Le nyoni inkulu ngobukhulu, ihlukaniswa kwezinye izinsikazi ngokungabi bikho kwamakhanda angenalutho ekhanda, entanyeni nasesifubeni, umsila ongaphambili obunjwe emilenzeni, amaphiko amancanyana futhi angile nomsila omude omile. Umbala womzimba ophansi usuka komhlophe uye kubomvu obomvu, ngaphansi koqhwaku kuhlotshiswe “ngentshebe” encane ebukhali yezimpaphe ezinzima. Akukho buthano bokuya ocansini; izinyoni ezincane zinamabala amnyama ansundu.

Ukusatshalaliswa. Izinhlobo ezihleliwe, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphansi kwezokuxhumana ezivamile eningizimu ye-Eurasia nase-Afrika. Iqothulwe ezingxenyeni eziningi zeYurophu, okwamanje ezitholakala ePyrenees, eCorsica, Greece naseCrete. Kwenzeka e-Italy esiqhingini saseSardinia kuze kube sebusika bango-1968-1969, kanti eWestern Alps kuthiwa wanyamalala ngawo-1920s.

Habitat. Izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka zezintaba ezinamadwala. Ibuye izingele ezindaweni ezinamagquma avulekile.

Ibhayoloji. Maphakathi nobusika, amaqanda ama-1-2 abekwa amaqanda, wona afakwe kakhulu insikazi izinsuku ezingama-55-60. Izinyoni ezincane ziba namaphiko emva kwamasonto ayi-14 kuya kwe-15 ngemuva kokuqanduselwa. Ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa ngonyaka. Naphezu komzimba wakhe omkhulu, indoda enentshebe inamakhono amahle endiza futhi iyakwazi ukwenza izibalo emoyeni ezingafinyeleleki kuqhubu. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kukhipha ikhwela elibukhali.

Iqiniso elihehayo. Ukuba yisikhafu, idla ikakhulukazi emathanjeni amakhulu nasemnkantsheni wethambo lezilwane ezifile. Indoda enentshebe iphula amathambo abe yizicucu, izilahle kusuka esikebheni iyise endaweni eyisicaba, futhi izama ukusebenzisa indawo efanayo ngale njongo.

Ezokuphepha. Ukumisa ukwehla kwenani lamabhele angenantshebe ezindaweni eziningi ebangeni laseYurophu, kwathathwa izinyathelo zokuyivikela: inhlangano yezindawo zokuphaka inyama ngenyama, ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamadlelo amahhala, ukwenziwa kabusha kwezinyoni ezithunjiwe. Amaphrojekthi afanayo njengamanje aqhubeka e-Alps anikeza imiphumela emangalisayo, kuze kube yilapho ezinye izithandani zakha isidleke eSavona naseStelvio Park.

Indoda enentshebe, noma iwundlu (Gypaetus barbatus)

Uhlala kuphi

Indoda enentshebe iyinyoni enobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu. Ihlala endaweni kusukela eMedithera iye eHimalaya, itholakala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu nase-Asia. Le nhlobo iphinde imelwe eSouth naseMpumalanga Afrika futhi iphinde yakhiqizwa e-Alps, lapho ikhule ngempumelelo futhi yaqala ukuzala.

Kutholakala eRussia eCaucasus, eCentral naseSoutheast Altai, ezindaweni ezinezintaba lapho kukhona khona amahlathi nezihlahla ezinkulu. Izinzwa lapha, emadwaleni anamatshe nasemifantwini.

Izimpawu zangaphandle

Uma nje ubona indoda enentshebe, ngisho esithombeni, ngeke umdidanise nomuntu. Lezi yizinyoni ezinkulu cishe 1 m ubude futhi zinesisindo kufika ku-6.5 kg. Ikhanda, intamo nomzimba ophansi wezinyoni ezindala zidwetshwe ngemibala ekhanyayo - ukusuka ku- beige kuye ebomvu-buffy. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona ibhuloho elincane elimnyama, futhi ngaphansi komlomo kukhona isigaxa sezinwele ezimnyama esifana nentshebe. Kwakunguye owanikeza igama lolu hlobo. I-iris yendoda enentshebe iyathakazelisa: njengomthetho, kukhanya ngentambo yangaphandle ebomvu.

Isambatho sentshebe esidala sigqokwa kuphela ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni emihlanu. Futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, baphoqeleka ukuba baneliswe ngepumula elimpunga elinsundu. Izimpiko zendoda enentshebe zinde futhi zimfishane - zifinyelela ku-80 cm ubude, ngakho-ke lapho indiza encane inyamalala kalula nge-falcon.

Indoda enentshebe ingumbhidisi, kepha i-atypical. Ngokungafani nabameleli abaningi bohlobo lwe-vulture, le nhlobo inentamo enezimpiko ezinhle, izimpiko ezibukhali nezinde, nomsila omude futhi omile. Futhi imilenze nezinzipho zithuthuke kangcono kakhulu kunamakhaza wangempela.

Indlela yokuphila

Izintshebe zithule kakhulu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zenza ikhwela eliphansi kanye nomsindo ongajwayelekile.

Izinyoni zihlela isidleke sazo esikhulu emigedeni esezintabeni, emifantwini yamatshe, emadwaleni amatshe. Ukusuka emagatsheni namathambo ezilwane ezinkulu bakha indawo yokuhlala engaphezu kuka-2 m ukuphakama.

Elinye igama lale nyoni iwundlu. Kukholelwa ukuthi amadoda anentshebe ahlasela izimvu ezifuywayo, kepha akunjalo. Amadoda anentshebe ayizinyoni ezijwayelekile zokuthwele, futhi adla ngisho nalokho okunganakwa, amabala namaqhubu anganakwa. Indoda enentshebe idla inyama eyomile, imisipha, isikhumba, ngisho namathambo nezinselo. Enye isidlaliso yindoda enentshebe - i-bone-crusher. Le nyoni ithatha amathambo amakhulu ezincelisayo ezihlathini zayo, bese inyukela emoyeni bese iphonsa phezu kwamatshe. Amathambo aqhekeka, futhi indoda enentshebe iyabagwinya izingxenye. Indoda enentshebe futhi iphatha nezimfudu.

Lapho befuna ukudla, lezi zidla ezinamaphiko amade zisebenzisa ikhono zisebenzisa imimoya evunguza njalo ezintabeni, ngenkathi indiza amabanga amakhulu.

Abamele le nhlobo bangama-scavenger. Isisu sendoda enentshebe singelula kakhulu. Ososayensi bathola amathambo afinyelela ku-30 ​​cm ubude kuwo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekudingisweni, amadoda anentshebe ahlala iminyaka engama-40.

Indoda engenantshebe kade yaba yindaba yokuphikisana okufudumele. Wonke umuntu wayezama ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe ubhekisa amabala noma izinkozi. Futhi kuphela emva kocwaningo olude, bafika esiphethweni sokuthi lolu hlobo kufanele lubangelwe yi-voul subfamily. Ngokuphathelene ne-biology yezinhlobo, kwatholakala ukuthi abantu abanezintshebe badla kakhulu ku-carrion, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka babe ngamaqhubu.

Ukuzala

I-Bearders iqala isidleke ekuseni kakhulu: ukubekwa kweqanda (1-2) kwenzeka ngoDisemba - Januwari. Amaqanda aphakanyisiwe, amakhulu (osayizi abakhulu), amhlophe ngombala ngamabala ansundu. Insikazi iyazifihla cishe izinyanga ezimbili, ngaso sonke lesi sikhathi owesilisa uyamondla. Bobabili abazali bondla amachwane. Indoda enentshebe emnyama ikhula kancane futhi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-100-110 ishiya isidleke.

Encwadini ebomvu

Ibanga lesimanje lendoda elinentshebe libanzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukubukwa kufakiwe kulesi sigaba sokuphepha. Noma kunjalo, inani labantu liyancipha kancane kancane. Namuhla emhlabeni, ngokwesilinganiso esiphezulu, kunamadoda ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi anentshebe. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuhlukanisa lolu hlobo njengenye isigaba sokuvikela sengozi ephezulu. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeBosnia neHerzegovina, iSerbia, neSyria, le nhlobo yezilwane ibhekwa njengendala.

Phakathi kwezinto ezisengozini ezinkulu okufanele zibizwe ngokuzingela, ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kwezinhlobo, ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezihleliwe ekufuyeni izinkomo nokungabikho kwamathuna ezinkomo, amadoda angenantshebe aswele izinsiza zokudla kanti amanye awo abulawa yindlala. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, indoda enentshebe ishushise futhi ichithe umuntu. Emazweni amaningi, bekunenkolelo engenasisekelo yokuthi lezi zinyoni zithwala izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo. Futhi, indoda enentshebe iyinyoni enophawu, okuyinto ukudubula ngesikhathi sokuzingela kusho ukuthola isihloko se-ace. Ngeshwa, ngisho nanamuhla, isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane azihlali zisiza ukuzivikela ezandleni zabazingeli nabazingeli.

Ukubonakala kwendoda enentshebe

Ubude bendoda enentshebe bufika ngamasentimitha angama-95-125, izimpiko zamaphiko azo ziyehluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-2,3 kuya kwayi-2,8. Izimbangi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-4,5 kuye ku-7.5.

Abamele abakhulu bezinhlobo bahlala endaweni yaseHimalaya. Abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Isisindo esivamile sezinyoni ezihlala e-Afrika ngamakhilogremu angama-5.7, kanti isisindo samadoda asentshebe ase-Asia ngamakhilogremu ayi-6.2.

Indoda enentshebe inomsila obunjiwe obunjwebuamasentimitha angama-45-50 namaphiko amancanyana anobude bamasentimitha angama-70-90.

Indoda enentshebe iyisihlobo sezinja.

Amapayipi entanyeni, esiswini nasekhanda abomvu ngokugqamile noma amhlophe, kanti umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu. Izimpiko nomsila zingwevu ngombala omnyama. Ukusuka uqhwaku kuya esweni welula umucu omnyama. Ngaphansi komlomo, izimpaphe ezimnyama zikhula esixukwini. Lezi zimpaphe zincanyana futhi zifana nentshebe yezinwele ngokubukeka. Ngenxa yabo, inyamazane yaziwa ngegama.

Amehlo anezinhlaka ezibomvu, i-iris iphuzi. Uqhwaku aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyoni ezincane zinamapani amnyama ansundu, azishintsha lapho zineminyaka emihlanu zibe imibala yabantu abadala.

Amathambo ezilwane ezifile - Ukudla okuthandwa yinyosi enentshebe.

Ukuziphatha kwezinyoni, ukondleka nendlela yokuphila

Indawo yokuhlala iyintaba enamacanyoni amaningi, amadwala nezigodi.

Lezi zinyoni zingezama-scavenger, kepha azithandi inyama ebolile, kodwa entsha. Indoda enentshebe idla amathambo, imisipha ngisho nezikhumba zezilwane ezisanda kufile. Kwezinye izimo, umhlaseli uhlasela izinyoni bukhoma, kepha lesi simo akuyona into evamile, kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho.

Le nyoni yathola igama laso ngenxa yeplamu, efana nentshebe.

Indoda enentshebe iphonsa amathambo amakhulu kusuka phezulu phansi, lapho aphuka khona emadwaleni, emva kwalokho umhlaseli umane ukuwagwinya. Lezi zinyoni zinesistimu yokugaya enamandla kakhulu. Okunye kokudla engikuthandayo amathambo obuchopho.

Lezi zidlova ziphinde zizingele izimfudu, ziphinde zibaphakamise, baziphonse emadwaleni, kuthi lapho igobolondo liqhekeka, zidla inyama emnene.

Inani lamadoda anentshebe emhlabeni

Namuhla, inani labantu abanezintshebe liphansi - ngamabhangqa angaba ngu-10,000 alezi zinyoni ahlala emhlabeni. Ukwehla kwenani labantu kubangelwa yimisebenzi yezolimo yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu badubule laba abazingeli, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi bahlasela imfuyo, kepha lo mbono unephutha.

Yize lesi simo ngokudutshulwa kwabesilisa abanentshebe sibuyele kwesejwayelekile, isibulala-zinambuzane, esingena esiswini semiyalo evela izidumbu zezilwane ezifile, zilimaza kakhulu umphakathi.

Izindawo ezijwayela ukuhlala izidleke nazo ziyancipha. I-Bearders ingafa ngokushayisana ngezintambo ezinamandla aphezulu. Namuhla, inani labantu lithathwa njengezinzile, kepha akukho mkhuba ongaphezulu.

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