AmaGibhithe asendulo abheka i-falcon njengonkulunkulu u-Chorus - osanta babaphondo. Ngokwesiko lamaInca, le nyoni ifanekisela ilanga. Isiko lamaSlavic ligcwele izinkomba kuye njengophawu lwesibindi nodumo. Phakathi kwamaTurks, lo ngumphefumlo womnikazi, ongathengiswa noma odukile. Ngisho enye yezinganekwane ithi amandla angenakunqotshwa kaKhan Tokhtamysh afihlwe kumakhonkco akhe amabili. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwazana eduze nale nyoni ethokozisayo futhi sithole izici zayo.
Incazelo ye-Falcon
Le inyoni eyinhloko enamaphiko yeplanethi.. I-falcon iyakwazi ukuhamba emoyeni ngesivinini esingafika kumakhilomitha angama-320 ngehora. Umzingeli oqinile futhi oqinile, okwazi ukubona isisulu ngekhilomitha ngalinye. Igama lale nyoni ngesiLatini lizwakala njenge- "falco", livela egameni elithi "falx", okusho ukuthi isikela. Ngempela, uma ubheka i-falcon indiza, ungathola ukufana kwamaphiko ngesikela.
Ukubukeka
I-falcon inomzimba onamandla onamaphiko aqinile futhi abanzi. Isifuba esibanzi nemilenze eqinile. Uqhwaku lunesakhiwo esithandekayo: esifushane, esifana ne-hook-sezinyo elibukhali engxenyeni engenhla. Ikuvumela ukuthi wephule imisipha yezinyoni ezincane. Indawo ezungeze amehlo ihlanganiswe yindandatho engaphenduliwe. Izimpiko ezinkulu. Umsila omude, oyindilinga. Abantu abadala bahlukile ngezimpaphe ezincane ezindizayo. Kuma-falcons amancane, zonke izimpaphe zimfushane futhi ziyashintshana, futhi zivuleka kakhulu endizeni. Kubantu abadala, i-flywheel ingeyesibili kuphela, kodwa yinde kakhulu.
Iningi labamele linokukhetha okulandelayo:
- Ubude bomzimba: kufika ku-60 cm,
- I-Wingspan: kufika ku-120 cm,
- Umsila: 13-20 cm
- Izinyawo: 4-6 cm,
- Imisindo yephiko: kuya ku-39 cm,
- Isisindo: owesilisa aze afike ku-800 amagremu, izinsikazi zifinyelela ku-1,3 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Falcons angabesifazane akhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa ngesisindo nobukhulu bebonke.
Umbala uvame ukuhlotshaniswa ngokuxubile, onsundu noma onsundu grey. Iphethini engunxantathu ku-plumage of shades mnyama kakhulu ivezwa. Kungahle kube khona amabala amhlophe. Isisu nengxenye yesifuba kungombala ophuzi ngombala, ohlangana ngemisipha emnyama. Amabala amnyama ezimpaphe ezindizayo. Ikhanda nge-cap emnyama. Izimpaphe zilukhuni, zicindezelwe ngokuqinile emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, aziphazamisi nenyoni ngesikhathi sendiza, kodwa kunalokho zisiza ukuthuthukisa isivinini esengeziwe. Kukhona cishe abantu abamhlophe, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwama-gyrfalcons asenyakatho. Kunemibala emnyama kakhulu ecishe ibe mnyama, ecishe ibe mnyama.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Ngokuzingela khetha isikhathi sasekuseni nantambama. Izinyoni ezincane zivame ukubanjwa. ICarrion ayikaze idliwe. Ukubamba inyamazane sebenzisa amasu ahlukene wokuzingela. Bangakwazi ukwehla ngejubane elikhulu, ukusuka endaweni ephakeme enkulu. Bazingela kahle endizeni. Zonke ezinye izinsuku zithanda ukuphumula ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki, zigaya ukudla. Ezindawo ezidlekayo, ama-treetops namadwala kuyakhethwa. Akuvamile, kodwa kungenza izindlu zezinyoni zabanye abantu. Azikaze zidleke emhlabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Falcons athande ukuhlela imidlalo yomoya esibhakabhakeni, abonisa amandla nobuhle bendiza yabo. Imvamisa, zibonakala zidlalisa ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ziziveze.
Bayakwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu kakhulu emoyeni, lapho ezinye izinyoni zingandize. Yakha umbhangqwana futhi uvikele kakhulu "umndeni" wabo kwabangenayo. Onke ama-falcons angama-nomads ngokwemvelo. Futhi abaduki hhayi kuphela ekubizeni kwendalo ukuze babe nobusika kahle. Abanye bakwenza lokhu empilweni yabo yonke. Le nyoni ithathelwa kalula, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinemibala.
Akwesabi muntu nhlobo futhi kungahle kuhlalwe eduze kwezindlu zabantu. Amasu athakazelayo wokuzingela ama-falcons. Izazi zezinzwa zivame ukuthi i-falcon "ishaye" inyamazane. Impela, indlela yokuziphatha iyefana. Ubamba inyamazane ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha, ukuhlaselwa okuvela phezulu. Ishaya ukushaya okunamandla ngoqhwaku olufana nokokulwa. Ukushaywa okukodwa nje kwanele ukubulala inyoni encane.
Kwesinye isikhathi, kubukeka sengathi basabisa inyamazane evela emhlabathini, iyakhumula bese i-falcon ivele isisuse emoyeni. Ngisho namagwinya awanalo ithuba lokuphunyuka. Umhlaseli wenza umhlatshelo nge-angle engu-25 degrees, ngejubane elifika kumakhilomitha ayi-100 ngehora. Kwenzeka ukuthi ama-falcons abonakala edlala inyamazane: angakwazi ngokuqondile "ukuphutha" futhi ashiye i-trajectory, kepha lapho ephenduka, anikeza ukuhlasela okusha futhi abambe ilitshe.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Falcon yizinhlobo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinyoni.
Izinyoni zisabela kahle ekuqeqeshweni futhi cishe azethuki ngabantu. Lapho ukuqeqeshwa, kubalulekile ukufaka izinto zomdlalo emakilasini. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa, noma ngabe i-falcon yenza ukuxhumana okuhle - lokhu akuyona inja noma ikati, kepha isilwane esinamandla esidlayo. Bayakwazi ukujwayela umnikazi futhi bakhombise uthando, kepha basafuna ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ekuxhumaneni nomuntu.
Izinhlobo zama-Falcons
Umndeni we-falcon ufaka i-11 genera. Phakathi kwazo:
- I-Caracara. I-5 genera: emnyama, enobomvu, intaba, ipeni, umsindo.
- Amanga. Izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-6: ukuhleka, ihlathi, ubuncane baseMelika, abancane, abancane, ama-falcons (UFalco).
Kulawa, uhlobo lwamadokhumende (UFalco) iyona eyinhloko futhi enenombolo kakhulu. Kufaka phakathi izingxhaso ezingama-40 ezingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu abamele:
- Ama-Kestrels - izinyoni ezincane, eziminyene zombala obomvu. Kukhona futhi ompunga, kepha ikakhulukazi e-Afrika. Waziwa njengabazingeli be-rodent. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-12: iMadagascar, iSeychelles, iMauritius, iMolucca, iindevu ezingwevu, ezejwayelekile, ezinkulu, impungushe, i-steppe, grey, imicu, undlunkulu,
- Егegloki - inyoni enkulu futhi emancanyana enephunga elimnyama elimnyama nezimpaphe ezimnyama esihlathini. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu emhlabeni: i-cheglock ka-Eleanor, i-Afrika, eyejwayelekile, iMpumalanga ne-Australia,
- Amanga - iqembu elimele kakhulu. Kufaka isiliva, kusihlwa, ibele elibomvu, iNew Zealand, nsundu, grey, mnyama, iMedithera, i-Altai, iMexico, umsila omfushane,
- ITurumti nenoma ngabe i-falcon ebomvu– inyoni ephakathi nendawo, enophawu olubomvu lwesitini ekhanda lakhe. Ihlala ezifundeni zaseNdiya nase-Afrika.
- Kobchik - i-falcon encane, ifana kakhulu nemingcele nokuziphatha ku-kestrel. Isisindo singeqi i-200 amagremu. Uqhwaku lufushane futhi lubuthakathaka. Idla kuphela izinambuzane ezinkulu. Ngentokozo idla izinyoka, izintethe, izinkumbi namabhungane amakhulu. Isici esijabulisayo ukuthi igwababa likhetha "indlu" elahliwe njengesidleke sayo. Kuze kube yi-100 abamele abangahlala emaphaketheni. Abuye athuthele emaphaketheni.
- Derbnik - uhlala ikakhulu enyakatho nasempumalanga Yurophu. Uhlobo oluncane, olunamasheya olunamaphiko amafushane abukhali nomsila omude. Ihlala ezigodini zomfula, ama-sphagnum bogs. Gwema amahlo aminyene namahlathi amnyama. Kakhulu idla izinyoni ezincane. I-subspecies engavamile engahlela izidleke phansi.
- I-Laggar - inyoni enkulu, enkulu. Kusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekuzingeleni. Idla kwezinye izinyoni ezincane. Kepha ixhaphaza kuma-gophers, ama-hares.
- I-Saker Falcon - Ihanjiswe eCentral Asia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, China. Kubhekwa njengenye yezingosi eziyingozi kakhulu. Ngobude bukhula bufika kuma-60 cm. I-Wingspan ifinyelela kumamitha owodwa nesigamu. Ifana kakhulu ne-peregrine falcon, kepha ihluke emthunzini olula wombala kanye nokwakheka kwamaphiko.
- I-Gyrfalcon - the ezingaziwa futhi ngobukhulu kunayo yonke falcons. Masive, amaphiko amade futhi abukhali. Owesilisa unesisindo esingama-1 kg. insikazi cishe 2 kg. Ihluke ku-peregrine falcon ngomsila omude. Kuthunyelwe eYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika. Kune-subspecies ehlukile yama-gyrfalcons e-Altai. Kuhlanganiswe neNcwadi Ebomvu.
- I-Peregrine falcon- inyoni eshesha kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Inyoni enkulu, ummeleli wakudala womndeni we-falcon. Kuthunyelwe emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica,
- Shahin - obizwa nangokuthi yi -hlane falcon ngenxa yokuthanda impilo ogwadule. Usayizi omncane we-peregrine falcon ngosayizi. Umbala ubomvu kakhudlwana, ama-ocher shades. Insikazi inesisindo esicishe sibe yingxenye yesidoda. Isisindo sowesifazane sifinyelela ku-765 amagremu, abesilisa bavame ukuba nesisindo esingu-300-350 amagremu. Ukubuka okudumazayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Falcon - i-gyrfalcon iboniswa ejatsheni lezingalo zaseKyrgyzstan. Futhi ngohlamvu lwemali engama-500 Kazakh tenge i-falcon iyakhonjiswa - umthungi.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinyoni ezidla ezinye zihlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwezigxobo zasenyakatho nezaseningizimu. Bancane kuphela abendlula ngokweqile. Abakhulile bahlala ekhaya, behamba namakhaza eduze kwezindawo zokugcina. Bayazithanda izitebhisi nama-semi-desertert. Ama-Gyrfalcons akhetha izindawo ezisogwini zamazwe asenyakatho. EYurophu, kukhethwa izintaba namawa asezindaweni eziphakeme. I-Peregrine Falcons iyazulazula cishe yonke impilo yazo futhi itholakala nomaphi emhlabeni.
Ukudla kwe-Falcon
Idla izinyoni ezincane, namagundane, izinambuzane. Ingadla amaxoxo, izinyoka, kwesinye isikhathi nezinhlanzi. Idla kuzo zonke izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele ezincane kunobukhulu bazo. Isisulu asinalo ithuba lokuqaphela i-falcon kusengaphambili futhi, kakhulu, ukugqashula. Uqhwaku lomlomo lushaya kanzima, bese inyoni idabula isidumbu.
Kubalulekile! Ekuthunjweni, kubalulekile ukondla umdlalo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-falcon ingagula kakhulu.
Ukuze uhlelo lokugaya usebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, izinyoni eziningi zidinga izimpaphe namathambo amancane. Ngokwemvelo, bedla inyamazane yonke, bathola konke abakudingayo ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa sidlile, kwakhiwa imfumbe - lokhu kungukudoti okulethwe yinyoni.
Izinyoni ezinempilo kufanele zibe namaphazili njalo, ngaphandle kokungcola kwegazi kanye nephunga elingathandeki. Ekudleni kwasekhaya, nikeza amagundane, amagundane kanye nezinyoni ezincane ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokufaka isikhumba. Yondla ngokuya ngeminyaka. Lapho inyoni indala, mancane amathuba okuthi ayondle.
- Eminyakeni yamaviki amabili - cishe izikhathi ezi-6 ngosuku. Kulokhu, udinga ukunikeza izingcezu ezincane zenyama ezifakwe kwisisombululo se-saline esibuthakathaka. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukulandela amathe omama, esiza isilwane ukuba sigaye kahle.
- Kuze kube inyanga - cishe izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku,
- Kuze kube inyanga eyodwa nengxenye - izikhathi ezi-3-4,
- Amapulamu agcwele - ukondla izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku.
Ukuzalela inzalo
I-Monogamous Falcons. Kwenziwa umbhangqwana ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ezinyoni ezihlala eningizimu hemisphere, inkathi ihlala kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Agasti. Kepha kubamele abasenyakatho bama-falcons, izinsuku ziyaguquka: kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi. Umdanso womshado wenziwa kahle esibhakabhakeni. Owesilisa uvame ukuletha isipho kowesifazane emqhonyeni wakhe ngesikhathi izindiza ezinhle kakhulu nezinejubane elikhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ukuthi insikazi nowesilisa bahlehla kanjani ngejubane elikhulu, bethinta izindlebe zabo. Ngakho-ke, angandiza aze afike kumamitha ayi-10.
Isiza esidlekayo sikhethwe ngokucophelela. Kunconywa ama-nook aphephile. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amane abomvu anemibala. Kukholelwa ukuthi lapho isisindo sesifazane sisinda kakhulu, yilapho sinika kakhulu inzalo. Amaqanda afaka bobabili abazali. Hatching ihlala cishe inyanga.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isibalo sam amaphuphu esikhathi esizayo esidlekeni sincike ekulingeni kokudla: lapho kunala, amaqanda amaningi abekwa.
Amanga angabazali abakhathalelayo. Amachwane ayavikelwa, avikela ubudlova ngobudlova. Kodwa, lapho nje ukhula lwamakhaza lukhula, cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa, ngokushesha kufanele zishiye isidleke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunobungozi bokuhlasela olakeni lwabazali babo, abazizwa bencintisana ngokwemvelo kwabancane. Ukuthomba kulezi zinyoni kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-nyaka owodwa.
Izitha zemvelo
I-falcon inezitha ezimbalwa. Lezi cishe zonke izitha ezinkulu. Izikhova nazo ziyingozi kubona. Izimpungushe kanye nezinduna, izinsimbi kanye nezinsimbi kubamba izidleke, kudle amantshontsho. Kepha isitha esikhulu se-falcon ngumuntu obhubhisa imvelo, abhubhise ngenjongo yobumnandi noma asebenzisa ubuthi ukulima umhlaba wezolimo.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Okwamanje, ama-gyrfalcons abhalwe ku-Red Book njengohlobo. I-Altai Falcon isengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Akukho mininingwane ethembekile yokuthi labo bantu be-Altai falcon manje abasezweni bahlanzekile ngofuzo.
Kubalulekile! I-saker esengozini, i-peregrine falcon ne-kestrel zisengozini.
I-falcon yaziwa ngumuntu isikhathi eside. Wayehlala esetshenziswa njengomzingeli omangalisayo: uzimisele, uqine futhi unombani ngokushesha. Le nyoni kudala yayingumngane othembekile wabantu owaqamba izinganekwane ngakho, yaqhubeka nokuzinikela futhi yakhonza njengonkulunkulu ophilayo. Amakhosi we-airpace, izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamandla futhi abazingeli abangenakuthembeka - konke lokhu ngamanga.