Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, indoda inesifiso esikhulu sokubona konke okufanayo - isibonelo, isithombe esibonisa ushaka omhlophe omkhulu kunabo bonke. Kodwa ukwenza isithombe esinjalo kunzima kakhulu.
Kunezizathu eziningi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ubunzima bokuthola inyamazane enkulu, ukukhetha i-angle efanelekile, ukubonakala okunganele emanzini olwandle, ingozi ehambisana nokushaywa koshaka.
Ngokungafani nezilwane zasolwandle, ezaziwa ngokufuna ukwazi nokuxhumana kwazo, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uzobheka into engaziwa ukusuka endaweni yokubuka ukuqina kwayo / ukuqina kwayo.
Abanye abantu bezishaka ezinkulu ezimhlophe nokho bakhula baba ngamasayizi angenakutholwa ngomunye umdlwenguli wolwandle - umkhomo obulala (i-Orcinus orca). Ama-killer whales afinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-10 nesisindo samathani ayi-7 ("aminyene" ngokwengeziwe), kuyilapho ubude obukhulu boshaka abamhlophe bungakasungulwa ngokuqondile.
Ngubani ushaka omhlophe omkhulu kangaka?
Amasayizi oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe
Ukuphila ngqo koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe akaziwa - akukwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside bese bekubukwa.
Ososayensi babheka ubudala obukhulu kakhulu boshaka abamhlophe abalingana neminyaka engama-70-100. Uma isikhathi esiphakeme kakhulu sezinyamazane silingana impela nekhulu leminyaka, khona-ke usayizi woshaka oneminyaka eyi-100 kufanele ube mkhulu nje futhi nezinombolo zamamitha ayi-10-12 ngeke zinqunyelwe ngokuphelele.
Izithombe zoqobo, lapho ushaka omhlophe omkhulu kunazo zonke zilele isisindo ezinyaweni zabadobi, zibhalwe ngo-1945: ushaka obanjiwe wawunesisindo esingamathani amathathu, ubude bawo baba ngamamitha ayi-6.4.
Kuliqiniso, kunephuzu elilodwa - izidumbu zabashaka ababanjiwe nabalulame emanzini zisheshe ziphelelwe ngumswakama, i.e. ukuncipha, ukuncipha ngosayizi nesisindo. Ngakho-ke, imiphumela yezilinganiso ezithathwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokubanjwa komdlwenguli futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ingahlangani - umehluko ungafinyelela ku-10%.
Ku-"Jaws" eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-thriller, umdobi we-glomy odabukisayo unquma ubude beshaka we-cannibal kumamitha angama-7.5.
Kepha kunobufakazi obuningi babadobi abathi bahlangana nabantu bangempela boshaka abakhulu abamhlophe obukhulu obukhulu - ngamamitha ayi-10,7 no-12,2.
Baqinisile kangakanani lobu bufakazi futhi uma kuyiqiniso, kungani umhlaseli omkhulu omhlophe engakabanjwa kuze kube manje?
Mhlawumbe iphuzu lonke yikhono lamanzi lokuphinda kukhanye imisebe yelanga, ligudluke ngokubonakalayo futhi likhulise into ebukwayo - abadobi babona oshaka abebukhulu obukhulu kunalokho ababekucabanga.
Lo mphumela uyafana nokwandiswa kwesithombe - ngokwesibonelo, esithombeni "ushaka omkhulu omhlophe", ungamane ukhulisa ushaka uqobo, ushiye ingaphakathi elingashintshiwe (indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kusithombe montage).
Bukela ividiyo - Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu kunayo yonke:
Izici ze-White Giants
Umbala walesi silwane esiyingozi ujwayelekile koshaka: emuva nezinhlangothi ziphuzi ngombala onsundu, umbala wazo ungahlukahluka kusuka kokukhanya kuye kokumnyama. Kepha ingaphakathi lesisu, njengezinhlanzi eziningi, licishe libe mhlophe.
Oshaka abamhlophe abangamamitha amane yintsha engakwazi ukuzala. Kokubili abasha nabadala, abashadile futhi abakaze babuthane emhlambini.
Zizingela noma ngabe yikuphi lapho ungathola khona inyamazane efanelekile: zombili ezigangeni nasogwini lwamanzi olwandle, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic.
Oshaka abaningi abamhlophe beza ngaphesheya kwezilwandle oLwandle lwaseJapan, oLwandlekazi iPacific ngasogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, nase-Afrika, e-Australia naseNew Zealand, ezindaweni ezisenkabeni zeMedithera nezilwandle i-Adriatic, nakwezinye izindawo ezikude.
Lungisa amanzi afudumele, kepha angabhukuda lapho kupholile. Imvamisa ukuntanta ngaphezulu, kepha futhi kwenzeka ekujuleni okukhulu, kwesinye isikhathi okungaphezu kwamamitha ayinkulungwane.
Kwabaningi boshaka abakhulu abamhlophe, kunemizila yokuhamba unomphela, ngokwesibonelo, ukusuka ogwini lwaseCalifornia iye eHawaii, ukusuka ogwini lwase-Australia kuya eSouth Africa kanye nokuphikisana nalokho, lapho izinhlanzi zibhukuda amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka.
Amazinyo angamasentimitha angu-5 anezinothi ngasemaphethelweni, asemigqeni engu-3-5, nemihlathi ebanzi evumela lesi silo esikhulu ukuba sizingele inyamazane enkulu, siluma kalula imilenze noma izingcezu ezinkulu zesisulu esiphilayo bese siwagwinya masinyane.
Imvamisa ukuzingela kubalingani babo - oshaka abancane nabaphakathi abagwinywe cishe ngokuphelele.
Ngokungangabazeki, kuhlu lwezisulu kukhona nomuntu, akusikho ize ukuthi lolu hlobo lubizwe ngokuthi ushaka we-cannibal noma "ukufa okumhlophe". Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sidlakela sihlasela hhayi nje abantu abantantayo emanzini, kodwa nalabo abahleli ezikebheni.
Bukela ividiyo - Ukuzingela ushaka omhlophe omkhulu:
Kungani kunzima ukuhlangabezana noshaka omkhulu omhlophe?
Ukucwaninga okwenziwe ngamakhulu eminyaka kososayensi kusivumela ukuthi sinqume iphethini elilodwa ekudalekeni kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: osayizi abakhulu bezilwane ezidliwayo kungenzeka kuphela lapho kukhona ama-herbivores amakhulu, i.e. ukudla kudingeka kube kuningi.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, zonke izilwane ezinkulu nezinhlanzi zizofa yindlala - kunzima ukondla umzimba omkhulu futhi oqinile.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi cishe ngeminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi amahlosi abamba amathebhu, izimpisi ezinkulu namabhere kwafa ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe ngasikhathi sinye, oshaka abakhulu uMegalodon wanyamalala ngokuphelele - ihloka elithile lemvelo lancisha ukudla kwama-herbivores amakhulu kanye nokufa kwezinhlobo eziningi kwahamba ngokulandelana kokudla.
Ngakho-ke, isithombe, esithatha ushaka omhlophe omkhulu kunamamitha ayi-6 ubude, sihluke ngohlobo lwaso. Impela, ubuningi bokudla obwedlule ekujuleni kolwandle bunyenyezwa kakhulu ngumuntu: inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi nokudla kwasolwandle, ingozi yamathangi namapulatifomu kawoyela.
Ebantwini, lokhu kumane kulahlekile noma inzuzo yenzuzo, ngempilo yasolwandle - lokhu kungusongo lwangempela lokuqothulwa kunoma yikuphi.
Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu ungafinyelela emasayizi amakhulu ngobudala futhi kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle: ukudla okuningi, akukho zitha nokushisa okuhle kwamanzi. Kepha la mathuba mancane futhi mancane minyaka yonke.
Ngifuna ukwazi konke
Esivele sikufunde ngoshaka:
Manje ake sihlole ushaka obedume kakhulu nowunegazi.
Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu (i-lat.Carcharodon carcharias) - owaziwa nangokuthi ushaka omhlophe, ukufa okumhlophe, ushaka we-cannibal, ikarharodon - inhlanzi enkulu ebabayo etholakala emanzini asolwandle aso wonke olwandle loMhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic.
Lesi sidlwengu sinegama laso ngombala omhlophe wengxenye yesisu somzimba, umugqa ophukile ezinhlangothini ezihlukaniswe umhlane omnyama. Kufinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-7 nobunzima obungaphezu kwama-3000 kg, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe inhlanzi enkulu yanamuhla eyingozi (ngokungakhathaleli oshaka abakhulu nabakhulu abadla iplankton).
Ngaphezu kosayizi omkhulu kakhulu, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uzitholele udumo oludumile lwe-cannibal cannibal ngenxa yokuhlaselwa okuningi kwababhukudi, abahlukahlukene kanye nabasakazi. Amathuba okusinda ekuhlaselweni koshaka bokudla umuntu angaphansi kakhulu kunalawo angaphansi kwamasondo eloli. Umzimba onamandla oshukumayo, umlomo omkhulu, ohlome ngamazinyo abukhali futhi unesifiso sokwanelisa indlala yalomdlwenguli ngeke ushiye isisulu ethembeni lokusindiswa uma ushaka ezimisele ukuzuza enyameni yomuntu.
IGreater Shark okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezisindayo zohlobo lweCarcharodon.
Kusondele ukuqothula - kukhona abangabalelwa ku-3 500 kuphela eMhlabeni.
Igama lokuqala lesayensi, i-squalus carcharias, lanikezwa ushaka omkhulu omhlophe nguCarl Linnaeus ngo-1758.
U-Zoologist E. Smith ngonyaka we-1833 waqamba igama elejwayelekile elithi Carcharodon (isiGrikhi karcharos esi-spike + nesiGreek. Odous - izinyo). Igama lokugcina lesayensi yanamuhla lenhlobo lenziwa ngonyaka we-1873, lapho igama lezinhlobo zamaLinnean lahlanganiswa khona negama lohlobo ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa - i-Carcharodon carcharias.
IGreater White ingeyomndeni we-herring shark (Lamnidae), okubandakanya ezinye izinhlobo ezine zabasolwandle abasemanzini: i-mako shark (i-Isurus oxyrinchus), i-long makobo (i-Longfin mako), iPark salmon shark (iLamna nasropis) ne-Atlantic herark shark (Lamna nasus).
Ukufana kwesakhiwo nokwakheka kwamazinyo, kanye nosayizi omkhulu woshaka omkhulu omhlophe kanye ne-prehistoric megalodon, kuye kwabangela ukuba ososayensi abaningi bababheke njengezilwane ezihlobene kakhulu. Lokhu kucatshangwa kuboniswa egameni lesayensi lakamuva - iCrarkarodon megalodon.
Njengamanje, ezinye izifundiswa zizwakalise ukungabaza ngobudlelwano obusondelene ne-carharadon ne-megalodon, zibabheka njengezihlobo ezikude ezingamalungu omndeni we-herring shark, kepha hhayi okuhlobene kakhulu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveza ukuthi ushaka omhlophe useduze ne-makoaka shark kune-megalodon. Ngokomqondo obekwe phambili, ukhokho wangempela koshaka omhlophe omkhulu yi-Isurus hasalis, kuyilapho ama-megalodons ahlobene ngokuqondile nabasiki bezinhlobo zeCarcharocle. Ngokusho komqondo ofanayo, i-Otodus obliquus ithathwa njengommeleli wegatsha lasendulo eliqothulayo leCarcharocles megalodon olnius.
Izinyo lokuthosa
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uhlala emhlabeni wonke emanzini asogwini lwamashalofu ezwekazini, okushisa akuqala kusuka kuma-12 kuye kwangama-24 degrees C. Emanzini abandayo, oshaka abamhlophe cishe abatholakali. Azihlali olwandle olunosawoti futhi olunosawoti omncane. Isibonelo, abatholwanga kuLwandle Olumnyama, okuyinto entsha kakhulu kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, oLwandle Olumnyama akukho ukudla okwanele kwesisulu esikhulu kangako njengoshaka omkhulu omhlophe.
Indawo yokuhlala koshaka omhlophe omkhulu imboza amanzi amaningi asogwini lolwandle olufudumele nolunethezekayo loLwandle Lomhlaba. Imephu engenhla ikhombisa ukuthi ungayihlangana nayo yonke indawo ebangeni eliphakathi kolwandle lwaplanethi, ngaphandle kokuthi, yi-Arctic.
Eningizimu, ayitholakali ngaphezu kogu oluseningizimu ye-Australia kanye nogu lwaseNingizimu Afrika. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nabasakazi abamhlophe abaningi ngasogwini lweCalifornia, eduze kwesiqhingi saseMexico iGuadeloupe. Abanye abantu bahlala maphakathi neLwandle iMedithera nolwandle i-Adriatic (i-Itali, iCroatia), ogwini lweNew Zealand, lapho bavikela khona izinhlobo zezilwane.
Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bavame ukubhukuda emihlambini emincane.
Omunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu ukhethe isiqhingi saseDyer (South Africa), okuyisiza sezifundo eziningi zesayensi zalolu hlobo loshaka. Ngokuvamile, oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe batholakala eCaribbean, ngasogwini lwaseMauritius, eMadagascar, Kenya nasezindaweni eziseduze naseSeychelles. Abantu abaningi basinda ogwini lwaseCalifornia, Australia naseNew Zealand.
AmaKarharodons ayizinhlanzi ezi-epipelagic, ukubukeka kwawo kuvame ukubonwa futhi kuqoshwe emanzini asolwandle asolwandle, kugcwele izinyamazane ezinjengezimpawu zamanzi zasolwandle, amabhubesi olwandle, imikhomo, lapho kuhlala khona abanye oshaka nezinhlanzi ezinkulu zamathambo.
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uqanjwa ngokuthi inkosikazi yolwandle, ngoba akekho ongafanisa naye emandleni okuhlaselwa kwezinye izinhlanzi nezakhamizi zolwandle. Umkhomo omkhulu kuphela obulala owesabisa i-karharodona.
Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bayakwazi ukufuduka amabanga amade futhi bangashona ekujuleni okukhulu: laba oshaka baqoshwa ekujuleni okungaba ngu-1300 m.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ufuduka phakathi kweBaja California (Mexico) nendawo eseduze neHawaii, ebizwa ngokuthi i-White Shark Cafe, lapho echitha khona okungenani izinsuku eziyi-100 ngonyaka ngaphambi kokubuyela eBaja California. Endleleni, babhukuda kancane futhi bathuthele ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-900. Ngemuva kokufika ogwini, bashintsha indlela abaziphatha ngayo. Ukudonsa kwehliselwa ku-300 m futhi kuhlale kuze kube yimizuzu eyi-10.
Ushaka omhlophe, ogudle ugu lwaseNingizimu Afrika, wakhombisa izindlela zokuya ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Australia abuyele emuva, okwenze minyaka yonke. Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi le ndlela ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ubhukuda esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-9. Ubude bonke bendlela yokufuduka bubalelwa ku-20 000 km kuzo zombili izindlela.
Lezi zifundo beziphikise izinkolelo-mbono zendabuko, okusho ukuthi ushaka omhlophe wayethathwa njengowadlalela ogwini kuphela.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkumbi zabantu ushaka omhlophe, obekucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlukaniswa omunye nomunye kwasungulwa.
Izinhloso nezizathu zokuthi kungani ushaka omhlophe efuduka namanje akwaziwa. Kuneziphakamiso zokuthi ukufuduka kungenxa yesimo sonyaka sokuzingela noma sokuzala imidlalo.
Ukudla ushaka omkhulu omhlophe wesimo esijikelekile, esimise okwenqenqemeni, njengoshaka abaningi - izinyamazane ezisebenzayo. Ikhanda elikhulu, elinomzimba obumbene onamehlo amancane abekwe kulo kanye namakhala, okuholela kulo ama-grooves amancane, okwandisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kuma-receptors oshaka abalingiswa.
Umlomo ubanzi kakhulu, uhlome ngamazinyo abukhali abunjiwe njengonxantathu anemisila ezinhlangothini. Ngamazinyo anjengezembe, ushaka usika kalula izingcezu zenyama ezixhashazweni. Inani lamazinyo woshaka omkhulu omhlophe, onjengalo wehlosi, lingama-280-300. Zihlelwe ngemigqa eminingana (imvamisa 5). Ukushintshwa ngokuphelele komugqa wokuqala wamazinyo kubantu abasha boshaka abakhulu abamhlophe kwenzeka ngokwesilinganiso kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu, kubantu abadala - kanye ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili, i.e. omncane ushaka, lapho beshintsha kakhulu amazinyo abo.
Ama-gill slits akhiwe ngemuva kwekhanda - amahlanu ohlangothini ngalunye.
Umbala womzimba koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe njengokujwayelekile ukubhukuda kwezinhlanzi kukholamu yamanzi. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lulula, luvame ukungcola lube mhlophe, uhlangothi lwe-dorsal lube mnyama - grey, linemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nsundu noma oluhlaza. Lo mbala wenza inyamazane ibambe ongezansi kwikholamu yamanzi futhi iwuvumela ukuba uzingele inyamazane kahle.
Enkulu futhi enamanzi ingaphandle dorsal Fin kanye ezimbili pectoral. Amaphinifa we-ventral, wesibili ne-analins mancane. Amapayipi aqeda ngenhlawulo enkulu ye-caudal, yomibili le mibala, njengawo wonke oshaka basalwandle, icishe ifane.
Phakathi kwezimpawu zesakhiwo se-anatomical, kufanelekile ukuthi uqaphele uhlelo lokujikeleza olwenziwe kahle koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe, ekuvumela ukuthi ufudumele izicubu, ngaleyo ndlela ufinyelele ukuhamba okuphezulu koshaka emanzini.
Njengabo bonke oshaka, omhlophe omkhulu awunaso isigaxa sokubhukuda, yingakho kufanele bahlale behamba ukuze bangaxiki. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi oshaka abezwa noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka okuthile. Kwizigidi zeminyaka, abakwazanga ngaphandle kwe-bubble futhi abahlushwa yiyo nhlobo.
Osayizi abajwayelekile boshaka abakhulu abamhlophe ngamamitha angama-4-5,2 futhi anesisindo esingu-700-1000 kg.
Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa. Ubukhulu obukhulu boshaka obumhlophe bungamamitha ayi-8 anesisindo esingaphezu kwama-3500 kg.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubukhulu obukhulu boshaka obumhlophe buyisihloko esiphikisanayo. Abanye ochwepheshe bezilwane, ochwepheshe koshaka, bakholelwa ukuthi ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ungafinyelela osayizi abalulekile - ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 ngisho no-12 ubude.
Kwaphela amashumishumi eminyaka, imisebenzi eminingi yesayensi ku-ichthyology, kanye neNcwadi yamaRekhodi, yabizwa ngababakhulu kunabo bonke oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe abake babamba abantu ababili: ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ongu-10,9 m ubude, obanjwe emanzini aseningizimu ne-Australia eduze nasePort Fairy ngo-1870- Iminyaka engu-x, kanye noshaka omkhulu omhlophe ongu-11.3 m ubude, wabanjwa ugibe lwe-herring edamini esifundazweni saseNew Brunswick (Canada) ngo-1930. Imilayezo mayelana nokubanjwa kwama-sampuli angu-6.5-7 amamitha ubude yayijwayelekile, kepha ubukhulu obungenhla buhlala baziwa buphakeme.
Abanye abaphenyi bangabaza ukunemba kwezilinganiso zobukhulu baba shaka kuzona zombili lezi zigameko. Isizathu salokhu kungabaza ngumehluko omkhulu phakathi kosayizi babantu abarekhodiwe nawo wonke amanye amasayizi amakhulu oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe abatholakala ngezilinganiso eziqondile. Ushaka ovela eNew Brunswick kungenzeka ubengabi mhlophe, kepha ushaka omkhulu, ngoba womabili oshaka banomzimba ofanayo. Njengoba iqiniso lokubamba lo shark nokukalwa kwalo alizange kubhalwe phansi yi-ichthyologists, kodwa ngabadobi, iphutha elinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi lenzeka. Umbuzo ngosayizi wabashaka abavela ePorta Fairy wacaciswa ngeminyaka yama-1970s lapho uchwepheshe ongu-shark D.I.UReynolds wafunda umhlathi wale shark emhlophe enkulu.
Ngobukhulu bamazinyo nemihlathi yakhe, uthole ukuthi ushaka wePorta Fairy wawungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6 ubude. Ngokusobala, kwenziwa iphutha ekulinganiseni usayizi wale shark ukuze kutholakale umuzwa.
Ososayensi banqume usayizi womcabango omkhulu kunabo bonke, ubude bawo bulinganiswa ngokuthembekile, kumamitha ayi-6.4. Lo shark omkhulu omhlophe wabanjwa emanzini aseCuba ngonyaka we-1945, walinganiswa ngochwepheshe abanezilinganiso ezibhaliwe. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nakulesi simo, bekukhona ochwepheshe abathi lo shark empeleni wayeyizinyawo ezimbalwa. Isisindo esingaqinisekiswanga sale shaka waseCuba sasingu-3270 kg.
Ama-carharadons amancane adla izinhlanzi ezisebunyeni eziphakathi nendawo, izilwane ezincane zasolwandle kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo. Oshaka abamhlophe abakhulile bathola inyamazane enkulu - izimbotshana, izingulube zasolwandle, izinhlanzi ezinkulu, kubandakanya oshaka abancane, ama-cephalopods nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezinempilo kakhulu ekudleni kwabo. Musa ukudlula izidumbu zomnenga.
Umbala okhanyayo ubenza babonakale bengaqondakali ngemuva kwamadwala angaphansi kwamanzi lapho bezingela inyamazane.
Ukushisa komzimba okuphezulu okukhona kubo bonke oshaka be-herring kuyabavumela ukuba bakhule isivinini esikhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, futhi kuvuse nomsebenzi wobuchopho, ngenxa yalokho oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe kwesinye isikhathi abasebenzisa ukuhamba ngobuqili ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Uma sengeza kulokhu umzimba omkhulu, imihlathi enamandla anamazinyo aqinile futhi abukhali, khona-ke siyakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi inyamazane enkulu ilungele oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe.
Izifiso zokudla koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe zifaka uphawu lwezimpawu zasolwandle nezinye izilwane zasolwandle, kubandakanya namahlengethwa nemikhomo emincane. Ukudla kwezilwane okunamafutha kuyadingeka kulaba bantu abazingelayo ukuze kugcinwe ukulingana kwamandla emzimbeni. Uhlelo lokushisa igazi lezicubu zezicubu emishinini emikhulu emhlophe idinga ukudla okunekhalori ephezulu. Futhi izicubu ezifudumele zinikeza ukuhamba okuphezulu emzimbeni woshaka.
Amasu wokuzingela ushaka omhlophe omkhulu wezimpawu zamanzi ayathandeki. Ekuqaleni, ishelelala ngokuqondile kwikholamu yamanzi, njengokungathi ayiboni ukuthi inyamazane ehlelekile intantayo phezu kobuso, khona-ke, lapho isondela isisulu eduze, ishintsha ngokushesha uhlangothi lwayo lokuya phezulu bese iyayihlasela. Kwesinye isikhathi oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe baze bagxume baphume emanzini ngamamitha amaningana ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa.
Imvamisa, i-karharodon ayibulali uphawu ngokushesha, kepha ngokuyishaya isuka phansi ngekhanda noma ukuyiluma kancane, iphonsa ngenhla kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho ubuyela ohlukunyeziwe olimele aludle.
Uma sibhekela isifiso soshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bokudla okunamafutha ngesimo sezilwane ezincane zasolwandle, khona-ke isizathu sobuningi bokuhlaselwa koshaka kubantu emanzini siyacaca. Ababhukuda futhi ikakhulukazi ababhukudi, uma bebukwa besuka ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, kuyafana ukuthi lapho behamba inyamazane yabo inyamazane ejwayelekile. Lokhu kungabuye futhi kuchaze iqiniso elaziwayo, lapho, kaningi, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe eluma ukubhukuda futhi, lapho esebonile iphutha, umshiye, edangele. Amathambo abantu awanakuqhathaniswa namanoni okusika.
Ungabuka ifilimu mayelana noshaka omkhulu omhlophe nemikhuba yawo yokuzingela LAPHA.
Kusenemibuzo eminingi nezimfihlo eziphathelene nokukhiqizwa koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe. Akekho okwakumele abuke ukuthi zishada kanjani nokuthi insikazi izalela kanjani amawundlu. Oshaka abamhlophe abakhulu yizinhlanzi ezi-ovoviviparous, njengoshaka abaningi.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe amawundlu noma amabili. Oshaka abamhlophe abakhulu babonwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-intrauterine cannibalism, lapho oshaka abathuthuke kakhulu futhi beqina kakhulu bedla, noma esibelethweni sikamama, abafowabo nodadewabo ababuthakathaka.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zifakwe amazinyo nakho konke okudingekayo ukuqala impilo esebenzayo njengabazingeli.
Oshaka abasebasha bakhula kancane futhi bafinyelele ebusheni, cishe ngeminyaka eyi-12-16. Kwakuyinto ephansi kakhulu koshaka abamhlophe abakhulu kanye nokuthomba isikhathi eside okuye kwabangela ukwehla kancane kancane kwenani lalaba bantu abadla izindwani olwandle.
IGreater Shark, noma iCarcharodon carcharias, iyisidlakela esikhulu soshaka besimanje. Ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezisindayo zozalo lukaKarharodon "ukufa okumhlophe", okuyiyo yodwa efanele ukuhlonishwa. Lesi silo esinezinyawo ezibukhali asishiyi thuba lokusindiswa kunoma ngubani. IKarharodon ithanda amanzi asogwini lwe-plume yezwekazi, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu. Kodwa-ke, kubantu ngamunye, enye yezindawo zokuhlala uLwandle iMedithera. Yize kubukeka sengathi lolu lwandle lubhekwa njengelinye oluphephile kakhulu ngokuhlaselwa koshaka abakhona kubantu. Ngabe kukufanele yini ukwesaba oshaka abamhlophe eMedithera futhi abazingeli baziphatha kanjani kulamanzi afudumele?
Ake sibheke.
Ulwandle iMedithera luxhumana ne-Atlantic ngokusebenzisa iStrait of Gibraltar. Ngakho-ke, ngokolwazi lwakamuva, inani labantu “bomdabu” boshaka abamhlophe liphindeke kathathu lapha. Ukushushumbisa okungabhaliwe kweKarharodon, njengomthombo wemikhiqizo emnandi - izinkezo, amafutha, isibindi, kanye nesikhumbuzo esibizayo - imihlathi, kuholele ekutheni oshaka abamhlophe eMedithera basondele ekuqothulweni. Lokhu kungaholela ekushintsheni okuyinhlekelele kuyo yonke imvelo yasemanzini, ngoba lolu hlobo oluthile lubamba iqhaza lamaphoyisa esifundazweni esingaphansi kwamanzi.
Kepha, imvelo yanakekela imvuthuluka yayo ye-toothy. Njengamanje, amacala okufuduka koshaka base-cannibal asuka e-Atlantic asebekhona kaningi - yize ehamba kancane, kepha ayalithola inani lawo.
Ingabe kufanele sesabe ukuhlangana nabasakazi abakhulu abamhlophe eMedithera? Kuyavela ukuthi umuntu akayona inyamazane efiswa kakhulu ye-carkharodon. Imizimba yethu inenhliziyo emincane kakhulu futhi inesifiso sokufisa ushaka omkhulu omhlophe, ngakho oshaka abamhlophe bakhetha i-tuna enamafutha esikhundleni se-homo sapiens. Kuwo wonke umlando, sekurekhodwe kuphela izehlakalo ezimbalwa zokuhlaselwa kwababulali begazi ngqo oLwandle iMedithera, futhi ngisho nabantu bacasulwa.
Izisulu ezivame kakhulu kwabasakazi abamhlophe abadobi bezemidlalo kanye nabadidiyeli abanesibindi sokubhukuda eduze kakhulu nomdlangi. Kuyajabulisa ukuthi kwakuyinto "yoshaka" eyabhaliswa eMedithera - uma ikararodon ihlasela umuntu, ayizange ikukhiphe, njengoba kwenzeka kwamanye olwandle, kepha, izamile ukuluma futhi yabona ukuthi akuyona neze into edla ukudla, yidedele ihambe ibhukuda.
Mhlawumbe lokhu kuziphatha koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe kuhlotshaniswa nemvelo, futhi mhlawumbe isizathu ingcebo yokudla kwamanzi endawo - kunezinhlanzi eziningi olwandle lweMedithera, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-45 zabashaka, cishe zonke zazo ezingaba isisulu se-carcharodon. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuzwa ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile kwenyama yomuntu, ikarkharodon ivame ukwenqaba ukuyidla.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona umbono wochwepheshe wokuthi ushaka omkhulu omhlophe angathatha indlela ye-cannibalism, ngemuva kokunambitha ukunambitheka kwenyama yomuntu ngezikhathi ezilambile. Kodwa-ke, kungashiwo okufanayo nangezinye izidlova ezisebenzayo ezivela emphakathini woshaka.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iminyaka emithathu edlule ibonakaliswa ngokwanda kokuhlangana kwe-carcharodon-man emanzini asogwini lweMedithera. Imvamisa, laba shaka abazikhukhumezayo ababhukudi eduze nezibi, bakhetha amanzi ahlanzekile, kepha kulezi zinsuku amabhishi asuke evaliwe kakhulu ngenxa yokubonakala koshaka abamhlophe. Ngakho-ke, amaholide asemabhishi aseCote d'Azur, u-Levantine ugu, izindawo zokungcebeleka zaseSpain, Turkey neMontenegro zakhishwa. Lokhu akusho ukuthi amabhishi ahlaselwa ngabazingeli abamhlophe, cha, nje oshaka babhukuda basondele ogwini eduze kwamamitha ayi-100. Kwezinye izimo, oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bavele badidaniswe namahlengethwa.
Ukwesaba ushaka omkhulu omhlophe eMedithera kushukunyiswa inqwaba yamafilimu akhuluma ngoshaka ababulala, kanye namacala angawodwa okuhlaselwa, okuthi ngokushesha kube yisihloko se-sensational hype kwabezindaba, kuvame ukuchaza izehlakalo ezinemibala engenangqondo.
Ngakho-ke, umhlaba wonke wahlangabezana nezindaba ezishaqisayo ngokufa kwamazinyo asesikhathini somqondisi wehlelo lenkolo lase-Italy, elenzeka ogwini lweCyprus. Kodwa-ke, akekho owabeka ukuthi le ndoda inqume ukuzizama ekulobeni imidlalo manje. Ezama ukubamba ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ngenduku yokudoba, umane wawela olwandle, lapho walunywa khona yimihlathi emihlathini emikhulu. Akusekho okunye ukufa kwabantu okuvela ekuhlaselweni kweKarharodon kule ndawo.
IMedithera akuyona indawo yokudoba. Abekho abadobi abaningi lapha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulondolozi ushaka omhlophe ekuzingeleni kwabantu. Njengoba kuyibhizinisi lokuqola elithuthukiswayo, khona-ke zonke izisulu zenzelwe abazongenela amaholide.
Ubuhlalu obunemibala emhlophe babulawa ngenxa yamanzi, izimbambo, namazinyo. Amanoni ayimidumo edume umhlaba wonke, avame ukubamba izinhlanzi, asike amaphini awo futhi ahlukane nomzingeli ongelambuleko afe. Imvamisa, oshaka abanjileko bafa emihlathini yezizwe zabo, ezisebenzisa ngokungenamandla okuthola usizo.
AmaSobho alungiswa kusuka kumaphini ezindaweni zokudlela ezigudle ugu, ingxenye eyodwa efinyelela kubiza engu- $ 100. Imibhobho yenziwa ukukhiqizwa kwama-souvenir combs, trinkets, njll.
Into engenayo ehlukile ngamazinyo nemihlathi. Amaqoqo anikela ku- $ 1000 ngomhlathi wekarharodon ogwini lwase-Italy.
IGreater Shark - inkosikazi yemanzini olwandle. IMedithera, njengoba kwenzeka, akuyona indawo yokuhlala ethandwa kakhulu yezakhamuzi zase-carhadon. Kodwa-ke, la manzi aqondiswa ubuhle obuhle obunemibala emhlophe. Ama-calm, asolaka kancane, oshaka abamhlophe boLwandle iMedithera ahlukile kubalingani babo. Ngokugcina ibhalansi yemvelo, lezi zidlova zasendulo zihlobisa yonke imvelo yasemanzini, futhi zizoqhubeka nokuhamba emanzini aseMedithera iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Futhi umuntu kuphela, ngokuhaha kwakhe futhi uthathwa njengesihluku esiyihluku, ongaqeda ukuba khona kwalesi sikhulu esikhulu esimhlophe, esidingekayo esimweni somama.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi aqinisekisa izithelo ezinjalo zomsebenzi womuntu maqondana nezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo emlandweni; konke lokhu kukhonjiswa amakhasi amnyama e-International Red Book.
Ucwaningo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwesayensi luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abahlukumeza ukudoba, uqobo kuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sokudla koshaka, futhi ukuntuleka kokudla yisona sizathu esikhulu sokuziphatha kwabo okunolaka kubantu ababhukuda kanye nabasubathi. Isibalo sokuxabana siyanda ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi bangena olwandle oluvulekile, bangazinaki izixwayiso zeziphathimandla, bangene ezindaweni zokuhlala oshaka, okuholela ekuqineni nasekushayaneni kwezilwane. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa abayi-6 kwabayi-10 bacasulwa abantu. Isibonelo, abahlukanisi be-scuba abaqinayo bazama ngokwengeziwe ukuthinta ushaka. Kaningi kuba nokuhlaselwa kwabadobi abazama ukuthola ushaka abalubambayo.
Ngabe uphuma kanjani uphila ekulweni noshaka? Nazi ezinye izibonelo ezivela empilweni. UShark wahlasela uRichard Watley maphakathi noJuni 2005 e-Alabama. Wayecishe abe ngamamitha ayi-100 ukusuka ogwini lapho ezwa i-push enamandla ethangeni. Wabona ukuthi lokhu kwakushaka, futhi wazama ukuphunyula. Ngomzuzwana nje, ushaka uthole ipali elinamandla ekhaleni - konke lokho okwakwenziwa nguRichard, wakufaka kulokhu kushaywa. Ngemuva kokuthumela isisulu ukuba singqongqoze, uRichard wazabalaza ngamandla akhe onke ogwini olusindisayo. Kepha ushaka walulama ngokushesha futhi waqhubeka nokuhlasela. Kodwa-ke, yonke imizamo yakhe yokuhlasela yaphela izinyembezi: ukushaywa kwakhala ekhaleni kulandela okulandelayo, kuze kube yilapho uRichard egcina ukukhasa olwandle ephephile. Ngale ndlela, lokhu kwakuwukuhlaselwa kokuqala koshaka okuqoshwe kubantu e-Alabama eminyakeni engama-25 edlule.
Manje yini? Unamandla wokukopela unamandla ekhaleni loshaka - ikhambi elisebenzayo? Kulesi simo, umuntu, empeleni, usindile, kepha ezimweni eziningi, ukushaywa okunjalo kuyothukuthelisa ushaka kuphela, ngakho-ke uma ubona ushaka, kungcono uvele uqhame bese ulindela usizo.
Yebo, okwamanje, ushaka uyisitha sokuqala sabantu emanzini. Kepha ngifuna ukwethemba ukuthi maduze nje owesilisa uzosungula izindlela ezithile ngokumelene nokuhlaselwa kwalaba bantu abazingela igazi. Manje-ke, mhlawumbe, ukwesaba komuntu le nhlanzi kuzophela futhi uzokwazisa laba bazingeli abanamandla bomhlaba wethu.
AmaShark aguqukile ngendlela efanelekile ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka yokuba khona kokuphila endaweni yasemanzini. Bangabizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi ephelele kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezaziwa ngumuntu. Ukusinda okuphumelela kakhudlwana, baswela into eyodwa kuphela - ukunakekela izingane. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, amawundlu ashiyelwa kumadivayisi wawo. Kepha mhlawumbe yingakho oshaka sebeyizidalwa eziphelele kangaka? Yize kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuthi ezweni elinamandla lemvelo, izinhlobo ezinamandla noma “zobuqili” ziyasinda. Isitha sodwa somuntu oshaka osekhulile ngumuntu. Yena, yize engayidluli ngosayizi womzimba nenombolo yamazinyo, uyakwazi ukubhubhisa noma ikuphi, noma ushaka omkhulu kunayo yonke, ngokucindezela okukodwa komunwe, ngokucindezela inkinobho yokubangela isikhali esilandelayo esibulalayo. Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokushiya lezi zidalwa zodwa unikeze inzalo yethu ithuba lokuthola umhlaba omangalisayo koshaka abamhlophe?
Amasu wokuhlasela ushaka omhlophe ahlukahlukene. Konke kuncike kulokho oshaka abakucabangayo. Lezi zilwane ezesabekayo ziyizilwane ezinelukuluku kakhulu. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuthi ahlole into afuna ukuyazi iwukuzama "ngeso." Ososayensi babiza lokhu kuluma "ucwaningo." Yibo abavame ukuthola abagibeli bezintanta ebusweni noma ezinhlangeni, oshaka, ngenxa yombono wabo obuthakathaka, bathatha izimbotshana noma amabhubesi olwandle. Ngemuva kokuqikelela ukuthi le "inyamazane eyi-bony" ayisiwona uphawu, ushaka angashiya umuntu uma engalambile kakhulu.
Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, kusuka kubantu abangama-80 kuye kwabangu-110 abantu abahlaselwa oshaka minyaka yonke (kubhekwa inani eliphelele lokuhlaselwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zabasakazi), okuyi-1 kuye kwele-17. Uma siqhathanisa, abantu babulala oshaka ababalelwa ezigidini eziyikhulu minyaka yonke.
I-Great White Shark: Inchazelo
Abantu abadala bangakhula bafinyelele kumamitha ayi-11 ubude, futhi nangaphezulu, yize iningi labantu elingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ubude futhi linesisindo esisuka ku-600 kuye ku-3 000 kilogalamu. Umzimba ongaphezulu, kanye nezingxenye eziseceleni, upendiwe ngophawu olubi lwe-grey, lapho kukhona amathunzi ansundu noma amnyama. Ingxenye engezansi ipendiwe imhlophe qhwa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Kuncane okwaziwayo ukuthi esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule (ngokulinganayo) kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlangatshezwane nezinyamazane ezifanayo, ubukhulu bawo obungamamitha angama-30 ubude. Cishe bangu-8 abantu ababengahlala ngokukhululeka emlonyeni wale shark, kanti le nhlanzi yayihlala esikhathini seTertiary.
Oshaka abamhlophe bancamela ukuhola indlela ehlukile yokuphila, kanti oshaka bangatholakala kokubili emanzini avulekile nasogwini lolwandle. Lezi zinhlanzi ezidlayo zihlala eduze kwamanzi, zithanda izindawo ezifudumele noma ezilinganiselayo ngezinto zazo zokuziphilisa. Ushaka unamazinyo amakhulu futhi abanzi, anobuthi obunxantathu, anezimpawu emaphethelweni awo. Kanye nemihlathi eqinile kakhulu, ushaka omhlophe ubhekana nanoma yisiphi isisulu ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ezidonsa kalula kuzo zombili izicubu ze-cartilaginous namathambo esisulu saso. Uma lesi sidlakudla sifikelwa umuzwa wokulamba, khona-ke kungahlasela noma iyiphi into enyakazayo emanzini.
Izici zokwakheka komzimba koshaka omhlophe yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ikhanda likhulu, lakhiwe ngendlela, futhi umlomo mkhulu ngokwanele.
- I-pair yamakhala, okuzungeza lapho kukhona okumbalwa okuncane, kokuxhuma kwamanzi okusebenzayo, okusiza ukuthuthukisa iphunga lomhlaseli.
- Amandla wokucindezelwa kwemihlathi afinyelela ku-18,000 ezinkulungwane ezintsha.
- Amazinyo ahlelwe ngemigqa emi-5, kanti inani lawo lifinyelela izingcezu ezingamakhulu amathathu, kuyilapho ezishintsha njalo.
- Ngaphandle kwekhanda, ama-gill slits atholakala. Inani labo yizicucu ezi-5.
- Ama-pectorals amakhulu amabili, kanye ne-dorsal fin, ayinyama. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuba khona kwenani elingeziwe, kepha elicwengekileyo, elichazayo, kanye ne-ventral kanye ne-anal.
- I-caudal fin inkulu impela.
- Isidlakudla sinesistimu yokujikeleza kahle eyenziwe kahle evumela ushaka ukuthi usheshe ufudumise izicubu zomsipha ukuze ukhuphule ijubane lokuhamba nokuhamba komzimba omkhulu kangako.
Umzuzu othokozisayo! Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe awunaso isigaxa sokubhukuda, ngakho-ke, isisulu esihlaselayo sinegama elibi. Ukuze ungashisi phansi, ushaka kumele uhlale unyakaza njalo.
Amehlo koshaka abucayi kakhulu kangangokuba uyakwazi ukubona inyamazane yakhe ebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Isitho esizwela ngokulinganayo umucu oseceleni woshaka, othatha izibonakaliso ezincane kunazo zonke ebangeni lamamitha amamitha, ahambisana nokungazinzi kukholamu yamanzi. Ushaka akagcini ngokubabamba kuphela, kodwa futhi uyabona nomsuka wokungaziphathi okunjalo.
Lapho kuhlala khona
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uhlala emanzini amakhulu olwandle futhi utholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo emhlabeni, ngaphandle koLwandlekazi i-Arctic, kanye nogu lwe-Australia (ngaphandle kwaseningizimu) naseNingizimu Afrika.
Iningi labantu lisatshalaliswa ngasogwini lwaseCalifornia, kanye nesiqhingi saseGuadeloupe kanye nensimu yaseMexico. Kutholakala inani elincane kakhulu loshaka omkhulu omhlophe ogwini lwase-Italy naseCroatia, kanye naseNew Zealand. La maqembu ambalwa koshaka abamhlophe avikelwe.
Eduze kwesiqhingi saseDyer kunabantu abaningi. Lapha, ososayensi benza ucwaningo lwabo kulomhlaseli othile. Izinombolo ezibalulekile koshaka abamhlophe nazo ziyatholakala:
- Ngasogwini lwaseMauritius.
- Ngasogwini lwaseMadagascar.
- Ngasogwini lwaseKenya.
- Eduze naseSeychelles.
- Eduze nase-Australia (ugu oluseningizimu).
- Eduze naseNew Zealand.
Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu awukhathaleli izimo zezemvelo, ngenkathi ukufuduka kwawo kuhlobene kakhulu nokuthungatha ukudla, kanye nokusesha izimo ezintofontofo zokuzala. Ngakho-ke, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ungahlala utholakala emanzini asogwini, lapho kunenqwaba yezimpawu zamanzi zasolwandle, amabhubesi asolwandle, imikhomo, kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, kubandakanya nezinhlobo ezincane zoshaka. Imikhomo emhlophe kuphela engasabi oshaka abamhlophe.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Kuze kube manje, akukwenzeki ukuthi kufundwe ngokugcwele uhlobo lokuziphatha kanye nesakhiwo senhlalo yabashaka abamhlophe abakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola ukuthi isimo sabo senhlalo sifanekiselwa ukubusa kwe-hierarkical, okuhambisana nobulili, usayizi kanye nokuhlala kwezilwane. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane babusa abesilisa, kuyilapho abantu asebekhulile babusa izitha ezincanyana. Ngenqubo yokuzingela, ukubonakaliswa kwezimo zokungqubuzana kungenzeka, okuxazululwa masinyane ngumlingiswa okhethekile wokuziphatha, ofana kakhulu nohlobo oluthile lwenkambiso. Yize kunokucaciswa kobudlelwano eqenjini elifanayo, kodwa hhayi kaningi. Zonke izimpi ziphela ngokulunywa okuncane.
Oshaka abamhlophe, ngenkathi bafuna ukudla, bavame ukuphakamisa amakhanda abo ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela bawuthola kahle amaphunga ahlukahlukene, yize bekude kakhulu.
Iphuzu elibalulekile! Ngokuyisisekelo, oshaka abamhlophe bakha amaqembu afinyelela kwabayisithupha. Abantu abaningi babiza amaqembu anjalo ngokuthi "amaphakethe wezimpisi." Iqembu ngalinye linomholi walo, umuntu ngamunye azi “indawo yakhe”, ngenxa yesimo esisungulwe ngokusobala ngokuhambisana nobukhosi.
Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe banamakhono emiqondo athuthukile kanye nama-wits asheshayo, ngakho-ke bazitholela ukudla ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, ngaphandle kwezimo zokuphila.
Okudingayo
Ukudla kwama-carharadons amancane (abizwa nangokuthi oshaka abamhlophe) kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo ezinamanzi, izakhamuzi ezincane zasolwandle nezinye izinto zokudla ezitholakalayo. Abantu abadala baceba impilo enkulu yasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bahlasela kalula oshaka abancane, ama-cephalopods, nezinye izilwane ezithakazelisa ushaka.
Umbala ovikela umzimba walo shark uvumela ukuba uzingele ngentshiseko. Ushaka uzenza lula phakathi kwamawa angaphansi kwamanzi lapho ulandelela izilwane zawo. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuhlaselwa, ngoba amandla akhe okushisa izicubu zakhe amvumela ukuba akhule ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngokubambisana namakhono akhe engqondo, ushaka omhlophe ukhetha amaqhinga afanele ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe unomzimba omkhulu kakhulu, imihlathi eqinile kakhulu futhi enamandla, futhi namazinyo abukhali, ngakho-ke awulingani ngobukhulu bolwandlekazi. Iyakwazi ukubhekana nanoma isiphi isisulu, ngaphandle kwalokho okumbalwa.
Isisekelo sokudla kwalesi silwanyana esidliwayo yizimpawu zasolwandle, amahlengethwa, izinhlobo ezincane zemikhomo nezinye izilwane zasolwandle. Ngenxa yokudla okunempilo, ushaka ugcina amandla alo omzimba. Ukudla okunjalo kukuvumela ukuba ufudumale ngokushesha isisindo semisipha, unikeze ushaka idatha enhle yomzimba ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Amakhono akhe engqondo akuvumela ukuthi ukhethe, ngokuya ngezimo ezithile, amaqhinga namasu wokuzingela. Lapho zizingela amahlengethwa, ushaka uyagoqwa futhi kuhlaselwe kusuka emuva ukuze ihlengethwa lingenaso isikhathi sokusebenzisa amandla alo okuchaza izinkanyezi.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Oshaka abamhlophe abakhulu ngokuzalwa ngendlela yokubeka amaqanda, okuvela kuphela ezinhlanzini ze-cartilaginous. Inqubo yokuvuthwa kwabesifazane ihlala eminyakeni eyi-12 kuye kweyi-14, kanti abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ngaphambili, endaweni ethile eminyakeni eyi-10. Ukuthomba isikhathi eside, kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuzala kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwehliseni inani labashaka abamhlophe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe, ongakazalwa, ukhombisa amakhono akhe avelele njengomphangi. Owesifazane uzala oshaka abambalwa, kepha kuphela izidalwa ezinamandla kakhulu nezidlayo kunazo zonke, zizivumela zidle ozakwabo ababuthakathaka esibelethweni. Owesifazane uthwala inzalo yakhe izinyanga eziyi-11. Ngemuva kokuzalwa koshaka, ngokushesha baqala ukuzingela bodwa. Ososayensi basungule ngesisekelo sokuphawula kwabo ushaka omhlophe ukuthi yi-1/3 kuphela yabashaka abancane abakwaziyo ukusinda kuze kube unyaka wabo owodwa.
Izitha zemvelo koshaka omhlophe
Isidleke esikhulu esinjalo empeleni asinazo izitha zemvelo, kepha singalwa nezihlobo zazo ezikhulu, ngoba sesithole ukulimala okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenye imbangi engathi sína futhi engathathi amandla ephila olwandle olukhulu - lo ngumkhomo obulala. Imvamisa, imikhomo yokubulala ingaphezulu koshaka abamhlophe ngamakhono abo engqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhomo yokubulala ihleleke ngokwengeziwe futhi ikwazi ukuphatha kalula ukubhekana nalesi siminyaminya.
Inhlanzi yaseHedgehog ibhekwa njengeyisitha esiyingozi koshaka omhlophe. Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane kakhulu, izinhlanzi ze-hedgehog zivame ukuba imbangela yokufa kwazo. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, i-hedgehog iyanda ngosayizi futhi ithatha uhlobo lwebhola eliqinile, kepha eliyinqaba elinamathela emlonyeni koshaka. Ushaka awunalo ithuba lokuwususa noma ukugwinya, okuholela ekufeni okubuhlungu.
Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu nendoda
Ushaka omhlophe, uma ulambile, awuziqoqanga ngokukhethekile izinto zokudla, ngakho-ke abathanda ezokudoba kwezemidlalo kanye nabahluzi abangenalwazi bavame ukuba izisulu zalo mzingeli onogazi. Umuntu ubuye adale umonakalo omkhulu, anciphise isibalo soshaka abamhlophe, abazingele wona ukuze bathole amaphiko, izimbambo namazinyo abaluleke kakhulu emakethe yomhlaba.
Njengomthetho, lesi silwanyana esikhulu esidala sibangela umuntu ukuba abe nokwesaba, yize abaningi bebonga lo shark ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila kwezinto eziphila emanzini. Ushaka omhlophe uthuthuke kahle hhayi nje kuphela izinzwa, umuzwa wokuhogela, kepha futhi umbono nokuzwa, izakhamizi eziningi zasolwandle ezingaba nomona.
Kulezi zinsuku, kubhekwa njengento engavamile kakhulu ukuhlangana noshaka omkhulu omhlophe wesayizi omkhulu ofanayo. Lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuthi maduze nje ushaka omkhulu omhlophe anganyamalala unomphela.
Ushaka omhlophe ekudingisweni
Ngo-Agasti 1981, kwahlelwa irekhodi eliyingqayizivele lokugcina ushaka omhlophe ekudingisweni. Ngenkathi ngise-aquarium yasolwandle eSan Diego, ushaka omhlophe waphila izinsuku eziyi-16, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho wakhululwa olwandle oluvulekile. Kuze kube kuleli zinga, izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-11, ushaka omhlophe wayengeke asinde, ekubeni esekudingisweni. Umqondo wokugcina oshaka abamhlophe ekudingisweni uboniswa ngokuphelele kwifilimu kaSteven Spielberg Jaws, eyakhishwa ngonyaka we-1983.
Ngemuva kwalesi sehlakalo, ama-aquarium amaningi azamile ukuqukethe oshaka abamhlophe, kepha abakwazanga ukuphumelela, ngoba laba bantu abadliwayo bafa, noma kwadingeka badedelwe endle, njengoba benqaba ukudla. Ngenxa yobulungiswa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi bekunokwenzeka ukugcina oshaka abancane abasekudingisweni izinyanga eziningi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ekugcineni, ushaka kwadingeka ukuthi ahlukane.
Ekuphetheni
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi izakhamizi eziningi zasolwandle nolwandle zitholakala ekubandakanyekeni kwezentengiselwano nasekuphangeni kwenjabulo kanye nesipiliyoni esingalibaleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphiko oshaka athandwa kakhulu emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Asia. Zisetshenziselwa zombili ukupheka izitsha ezahlukahlukene zokudlela kanye nabamele umuthi ongakahleleki. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi laba bantu basolwandle babhujiswa, naphezu kwezindlela zokuphepha ngenhloso yenzuzo.
Ngaphandle kokuduma, ushaka omhlophe omkhulu ungahlasela umuntu uma ezizwa elamba. Lesi sidlakudla sivela ngasogwini lolwandle kuphela lapho sifuna ukudla. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kungenxa yemikhuba ejwayelekile yokwehla kokuhlinzekwa kokudla kwalo lonke uLwandle Lomhlaba. Izizathu zalokhu kuncishiswa zaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu, ngoba eyokuqala ibhekwa njengomsebenzi womnotho wabantu. akukhona nje ukudoba okuthengiswayo kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane, kodwa nokungcoliswa kwamanzi olwandle omhlaba, okuthinta kabi izimo zokuhlala zikhululekile.
Muva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwezokuvakasha kwemvelo bekuthandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ogwini lwase-Australia naseNingizimu Afrika. Ikheji elinabavakashi lingena emanzini, lapho oshaka abamhlophe, behehwa ngosizo lwethi, babhukuda. Le yindlela eyingozi futhi engakhethi kahle yokwenza imali. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuba khona komuntu kanye nesithiyidi engqondweni yoshaka emanzini kwenza ezinye izinhlangano ezihambisana nezinto zokudla.