Ezwenikazi elikhulu, lapho izwe legama elifanayo litholakala khona, kunezindawo zesimo sezulu eziningana:
- Subequatorial enyakatho
- Isikhungo esishisayo
- Iseningizimu engaseningizimu
- Tasmania elinganiselayo.
Ngakho-ke, isimo sezulu sase-Australia sincike ngqo ezindaweni zalo.
Enyakatho yezwe, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lisukela ku-22 liye ku-24 degrees Celsius. Lapho, imvula ephezulu kakhulu yonyaka iwa - cishe i-1,500 mm. Izifunda zasenyakatho zithambekele ekushayaneni kwehlobo ehlobo, kanti ubusika enyakatho buyindawo eyomile.
Empumalanga nasenkabeni ye-Australia, kunesimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa eSydney liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-11 liye ku-13 degrees. Ehlobo enhlokodolobha, ukushisa okulinganiselayo kufinyelela kuma-25 degrees.
Entshonalanga, izindawo ezishisayo zase-Australia ziba ezomile, zenze ugwadule nezitebhisi ezingamakhulu amakhilomitha. Eningizimu yezwe kunomswakama ebusika futhi womile ehlobo, izinga lokushisa likaJuni lifinyelela ku-14-15 degrees Celsius.
Isiqhingi saseTasmania sithonywa isimo sezulu esifudumele. Awukho umswakama ophakeme noma ukushisa okukhulu, kepha kubanda kakhulu ebusika kunezwekazi uqobo. Isimo sezulu saseTasmania sifana nezimo zezulu zaseBrithani.
Ibhande le-Subequatorial
Engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi, kunesimo sezulu esivumayo. Leli bhande libonakaliswa ngu:
- lokushisa eliphansi (kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda)
- imvula enkulu
- imimoya enamandla.
Ihlobo ezwenikazi liqala ngoDisemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Ukushisa komoya okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke ngalesi sikhathi akuvamile ukukhuphuka ngaphezu komaki wama-+28 degrees. Amanzi olwandle afudumele aze afike ku-+30 ° C phakathi nosuku. Ehlobo, kunetha kakhulu imvula. Kwesinye isikhathi izinga labo lingafinyelela ku-2000 mm. Lesi sici singenxa yomoya oqhubekayo we-monsoon. Kuvame ukuna ngokuduma kwezulu.
Ubusika enyakatho ye-Australia bufudumele futhi bomile kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ligcinwa emzileni + 22- + 24 ° C. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi - +25 degrees. Akukho mvula. Ebusika, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinsuku ezinelanga liwa.
Intwasahlobo engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe nayo iyomile futhi ifudumele. Novemba ubhekwa njengenyanga efudumele kunazo zonke onyakeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lomoya lifudumala lifinyelela kuma-+33 degrees. Ukunqabula kwenzeka ngamanani amancane futhi kungakapheli ingxenye yesibili yesizini.
I-Autumn ebhande elingaphansi kwe-equatorial lase-Australia, njengehlobo, libonakala ngesimo sezulu esinethayo nesifudumele. Ukushisa okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke kungama-degrees + 26. Amanzi afudumeza aze afike ku-+ 28 ° C. Iningi lezinsuku ezinamafu nezinethayo ziba ngoMashi nasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Ibhande leTropiki
ICentral Australia ingaphansi kwethonya lesimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo. Ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ezimanzi nezomile.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo sibonisa ingxenye engasempumalanga yezwe. Yakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lamaza amakhulu omoya aphethe umswakama ovela Olwandlekazi iPacific. Le ndawo yesimo sezulu ibonakala nenani elikhulu lezulu kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo.
Isikhathi esifudumele sonyaka esifundeni esinezimo sezulu ezifudumele ezishisayo sithathwa njengehlobo. Ukushisa komoya ngalesi sikhathi kukhuphukela kuma-degrees angama-+ 28 phakathi nosuku + no-21 degrees ebusuku. Amanzi afudumeza aze afike ku-ntofontofo + 25- + 26 ° C. Ukunanzelela kuyinto eningi. Ngokwesilinganiso, kunezinsuku zemvula ezi-5-6 ngesizini.
Ubusika buphawulwa isimo sezulu esipholile futhi kwesinye isikhathi esinemvula. I-thermometer ngalesi sikhathi akuvamile ukukhuphuka ngenhla kwama-degree angu-20. Amanzi afinyelela ezingeni elifanayo. Izulu eliningi liwela ngoJuni.
Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, izimo zezulu zicishe zifane. Amazinga okushisa ansuku zonke ayi-+25 ° C, ubusuku - + 17 ° C. Ukunanzelela akukuningi. Izinsuku ezingama-3-4 zemvula zehla inyanga.
Izingxenye ezisenkabeni nasentshonalanga yezwekazi libonakala ngesimo sezulu esomile esishisayo. Iningi lale nsimu lihlala ogwadule nakuma-desertert, ngakho-ke kuvame ukushisa kakhulu futhi komile lapha.
Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya kulesi sifunda alizi ngaphansi kuka-40 ° C. Ebusuku, ukushisa kwehla kancane, futhi i-thermometer yehla yaya ku + 26 ° C. Ngaso leso sikhathi, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezimvula liwela - 30-35 mm ngenyanga.
Ubusika esifundeni esinezimo sezulu ezomile ezishisayo buncane. Amazinga okushisa nsuku zonke angama-degrees angu-1818. Lapho sekuhlwa, inkomba yehlela ku-1010 C. Akukho kwezulu.
Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, isimo sezulu esifundeni sifudumele futhi somile. Ukuphela kwenyanga inyanga yokuqala yentwasahlobo, lapho kudlula khona izimvula ezinamandla eziningana. Ukushisa komoya kwasemini kokujwayelekile okuguquguqukayo kuzungeze + ama-29- + 30 degrees. Ebusuku, i-thermometer igcina emzileni +18 degrees.
Isimo sezulu i-Australia
Izwekazi eliluhlaza lihlukile kuyo yonke into. Izimo zesimo sezulu ezakhiwe yimvelo zikuvumela ukuthi ujabulele iholide lakho unyaka wonke. I-Australia indawo eyomhlaba eyomile kunayo yonke emhlabeni, kepha ngenxa yezindawo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, kuvezwa izimo zezemvelo ezinhlobonhlobo lapha - kusuka ogwadule kuya ogwini lolwandle, kusuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya eziqongweni ezigcwele iqhwa, kusuka esimweni sezulu esishisayo sesiqhingi saseTasmania kuya ekushiseni kogwadule kwengxenye ephakathi yezwekazi.
U-fig. 1. Imephu ye-Australia.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-Australia itholakala endaweni eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, izinkathi zonyaka lapha zibonakaliswa eNyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Ubusika base-Australia babizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sesomiso.
Ibhande langaphansi kwesifunda
Isimo sezulu esingasendaweni yonke sibusa engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi futhi sihlanganisa cishe ingxenye yesithathu yayo yonke insimu. Ingahlukaniswa ngombandela ngama-subtypes amathathu ahlukene:
- izwekazi
- IMedithera
- kunomswakama ongaphansi komhlaba.
Isimo sezulu selizwekazi sibonisa ingxenye engaseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe. Ihlanganisa insimu yeNew South Wales nengxenye ye-Adelaide.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa ukushintshwa okubukhali kokushisa ngokuya ngesizini. Isikhathi efudumele sonyaka ehlobo. Esikhathini esisuka kuZibandlela kuya kuFebhuwari, izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuka libe umaki wama-degree angama-+ 27 phakathi nosuku +15 ebusuku. Inesizini eshisayo nenani elikhulu lemvula. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-50-55 mm wemvula awa minyaka yonke.
Ubusika ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi buyabanda futhi bomile. Ngenyanga eyodwa, njengomthetho, akukho ngaphezu kwe-30-35 mm yezulu elehla. Amazinga okushisa nsuku zonke agcinwa emawodini +10 ° C. Ebusuku, i-thermometer ayivami ukukhuphuka ngenhla kwe +4 ° C.
I-Autumn ibonakala ngesimo sezulu esomile nesifudumele. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka inani elincane kakhulu lezulu liwela. Izinga lokushisa lasemini phakathi nosuku ligcina emigudwini + 18- + 20 degrees, ebusuku - + 8- + 10 ° C.
Intwasahlobo ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu esikhona ezwenikazi lonke sinesimo sezulu esifudumele. Umoya usuvele ufudumele ngokufika ku-20- + 22 ° C phakathi nosuku kanye + 7- + 9 ° C ebusuku. Izinyanga ezimbili zokuqala zentwasahlobo zisomile, kanti ngoNovemba ngaphezulu kwezimvula ezingama-60 zawa.
Isimo sezulu esingaphansi kweMedithera sikhona eningizimu nentshonalanga ye-Australia. Kufudumele kancane kunasempumalanga, futhi umehluko wokushisa awukhali kangako.
Ehlobo, i-thermometer kulesi sifunda ayivamile ukwehla ngaphansi kwama-degrees + 30 phakathi nosuku +18 ebusuku. Amanzi afudumeza aze afike ku-+ 21- + 23 ° C ngokuqinile. Isimangalo empeleni asiweli, okuyi-atypical impela kulesi sikhathi sonyaka e-Australia. Ngokwesilinganiso, aludluli usuku olunye lwemvula ngosuku ngalunye lwehlobo.
Ubusika esifundeni esinezimo zezulu zaseMedithera bubonakala njengemvula nebandayo. Amazinga okushisa nsuku zonke ebusika angama-degrees angu-17. Ngobusuku, inkomba yehlela kumaki ka + 10 ° C. Isizini yonke, kufika ku-300 mm yezulu elehla. Inyanga edlula kunazo zonke ngu-Agasti.
I-Autumn, njengehlobo, imile futhi ifudumele. Amazinga okushisa agcinwa ku + 26 ° C phakathi nosuku + 17 ° C ebusuku. Amanzi afudumeza aze afike ku + 22 ° C. Izulu eliningi liwela ngoMeyi - kufika ku-50 mm.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, izinga lokushisa esifundeni lenyuka laya ku-23 ° C. Amanzi olwandle afinyelela ku- + 19 ° C. Ukuqonda kusesilinganisweni. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezinsuku zemvula ngoSepthemba.
Isimo sezulu esiphansi sendawo enomswakama sibonisa izifunda ezisempumalanga ngokwedlulele. Kuyahlukahluka cishe kwezulu lokufana nje kulo nyaka.
Ehlobo nasekwindla, okushisa komoya okujwayelekile kungama- + 26 ° C phakathi nosuku kanye + no-20 ° C ebusuku. Amanzi asuka ogwini afudumala afinyelela ku-2323 degrees. Imvula ejwayelekile ngenyanga ingu-55-60 mm.
Intwasahlobo esifundeni ifudumele. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nenyanga lizungeze + 20 ° C. Amanzi asevele efudumele ngokuqinile aze afike ku-+19 degrees. Izimvula eziningi ziba ngoNovemba.
Ubusika buvame ukuna. Kakade ngenyanga yokuqala yasebusika, ngaphezu kwe-80 mm yezulu kwehla. Izinga lokushisa liyi + 17 ° C phakathi nosuku + no-11 ° C ebusuku. Amanzi afudumeza aze afike ku- + 16 ° C.
Izindawo zesimo sezulu zase-Australia
I-Australia ithonywa yizindawo ezintathu zesimo sezulu:
- subequatorial
- ezishisayo
- -ngaphansi komhlaba
Ngenxa yendawo ethize, izindawo zezulu zase-Australia ziyahlukahluka kakhulu.
Ithiphu elisenyakatho yezwekazi liphethwe yibhande lesimo sezulu se-subequatorial. Lapha unyaka wonke, amazinga okushisa aphakeme agcinwa futhi inani elikhulu lemvula liyawa. Ihlobo limanzi kakhulu futhi lomile ebusika.
Ogwini lwePacific neziqhingi zeGreat Barrier Reef, isimo sezulu simswakama.
Ogwini lwaseNtshonalanga lwalelizwekazi, izimo zezulu zilula kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yethonya lamanzi olwandle.
Indawo enabantu abaningi kakhulu ibuswa isimo sezulu sezindawo zaseMedithera. Kubonakaliswa yihlobo elishisayo nelomile nelinebusika.
Esiqhingini saseTasmania, izinga lokushisa lasehlobo liyi-20- + 22, ebusika ama-degree ambalwa.
Idatha enembayo engaphezulu yezindawo zezulu zezwekazi ingatholwa etafuleni eliwumfanekiso, elichaza ngokucacile ukubekwa kwendawo.
Igama le-Belt | Izinsimbi zomoya | Isilinganiso sokushisa | Isimanga | |||||
Ebusika | Ehlobo | Janawari | Julayi | Isizini yokuwa | ||||
I-Subequatorial | I-Equatorial | I-tropical | +24 | +24 | Ihlobo | 1000-2000 | ||
I-tropical Izindawo ezimbili: 1. Imvula, isimo sezulu esomile empumalanga 2. Isimo sezulu esomile entshonalanga | ||||||||
Ezansi Izindawo ezintathu: 1. Isimo sezulu saseMedithera eningizimu-ntshonalanga 2. Isimo sezulu sasezingxenyeni eziphakathi nendawo 3. Isimo sezulu esinomswakama eningizimu-mpumalanga | I-tropical | Elinganiselayo | ||||||
Elinganiselayo cishe. ITasmania | Elinganiselayo | Elinganiselayo | +18 | +14 | Kuwo wonke unyaka | 2000 |
U-fig. 2. Imephu yezindawo zezulu zase-Australia.
I-Australia inothile emanzini asenkabeni yezimbiza zobuciko: kukhona cishe aba-15 kubo.
Okudume kakhulu yiLarge Artesian Basin. Siyidamu lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphansi komhlaba, okungelesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Owokuqala yiWest Siberian, eseRussia.
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asesigodini sase-Australia anosawoti omncane. Ukwakheka kwabo kwamakhemikhali kunqume ubukhulu bokusetshenziswa komswakama obalulekile ezwenikazi lonke. Zisetshenziswa kwezolimo emapulazini ezimvu.
Ungajwayelana nezimo zezulu lase-Australia ngokuningiliziwe uma unaka imephu ebonakalayo yezwekazi.
U-fig. 3. Imephu ebonakalayo yezwe.
Kuyo ungabona impumuzo futhi ujwayelane ne-hydrography yezwe.
Yini esiyifundile?
Okusuka kokubhaliwe kwe-geography (Ibanga lesi-7) sifunde lapho kutholakala khona izindawo ezisesimweni sezulu i-Australia. Sifunde ukuthi izwekazi eliluhlaza ligcwele emanzini asenkabeni. Bakucacisile ubukhulu bamanzi la nokuthi kungani la manzi esetshenziswa kuphela embonini ethile yezolimo. Sifunde ukuthi i-Great Artesian Basin ingelesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nezwekazi
I-Australia yizwe elingumkhawulo lokuqhathanisa. Itholakala ngokuphelele kwi-Southern Hemisphere. Ebusika, lapho kuba nesithwathwa neqhwa, ukushisa kubusa lapho, kodwa ehlobo, izinga lokushisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, liyancipha. Inyama ye-Kangaroo e-Australia idliwa esikhundleni sewundlu kanye nenyama yenkomo. Ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu esomile, kuneqhwa eliningi ezintabeni njengoba likhona kulo lonke elaseSwitzerland. Abantu bomdabu base-Australia baziwa ukuthi bayinzalo yeziboshwa, kepha ngokwezakhi zofuzo lokhu akubathinti ngandlela thile. Leli lizwe ngomunye wemithetho ogcina kakhulu.
Insimu yezwekazi ngu-7 692 024 km². Isamba siyizigidi ezingama-24.13 (kusukela ngonyaka we-2016). Inhlokodolobha yesifundazwe segama elifanayo yiCanberra. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha amakhulu yiSydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth. Ngakho-ke, kukuziphi izindawo zesimo sezulu i-Australia enkulu etholakala kuzo futhi iyini incazelo yegama elithi "isimo sezulu"?
Yiziphi izingxenye zesimo sezulu i-Australia etholakala kuzo?
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesimo sezulu:
- subequatorial (enyakatho),
- indawo eshisayo (eseningizimu yezwekazi),
- subtropical (Central Australia).
Isiqhingi saseTasmania singafakwa ohlwini, njengoba siyindawo yase-Australia. Isimo sezulu lapha sinomoya opholile. Manje cabanga ngamunye wabo ngemininingwane eminingi.
Isimo sezulu esisesifundeni sase-Australia
Kukuyiphi indawo lapho i-Australia itholakala eningizimu? Kukhona ibhande elilodwa elingaphansi, kepha lihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu.
Izwekazi - isimilo sengxenye eseningizimu yezwe, kepha ifinyelela empumalanga ethe xaxa, endaweni ezungeze i-Adelaide, iye ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga zeNew South Wales. Inomthamo omncane wemvula nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinkathi zonyaka. Ihlobo selomile futhi liyashisa, ubusika buyabanda. Izulu lonyaka kuyinto 500-600 mm. Le ndima ishiywe kakhulu ngenxa yokude ezweni.
Isimo sezulu iMedithera e-Australia sibonisa iningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-23. +27 ° C, kanti ebusika kwehla kuya ku-12. +14 ° C. Inani lemvula lincane - 500-600 mm ngonyaka. Kuyindlela eseningizimu-ntshonalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga enabantu abaningi.
Isimo sezulu esingaphansi komswakama oseningizimu ne mpumalanga sibonisa ukwanda okulinganiselwe kwezinga lokushisa - cishe +22 ° C. Ebusika +6. +8 ° C. Inani lemvula kwesinye isikhathi lidlula ama-2000 mm ngonyaka.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Australia
Isifunda sezulu Central Central sitholakala kuphi? Isimo sezulu esingasontanga futhi esivumelanayo sibusa kuphela ezifundeni ezishisayo zezwekazi, kanti esishisayo sibusa cishe yonke i-Australia. Ihlukaniswe yaba manzi futhi yomile.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinomswakama sibonisa ingxenye engasempumalanga yezwe. Umoya uletha izindimbane zomoya ezigcwele umswakama ovela kuLwandlekazi lwePacific. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe i-1,500 mm yezulu iwela lapha, ngakho-ke le ndawo inomswakama kahle. Isimo sezulu simswakama, amazinga okushisa ehlobo akhuphuka afike ku-+22 ° C, futhi ebusika awahli ngaphansi kuka-+11 ° C.
Isimo sezulu esomile esishisayo sibonisa iningi lezwekazi. Izifunda eziphakathi nendawo ezisentshonalanga ye-Australia zithathwa ngogwadule kanye nogwadule. Zisuka cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5 ukusuka ogwini loLwandlekazi i-Indian luye kwiGreat Dividing Range.
Amazinga okushisa ehlobo kulezi zindawo ezomileyo kwesinye isikhathi adlula u-+30 ° C. Ebusika, kwehla ku- +10. +15 ° C. Futhi indawo eshisa kakhulu yezwekazi yiGreat Sand Desert enyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Australia. Cishe ihlobo lonke, izinga lokushisa lapha lidlula u-+35 ° C, kanti ebusika lehla kuphela laya ku-+20 ° C.
Maphakathi nezwe, edolobheni lase-Alice Springs, i-thermometer ingakhuphuka ifike ku-+40 ° C. Leli ngelinye lamadolobha acebile futhi amahle kunawo onke e-Australia, futhi lesibili linabantu abaningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukude ngamakhilomitha angama-1500 ukusuka endaweni yokuhlala eseduze.
Lapho sixoxa ngezindawo zezulu nezinhlobo zezulu e-Australia, ngeke sikhohlwe isimo sezulu esiqhingini saseTasmania. Inesimo sezulu esipholile, amazinga okushisa ebusika nehlobo kuvame ukuhluka phakathi kwama-degree ayi-10. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ehlobo liyi-+17 ° C, kanti ebusika lehla laya ku-+8 ° C.
Nazi izingxenye zesimo sezulu sase-Australia: subequatorial, tropical and subtropical.
Amanzi ase-Australia
Isimo sezulu sinomthelela omkhulu emanzini nasezweni lase-Australia. Amaphesenti angama-60 ezwekazi lonke awanalo ulwandle olwandle, imifula namachibi ambalwa kakhulu. Imifula eminingi ingeyase-Indian Ocean basin. Lezi zimbangi azijulile futhi zivame ukoma lapho kushisa. Cishe wonke amachibi imigodi engenamanzi ejulile.Imifula yoLwandlekazi lwePacific, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igeleza ngokugcwele, njengoba kulezi zindawo kwenzeka imvula eningi. Maye, iningi lezwekazi alinawo umswakama.
I-Australia inothile eziphethwini zobuciko ezitholakala ekujuleni okukhulu. Amanzi iningi lawo anosawoti omncane. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo epulazini kulinganiselwe.
Ibhande lesikhashana
Le ndawo yesimo sezulu inqoba insimu enkulu yesiqhingi saseTasmania. Akufani nesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile.
Ehlobo, umoya ufudumala uze ufike ku-23 ° C. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingu + 19 ° C Ngokwesilinganiso, kufika ku-140 mm wemvula lina ngesizini.
Ubusika eTasmania bupholile. Ntambama, i-thermometer iyaqabukela ikhuphuka ngenhla kwe-+12 degrees. Ebusuku, izinga lokushisa lehla laya ku-4 ° C. Ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, izinkomba kwesinye isikhathi ziwela ngaphansi kwe-zero. Ngaphezulu kuka-150 mm wemvula ewela phakathi nenkathi.
Intwasahlobo nekwindla esiqhingini cishe kuyafana. Amazinga okushisa ansuku zonke ayi-18 ° C. Ngezinga elifanayo, amanzi ayafudumala. Imvula ejwayelekile ingama-50 mm ngenyanga.
Imiphumela eyakha isimo sezulu kwisimo sezulu sezulu sase-Australia
I-Australia iyizwekazi elomile kakhulu loMhlaba kanye nengxenye eshisa kakhulu yezwe leSouthern Hemisphere. Ingxenye yesithathu yensimu yayo ethola imvula eyanele noma eyeqile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwehlobo ukusatshalaliswa kwe-monsoon in subequatorial North Australia futhi izinqubo ze-cyclonic zasebusika ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu thola ubukhulu benkathi yezikhathi zezulu kulezi zindawo.
Imithambeka esempumalanga yeGreat Dividing Range nethafa elingasogwini zithambile kakhulu. Yonke ingxenye yezwe iyinqaba. Izilwandle ziba nomthelela omncane kokungaphakathi kwe-Australia ngenxa:
- ugu olusogwini olugudlekile
- ukuphakama kwezingxenye ezingemuva kwepulatifomu yase-Australia ngokuqhathaniswa nendawo ephakathi,
- iqhaza lokuvikelwa koHlobo Olukhulu Lokwehlukanisa,
- indawo yamanje ebanda entshonalanga nezwekazi,
- ukuqondiswa kwemimoya ekhona (kusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga).
Umoya wasolwandle kwesinye isikhathi ungena maphakathi enkabeni yezwekazi usuka eningizimu nasenyakatho, kepha uphela ngokushesha bese ulahlekelwa umswakama. Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka, kuvunguza imimoya eyomile kusuka enkabeni yezwekazi.
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu +53.1 ° С laqoshwa esifundazweni saseQueensland, edolobheni laseClincarra ngonyaka we-1889, ophansi kakhulu--28 ° С eMitchell (East Australia). Imvula enkulu kunazo zonke eyenzeka minyaka yonke yayingama-11,251 mm ngonyaka we-1979 esifundeni saseQueensland, indawo eyomile kunazo zonke e-Australia yiLake Air enezimvula zaminyaka yonke ezingama-125 mm.
Cabanga ngezinto eziphambili ezakha isimo sezulu e-Australia.
Isimo sezulu sase-Australia: Izici ezakha isimo sezulu
1. Ukuma kwezwe
Isizathu esiyinhloko sesimo sezulu esomile sase-Australia ukuthi inqwaba yezindiza zomoya ezishisayo nezilokishi zande phezu kwezwe. Lokhu kushubisa phezulu kuyindawo yengcindezi ephezulu.
I-Australia ilele emithambekeni efanayo neNingizimu Afrika kanye nengxenye eseNingizimu Melika, ehlukaniswa umswakama owanele namazinga okushisa komoya aphansi. Kepha ubude be-Australia ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga kanye nasendaweni eshisayo yaseningizimu buphinda kabili ngesigamu. Lokhu kukhulisa izinga lesimo sezulu sasemazweni asezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo.
2. Imisebe yelanga
Ngenxa yendawo, izwekazi libonakala ngenani lemisebe yelanga - sisuka ku-5880 kuya ku-7500 MJ / m² ngonyaka . Azikho izinguquko ezisheshayo zokushisa. Cishe yonke i-Australia ingaphakathi kwe-isotherm ehlobo. 20-28 ° C nobusika 12-24 ° C . Kepha futhi kunezinga lokushisa elibi.
Zingabonakala e-Australia ebusika kulo lonke izwe eliseningizimu yeTropiki. Kodwa-ke, amaqhwa avamile avela kuphela esifundeni sezintaba eziseningizimu mpumalanga naseCentral Plateau yaseTasmania.
Ipaki kaZwelonke, iNtshonalanga Australia
3. Umphumela wemimoya yePacific ezwenikazi
Ingxenye enkulu yezwe itholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme lapho kulawulwa khona imimoya yokuhweba yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga. Iningi lemimoya yezorhwebo yakhiwa ngaphezu kobuso boLwandle iPacific.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya, ingcindezi kanye nemimoya ezweni lase-Australia
Futhi yize izindimbane zomoya ezigcwala umoya zisuka oLwandlekazi iPacific (kukhona imfudumalo yase-East Australia yamanje), azilethi imbandezelo ebalulekile yangaphakathi kwezwe. Isizathu isici esilandelayo esakha isimo sezulu.
4. Umthelela weGreat Dividing Range esimweni sezulu sase-Australia
Ububanzi Obukhulu Bohlukano budonsa umswakama wemimoya yohwebo. Ukuhanjiswa kakhulu kwezulu kuwuphawu lwamaphethelo womoya (asempumalanga) wezintaba kanye nethafa elisogwini. Kuwela ngaphezulu 1,500 mm kwezulu ngonyaka. Umoya ogeleza phezu kweGreat Dividing Range uyafudumala bese uyoma kancane.
Empumalanga, amahlathi omswakama ahlala eswakama. Ama-ferns esihlahla akhula lapho, ngokwesibonelo.
Ngakho-ke, inani lezulu lehla kancane kancane. Futhi ngaphezu kwezifunda ezisenkabeni nasentshonalanga ye-Australia ezisuka entshonalanga ziye empumalanga, kwakhiwa izindimbanezi zomoya zakwamanye amazwe. Banomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezingwadule. IDarling Range nayo ikhawulela umkhakha omncane olwandle wesimo sezulu saseMedithera eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
5. Ithonya lemisinga kwisimo sezulu sase-Australia
Uhlelo lwemisinga yolwandle ehambisana nokujikeleza komhlaba jikelele ligcizelela umthelela wezilwandlekazi sezulu lesimo sezulu sezindawo ezisogwini zezwekazi. I-East Australia efudumele yamanje inyusa umswakama womoya wezohwebo onisela empumalanga yezwe.
Okwamanje okubandayo kuvimbela ukugcwala komswakama emoyeni. Isimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi sithonywa Cold West Australia Yamanje, epholisa futhi yomise umoya wensimu yasogwini.
Isomiso sesikhashana futhi kudala inkambo ye-El Nino.
Fingqa
Izici ezakha isimo sezulu e-Australia.
- Indawo: - ezindaweni eziphakeme ezishisayo (engxenyeni esenyakatho nezwekazi elisendaweni eshisayo eshisayo, eningizimu - endaweni epholile),
- Inani elikhulu lemisebe yelanga,
- Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Atmospheric (izifunda zomoya ezishisayo zakwamanye amazwe, izilo zaseningizimu nasenyakatho, imimoya yokuhweba enyakatho-mpumalanga),
- Indawo engaphansi (usizo, ugu oluncane olugwadle kanye nokuqhamuka okuphambili kusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga),
- Amanzi olwandle.
Iziphi izici ezithinta isimo sezulu saseTasmania?
Iningi leTasmania unyaka wonke endaweni yezokuthutha okukhulu entshonalanga kwabantu. Esimweni sezulu saso, sifana neSouthern England futhi iningi lazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zase-Australia zithonywa amanzi azungezile.
Kubonakaliswa yihlobo elipholile, elinomswakama nobusika obufudumele nobushushu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyaquza lapha, kepha kuncibilika ngokushesha. Ukuna kwezulu okukhulu okulethwa yiziphepho zasentshonalanga kuwuphawu lwazo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. Lokhu kuthanda ukukhula kwezimila, ikakhulukazi ukukhula kwamakhambi. Ingxenye ebalulekile yalesi siqhingi imbozwe ngamamitha ahlala eqabile. Imihlambi idla kuwo unyaka wonke.
Izindawo zezulu nezindawo zase-Australia
I-Australia isezindaweni ezintathu zesimo sezulu esishisayo: tropical, tropical and subequatorial. Iningi lesiqhingi saseTasmania lisendaweni ethokomele. Ngokuya ngokusondele futhi ukude okuvela olwandle, izindawo ezishisayo nezishubile zase-Australia zihlukaniswe izigaba ezihluke ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu.
Izindawo zesimo sezulu zase-Australia naseTasmania
Futhi imephu engezansi isuka kwi-Wikipedia, ihlanganiswe ngokwesigaba somunye usosayensi. Qhathanisa neyedlule. Ezinye izindawo eziningi zezulu zimi lapha.
Ibhande lesimo sezulu lase-Australia subequatorial
Inyakatho ezwebile kakhulu yezwekazi itholakala ngebhande le-subequatorial futhi libhekene nesimo sezulu sezulu se-monsoon (variable-humid). Ukuqothuka kwenzeka ehlobo, njengoba izinkumbi zomoya zomoya zibusa ngalesi sikhathi. Ubusika buwomile ngenxa yokwanda kwezixuku zomoya ezishisayo.
Izici eziyinhloko zesimo sezulu se-subequatorial sase-Australia:
- isilinganiso sokushisa senyanga efudumele ehlobo (Januwari) ngu + 28 ° C,
- izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga ebusika ebandayo kakhulu (Juni) ngu + 25 ° С,
- kwezulu wonyaka ngu-1533 mm / ngonyaka.
Isimo sezulu sikhombisa ngokushisa okulingana nonyaka wonke kanye nenani elikhulu lemvula. Ukunambitha kulethwa yi-monsoon emanzi esenyakatho nentshonalanga futhi iwa ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Ebusika, okungukuthi, ngenkathi eyomile, izimvula ziba yingxenye yemvelo.
Imimoya eshisayo neyomile eshisayo ingadala isomiso ngalesi sikhathi. Isiphepho esishisayo kwesinye isikhathi siyawa ogwini olusenyakatho. In 1974 UMnu. Hurricane Tracy wacishe wamqothula ngokuphelele uMnu.
Isimo sezulu esifudumele sikaTasmania
Ingxenye eseningizimu yesiqhingi saseTasmania ingeyendawo yesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ithonya eliqhubekayo lokuhamba kwezindiza lasentshonalanga libangela imvula eningi ogwini olusentshonalanga kanye nemithambeka yezintaba.
Izindawo zomhlaba weTasmania
Umehluko wesikhathi sokushisa (15 ° С ehlobo no-10 ° С ebusika) awunalutho; ezintabeni iqhwa lifinyelela –7 ° С. Isimo sezulu sasolwandle esishisayo sakhiwa lapha.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sezulu kwe-Australia Zone
Ukuhlaziywa kwanoma iyiphi i-climatogram kuqala ngokunqunywa kwe-hemisphere esetshenziselwe yona. Uma amazinga okushisa afudumele kakhulu abonwa ezinyangeni ezifanayo naseNyakatho Nenkabazwe - ngoJuni, Julayi, Agasti, bese kuba yiNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Futhi uma uDisemba, uJanuwari noFebhuwari efudumele, khona-ke okuphambene nalokho, i-hemisphere iyona eningizimu.
Esimweni lapho sazi ukuthi wonke ama-climatograms enzelwe i-Australia, lokhu akudingekile ukuthola, sesivele sazi ukuthi izwekazi likhona ngokuphelele eNyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Sihlaziya i-climatogram ngaphansi kwencwadi ethi "A"
Ukunisela ngokwanele akwanele - 130 mm / ngonyaka. Ziba cishe ngokulingana unyaka wonke. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuphawulekile kuyabonakala. Ehlobo, afinyelela ku-30 °, kuthi ebusika ehle afike ku-10 °. Sikhumbula incazelo yezinhlobo zesimo sezulu, singaphetha ngokuthi lesi simo sezulu siyindawo eshisayo yasogwadule.
Sihlaziya i-climatogram ngaphansi kwencwadi "B"
Imvula yanele, bawa ehlobo. Kunezinkathi ezimbili zonyaka - ihlobo elimanzi futhi elomile - ubusika. Kakade ngalezi zimpawu kucacile ukuthi lesi simo sezulu sokungabikhona.
I-Climatogram ngaphansi kwegama "B"
Kunomvula omningi, kodwa kubonakala sengathi iyunithi yalahleka ekuqaleni. Ziwa ngokulinganayo unyaka wonke, ehlobo okuthe xaxa. Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa akunakwa. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lingaya ku-10 °. Ngokunokwenzeka, isimo sezulu esinomswakama esishisayo, yize siningi kangako sezulu lemvula singaphansi komhlaba ngisho nangomswakama.
I-Climatogram ngaphansi kwegama "G"
I-precipation iwa ikakhulukazi ebusika futhi ziningi zazo. Luhlobo lwezulu lwesimo sezulu saseMedithera elingaphansi.
Izinhlekelele zezulu zase-Australia ngo-2019
Izinhlekelele zezulu ezimbi kakhulu zenzeka njalo e-Australia: imililo, isomiso kanye nezikhukhula. Kepha unyaka ka-2019 “wahlukaniswa” ikakhulukazi.
- Ehlobo lika-2019, empumalanga ye-Australia ukusuka eQueensland kuya eSydney, lapho kuvame khona ukuba nemvula efanayo, kwakungekho imvula izinyanga eziningana. Izinga lamanzi ezindaweni zokugcina zasendaweni lehle laze lasesimweni esibucayi. Izinsimbi zemifula yaseDarling-Murray sezomile. Isomiso serekhodi senza ngisho nabantu abalondolozekile kakhulu bakholelwe ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
- Ukuntuleka kwamanzi futhi kwenze kwaba nzima nokucima imililo. Ngo-2019, imililo ebabazekayo ikakhulukazi yenzeka ezifundeni zaseVictoria naseNingizimu Australia. Ngaseningizimu yedolobha lase-Adelaide amahektha ayi-12,000 ehlathi aqhelile, izinhlobo eziningi ze-koala eucalyptus ezithandekayo zasha zaphela.
Endaweni yase-Adelaide Hills, kushiswe izindlu ezingama-38 nezinye izakhiwo eziyi-165. 23 i-pax bangeniswe esibhedlela ngomonakalo wamaphaphu. Kwenye indlu eseduze kwe-Adelaide, wonke amakati nengxenye yesithathu yezinja yafa.
Imililo ekhona manje e-Australia ibhekwa njengeyinamandla kakhulu kusukela lapho kuthiwa imvelo ye-ashen - ngoFebhuwari 16, 1983 - lapho izakhi eziseningizimu ye-Australia zabulala abantu abangama-75.
- NgoFebhuwari 2019, ngemuva kwesomiso seminyaka eyisikhombisa eQueensland, izimvula ezinkulu zaqala. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, imvula yanyanga zonke yawa, futhi iningi lesifundazwe lagcwala amanzi. Enyakatho, izinkomo ezingama-500,000 zabulawa. Izikhukhula zangaphambili bezilapha ngonyaka ka-2012. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, bekungeyona iminyaka engama-50. Ngenkathi yezikhukhula zango-2012 eBrisbane, kwafa abantu, abantu abangama-33-36.
EQueensland
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