Somik Shintsha
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

Synodontis nigriventris UDavid, ngo-1936

Somik Shintsha (IsiLatini: ISynodontis nigriventris) uhlobo lwenhlanzi oluhlotshiswe ngemisebe emndenini wePinnate catfish (Mochokidae). Ohlala ezakhiweni ezintsha zase-Afrika ezishisayo. Zigcinwa futhi ezindaweni zasemanzini. Eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukuguqula ikati" ngenxa yokuziphatha, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesikhathi lapho le nhlanzi ibhukuda isisu sayo.

Incazelo

Umzimba ugcwele, uthambile uthambile ezinhlangothini. Umhlane uvelile kakhulu kunesisu, Amehlo makhulu, umlomo uphansi ngamabhangqa amathathu e-antennae, i-caudal fin ilayishwe kabili. I-dorsal fin inxantathu ngesimo futhi ine-ray yokuqala enamandla. Imali enkulu ye-adipose. Umbala ungwevu-beige enamabala amnyama-ansundu asabalale emzimbeni wonke namapheya. Isisu simnyama ngaphezu komhlane. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa buthakathaka: umzimba wowesifazane mkhulu ezin amabala, owesilisa mncane futhi mncane kunowesifazane (abesilisa bakhula babe ngu-6 cm ubude, abesilisa - kuya ku-9.5 cm).

Ukuziphatha

Ucwaningo oluningi olukhethekile lunikelwe ebubini bokuhamba kokushintsha kwecatfish. Amakati amancanyana abhukuda esimweni esijwayelekile kwezinhlanzi eziningi - ngesisu phansi, eguquka kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Ama-catfish amadala akhetha ukubhukuda ibheke phezulu kwikholamu lamanzi ngaphansi, futhi kulesi sikhundla abhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngenkathi ebhukuda isisu, angadla, abambe inyamazane ebusweni bamanzi. Ucwaningo lwethonya lamandla adonsela phansi kule catfish lakhombisa ukuthi inamandla amakhulu okugcina isimo somzimba “sibheke phezulu” futhi umuzwa wamandla adonsela phansi kungenzeka ubenomthelela ekutheni le nto inokulawulwa okuhlukile kwesikhundla somzimba kusuka kwezinye izinhlanzi eziningi. Le ndlela yokubhukuda iholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zamandla, kepha-ke, isuswa ngukuthola okuphumelelayo kokuthola ukudla ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Indlela yokubhukuda “ehlanekezelwe” kungenzeka yathuthukiswa maqondana nokuphila ebusuku.

Ukuba khona kwendalo

Kugcwele endaweni ephakathi yomgodi womfula. ICongo, kubandakanya iLake Malebo kanye nemifula yeKasai ne-Ubangi. Kukhona nemibiko yezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala eQilu eRiphabhulikhi yaseCongo. Kwethulwa ePhilippines. Inhlanzi ye-Bentopelagic. Idla ikakhulu ebusuku ezinambuzaneni, kuma crustaceans nasekudleni kwezitshalo.

Lokhu kungumhlambi wezinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula. Kubonisa umsebenzi ngokuqala kokuhwalala, ngesikhathi sasemini lapho bacashe khona. Ukuze ugcine ukushintshwa kwe-catfish udinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-50 anezindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene (ama-grottoes, amasiga nokunye okunjalo). Inhlabathi efanelekayo kungubucwebe noma isihlabathi esivamile.

Amapharamitha we-Optimum wamanzi: lokushisa 24-26 ° C, pH 6.5-7.5, ubulukhuni dH 4–15 °. Dinga ukuhlunga, i-aeration nezinguquko zamanzi zamasonto onke.

Le catfish ingadla zombili bukhoma (ama-bloodworms, ama-shrimp, ama-artemia), imifino kanye nokuhlanganiswa (ama-pellets, ama-flakes) okuphakelayo. Ungangeza imifino emenyu - ukhukhamba, i-zucchini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zekati zithambekele ekudla ngokweqile.

Ukuzala

Ifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba eminyakeni engu-2-3. Ukuzalanisa, udinga i-aquarium enamanani wamalitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu anezindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene nezitshalo ezintantayo. Amapharamitha wamanzi: lokushisa 24-27, ° C, pH cishe 7, ubulukhuni dH cishe 10 °. E-aquarium, ukunwebeka akuvamile, ngakho-ke ukujova kwe-hormonal kusetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukuzala kabusha. Ngaphambi kokusakazeka, abakhiqizi (1 owesilisa nowesifazane ongu-1) bahlukaniswe bodwa futhi bondliwe kahle. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaphezu kwama-450. Amafry aqala ukubhukuda ngosuku lwe-4 futhi okokuqala abe nesikhundla esijwayelekile somzimba bese eqala ukuzulazula ngemuva kwamasonto angama-7-8.

Incazelo

ISynodontis ilunga lomndeni wakwaMochokidae, okusho ukuthi "catfish enqunu". Impela, zonke izinhlobo zalo mndeni azinazikali; esikhundleni salokho, izinhlanzi zimbozwe yisikhumba esiqinile, esivikelekile futhi ngokuvikelwa kwe-mucous ebusweni. Ngaphandle, lezi zinhlanzi ezinokuthula nokuzola zibukeka zihle. Ama-Catfish anombala ompunga we-grey-beige body, ohlotshiswe ngamaphethini wesimo wezindawo ezincane ezimnyama ansundu.

Ekhanda kukhona amehlo amakhulu nezimbambo ezintathu zezintuthwane ezingamashuni, ezimbili zazo ziyi-cirrus, evumela ukuthi ikati lihambe kahle emkhathini. Njengokuzivikela, i-Changeling isebenzisa amaphiko ayo anamandla e-pectoral kanye nemikhondo ebukhali emgqonyeni wamanzi nowokukhanya. Lezi zinhlanzi eziqinile futhi eziqine kwesinye isikhathi zikhula zikhulu kakhulu, cishe amasentimitha angama-20, futhi zihlala emanzini angaba iminyaka eyi-15. Imvamisa ubukhulu bawo abudluli amasentimitha ayi-10. Ubulili bunqunywa kalula: abesilisa banciphile futhi bancane kunabesifazane, ngasikhathi sinye, izintokazi zihlotshiswe ngezindawo ezinkulu zezimbaza. Futhi ekuxhumaneni kwabesilisa kunenqubo encane, engabhekwa kwabesifazane.

Ukushintshwa kweCatfish - isakhamuzi sase-aquarium esingazethembi kakhulu, esivumelana kalula nezimo zezemvelo futhi sizivumelanise nezinguquko ngokushesha. Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokulondolozwa okuphumelelayo amanzi ahlanzekile, anomoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke udinga ukunakekela ukuhlunga okunamandla nokuqina kwe-aquarium. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngoshintsho lwamanzi lwamasonto onke, ngenani lama-20-30% wevolumu ye-aquarium ephelele. Ukushisa okuphezulu kusuka ku-22 kuye ku-27 C. Kuyadingeka ukugwema amanzi amaningi kakhulu noma athambile kakhulu.

Bheka indawo yokuhlala kwe-synodontis.

Njengoba i-synodontis ingumnikazi wezimpondo eziningi ezibucayi, kungcono ukubeka inhlabathi e-aquarium hhayi okulimazayo. Inketho efanelekayo yisihlabathi noma amatshe abushelelezi. Izitshalo ze-Aquarium nazo kudingeka zikhethwe ngokucophelela, kungcono ukuhlala ezinhlotsheni ezihamba kanzima, ngoba i-catfish ingajabulela izitshalo ezinamaqabunga athambile. Lapho uklama i-aquarium, udinga ukunakekela izindawo eziningi ezihlala emigedeni, emigedeni nasezindlini lapho izinguquko zekati zingafihla khona amahora amaningi okukhanya kwelanga.

Imvamisa inokuthula futhi inobungane, ama-catfish angavikela indawo ngendluzula ezihlotsheni noma avule indawo yokuzingela izakhamuzi ezincane ze-aquarium. Kepha ngenani elanele lezindawo zokukhosela, ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi akubangeli izinkinga ezikhethekile. Imvamisa, i-synodontis iba ngumlingani omuhle kakhulu ngisho nowe-cichlid futhi, ngenxa yezimpondo zayo eziguquguqukayo kanye nekhono lokukhuphuka ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula, kusiza ngisho nokugcina ukuhlanzeka ku-aquarium.

USomik yisikole esisafunda isikole, ngakho uma uthenga udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isilwane se-aquarium asitholi. Uma umthamo we-aquarium uvumela - kungcono ukuthenga okungenani abantu abangu-2-3. Ukugcina inani elinjalo lezinhlanzi, i-aquarium yamalitha angama-70 noma ngaphezulu kufanelekile.

Ukondla

Ukuguqula kuthanda ukudla kusuka ebusweni bamanzi, ngoba emvelweni kwakuyizinambuzane ikakhulukazi ezawa phezu kwamanzi. Kungcono ukondla i-catfish kusihlwa, lapho kuqala ukusebenza kwabo. Badla ukudla okuhle njengokudla okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe ngohlobo lwama-granules, ama-flakes noma ama-pellets, futhi abakaze benqabe ukudla okuphilayo (i-bloodworms, i-brine shrimp, i-shrimp noma ingxube). ISynodontis nayo izokujabulela ukudla izingcezu ikhukhamba noma i-zucchini egcotshwe ngamanzi abilayo, kepha lokhu kudla kufanele kunikezwe izinhlanzi ngesinye isikhathi, ngendlela yama-goodies. AmaSulumane abonakala ngokudla okuthe xaxa nokuthambekela kokukhuluphala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungazidli ngokweqile. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi uhlele izinhlanzi lezo okuthiwa izinsuku zokuzila, uzishiyele ngaphandle kokudla kosuku olulodwa ngesonto.

Bheka i-synodontis ebambisene ne-Siamese perch.

Ukuzala

ISynodontis iyinhlobo enzima yokuzalanisa izinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili ezinhlanzini kwenzeka ngeminyaka engama-2-3. Ukuze zikhiqizwe kabusha kudinga ukulungiselela ngokucophelela. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela i-aquarium ethambile (okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma) ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi uyihlomise ngezitshalo nezindawo zokukhosela.

Ukuqala ukwanda, kudingeka lezi zinhlaka zamanzi ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa cishe ngu-25 - 27 C, ubulukhuni mayelana ne-10, i-acidity esezingeni lamayunithi ayi-7. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi lokhu akwanele futhi kufanele usebenzise imijovo ye-hormonal. Ngemuva kwemijovo, abakhiqizi babekwa ezindaweni ezinwebayo futhi ukuqhekeka kuqala.

Ngemuva kokusakaza, kuyadingeka ukususa ngokushesha abakhiqizi ekuqhekekeni. Fry hatch ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-8. Ngemuva kwalokhu okwenzekile - ukusatshalaliswa kufanele kuvalwe ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kuyinto engathandeki ukuba nefry. Ngosuku lwe-4, ungaqala ukondla gazinga ngothuli noma ama-analogues bukhoma.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-synodontis noma i-catfish changeling kuyinhlanzi emangalisayo engadingi mzamo omkhulu ukuze inakekelwe. Kuzoba lula ukuthi umlweli we-novice amnakekele futhi akunzima ukudala izimo zokuphila ezintofontofo, futhi isazi se-aodologist uSnodontis sizomhlula ngemikhuba yakhe yasekuqaleni nokubukeka okuhle.