U-Warbler womndeni omuhle, ongomunye wezinyoni eziningi kakhulu eRussia.

I-Finch imayelana nosayizi undlunkulu (cishe 17 cm). Ukuphuma kowesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzalela muhle impela - ingxenye engezansi yomzimba kusukela emphinjeni nesihlathi kuya kwesisekelo somsila ibunjiwe, ibunzi limnyama, ingaphezulu lekhanda, ingemuva lekhanda nasemuva kwentamo kungwephuzi olimpunga. Izimpaphe zephiko zinsundu ngemingcele emhlophe eceleni komphetho wangaphandle. Izimpaphe ezisemsileni nazo zinsundu, futhi izimpaphe ezimbili zomsila obukhulu zinezindawo ezimhlophe. Emaphikweni imivimbo emibili emhlophe ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Umhlane unsundu; i-naduhve iluhlaza okotshani. Izinsikazi zengubo ziyefana nabesilisa, kepha ithoni yensimbi ejwayelekile iba nsundu. Izinyoni ezincane zifana nezinsikazi ngombala.

Ihlala emahlathini nasemapaki azo zonke izinhlobo, imvamisa eduze nalapho kuhlala khona umuntu.

Izindindiza zindiza ezihlahleni, zivame ukuba zinde kunokuphakama komuntu, zizifihle nge-moss nama-lichens. Ngaphakathi, isidleke siboshwe ngenani elikhulu lezinsiba, i-fluff yemifino nezinwele. Kwesinye isikhathi izidleke amahlandla ama-2 ehlobo. Ku-clutch 3-6 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngamachashaza namaqhubu amaqanda.

Idla ngembewu nangengxenye eluhlaza yezitshalo, ehlobo - futhi ezinambuzaneni nakwezinye izinambuzane, ezidla namantshontsho.

Ingoma ye-Finch iyindabuko, imvamisa igcinwa ekhejini njengengoma enhle yengoma.

Berastsianka

Yonke insimu yeBelarus

I-Finch yomndeni - uFritillidae.

EBelarus - uF. C. coelebs.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokufuya ezifudukayo, ngezikhathi ezithile zasebusika. Ziningi ezindaweni, zibanzi, zitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo eziphila emahlathini, emapaki amadolobha, izingadi nakwezinye izindawo.

Usayizi undlunkulu. Amapheya enduna awafani kakhulu: ingaphezulu lekhanda nangemuva kwekhanda kukhona okuluhlaza okotshani, izihlathi, umphimbo, isifuba nesisu kukhona obomvana obomvana noma obomvana bewayini, umhlane unombala obomvu, umsila uluhlaza, umsila ucishe umnyama, kanti izimpaphe zinsundu. Izembozo ezimaphiko ezimhlophe zakha umucu omhlophe obonakala kahle. Umbala wensikazi nowenyoni encane uyakhanya ngokwengeziwe, amathoni ansundu athathelwa indawo kakhulu ngompunga, inhloko ekhanda iluhlaza grey, umucu omhlophe ophikweni uphansi. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-19- 28 g, owesimame ungama-17-25 g. Ubude bomzimba (bobili ubulili) buyi-8 cm cm, amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-24,5- 28.5. Ubude bephiko labesilisa buyi-8-9 cm, umsila ungama-6-7, 5 cm, tarsus 1.4-11.9 cm, Bill 1.1-11.4 cm. Iphiko ubude besifazane 8 cm cm, umsila 6-7 cm, Tarsus 1.3-2 cm, umlomo u-1.1– 1,3 cm

Izwi le-Finch liyi-trill esheshayo enkulu, abesilisa baqala ukucula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokufika nokuphela maphakathi nehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhathazeka, kanye nangesikhathi isimo sezulu sishintsha, umuntu angazwa ukukhamuluka okukhulu kwegama elithi “pink” (ezimweni ezinjalo kuthiwa i-Finch ithi "rummy"). UFedyushin noDolbyk (1967) badlulisa ingoma ye-Finch ethi "ryu-ryu".

IChaffinch ingesinye sezinyoni zasehlathini ezijwayelekile. Kuhlala amahlathi ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ikhetha amasimu amadala we-birch, amahlathi angena spruce, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe (i-pine-oak, i-spruce-oak-Hornbeam), kanye namahlathi alder kanye namahlathi okhayela omile. Vimbela izithulu, ezinamasayithi evaliwe we-canopy. Uhlala ngokuzithandela emapulazini, izingadi, amapaki amahlathi, izikwele, emakhethenini, engena ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakathi kwamadolobha amakhulu.

Entwasahlobo ifika maphakathi - ingxenye yesibili kaMashi, indlela enkulu yalezi zinyoni iyaqhubeka engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwentwasahlobo, izinsuku zokufika nezindiza zezintaka ziyehluka kungamaviki amathathu. Kungakapheli isizini eyodwa, ukufika kwama-finches kunwetshiwe kakhulu (kufika kumaviki ama-3). Isikhathi sokufuduka ekwindla siyehluka kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nentwasahlobo ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwabantu abasha. Isilinganiso sokufuduka okujwayelekile singama-74 km ngosuku. Ijubane lokuguqulwa kokuhumusha komphetho lisuka eningizimu-entshonalanga liye enyakatho-empumalanga yeBelarus li-35 km ngosuku. Lokhu kuhamba kwezinyoni kukhawulelwe ngokushisa komoya kanye nekhava leqhwa.

Ukufika entwasahlobo kubambezeleka cishe izinsuku ezingama-3-4 njengoba zihamba ibanga eli-1 ° ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga iye enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBelarus, ekwindla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthutha kwezinyoni ukuya ebusika kuqala ngaphambili cishe ngenani elifanayo lezinsuku.

Ukuhlaziywa kokubhaliswa kwezimali ezifika kuleli eminyakeni eyisi-7 eyedlule kukhombisa ukuthi ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu zingavela ezinsukwini zokuqala zentwasahlobo, kepha-ke ukufika kwazo nokundiza kwabantu abaningi kuyabonakala eminyakeni engu-2 ne-3 kaMashi, nakulesi shumi leminyaka Ngo-Ephreli bafinyelela enyakatho yeBelarus. Yize izinsuku zokufika nezindiza zamalishi zihlukahluka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, phakathi kwezimo zezulu ezihle kakhulu, amanani angatholakala ezweni lonke ekupheleni kukaMashi.

Abokuqala ukundiza bangene ezingxenyeni ezidlekayo ngabesilisa, bendiza ngamaqembu amancane (abantu abangu-10-15). Bahlala kumasayithi okudlela futhi baqale ukucula. Bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezi-3-7, kuqhamuke izinsikazi, ezivame ukundiza emihlambini eminingi ehlanganisiwe. Kufika imihlambi yabesilisa ihlukane, izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezidlekayo bese ziqala ukucula. Izinsikazi zibajoyina futhi kusukela kulowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, abesilisa bahlabelela ngokunganaki. Ukucula kukaChaffinch kuzwakala kusukela kufika uJulayi. Eningizimu kumisa ekuqaleni, enkabeni maphakathi, enyakatho ekugcineni kukaJulayi.

NgoJuni - kuJulayi, ukuncipha kuvuswa ngemizuzu engama-40-60. ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga. Isimo sezulu sithinta isikhathi sokuqala kwemisebenzi yasekuseni ye-Finch: izinga lokushisa, umoya, ukujuluka kwezulu, izinga lokumbozwa kwamafu esibhakabhakeni, emahlathini - izinga lokuqhakaza i-biotope, njll.

Ngezinsuku ezibonakaliswa ikhava ephezulu yefu kanye nesivinini somoya esinyukayo, ukuqala kwemisebenzi yasekuseni kugudluka amahora angama-0.5-1,0 noma ngaphezulu kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku ezinelanga futhi ezingenamoya. NgoJuni, ama-Finches aqala ukucula emahoreni ama-3 nemizuzu engama-40. - 4 amahora 00 imizuzu Ingoma ihlala cishe imizuzwana emi-3, bese kuba nesikhathi sokumiswa kwemizuzwana eyi-7-10, kulandelwe yingoma elandelayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukucula kuyaphazanyiswa ukondla, okuthatha i-7-10, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube yimizuzu engama-20.

Umsebenzi omkhulu kunayo yonke waphawulwa ekuseni (amahora angu-6 kuya ku-10), lapho inani lezingoma lihluka lisuka ku-70 liya ku-110 ngehora. Ngemuva kwalokho iyancipha kancane, futhi kusihlwa (amahora angu-17 kuya ku-19) iyaqina. Engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni, ama-Finches ayeka ukucula ngo-10 p.m. esimweni sezulu esipholile nesizolile. - amahora angama-22 imizuzu engama-30

Emavikini langu-3-4 ngemuva kwekufika, emanani aacala kutala. Izinyoni ziqala ukwakha izidleke ngonyaka wesithathu ka-Ephreli. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-11 kuye kwezingu-13. Bobabili abalingani babamba iqhaza kukho. Izinduna zihlelwe ezihlahleni zezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo (i-spruce, uphayini, i-larch, i-birch, i-grey ne-alder emnyama, i-oak, i-elm, i-bird cherry, i-ash ash, i-Hornbeam, njll.), Kepha kaningi ku-spruce, birch, pine kanye alder, ezindaweni eziningi (ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yeRiphabhulikhi) imvamisa ku-juniper. Inezidleke ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene (1.5-12 m noma ngaphezulu, kepha kaningi i-2-4 m). Ezihlahleni ezinqumayo, njengomthetho, zizakhela ngaphansi kwamagatsha aseceleni asuka esiqwini, kuma-conifers - imvamisa egatsheni elivundlile, kude kude nesiqu.

Isidleke seChaffinch singesinye sezakhiwo zezinyoni ezithuthukile futhi ezinekhono ezihlala eBelarus. Lesi yisakhiwo esiminyene esakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwezitshalo (ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-moss eluhlaza okotshani, amagatsha amancanyana, izigaxa zezitshalo ezine-herbaceous, eziqiniswe ngama-cobwebs) ngesimo sebhola elihlotshiswe ngezindonga obukhulu nobukhulu. Ngaphandle, kufakwe emafayilini ama-birch bark, amahlumela wesitshalo fluff, ukhukhunathi wezinambuzane, i-lichens, okuyinto oyifaka kahle. Ugqoko unokwakheka kwe-hemispherical noma i-ovoid, efakwe kakhulu ngezimpande ezacile, i-Horsehair, uboya, izimpaphe, i-fluff yemifino. Izidleke ezitholakala ehlathini le-spruce zivame ukuba ne-moss eluhlaza okotshani futhi ziboshwe nabathwali befilkoen flax. Ukuphakama kwesidleke kungama-4-8,5 cm, ububanzi buyi-7.5-12 cm, ukujula kojantshi kungama-3-5 cm, ubukhulu kungama-3-6 cm. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-11 ukuya kwezingu-12, zombili izinyoni zakha, kepha owesilisa mkhulu, owesilisa uletha isakhiwo kuphela. impahla.

Ku-clutch ephelele ye-4-7, imvamisa amaqanda ayi-5 aphuzi aluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu obomvu, ambozwe ngezindawo ezimbalwa ezibomvu-ama-cherry, ama-curls, amachashazi. Imiphetho yazo ilula, ifiphele. Ekupheleni kweqanda, ukubona kwesinye isikhathi kwakha i-corolla eminyene. Isisindo seqanda 2 g, ubude 17-22 mm, ububanzi 14-15.4 mm.

Njengomthetho, inyoni iqala ukubeka amaqanda ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaMeyi. Kunezingane ezimbili ngonyaka. Imifantu yesibili ivela engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Owesifazane uthwala iqanda elilodwa ngosuku, afukamele izinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kwezi-13, owesilisa kwesinye isikhathi uphatha ukudla kwakhe. Amathoyizi anenkukhu athola ukudla kubo bobabili abazali futhi ashiye isidleke eneminyaka eyi-13. Isibalo sokufika kwezinyoni ezindala ngokudla esidlekeni ziyahlukahluka kusuka kwezingu-140 kuye kwezingama-210 ngosuku, kuya ngeminyaka yamantshontsho (izinsuku ezingama-3-4 noma izinsuku ezingama-6-8), izimo zezulu kanye nobuningi bezinto ezidingayo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokwakha izidleke.

Cishe izinsuku ezingama-6-8, izinyoni ezindala ziyaqhubeka zondla izingane, bese izinyoni ezincane ziqala ukuzulazula zifuna ukudla kuma-biotopes asehlathini, kanti ezinye zihlala amasonto ama-2-3 endaweni yendawo yokuzalanisa, lapho

Mayelana nokuthola izidleke kabili, ukumiswa kwezinyoni kuqala ngoJulayi kuyaqhubeka ngoSepthemba.

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, ama-broods aqoqana ngemihlambi emincane, ngoSepthemba imihlambi yeziningi, kwesinye isikhathi amakhulu amaningi ezinyoni. Imihlambi yama-Nomadic nayo itholakala eziteshini ezivulekile (amasimu, amadiphozithi, ukusulwa).

I-Chaffinch ingenye yezinhlobo ezikhethekile kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni ezidlula emahlathini, ubukhulu beplastiki ephezulu nobubanzi bethango lokudla okuqinisekisa indawo yalo eurytopia kanye nezikhundla eziphezulu eziteshini zemvelo ezifanele kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, ngokwezifundo ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zobubanzi, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-60 zezitshalo kanye nama-oda ayi-15 ama-invertebrates asebhaliwe ekunakekelweni kwamanani ezimali. Kunezinhlobo ezinkulu ezingavikeleki uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinwele, ezikhula esikhathini esidlekayo.

Ekuphakameni okungenamsoco, umehluko wesikhathi sonyaka usho kahle. Ekwindla nasebusika iyinyoni emnandi, imbewu yamakhambi ahlukahlukene isisekelo sokondleka ngalesi sikhathi. Entwasahlobo, izinambuzane, kanye nama-birch ne-willow, kuyanezelelwa kulokhu kudla. Ehlobo, izinambuzane nezicabucabu zilawula ekudleni, ingxenye yama-invertebrates ekuphakelweni kwam amaphuphu iphakeme kakhulu.

Izinto eziqoqwe kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2015 ezifundeni zaseStolbtsovsky, eDzerzhinsky kanye naseVolozhinsky esifundeni saseMinsk, esifundeni saseKamenets esifundeni iBrest. (I-NP "I-Belovezhskaya Pushcha"), kanye nasezifundeni zaseRogachev naseNovogrudok ezifundeni zaseGomel naseGrodno, ikhombisile ukuthi, ngokujwayelekile, ngokungafani nezinye izifunda, eBelarus, i-Finch esikhathini sangaphambi kokudlela kwendlala ibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo kanye nokudla kwezilwane ngokusobala igunya lokugcina.

Ingxenye yokuqala yesikhathi sangaphambi kokudlekwa kweminyaka (ishumi lokugcina lika-Mashi - maphakathi no-Ephreli), okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufuduka, isikhathi esinomsebenzi ophansi wama-invertebrates kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kusuka kwamathanga amnene kuye kufroti elinganiselayo, nengxenye yesibili yesikhathi sangaphambi kokudlekwa (maphakathi no-Ephreli), okuphawulwa ngokwanda ngokulandelana isilinganiso sokushisa sansuku zonke futhi, ngokufanele, ukwanda komsebenzi wokuphelele wama-invertebrates.

Eziswini ezingama-22 zamaloli abulewe esikhathini se-prenest, izinto ezingama-353 zokudla kwatholakala. Ubuningi besisu babuqukethe nama-gastrolites. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kweziswini zamanani kukhombisa ukwehluka okulingana okuncane kakhulu kokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ukudla kwezitshalo okwamelelwa imbewu nezinye izinto zezitshalo, kufaka phakathi ama-inflorescence, ngaphandle kwegama lalawo maqembu, akuzange kudlule ku-17% ekunakekelweni kwamanani ezimali, futhi ukwvela kwawo kwaba yingxenye yenani eliphelele lesisu esihlaziywayo. Ukudla kwezilwane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kutholakala kuso sonke isisu ngaphansi kophenyo futhi ezimweni eziningi kumelelwa kuphela ama-arthropods nangaphezulu kwama-60% yizinambuzane. Izigidi kanye nama-arachnids ahlangana ngengoma.

Phakathi kwezinambuzane, amabhungane anqobayo (85% yenani eliphelele lezinambuzane), futhi phakathi kwawo amaqembu ahlukahlukene ezinsimbi. IHymenoptera neLepidoptera nazo zahlangana zodwa. Sekukonke, imichilo ehlukahlukene, okuyiyo kuphela eyadla izakhamizi ngokuziphatha, ibalwa ama-41.07% enani eliphelele lamaqembu atholakele ezinto zokudla, futhi okuvela kwawo kungaphezu kwama-90%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe yizisu ezi-3 kwezingu-22 kwakumelwe kuphela ama-weevils (inani eliphakathi kwamabhungane alingana no-8.7 amasampula), kanti elinye i-7 - ngama-50% noma ngaphezulu liqukethe izingcezu zaleli qembu lamabhungane (ngenani lezinhlobo ezingama-10,43). Ngokunokwenzeka, ukusetshenziswa kwama-weevil, kanye nokudla kwezilwane sekuphelele, emaphondweni kuqala cishe ngokushesha ngokufika kwawo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ze-weevil eziqoshwe endaweni yeBelarus azifinyeleleli phezulu ngesikhathi esikhonjisiwe sonyaka.

Ama-Weevils futhi ayengamaqembu ayizidlakudla izinto zokudla ekunikezeni ukudla kwamachwane amnandi ePolesie.

Ukudla kwezilwane kwakudliwa ngesikhathi sonke sangaphambi kokudlekwa, kwenzeka esiswini ngasinye esifundwe, ngenkathi kugcinwa amanani afanayo enani lazo. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-Finch izinambuzane, futhi phakathi kokugcina - ama-weevil ahlukahlukene. Ukudla kwezitshalo akubalulekile kangako ekudleni kwezinhlobo esikhathini esihlaziywa sonyaka eBelarus.

I-Autumn span ishiwo kakhulu engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba - ingxenye yokuqala ka-Okthoba. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ekwindla, ama-finches andiza ngaphambili ebanzi, endiza emahlathini nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Izinyoni zindiza emihlambini yezinyoni eziyi-10-30, okuqabukela ngaphezulu (kusuka ku-200 ukuya ku-200). Ama-flocks ngezikhathi ezithile ayama ukuze ondle futhi aphumule ezingadini zemifino, izihlahla zezithelo, amasimu, amakhishi asehlobo. Ngokuvamile eshumini lesibili lika-Okthoba, igagasi lokugcina lokudlula liyabonakala.

Eminyakeni eminingi, abantu ngabanye ebusika (Brest, Cottages ehlobo). Ubusika bama-Finches babonwa e-Belovezhskaya Pushcha, ezifundeni eziningi zeBelarus.

Ubuningi be-Finch buzinzile eBelarus emashumini eminyaka amuva futhi kulinganiselwa kwizimbili eziyizigidi eziyi-7.5-8,5.

Ubudala obukhulu obubhalisiwe eYurophu buyiminyaka eyi-16 izinyanga ezi-4.

1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Umbuso wezilwane waseBelarus. Ama-Vertebrates: incwadi yemibhalo. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 k.

2. Nikiforov M.E., Yotesky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Izinyoni zaseBelarus: Incwajana Yokuthola Izinzwa Namaqanda" Minsk, 1989. -479 k.

3. UGaiduk V. Ye., Abramova I. V. "Isayensi yezinyoni eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013.

4. UFedyushin A. V., UDolbik M. S. "Izinyoni zaseBelarus." Minsk, 1967. -521s.

5. UDomantsevich D. G. "On the feed of the Finchilla Fringilla coelebs in the pre-nesting kwesikhathi in Belarus" / Russian Ornithological Journal 2016, uMqulu 25, Express-release 1359: 4252-4257

6. UFransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) KUSUKELA uhlu lwamarekhodi okuhlala isikhathi eside kwezinyoni zaseYurophu.