I-Titanosaurus - uhlobo lwama-dinosaurs we-herbivorous avela emndenini wama-titanosaurids wesizinda esingaphansi sama-sauropods, ayehlala esikhathini sokugcina seCretaceous (cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-70 edlule) kulokho manje okuyi-Asia, i-Afrika, iYurophu kanye neNingizimu Melika. Ngobude bufika kumamitha angama-40. Wayesondele e-salazaurus.

Ngo-1871, kwatholakala insikazi ende ende eyi-1.17 m eduze nedolobha laseJabalpur eNdiya. Ososayensi banquma ukuthi kwakuyinsali yedayinaso, kepha ayizange ifane nezinye izibankwa ezazaziwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho bathola ama-vertebrae amaningana we-caudal lapho, futhi kwacaca ukuthi kutholakala isidumbu esikhulu sakudala, esisha ngokuphelele kwisayensi.

Ngo-1877, udokotela oyi-geologist ongumNgisi uRichard Lidecker (1849-1915) wabiza le nhlobo entsha ngokuthi yi-titanosaurus yaseNdiya. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, amathambo afanayo atholakala eningizimu hemisphere. Lesi kwakuyisihlambi esikhulu sokuqala esatholakala kulesi sifunda. Ukutholwa kwenze umuzwa; lapho-ke isayensi ibingayazi iziphindaphindo ezikhudlwana. Ngakho-ke ukuqhathaniswa kwama-titans - imidondoshiya enamandla yama-Greek mythology.

I-titanosaurus ifana ne-diplodocus: intamo ende nomsila odonsa ngokuqinile ngasekupheleni. Isikhumba kuphela esambozwa ngamapuleti amancane amathambo (ama-steoderms), okungekho uphawu lwama-diplodocides.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ama-titanosaurs adla imihlambi yezinkomo enabantu abadala nabancane.

I-Titanosaurus yemifino yondla izitshalo ezijwayelekile zokuphela kweCretaceous. Utshani besimanje, i.e., utshani bokusanhlamvu, babungekho ngaleso sikhathi. Esihlahleni esingezansi somuthi, izihlahlana eziqhakazayo ezinjengama-magnolias ne-viburnum zazigcwele ngemidwebo yamahhashi yasendulo namafern. Ngaphezulu kwabo kwakhuphuka oki, imephu, amantongomane, amabhele, kanye nama-conifers, kanye nabaqalayo ukuthatha izikhundla ze-ginkgo kanye nama-cycads.

Ngokunokwenzeka, i-titanosaurus, njengamanye ama-sauropods, amatshe aginywe ngokukhethekile (ama-gastrolites) akhuhla ukudla okuqinile esiswini semisipha ukwenza kube lula ukugaya.

Eduze kwabazingeli be-titanosaurs babehlala bezwa njalo. Ubukhulu busindise imifino: ukushaya umsila oyimitha eyishumi noma imilenze yezindlovu kwanele ukugcina izitha kude. Izingane kuphela, abantu asebekhulile, izilwane ezigulayo ezithola abadla inyama.

Ngabe udleni nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokuphila

Kwakunemibono eminingana mayelana nokuthi le dinosaur enkulu idla kanjani futhi yiphi, i-carrion kuphela noma esahlasela amanye ama-dinosaurs nezirhubuluzi. Iningi lososayensi livumile ukuthi wayezingela abamele abancane bezilwane, yize engazange adelele ukuzuza ngokutholwa. Lokhu kwanqunywa kuphela ngemuva kokutholakala kokulunywa kwetrannosaurus ezithombeni zamanye ama-dinosaurs. Babenogazi kangangokuba bebenganqikazi ukuhlasela uhlobo lwabo. Kwambulwa kamuva ukuthi omashiqela babedinga ukulwela insimu namanye ama-carnivores amakhulu. Futhi, izisekelo zamehlo zifakazela okwandulelayo.

Ikhanda

I-skull enkulu kunazo zonke ngobude ifinyelele ku-1m 53cm. Ukwakheka kwegebhezi: olubanzi emuva emuva, nokuthinta ngaphambili, uma kubukwa ngenhla, khona-ke, kuhlangene nemihlathi, kufana nencwadi u-U. Ingqondo incane ngosayizi futhi ingaqhathaniswa nengwenya ngokusho kweWits esheshayo.

Amazinyo abukhali futhi abude (15-30cm ubude, abude kunabo bonke ukweqiwa okukhona). Ukulunywa kwakunamandla amakhulu, ingcindezi yamathani amaningana idlula amandla ebhubezi izikhathi eziyi-15. Ngosizo emihlathini wayekwazi ukuchoboza noma yimaphi amathambo ngisho nezigebhezi, izitha zakhe cishe azikaze zisinde ngemuva kokulunywa.

Izimbotshana

Kwakunemilenze emine, kepha wayehamba kuphela emilenzeni emibili yangemuva, eyangaphambili yincane yayincane futhi ingakakhuli ngokuphelele, ngokungafani ne-spinosaurus. Ijubane elijwayelekile lokunyakaza lifinyelela ku-20 km / h, uma kunesidingo, i-tyrannosaurus ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h. Umsila wasiza ukugcina ibhalansi, futhi yayingaba isikhali sokubulala - ngosizo lwayo kwakulula ukuphula umgogodla noma i-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho. Imilenze yangemuva nayo ibinamandla amakhulu, iminwe emine ibikhona kubo. Abathathu kubo bebesekela, kanti laba bokugcina abaze bathinta phansi.