayi-100 ngomzuzwana! Le ndlela yokuhamba idinga inani elikhulu lamandla. Ukuqhathanisa, kwanele ukusho ukuthi uma umuntu ebengazuzisa izandla zakhe ngejubane elinjalo, umzimba wakhe ubengafudumeza aze afike emazingeni okushisa angama-400 ° C! Ama-Hummingbirds anezinto eziningi zamadivayisi zokunciphisa izindleko zamandla. Okokuqala, emaphikweni uqobo, amathambo ahlangana ukuze iphiko lenze indiza eyodwa futhi nomthamo wakhona wokuqina uyanda.
Ukuphephe amaphiko anjalo, i-hummingbird ikhuphusile ukuhamba kokuqina kwehlombe. Okwesibili, i-hummingbird inenhliziyo enkulu futhi ithatha i-40-50% yevolumu yomzimba! Izinga le-metabolic lalezi zinyoni liphezulu kakhulu, ukuze baphile, baphoqelelwa ukuthi badle njalo.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni zohlobo lwe-hummingbird zihlala ezweni elisha. Lezi zinyoni ziye zafinyelela ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kakhulu eNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, eNyakatho Melika zitholakala engxenyeni yayo eseningizimu kuphela. Okuwukuphela kwembala yi-hummingbird enamachaphaza abomvu, ohlobo lwayo lufika ezintabeni zaseRocky naseCanada. Ngokuqondene nokuphila ezimweni ezinzima, lolu hlobo lwendiza lwenza izindiza ezithile zonyaka eziya eMexico - ngesikhathi sendiza, izinyoni zimboza ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-4000-5000! Ijubane lisiza ukunqoba ibanga elikhulu kangako le-hummingbirds, ngoba le mvuthuluka indiza ngejubane elingafika ku-80 km / h. Izinhlobo ezisele ziboshwe. Zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni zohlobo lwe-hummingbird zihlala kuphela emahlathini. Uhla lwezinhlobo ezithile lungalinganiselwa kakhulu (izinhlobo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi yi-endemic).
Indlela yokuphila
Izintokazi ezingamaHummingb zihlala zodwa. Lezi yizinyoni ezihamba phambili ezihlala zindiza zifuna ukudla. Zisebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi ebusuku ... Iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa yokudla okusheshayo, ubusuku be-hummingbirds bulingana namasonto amaningana okuphila komuntu. Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle kokudla kwama-hummingbirds ngeke, ngakho-ke, ngokufika kokuhlwa, lezi zinyoni ziwele odakeni, okufana nokuqhathaniswa nobusika bamabhere. Ngesikhathi sokuqina, i-hummingbird pulse yehlisa ijubane, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehle lize ku-17-21 ° C. Ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga, "ubuhle bokulala" bufudumele buze buphila.
Umsoco
Ngenxa yezidingo zamandla aphezulu, ama-hummingbird athuthukise ukwanda kusengaphambili kwe-gastronomic. Lezi zinyoni zidla kuphela umpe kanye nempova yezitshalo. Lokhu kudla kunama-carbohydrate, kepha kuphansi ngamaprotheni. AmaHummingbird adla izinambuzane ezincane ukwenza isidingo samaprotheni. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlobo lwe-hummingbird zithanda umpe wezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ezinye izinhlobo zikhetheke kakhulu kangangokuba zingadla kuphela ezitshalweni zohlobo olufanayo! Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi ukwakheka komlomo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene kuya ngokuthi. AmaHummingbird aqabula kakhulu futhi adla izikhathi ezingama-2 inani lokudla ngosuku.
Ukuzala
Ama-hummingbirds aseNyakatho azalela ehlobo, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo - unyaka wonke. Owesilisa uvikela isiza sakhe ngenkuthalo, kodwa anciphise ukunakekelwa kokuzala ngokuzala nowesifazane, eminye imisebenzi iwela emahlombe akhe. Insikazi yakha isidleke somoya kusuka ezinhlakeni ezinhle kakhulu zotshani, noboya ngisho nakwa-cobwebs. Isidleke sitholakala emaphethelweni amancanyana wamagatsha angatholakali kulabo abadla izihlahla, kwesinye isikhathi sinamathiselwe ngamaqabunga nezinye izinto ezifanele. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2 amancane (isisindo seqanda elincane kunazo zonke yi-2 mg!) Bese iwafukamela izinsuku eziyishumi nane. Wondla amachwane aqwetshulwe umpe, ancanyelwa uqhwaku lwawo bese uhanjiswa esidlekeni. Kwenzeka ukuthi amaphuphu alindele ukuthi umama abalele obishini lokulamba. Owesifazane obuyile uyehlisa ijubane futhi aziphange ngokoqobo, ngoba impilo yomuntu we-hummingbird incike kakhulu ekudleni. Amakati akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ashiye isidleke ngezinsuku ezingama-20-25.
Izinsongo zokuba khona
Emvelweni, ama-hummingbird aba izisulu zezinyoka zezihlahla nama-tarantulas, alala phakathi kokuluhlaza okotshani. Umuntu uphinde waba nesandla ekubhujisweni kwalezi zinyoni ezinhle. Akunandaba ukuthi izwakala ihlekisa kanjani, ama-hummingbird amayini anezimpaphe ezingabonakali. Ngisho nokushushumbisa okuncane kusongele ukuba khona kwezinhlobo zonke zezilwane, ngoba izinhlobo eziningi ze-hummingbb zinobubanzi obuqine kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zingagcinwa ekuthunjweni, kepha udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zikwazi ukufinyelela ngokuqhubekayo ekudleni okunempilo. I-hummingbird ebulawa yindlala ngokushesha iba buthaka, iyeke ukuhamba, futhi ngokuzama izama ukufudumala ngokumboza umzimba wayo omncane ngamaphiko.
Ukubuka kuqala:
I-Olympiad “Umfundi Wekhulu Lama-21: Ukufundwa kwezincwadi
- Sebenza ngombhalo womsebenzi (ukufundwa kwe-semantic).
- Funda umsebenzi. Qedela imisebenzi embhalweni.
Ekuthuleni okukhulu, i-taiga iyaqhuma. Emigqokeni eqhweni enamaphiramidi abukhali, kuvela ama-spruces aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Shaggy hoarfrost emboze izihlahla. Kuthulekile ehlathini, futhi ngosuku olucace kangaka, olungenamimoya noma yikuphi ukugqwala kuzwakala. Kuzwakala ikhwela elincane, elikhudlwana kunokucwila komiyane, nokugqwala kuzwakala emagatsheni aminyene. I-silhouette yenyoni encane yakhanya phakathi kwezinaliti, impuphu ebabazekayo efafazwe emthini.
Le Kinglet iyinyoni encane kunazo zonke ezweni lethu. Le yi-hummingbird yethu. Wonke amathoni aluhlaza okotshani, onomqhele wegolide ebonakalayo ngokusobala ngokusebenzisa ama-binoculars ekhanda lakhe.
Kulesi sici esigqokeni, abantu babiza inkosi yezinyoni ezincane. Akafikanga kumakhosi amakhulu.
Abantu bahamba inganekwane enjalo. Izinyoni zanquma ukukhetha njengenkosi yazo ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwakho konke ezulwini. Abanye basuka nje ngenhla kwehlathi, abanye baphakeme, kepha akekho owaba namandla okuncintisana okhozi. Wenyuka ngokuziqhenya ezintabeni endaweni engenakufinyeleleka. Futhi lapho eqiniseka ukuthi akekho umuntu ongandiza ngaphezu kwakhe, wanquma ukucwila emhlabathini. Futhi ngalowo mzuzu inyoni encane yagxuma ivela ngaphansi kwephiko layo, futhi, ngesibindi yashwibeka isibheke phezulu, inyibilika:
Ukukhohlisa kwembulwa ngemuva kwalokho, futhi ukhozi lwamukelwa njengenkosi yezinyoni. Unogwaja omncane wabizwa ngokuthi inkosi.
Ngiyazibuza ukuthi ingane enje, enomzimba omncane kakhulu wamagremu amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha, ingena kanjani kumakhaza amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlabelela nangama-degree angama-40 ngaphansi kwe-zero. Amakhosi agcinwa emihlambini emahlathini ase-spruce-fir. Ngendlela yokuphila, basondelene ne-tits. Amakhosi aselula kakhulu futhi akhathali ngokungakhathali usuku lonke ngezinaliti eziwugqinsi, eshaya ihlumela ngalinye lapho efuna ukudla. Ngobuhlakani be-acrobatic, le ngane ithatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene futhi, igoqa izinambuzane ezithile, iphinde icashe phakathi kwenaliti. Kwesinye isikhathi, uma ibhabha, iyema emoyeni ibheke ngasekupheleni kwegatsha, bese ishesha amaphiko ayo, ibheke isisulu sayo.
Izinzuzo zamahlathi avela enkosini ziyabonakala kakhulu. Ehlobo, i-kinglet eyodwa ibulala izinambuzane ezincane eziyizigidi ezine nezibungu zazo. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, amakhosi avakashela amahlathi amakhulu nezingadi ezigcwele kanye ne-titmouse. Le ngane idla ezihlahleni ezinde zemisipres, ilenga isidleke esiyindilinga ngomnyango oseceleni kwelinye lamagatsha aphezulu. Isidleke sincane (usayizi webhola le-tennis), lifihlwe ngokuphepha futhi kunzima kakhulu ukulithola. Ku-clutch - kusuka kwabamhlophe abayisithupha kuya kwabayisishiyagalombili ngabamhlophe ngamaqabunga abomvu ansundu amaqanda amancane.
I-Korolek iyakhohliseka kalula, ijwayela umuntu ngokushesha, ayizondli futhi ibamba ithunjwa kalula.
- Iyiphi inyoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Far Eastern Hummingbird?
Izimpawu Zangaphandle ze-Hummingbird emnyama enomsila - I-Plume Bear
Amasayizi abesilisa be-hummingbird-plum-beiler omnyama-afinyelela ku-18 -25 cm, 11-18 cm ngomsila ngamunye. Isisindo ngama-gramu ayi-5.1 - 5.3. Izinsikazi ezimnyama ezinomsila omnyama zingaphansi kuka-13 cm cm.
I-Hummingbird enomsila omnyama (i-Plumeria) (i-Lesbia victoriae).
Izimpaphe zomsila zakhiwa izimpaphe ezinde zomsila ezinde ngombala omnyama ezinemiphetho emincane ecwebezelayo yethusi. Umsila wabesilisa abane-notch ejulile. Izimpiko zincanyana ngokuqhathaniswa nomsila. Abesifazane banomsila omfushane.
Imikhakha ye-Hummingbird emnyama enomsila - I-Plumebearer
Ama-lesbians anomsila omnyama ahlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo noma asezindaweni ezishisayo, izintaba eziphakeme zindawo ezishisayo e-Andes, kanye nezindawo ezonakaliswe kakhulu. Inwebeka ezimweni ezintabeni eziphakeme ze-Andean. Lolu hlobo lwe-hummingbird lutholakala emaphethelweni amahlathi, emithambekeni yezintaba ezimbozwe izihlahlana, ezingadini nakwezinye izindawo ezivulekile.
AmaHummingbird loopers ahlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo.
Izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke ze-hummingbird njengoba ziphila endle.
Cishe wonke umuntu wezwa ngale nyoni encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni - i-hummingbird. Omncane kulo mndeni unesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-1,6 - 1,8 kuphela. Kepha kukhona imidondoshiya, engamasentimitha angama-20 ubude.
Lezi zidlakudla zihlala ikakhulu eWestern Hemisphere, iningi lazo lihlala esidlekeni saseAmazon, ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zaze zafika e-Alaska. AmaHummingbird ahlala emahlathini nasezintabeni, amathafa ngisho nogwadule. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zivame kuphela lapho kukhula khona izimbali, lapho uqhwaku lwentambo lwalumukiswa khona.
Njengoba ama-hummingbirds edla kakhulu, aseseshweni yaphakade "yokudla umkhombe". Futhi banokuningi ukudla okudingekayo ukuze balondoloze izinga lokushisa lomzimba kanye nemetabolism ethuthukisiwe. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ngosuku badla kabili isisindo sabo kabili. Zidlela umpe nezinambuzane ezincane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinyoni azihlali kulezi zimbali, zindizela phezulu kubo, zinamathela olimini lwazo olude, zigoqiwe kushubhu bese zikhipha umpe, uma kukhona izimpukane nezicabucabu zingena kuwo, zizitholela nje nazo. Ziphinde zidlule lapho zidla khona izidleke, zondla amantshontsho, zidonsa umpe kusuka eluqhweni lwazo ziye kuqhwaku lwenkukhu.
Lapho indiza, ama-hummingbird acijiza amaphiko awo ngokungathi, abhala isibalo emoyeni. Izinyoni ezimbalwa, lapho ziguquka kakhulu, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingane ezimangalisayo zingandiza zibuyele emuva, okuwukuphela kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ngenxa yamapheya akhanyayo anemibala, abantu babhubhisa kakhulu ama-hummingbirds. Manje kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10 ze-hummingbirds ezibhalwe ku-Red Book.
Impilo yomndeni wakwaHummingbird nayo iyingqayizivele, ayenzi imibhangqwana, izinsikazi zihlela isidleke "somndeni" ngezinto ezithambile, ngokwesibonelo, ama-cobwebs. Izindlebe zincane kakhulu, njengama-walnuts, futhi makhulu, njengenhloko yengane. Owesilisa akabambi iqhaza emfundweni yezingane, kodwa uvikela insimu, axoshe abancintisana naye.
Into emangalisa kakhulu futhi eyingqayizivele ukuthi ama-hummingbirds aguqula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wawo, ngenkathi indiza ikhuphuka ifika kuma-40 degrees, ebusuku zonke izinyoni zivame ukuhlala emagatsheni futhi izinga lokushisa lemizimba yazo lehle ngokushesha libe ngama-20 degrees. Ngakho-ke bangachitha amahora angama-15 kuye kwangama-20. Inhliziyo enamandla kakhulu ye-hummingbird ehlala ingxenye yomzimba wayo futhi iphindwe kathathu ubukhulu besisu.
Ekuthunjweni, ngokuntuleka kokudla, i-hummingbird iwele phansi, icwengeke ibe yinhlama bese iba ndikindiki, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa omzimba wawo ehla. "Ukuvuselela" inyoni, kwanele ukufudumeza noma ukuyondla.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-Hummingbird emnyama enomsila
Amapayipi amnyama enomsila omnyama we-hummingbird akuyona eyezinhlobo zezinyoni ezisongela ubuningi bomhlaba wonke. Ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, lezi zinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Kuvikelwe yi-CITES (Isithasiselo II). Muva nje, indawo yokuhlala ibilokhu icekela phansi ngenxa yokushabalala kwamahlathi ngenxa yemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu.
Ubuntu bokuziphatha kwe-hummingbird enomsila omnyama - ophethe i-plume carriers
Abaqeqetshi be-hummingbird abamnyama-bahola indlela yokuphila bebodwa ngaphandle kokuzalela. Abesilisa babandakanyeka enqubweni yokuzala kuphela yokuzalelana nowesifazane. Azithuthi ngamaphakethe futhi azakhi ngazimbili ezingapheli. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, ama-hummingbird besilisa aheha izintombi ezinemibala ngokundiza, ebhala iphethini ngesimo sencwadi u-U phambi kowesifazane.
Isibalo samaphiko esikhumba se-hummingbird sifinyelela izikhathi ezingama-50 ngomzuzwana.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokukhwelana, owesilisa umshiya lapho eyalethela abanye besikazi. Kukho konke amathuba, izinsikazi zibuye zishade nabesilisa abaningana. Abesilisa abahlanganyeli ekukhetheni indawo esidlekeni, ekwakheni isidleke nasekuphakamiseni amaphuphu. Abesilisa banamathela endaweni ethile yokudla. Bazigada ngokuphelele izitshalo ezitholayo eziqhakaza izimbali, baxosha abanye abesilisa ngenkani, kanye nabancintisana nabo ekudleni - izinambuzane ezinkulu ezinjengamaqhuqhuva kanye namasela.
Amaduna ahlala endiza emngceleni wesayithi, evikela indawo yawo. Ukuhamba ngendiza okuphezulu kutholakala ngemvamisa ephezulu yokufofazwa kwe-hummingbird, cishe izikhathi ezingama-50 ngomzuzwana.
AmaHummingbird eshaya amaphiko awo hhayi ngokuqondile, kepha ngokuqondile, okuvumela izinyoni ukundiza umsila kuqala futhi “emaceleni”.