Izindlovu zinomzimba omkhulu kakhulu, ikhanda likhulu ngokwanele, limile futhi linemilenze enamandla. Izindlebe zifinyelela ngosayizi ohlaba umxhwele, kepha amehlo, kunalokho, mancane.

Izindlebe zisiza izilwane esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Abalandeli babo, bathola umphumela wokupholisa.

Izindlovu zihlukaniswa ngokuzwa okuhle, kepha umbono wazo ngobude obude awumuhle kakhulu.

Izindlovu azinazo izinwele, umzimba wesilwane umbozwe ngesikhumba esimpunga noma esinsundu, kufinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubukhulu, ngemibimbi ejulile. Amathole endlovu azalwa enamabhulashi angavamile, kanti kubantu abadala awekho ngokuphelele.

Omunye umehluko phakathi kwendlovu ukungakwazi ukugxuma. Konke kumayelana nomlenze, okuyi-2 patella. Izindlovu ziyahamba, yize zinesisindo esikhulu, cishe buthule.

Isizathu salokhu i-fat pad etholakala enkabeni yonyawo, enentwasahlobo ngazo zonke izinyathelo zesilwane.

Futhi ekugcineni, isiqu sendlovu. Lesi sitho sakhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwakhala kanye nesindebe esingaphezulu, siqukethe ama-tendon kanye nemisipha eminingi, eyenza iqine kakhulu futhi iguquguquke ngasikhathi sinye. Ifinyelela ubude obufika kumamitha ayi-1.5 futhi inesisindo esingama-150 kg.

Isiqu senza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile ngasikhathi sinye. Ngosizo lwayo, izindlovu zidla ukudla, zizithululela amanzi futhi zixhumana nazo, ziphakamise namawundlu!

Indlovu - incazelo, izimfanelo nezithombe

Izindlovu ezinkulu phakathi kwezilwane. Ukuphakama kwendlovu 2 - 4 m. Isisindo sendlovu - kusuka kumathani amathathu kuya kwayi-7. Izindlovu e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi ama-savannah, zivame ukuba nesisindo esingamathani ayi-10 - 12. Umzimba omkhulu wendlovu embozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu (kuze kube ngu-2,5 cm) ngombala onsundu noma ompunga onemibimbi ejulile. Amawundlovu endlovu azalwa enesigaqa esinama-sparse, abantu abadala abanazo izimila.

Ikhanda lesilwane likhulu impela linezindlebe zobukhulu obumangalisayo. Izindlovu zezindlovu zinendawo enkulu ngokulinganayo, ziwugqinsi phansi ngamaphethelo amancane, njengomthetho, zingumlawuli omuhle wokushintshaniswa kokushisa. Ukususa izindlebe kuvumela isilwane ukwandisa umphumela wokupholisa. Unyawo lwendlovu ine-patella eyi-2. Lesi sakhiwo senza ukuthi indlovu ibe ukuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingakwazi ukugxuma. Maphakathi nonyawo kufakwa isifutho esinamafutha kuzo zonke izinyathelo, okuvumela lezi zilwane ezinamandla ukuba zijikeleze cishe buthule.

Isiqu sendlovu iyisitho esimangalisayo futhi esiyingqayizivele esakhiwa ekhaleni elihlanganisiwe nomlomo ongenhla. Amathisoni nemisipha engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu kumenza aqine futhi abe nezimo. Isiqu senza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile, kanti ngasikhathi sinye sinikeza isilwane ukuphefumula, ukuhogela, ukuthinta nokubamba ukudla. Ngokusebenzisa isiqu, izindlovu ziyazivikela, zizinisele, zidle, zikhulume futhi zikhulise inzalo. Enye "imfanelo" yokubukeka yimisundu yendlovu. Zikhula kukho konke impilo: lapho ama-thekss enamandla kakhulu, amadala abe ngumnikazi wawo.

Umsila wendlovu ungobude obufana nobamilenze yangemuva. Isipikili somsila sifakelwe izinwele ezihlanganayo ezisiza ukuxosha izinambuzane. Izwi likaNdlovu licacisiwe. Imisindo eyenziwe isilwane esidala ibizwa ngokuthi izingulube, ukudazuluka, ukuhleba nokubhula izindlovu. Isikhathi sokuphila kwendlovu cishe siyiminyaka engama-70.

Izindlovu zingakwazi ukubhukuda kahle futhi zithande izinqubo zamanzi, futhi ijubane labo elijwayelekile kumhlaba lifinyelela ku-3-6 km / h. Lapho ugijimela amabanga amafushane, ijubane lendlovu kwesinye isikhathi lenyuka liye ku-50 km / h.

Indlovu yase-Asia

UngumNdiya ophansi kom-Afrika ngosayizi nangobunzima, uhola kancane ngaphansi kwamathani ayi-5 nohhafu ngokuphela kwempilo yakhe, kuyilapho i-savannah (yase-Afrika) ingashonisa umcibisholo wesikali ucishe ube ngamathani ayi-7.

Isitho esisengozini kakhulu yisikhumba ngaphandle kwezithukuthuku zomjuluko.. Nguye owenza isilwane sihlale sihlela izinqubo zodaka namanzi, sizivikele ekulahlekelweni ngumswakama, ekushisweni nasekulimaleni kwezinambuzane.

Isikhumba esinyene esigaxekile (kuze kube ngu-2,5 cm ubukhulu) simbozwa ngoboya, obugezwa bumsulwa njalo ezihlahleni: yingakho izindlovu zivame ukubukeka zingenabala.

Imibimbi esikhunjeni iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe amanzi - ayikuvumeli ukudabula, ukuvimba indlovu ekushiseni ngokweqile.

I-epidermis emincane kakhulu ibonwa eduze ne-anus, umlomo nangaphakathi kwama-auricles.

Umbala ojwayelekile wendlovu yaseNdiya uhluka kusuka kumnyama grey kuya kinsundu, kepha futhi kukhona ama-albino (hhayi amhlophe, kodwa aqhakaze kancane ukwedlula ozakwabo emhlambini).

Kwaphawuleka ukuthi i-Elephas maximus (indlovu yase-Asiya), ubude bayo bomzimba isukela ku-5.5 kuya ku-6.4 m, ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kunalowo wase-Afrika futhi inemilenze emincane emfishane.

Omunye umehluko ovela kwi-savannah iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lomzimba: kwindlovu yase-Asia, ibunzi, ekuqaleni - amahlombe.

Izici ezijwayelekile

Indlovu ingeyokulandelana kwe-proboscis, ungomunye wabamele abathathu besimanje bomndeni wendlovu. Eminye umehluko isivumela ukuthi sihlukanise izinkampani ezine zendlovu yase-Asiya, eyaqanjwa ngemuva kokuhanjiswa:

1. indlovu yiyona ehlukaniswe kakhulu imisipha emikhulu,
2. Indlovu yaseSri Lankan, ayinamathe, ikhanda ngokulingana nomzimba libonakala likhulu kakhulu,
3. Indlovu yaseSumatran, ibizwa ngegama elithi "indlovu ephaketheni" ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane,
4. indlovu yaseBornean enezindlebe ezinkulu ikakhulukazi nomsila omude.

Indlovu - incazelo, izimfanelo nezithombe

Izindlovu ezinkulu phakathi kwezilwane. Ukuphakama kwendlovu 2 - 4 m. Isisindo sendlovu - kusuka kumathani amathathu kuya kwayi-7. Izindlovu e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi ama-savannah, zivame ukuba nesisindo esingamathani ayi-10 - 12. Umzimba omkhulu wendlovu embozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu (kuze kube ngu-2,5 cm) ngombala onsundu noma ompunga onemibimbi ejulile. Amawundlovu endlovu azalwa enesigaqa esinama-sparse, abantu abadala abanazo izimila.

Ikhanda lesilwane likhulu impela linezindlebe zobukhulu obumangalisayo. Izindlovu zezindlovu zinendawo enkulu ngokulinganayo, ziwugqinsi phansi ngamaphethelo amancane, njengomthetho, zingumlawuli omuhle wokushintshaniswa kokushisa. Ukususa izindlebe kuvumela isilwane ukwandisa umphumela wokupholisa. Unyawo lwendlovu ine-patella eyi-2.

Lesi sakhiwo senza ukuthi indlovu ibe ukuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingakwazi ukugxuma. Maphakathi nonyawo kufakwa isifutho esinamafutha kuzo zonke izinyathelo, okuvumela lezi zilwane ezinamandla ukuba zijikeleze cishe buthule.

Isiqu sendlovu iyisitho esimangalisayo futhi esiyingqayizivele esakhiwa ekhaleni elihlanganisiwe nomlomo ongenhla. Amathisoni nemisipha engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu kumenza aqine futhi abe nezimo. Isiqu senza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile, kanti ngasikhathi sinye sinikeza isilwane ukuphefumula, ukuhogela, ukuthinta nokubamba ukudla. Ngokusebenzisa isiqu, izindlovu ziyazivikela, zizinisele, zidle, zikhulume futhi zikhulise inzalo. Enye "imfanelo" yokubukeka yimisundu yendlovu. Zikhula kukho konke impilo: lapho ama-thekss enamandla kakhulu, amadala abe ngumnikazi wawo.

Umsila wendlovu ungobude obufana nobamilenze yangemuva. Isipikili somsila sifakelwe izinwele ezihlanganayo ezisiza ukuxosha izinambuzane. Izwi likaNdlovu licacisiwe. Imisindo eyenziwe isilwane esidala ibizwa ngokuthi izingulube, ukudazuluka, ukuhleba nokubhula izindlovu. Isikhathi sokuphila kwendlovu cishe siyiminyaka engama-70.

Izindlovu zingakwazi ukubhukuda kahle futhi zithande izinqubo zamanzi, futhi ijubane labo elijwayelekile kumhlaba lifinyelela ku-3-6 km / h.

Lapho ugijimela amabanga amafushane, ijubane lendlovu kwesinye isikhathi lenyuka liye ku-50 km / h.

Izinhlobo zezindlovu

Emndenini wezindlovu eziphilayo, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ziyahlukaniswa, zingezizukulwane ezimbili:

• unomusa izindlovu zase-african (I-Loxodonta) zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-2:
  • savannah ndlovu (Loxodonta africana)

luyehluka ngosayizi omkhulu, umbala omnyama, ama-husks athuthukisiwe nezinqubo ezimbili ekugcineni kwesiqu. Ihlala ekhikhaneni i-Afrika yonkana,

Indlovu yase-Afrika (savannah ndlovu)

• • ihlathi lendlovu (I-Loxodonta cyclotis)

inokukhula okuncane (okufika ku-2 m m kubuna) nobume bezindlebe obuyindilinga. Lolu hlobo lwezindlovu luvame emahlathini ase-Afrika asezindaweni ezishisayo.

Ihlathi lase-african lendlovu

Izinhlobo zivame ukuzalanisa futhi zikhiqize inzalo esebenza ngokuphelele.

• Umusa indiya (I-Asia) izindlovu (U-Elephas) ifaka ukubuka okukodwa - Indlovu yaseNdiya (Elephas maximus)

Lincane kune-savannah, kepha linomzimba onamandla kakhudlwana nemilenze emifushane. Faka umbala - kusuka onsundu kuya ku-grey omnyama. Isici esiyingqayizivele salolu hlobo lwendlovu izindwani ezincane zesimo se-quadrangular kanye nenqubo eyodwa ekugcineni kwesiqu. Indlovu yaseNdiya noma yase-Asia itholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engaphansi kweNdiya, eChina, eThailand, eLaos, eCambodia, eVietnam, eBrunei, eBangistan naseIndonesia.

Umkhosi weNdlovu e-India

Izindlovu zihlala kuphi futhi kanjani?

Izindlovu zase-Afrika zihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo yase-Afrika esishisayo: eNamibia naseSenegal, eKenya naseZimbabwe, eGuinea naseRiphabhulikhi yaseCongo, eSudan naseNingizimu Afrika, izindlovu zaseZambia naseSomalia zizizwa zikhulu. Inqwaba yemfuyo, ngeshwa, yaphoqeleka ukuthi ihlale ezindaweni ezigcinwe kuzwelonke, ukuze ingabi yizisulu zabazingeli bezinyumba. Indlovu ihlala kunoma iyiphi indawo, kepha izama ukugwema indawo eyihlane futhi ihlathi eliminyene kakhulu lasezindaweni ezishisayo, likhetha indawo ye-savannah.

Izindlovu zaseNdiya zihlala enyakatho-empumalanga naseningizimu yeNdiya, eThailand, eChina naseziqhingini zaseSri Lanka, zihlala eMyanmar, eLaos, eVietnam naseMalaysia. Ngokungafani nabalingani bezwekazi lase-Afrika, izindlovu zaseNdiya zithanda ukuhlala endaweni enamahlathi, zikhetha amathanga woqalo ezindaweni ezishisayo nezihlahlana ezinde.

Zidlani izindlovu?

Cishe amahora ayi-16 ngosuku, izindlovu zimatasa zidonsa ukudla, kuyilapho kudliwa imifino cishe engama-300 kg. Indlovu idla utshani (kufaka phakathi i-cattery, i-papyrus e-Afrika), ama-rhizomes, amagxolo namaqabunga ezihlahla (ngokwesibonelo, i-ficus eNdiya), izithelo zikabhanana wasendle, ama-aphula, imishi kanye nekhofi. Ukudla kwendlovu kuhambisana nendawo yokuhlala, ngoba izihlahla namakhambi ahlukahlukene akhula e-Afrika naseNdiya. Lezi zilwane azizishayi mkhuba izilimo zezolimo, okwenza ukuthi ukuvakasha kwazo kulimaze kakhulu izitshalo zommbila, amazambane amnandi nezinye izilimo. Imisbenzi nesiqu kuyabasiza ukuba bathole ukudla, futhi izinhlwayi zisiza ukuhlafuna. Amazinyo endlovu ayashintsha njengoba egaya.

E-zoo, izindlovu zondliwa nge-hay kanye nama-greens (ngobuningi), futhi zinikeza nezilwane imifino, izithelo, nezitshalo zezimpande: iklabishi, ama-apula, amapharele, izaqathe, ubhontshisi, amakhabe, amazambane abilisiwe, i-oats, i-bran, amagatsha e-willow, isinkwa kanye nentandokazi phatha ubhanana wendlovu kanye namanye amasiko. Indlovu idla cishe ukudla okungama-250-300 kg ngosuku endle. Ekuthunjweni, izindlovu zidla okulandelayo: cishe ama-10 kg yemifino, ama-30 kg we-hay kanye ne-10 kg yesinkwa.

Abantu abadala baziwa ngokuthi “izifufula zamanzi” ezidumile. Indlovu iphuza cishe amalitha ayi-100 ukuya kwangama-500 amanzi ngosuku, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane cishe zihlala zitholakala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi.

Ukuzalelwa kwendlovu

Izindlovu zakha imihlambi yemindeni (abantu abangu-9 ukuya ku-12), kufaka nomholi ovuthiwe, odadewabo, amadodakazi kanye nabesilisa abangazalwa. Indlovu yowesifazane iyisixhumanisi esiphakeme emndenini; ikhula isineminyaka eyi-12, ineminyaka engu-16 isikulungele ukuzala. Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngocansi bashiya umhlambi lapho beneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 (umAfrika eneminyaka engama-25) futhi babe abangashadile. Minyaka yonke, abesilisa baba sesimweni esinolaka esibangelwa ukwanda kwe-testosterone ehlala izinyanga ezi-2, ngakho-ke ukuqina okuqinile phakathi kwamaqembu kuvame ukuholela ekulimaleni nasekulimaleni. Kuliqiniso, leli qiniso linokuhlanganiswa kwalo: ukuncintisana nabafowethu abanokuhlangenwe nakho kuvimbela izindlovu zesilisa ezisencane ekuvunyweni kwasekuqaleni.

Ukuzalelwa kwendlovu kwenzeka noma ngabe kuyiphi inkathi. Indlovu eyeduna isondela emhlanjini lapho izwa ukulungela kowesifazane ukuluka. Bathembekile komunye nomunye ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, abesilisa bahlela ukulwa kokuza komzimba, ngenxa yokuthi ophumelele uvunyelwe kowesifazane. Ukukhulelwa kwendlovu kuhlala izinyanga ezingama-20 kuya kwezi-22. Ukuzalwa kwendlovu kwenzeka emphakathini owakhiwa izinsikazi zezinkomo, ezizungeze futhi zivikele umama osemsebenzini engozini eyenzeka ngengozi.

Imvamisa yindlovu eyodwa inesisindo esingamakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ngamawele. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, indlovu yosana esanda kuzalwa ifika ezinyaweni zayo futhi imunca ubisi lukamama ngenjabulo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, iwundlu lihamba kalula nezihlobo, libambe isiqu somsila kamama ngesibumbu. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha iminyaka eyi-1.5-2, futhi zonke izinsikazi ezikhanyayo ziyahileleka kulokhu. Ezinyangeni eziyi-6-7, ukudla kwezitshalo kufakwa ebisini.

Kungani izindlovu zesaba amagundane?

Abantu abaningi bayazi ngokwesaba okungazi ukuthi izindlovu ezinkulu zingaba nabamele abancane bomndeni onamahlaya - amagundane. Kepha akubona bonke abantu abazi ukuthi leli qiniso kungenzeka ukuthi liyinganekwane. Kukhona inganekwane ngokusho ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona amagundane amaningi kangangokuba ayehlasela ukuhlasela imilenze yendlovu, agedle izitho zezilwane cishe kuze kube sethanjeni, futhi azakhela ezazo izimbambo lapho. Kungakho kusukela lapho izindlovu zaqala ukulala zingamanga, kepha zimile. Kunengqondo okuncane kulokhu, ngoba izilwane eziningi zilele, ngokwesibonelo, amahhashi, angawesabi amagundane nhlobo. Kepha ukuphakamisa ukuthi induku ebelele endlovu ingakhuphukela esiqwini futhi ivimbe ukungena kwayo emoyeni, okuzoholela ekufeni kwendlovu - kungenzeka kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhalwe amacala amaningi anjalo.

Kunenye inkolelo-mbumbulu, ehlekisayo kancane, kepha nokho: amagundane, ekhuphuka indlovu, ikitaza kakhulu lesi siqhwaga ngezihlakala zazo eziyishumi, lapho indlovu inesidingo njalo sokuklabha, futhi kunzima kuye ukwenza lokhu. Kodwa-ke, konke ukucabanga okunjalo kwakudilizwa ososayensi: babeqiniseka ukuthi izindlovu azinandaba ngokuphelele nezimpisi, zihlala nabo ngokuthula ezindlini zezilwane zasekhaya, zivumela izinduku ezincane ukuba zidle izinsalela zokudla kwazo, futhi azesabi neze.

Kungani indlovu inekhala elide?

Isiqu sesici esihle kakhulu sokwehlukanisa indlovu. Ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-1.5 futhi inesisindo esingama-130-150 kg, le ngxenye yomzimba imane idingeka esilwaneni, njengezandla zomuntu, ekhaleni noma kolimi.

Okhokho bezindlovu, ababehlala esikhathini esedlule kudala ezigungwini, babenesiqu esincane kakhulu: wabavumela ukuba baphefumule ngaphansi kwekholomu lamanzi.

Izigidi zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo zaphoqelela owanduleli wendlovu yasendulo ukuba ishiye u-marshland, yasikhulisa kakhulu isilwane ngosayizi, ngenxa yalokho isiqu sendlovu nayo kufanele ivumelane nezimo ezintsha zokuphila.

Ngomququ, indlovu iphakamisa izinsimbi, isula ubhanana onamanzi emithini yesundu bese uyifaka emlonyeni wayo, kungathi uma kukha amanzi echibini noma emfuleni futhi ihlele ishawa ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, yenze imisindo enkulu yecilongo, ithathe iphunga, izisize ukuphuza, ukuthulula amanzi umlomo.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukukwazi ukusebenzisa isiqu njengethuluzi elenza imisebenzi eminingi kuyisayensi esiyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi izindlovu ezincane azaziqiqi ngokushesha: izingane zivame ukugxagxaza esiqwini sazo, ngakho-ke umama okhathalelayo izindlovu ngesineke, izinyanga ezimbalwa, zifundisa izingane zazo ubuciko bokusebenzisa le nqubo edingekayo .

Umthethosisekelo nemikhuba yokudla

Ngemuva kwezindlovu zase-Afrika kucishe kuqonde, kube mfushane kancane, kube nokwanda esifundeni se-sacral. Ezindlovu zase-Eshiya, umhlanga, umehluko, i-convex. Usayizi omkhulu wase-Asia, usatana omkhulu onesizotha ngokubukeka kubukeka njengomkhulu kunase-Afrika, njengoba imilenze yayo imfushane futhi iminyene, ngokuhlukile emilenzeni yabamele olunye uhlobo. Isakhiwo semilenze singachazwa kalula ukungafani kokudla kwendlovu yaseNdiya neyase-Afrika: okwedlule kudla kuphela amagatsha namaqabunga, kepha kungadeleli ukucindezela utshani: lokhu okuphambene nalokho kudla kuphela amaqabunga avela emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Indlovu endala yabantu abadala

Isiqu - Isici esiyingqayizivele sezindlovu njengezinhlobo. Lokhu akuyona impumulo impela, kunalokho, umlomo omkhulu ufakwa ekhaleni. Ngosizo lwesiqu, indlovu iyaphefumula, ithole ukudla, iziphuzo, ibhavu nokunye. Ukwakheka kwalesi sitho ezinhlotsheni ezibhekwayo nakho kuhlukile. Ukuphela kwesiqu sendlovu yase-Afrika kufakwe izinqubo ezinjengeminwe, kuyilapho umNdiya enenqubo eyodwa kuphela (ngaphezulu).

Umehluko phakathi kwendlovu yase-Afrika neyase-Asia udlulela esakhiweni sezinyawo. Kunezinselo ezinhlanu emilenzeni yangaphambili yezindlovu zaseNdiya, nezine emilenzeni yangemuva.Izinselo zase-Afrika zinezinselo ezinhlanu (kwesinye isikhathi ezine) ngaphambili, nezintathu emilenzeni yangemuva.

Indlovu yase-Asia neyase-Afrika

Ezinye izitho nezitho zomzimba

Inhliziyo enkulu (imvamisa ene-top top) inesisindo esingama-30 kg, inenkontileka kaningi ngezikhathi ezingama-30 ngomzuzu. I-10% yesisindo somzimba isegazini.

Ubuchopho besinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kakhulu kule planethi zibhekwa (ngokwemvelo) ezisindayo kunazo zonke, ezelula amakhilogremu amahlanu.

Abesifazane, ngokungafani nabesilisa, banezindlala ezimbili zamabele.

Indlovu ayidingi izindlebe hhayi nje kuphela ukuze ibone imisindo, kodwa futhi ukuze izisebenzise njenge fan, ezithanda ngokwayo ekushiseni kwasemini.

Iningi isitho sendlovu yendlovu - isiqungosizo lapho izilwane zibona khona iphunga, uphefumula, uthele amanzi, uzizwe futhi uthwebule izinto ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nokudla.

Isiqu, cishe esingenamathambo ne-cartilage, sakhiwa ngommese nekhala ekhuphukile. Ukuhamba okukhethekile kwesiqu sesihlahla kungenxa yobukhona bemisipha engama-40,000 (imisipha nemisipha). I-cartilage okuwukuphela kwayo (ehlukanisa amathumbu) ingatholwa encikeni yesiqu.

Ngendlela, isiqu siphetha ngenqubo ebucayi kakhulu engathola inalithi endaweni eshisiwe.

Futhi isiqu sendlovu yaseNdiya sibamba amalitha ayi-6 uketshezi. Lapho esethathe amanzi, lesi silwane siphonsa isigxobo esigoqiwe emlonyeni waso bese sishaya ukuze umswakama ungena emphinjeni.

Kuyathakazelisa! Uma bezama ukukholisa ukuthi indlovu inamadolo ama-4, ungayikholwa: kunamabili kuphela. Elinye ijoyinti alilona i-elbow, kodwa li-elbow.

Isakhiwo nokuziphatha kwangaphakathi

Umehluko ekwakhiweni kwezitho nezinhlelo zezindlovu zase-Afrika nezase-Asia imi ngale ndlela elandelayo: kweyokuqala - Izimbambo ezingama-42, kwesibili - 38, zangaphambili zinama-vertebrae angamashumi amathathu nantathu emsileni, kanti wona angamashumi amabili nesithupha kuphela. Kunokwehluka ekuhlelweni kwama-molars.

Izindlovu zase-Afrika zivuthwa ngokocansi Iminyaka engama-25. AmaNdiya akhula ngokushesha okukhulu: akulungele ukukhiqiza inzalo esivele in 15 - 20 yeminyaka.

Ngokuqondene nokuziphatha, izindlovu zase-Asia ziwina lapha. Kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwabantu. Ngani? Ngoba baziphatha ngobungane kakhudlwana, kulula ukuqeqesha. Izindlovu zase-Asia ezweni lakubo (eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia) zisiza abantu ukuthutha imithwalo esindayo futhi benza neminye imisebenzi enzima yomzimba. Emhlabeni wonke, izindlovu zaseNdiya zisebenza kumasekethe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindlovu zase-Afrika zinolaka futhi zimbi kakhulu kunabantu. Kepha ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kungenzeka ngokwezibalo: kuyaziwa ukuthi izindlovu zase-Afrika zabamba iqhaza emkhankasweni weHannibal eRoma ngekhulu lesithathu leminyaka BC.

Bahlala kuphi

Izinhlobo zase-Asia zivamile namuhla eMpumalanga, eNyakatho-East naseNingizimu India, eMpumalanga Pakistan, eBurma, eNepal, eThailand, eCambodia, eLaos, eCeylon, eMalacca naseSumatra. Bahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ukusuka e-savannah egcwele utshani obude kuya ehlathini eliminyene. Umhlambi uvame ukubala usuka kwabangu-15 uye kwabathathu. Isahluko - intokazi endala ehlakaniphile.

Indlovu yase-Asia endaweni yokuhlala

Indlovu yase-Afrika ihlala kulo lonke elase-Afrika eseningizimu ye-Sahara Desert. Ekuqaleni, indawo yokuhlala yezidondoshiya zase-Afrika zasolwandle zazingaphazanyiswa, namuhla kugcwele izikhala: lolu hlobo lwezilwane alusahlali ezindaweni eziningi zaseNingizimu Afrika, iBotswana, iNamibia, neTopiya, enyakatho neSomalia azikho. Indlovu yase-Afrika ingaphila ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu kunayo yonke imvelo, ngaphandle kwasehlane nogwadule. Lezi zindlovu zobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele zihlala emihlambini yezinkomo. Phambilini emhlanjini kungaba ngabantu abangamakhulu amane.

Izindlovu zase-Afrika endaweni yokuhlala

Izindlovu zalezi zinhlobo zombili ngesikhathi sokuphila kwazo zizala cishe amawundlu amahlanu. Emhlambini, izibopho zomndeni ziqinile. Iqembu lezindlovu lingaba namakhulu abantu abaxhunywe yigazi. Izindlovu ziyizilwane eziyimizulane; azinandawo ethile yokuhlala. Izindlovu zezindlovu zichitha impilo yazo yonke ihamba: zifuna ukudla ezidinga inani elikhulu nsuku zonke, futhi zichitha ubusuku eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi.

Namuhla, zonke izinhlobo zezindlovu ezaziwa yisayensi zisengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.

Matriarchy kanye nokuhlukaniswa kobulili

Ubudlelwano enkomeni yezindlovu yakhelwe phezu kwalesi simiso: kukhona oyedwa, owesidala kunabo bonke, ohola odadewabo abanolwazi oluncane, izintombi, izingane, kanye nabesilisa abangazange bafinyelele ebusheni.

Izindlovu ezivuthiwe, njengomthetho, zihlala zodwa, futhi kuphela asebekhulile abavunyelwe ukuhambisana neqembu eliholwa umatriarch.

Eminyakeni engaba ngu-150 edlule, lezi zinkomo zazihlanganisa izilwane ezingama-30, ezingama-50 nezingu-100, esikhathini sethu, lo mhlambi uhlanganisa omama ababili kuya kwabayi-10, abasindwa ngamawundlu abo.

Izindlovu ezineminyaka engu-10 - 12 zifinyelela ebusheni, kodwa kuphela eneminyaka eyi-16 ubudala ezingaba nezingane, kuthi emva kweminyaka emi-4 zithathwe njengezabantu abadala. Ukuzala okuphezulu kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engama-25 kuye kwengama-45: ngalesi sikhathi, indlovu inika amalitha ama-4, ikhulelwa ngokwesilinganiso njalo ngeminyaka emi-4.

Abesilisa abakhulayo, bathola amandla okufaka umquba, bashiye umhlambi wabo weminyaka eneminyaka eyi-10 kuya ku-17 bese bezulazula bebodwa kuze kube yilapho izinhloso zabo zokushada zihlangana.

Isizathu sohlu lokukhwelana phakathi kwabesilisa abaphambili ngumlingani ku-estrus (izinsuku ezingama-2-4). Empini, abaphikisi abazibeka engcupheni impilo yabo kuphela, kodwa futhi nempilo yabo, njengoba besesimweni esikhethekile sezimali esibizwa ngokuthiwe kumele (ihunyushwe kusuka ku-Urdu - "ukudakwa").

Onqobayo udonsa ama-wimps futhi angashiyi okhethiweyo amasonto ama-3.

Amele, lapho i-testosterone ihamba khona ngezinga, ihlala izinyanga ezi-2: izindlovu ziyakhohlwa ngokudla futhi zimatasa zifuna abesifazane ku-estrus. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuphuma emzimbeni zimpawu zezinto okumele zenziwe: umchamo obuningi kanye noketshezi olunama-pheromones anephunga, akhiqizwa yindlala etholakala phakathi kwamehlo nendlebe.

Izindlovu ezivalekile ziyingozi hhayi nje ezihlotsheni zazo. “Ngokudakwa” bahlasela abantu.

Progeny

Ukuzalaniswa kwezindlovu zaseNdiya akuxhomekile esikhathini sonyaka, yize isomiso noma ukuqhoqhobala kwenqwaba yezilwane kunganciphisa ukuqala kwe-estrus ngisho nokuthomba.

Isibeletho sisesibelethweni sikamama kuze kube izinyanga ezingama-22, sakhiwa ngokuphelele izinyanga eziyi-19: esikhathini esisele, simane sibe nesisindo.

Ekuzalweni, izinsikazi zimboza owesifazane ngokuzalwa, emi isiyingi. Indlovu izala amawundlu eyodwa (akufane amabili) ukuphakama kwemitha eyodwa nesisindo esingama-100 kg. Usevele unezinsisizi eziwelayo lapho zibuyisela amazinyo obisi esikhundleni saphakade.

Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kuzelwe ingane indlovu isivele imile futhi incela ubisi lukamama, kanti umama uthulisa ingane ngothuli nangomhlaba ukuze iphunga layo elimnene lingazidonseli inyamazane.

Kuzothatha izinsuku eziningana, kanti osanda kuzalwa uyozulazula kanye nabo bonke abantu, abambelele nge-proboscis yakhe emsileni wokuya kukamama.

Indlovu yezingane ivunyelwe ukuncela ubisi kuzo zonke izindlovu ezivuthayo. Bakhipha isifuba senkonyane ngeminyaka engu-1.5-2, bedlulisela ngokuphelele ekudleni kwesitshalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, ithole lendlovu iqala ukuncela ukondla ubisi ngotshani namaqabunga inezinyanga eziyisithupha.

Ngemuva kokuba ibelethile, indlovu iyahlakazeka ukuze osanda kuzalwa akhumbule iphunga lezindunduma zakhe. Esikhathini esizayo, ithole lendlovu lizobadla ukuze bobabili umsoco ongafakwanga namagciwane we-Symbiotic aba nomthelela ekufakweni kwe-cellulose emzimbeni.

Indlela yokuphila

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indlovu yaseNdiya ibhekwa njengendawo ehlala ehlathini, ikhuphuka kalula intaba futhi inqobe izindawo ezimanzi (ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sonyawo).

Uthanda ukubanda okungaphezulu kokushisa, phakathi nesikhathi lapho ukhetha ukungashiyi amakhona amnyama, azenzele izindlebe ezinkulu. Yibo, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, abasebenza njengamamephu okuqala emisindo: yingakho ukuzwa kwendlovu kuzwela kakhulu kunokomuntu.

Kuyathakazelisa! Endleleni, isitho sokuzwa salezi zilwane kanye nezindlebe siy ... imilenze. Kwavela ukuthi izindlovu zithumela futhi zithola amaza omhlaba ngasendaweni ebanga lamamitha ayi-2.

Ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu kusekelwa umuzwa wokuhogela nokuthinta. Indlovu yehliswa amehlo kuphela, ayihlukanisi kahle izinto ezikude. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi ubona kangcono.

Umuzwa omuhle wokulinganisela uvumela isilwane ukuba silale lapho simi, sibeka izigaxa ezisindayo emagatsheni ezihlahla noma ngaphezulu kwezindunduma zesimu. Ekuthunjweni, ubanamathela ku-kapa noma uphumule odongeni.

Kuthatha amahora amane ngosuku ukulala. Abantu abancane nabagulayo bangalala phansi. Indlovu yase-Asia ihamba ngejubane le-2-6 km / h, ishesha ifinyelela ku-45 km / h engozini, ekhonjiswa ngumsila ophakanyisiwe.

Indlovu ayizithandi nje kuphela izinqubo zamanzi - ingumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu futhi uyakwazi ukuya ocansini emfuleni, ifaka abalingani abaningi izithandani.

Izindlovu zase-Eshiya zidlulisa imininingwane hhayi ngokubhonga kuphela, ukukhala kwecilongo, ukumemeza, umsindo kanye neminye imisindo: emgqonyeni wazo kukhona ukunyakaza komzimba nesiqu. Ngakho-ke, ukushaya okunamandla okugcina phansi kwenza kucace kubazinikeli ukuthi umlingani wakho uthukuthele kakhulu.

Yini enye okudingeka uyazi ngendlovu yase-Asiya

Le i-herbivore edla kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-300 kg yotshani, amagxolo, amaqabunga, izimbali, izithelo kanye namahlumela ngosuku.

Indlovu ingesinye sezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke (kucatshangelwa ubukhulu) bezolimo, njengoba imihlambi yazo idala umonakalo omkhulu emasimini omoba, ubhanana nelayisi.

Umjikelezo ophelele wokugaya ukudla uthatha amahora angama-24 wendlovungaphansi kwengxenye yokudla kuyangenwa. Emini, umdondoshiya uphuza amalitha angama-70 kuya kwangama-200 amanzi, yingakho engeke uhambe kude nomthombo.

Izindlovu zingakhombisa imizwa eqotho. Badabuka impela uma kushona izindlovu ezisanda kuzalwa noma amanye amalungu omphakathi. Imicimbi ejabulisayo inika izindlovu isizathu sokuzijabulisa nokuhleka. Ngokubona indlovu iwele odakeni, ngokuqinisekile umuntu omdala uyolula isiqu sakhe ukuze asize. Izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuqandelana zibambene ngeziqu.

Ngo-1986, izinhlobo (eziseduze kokuqothulwa) zashaya amakhasi e-International Red Book.

Izizathu zokuncipha okubukhali kwenani lezindlovu zaseNdiya (kuze kufike ku-2-5% ngonyaka) zibizwa ngokuthi:

• ukubulawa kwezindlovu nenyama
• ukulandela ngenxa yomonakalo epulazini,
• ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okuhambisana nemisebenzi yabantu,
• ukufa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto.

Emvelweni, abantu abadala abanazo izitha zemvelo, ngaphandle kwabantu: kepha izindlovu zivame ukufa ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa amabhubesi namahlosi amaNdiya.

Izindlovu zase-Asia zihlala iminyaka engama-60-70 endle, iminyaka engu-10 ngaphezulu kwizilwane zasendle.

Kuyathakazelisa! Umuntu oneminyaka eyikhulu owaziwa kakhulu ngendlovu uLin Wang waseTaiwan, owaya kokhokho ngo-2003. Kwakuyindlovu yokulwa eyayilungele kahle, "yalwa" ngasohlangothini lwebutho laseChina empini yesiBili yamaSino-Japan (1937-1954). Ngesikhathi sokufa, uLin Wang wayeneminyaka engama-86 ubudala.

Ngokuthumela amazwana, uyavuma ukuthi uyavuma ukucubungulwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu ngokuya ngenqubomgomo yobumfihlo