Umndeni wakwaRedstart ufaka izinhlobo eziyi-13 zezinyoni, iningi lazo lihlala eChina, ezintabeni eziseHimalaya, e-European Plain, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esiphakathi neSiberia, engxenyeni encane ye-Asia.

I-Redstart isho izinhlobo ezinjalo zezinyoni, ezikhetha izindawo zokuhlala noma imijondolo yamahlathi, noma izindawo zezintaba. Ngokwesibonelo, redstart ejwayelekileogama lakhe lesibili i-coot lingumeleli ojwayelekile wobubanzi base-Europe. Futhi amahlathi aseSiberia aseSiberia afinyelela ezifundeni zasenyakatho ezakhiwe qala kabushaIsiSiberia.

I-Redstart, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yinsimu noma qala kabusha - inyoni evela emndenini wabathengi bezimpukane, iqembu londlunkulu. Ibizwa ngokuthi enye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ezihlala emapaki ethu, izingadi, amabala.

Isisindo somzimba wenyoni engeyona encane, asidluli i-20 g, ubude bomzimba ngaphandle komsila buyi-15 cm, amaphiko ngokudalulwa okugcwele afinyelela ku-25 cm. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-redstart ngumsila wayo omuhle, okuthi, ngaphandle kwehaba, ubonakale "ushisa" elangeni.

Esithombeni, qala kabusha

Kunzima ukuthi ungabuboni ubuhle obunjalo noma buqhelele kude, futhi lokhu, naphezu kokuthi ubukhulu be-pichuga abukhulu kunondlunkulu. Indiza isuka egatsheni iye egatsheni, i-redstart imvama ukwembula umsila wayo, futhi sengathi ukukhanya kwelanga, ivutha amalangabi akhanyayo.

Njengezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, owesilisa umi ngombala ogcwele kakhulu wezinsini. Izimpaphe zomsila zibomvu okomlilo ngombala omnyama.

Owesifazane upende ngamathoni athulisiwe wombala we-olive nge-admixube ka-grey, kanti ingxenye engezansi nomsila zibomvu. Kuyiqiniso, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokuphinda zenziwe emsileni ezinamachashaza amnyama. Lesi isibonakaliso esihlukile. redstart blackie kanye nomuntu esihamba naye - iSiberia.

I-blackhorn enesithombe

Ngendlela, ama-ornithologists abiza ngobukhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo ezichaziwe ze-redstart. i-red-beled redartart. Owesilisa, njengenjwayelo, unombala ogqamile kunowesifazane.

Inomqhele kanye nomphetho wangaphandle wephiko elimhlophe, emuva, nengxenye yesigaxa, intamo emnyama, nomsila, isibonda, isisu nengxenye yeplamu engezansi komsila kupende obomvu ngokuthinta nokugqwala. Kulolu hlobo lwe-redstart, umuntu angacabanga kahle nge-gamut ephelele yombala we-plumage.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Yize inyoni yaseSiberia ingummeleli ojwayelekile wamahlathi e-taiga, igwema izihlahla ezixakile ze-coniffort. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, le nhlobo itholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, emapaki nasezivandeni ezilahliwe, ezigcawini, lapho kuneziqu eziningi. Njengokujwayelekile, inyoni ithanda ukuhlala emigodini yokufakelwa eduze nalapho kuhlala khona abantu.

Izithombe iSiberian Redstart

Ukuqala kabusha ukucula Ifanelwe izibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle. Izibiliboco zakhe ziwumculo wokhiye ophakathi, onamahloni, ohlukahlukene kakhulu, omisiwe. Umsindo uqala ngo-high-chil-chil - no- "bese uya kwi-hilchir-chir-chir" egoqekayo.

Lalela ukuhlabelela kokuqala kabusha

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho kuculwa i-redstart, ungabamba izingidi zezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Isibonelo, ukulalelwa okucolisisiwe kuzokwazi ukuzwa umculo omnandi wenkanyezi, i-zaryanki, kanti abanye bazobona ukuthi lo mculo uvumelana nokucula kwe-tit, Finch, fc flycatcher.

AbakwaRedstart bathande ukucula ngaso sonke isikhathi ngisho nasebusuku i-taiga igcwele amathoni athule alezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zemvelo. Ukuningi okuningana ngezingoma zeRedstart: ama-ornithologists aqaphele ukuthi owesilisa ekuqaleni kwesizini yokuzala, ngemuva kokuphela kwekhonsathi enkulu, ushicilela i-roulade emfishane, engabizwa ngokuthi ikholeji.

Ngakho-ke, le ngoma ihlangene nomugqa oyingqayizivele womsindo ogcwaliswe ngamazwi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni, kanti umuntu osemdala oyidlalayo, uyithinta ngokwengeziwe ingoma yakhe futhi unekhono kakhulu lokusebenza.

I-Redstart Nutrition

Ukudla kwe-redstart kuncike kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala. Idla ikakhulu izinambuzane. Akazideleli zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, azithathe emhlabathini, azisuse emagatsheni, futhi afune amaqabunga awileyo.

Ngokuqala kwekwindla, ukudla kwe-redstart kuyagcwala, futhi bangakwazi ukuluma amajikijolo amahlathi noma engadini, njenge-ash ash evamile, i-viburnum, i-currant, i-elderberry, i-aronia nabanye.

Lapho okuphakelayo kuphela, okuvame ukwenzeka maphakathi nekwindla, abomvu babuthana ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika eshisayo. Indiza yalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni yenziwa ebusuku.

Phinda uqalise ukubuyela ezindaweni zabo zomdabu noma ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avuleke. Lapho nje izinyoni zifika ezingxenyeni ezidlekayo, owesilisa ngokushesha uqala ukubheka indawo yesidleke. Njengoba sekushiwo, izidleke zezinyoni zihlelwe ngembobo yokubukeka kwemvelo noma yokwenziwa.

Izimbobo zeWoodpecker ziyindawo efanelekayo yokwakha isidleke, kepha isiphunzi sesihlahla, esinendawo ecashile eseceleni komhlabathi uqobo, siyakufanelekela lokhu. Ama-pichugs awesabi ukuhlala eduze komuntu, ngakho-ke izidleke zawo zitholakala kuma-attic, ngemuva kwamafreyimu wewindi nezinye izindawo ezivalekile ezakhiweni lapho kuhlala khona abantu.

Owesilisa, ngaphambi kokufika kowesifazane, uqapha ngokwanele indawo ayitholile futhi axoshe izihambeli ezingenamusa kuye.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Inkambiso ethokozisa kakhulu yenziwa kabusha lapho ngesikhathi sokuqomisana. Owesilisa nowesifazane bahlala phansi eceleni kwegatsha, ngenkathi umfana onezinwele elula isandla sakhe ngendlela engajwayelekile ohlangothini lukhethiweyo, ngaleso sikhathi udonsa amaphiko akhe phezulu enze umsindo obabazekayo, okhumbuza i-gurgle.

Uma intokazi ibuyela kuye, ziyaphuma ngasikhathi sinye ukusuka egatsheni bese zindiza, zingumbhangqwana oshadile. Kepha uma insikazi, ngokwesibonelo, ingayithandi indawo ekhethiwe yesidleke, ishiya iRomeo, othandweni, ngaphandle kokungabaza.

Esithombeni, isidleke soku redstart ku-hole

Owesifazane uqobo wenza isidleke, futhi lokhu kuthatha isonto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Sonke lesi sikhathi i-redstart idonsela indoda eyisandla, noma kunalokho, amadlelo asesidlekeni. Izinto ezibonakalayo zingaba yi-moss, uboya kanye nezinwele zezilwane ezifuywayo nezasendle, izicucu zentambo, intambo, uthayela, ogcotshwe ekhaya nezinye izingulule ezingatholakala duzane.

Ukubekwa phansi kabusha kuqukethe amaqanda ayi-6, okuvame ukuba yi-7-8 kuwo. Amaqanda ama-Redstartembozwe ngegobolondo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwemashi sihlala amasonto amabili.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala, insikazi iyazivumela ukuba ishiye isidleke iyodla, bese ibuyela endaweni yayo, iqingqa amaqanda ngokucophelela ukuze ukufudumala kuqhutshwe ngokulinganayo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma umama okhulelwe engekho ekhaya isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yesine yehora, khona-ke ubaba onakekelayo uthatha indawo kumakhosi bese ehlala lapho kuze kubuye owesifazana.

Esithombeni, inkukhu ebomvu

Ukukhula okusha kuvela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Phinda uqede Inkukhu ozelwe eyimpumputhe futhi eyisithulu, empeleni okuhlukile, ngoba ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinyoni, amaphuphu azalwa ngale ndlela.

Bobabili abazali bondla izingane. Kodwa-ke, izinsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa insikazi ayiphumi esidlekeni, ukuze amaphuphu angabandi, noyise womndeni athole ukudla, futhi wondla owesilisa nam amaphuphu.

Imvamisa iduna linemichilo eminingana, kulokhu linakekela umndeni owodwa, kepha ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Undizela esidlekeni esinye kaningi, bese omunye umndeni umbona kancanyana.

Ukukhula nokuqina, amaphuphu emva kwengxenye yenyanga, engakakwazi ukundiza, aqala ukuphuma kancane esidlekeni esifudumele. Elinye isonto, abazali bondla izingane zabo, ezazingakayi kude nesidleke ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemuva kwesonto, amaphuphu athole isibindi futhi abaleke okokuqala, emva kwalokho akulungele ukuziphilisa.

Umbhangqwana oshadile, njengoba usukhululile inzalo yokuqala, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, uya kulokho okulandelayo futhi konke kuyaphindeka. Isikhathi esiphakeme kakhulu sokuphila obomvu endle akuvamile ukuba sidlule eminyakeni eyi-10; ekhaya, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, bayakwazi ukuphila isikhashana.

Incazelo Nezici

Ubukhulu benyoni buqhathaniswa nosayizi undlunkulu owaziwa yibo bonke abantu, cm 10-16. Isisindo somuntu silinganiselwa ku-18-20 g. Izimpiko zamaphiko ezinyoni zifinyelela ku-25 cm. Izimbambo zincane, ziphakeme. Inyoni encane ayinakushaywa indiva ngenxa yombala okhanyayo wesisu nezimpaphe zomsila. Umbala we-orange ovuthayo wanikeza igama kwabanezinwele. I-redstart esithombeni ikhombisa ukuthi ayinakuphikiswa nanoma ngubani. Ikhanda, emuva komthunzi ompunga. Ushizi, intamo emnyama. Owesifazane unengubo ansundu, enamamaki obomvu we-red - atholayo ngaphansi kowesilisa. Ebantwini abasha, iplamu limpunga ngombala. Ngo-ekwindla, umbala wazo zonke izinyoni uyaphela, uqhume. Le nyoni inomlomo omkhulu, omile kancane. Ihlelaniswe ngokuphelele nokubamba inyamazane.

Isici sokuhamba kwebhendi ukuphindaphindwa komsila ongajwayelekile. Izinyoni ezifudukayo ziya ezindaweni ezifihlakele eCentral Africa ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Njalo ukundiza ebusuku ngoSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Entwasahlobo, ngoMashi - Ephreli, babuyela ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala izidleke. Imizamo yokugcina izinyoni emakhejini iphumelela ngokunakekelwa okuhle. Kepha i-redstart ijwayela umuntu isikhathi eside, ekudingisweni icula kancane. Ekuqaleni, amaphiko ahlanganiswe yizinyoni, ngaphandle kwalokho ashaya amakheji futhi afe.

Bahlala kuphi

EYurophu, i-redstart ihlala emahlathini axubekile akhanyayo, futhi e-Afrika nase-Asia Minor ihlala namahlathi asezintabeni. Ushiya izindawo ezinamadwala namadwala eduze kwezihlahla zezintaba ezihlotsheni zesihlobo sakhe esiseduze - umnyama obomvu.

Kwezinye izingadi, zombili izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zihlala ndawonye. Phakathi kwezindawo eziyintandokazi zokuhlala lapho kuqalwa khona kabusha kukhona amapaki amadala nezikebhe, lapho kukhona khona izihlahla eziningi ezindala eziyize. EBerlin, kuphinda kuqalwe amapaki amadolobha, izingadi kanye namathuna. Namuhla, inani labantu basemadolobheni abanobunzima obukhulu kunabantu abaningi emahlathini amadolobha. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, i-redstart iqala ukulungiselela indiza yokuya e-Afrika efudumele. Ubusika busetshenziswa emazweni aseningizimu yeSahara e-Afrika.

I-Redstart: inyoni enomsila omuhle obomvu okhanyayo

I-Redstart iyinyoni engajwayelekile futhi enhle enobukhulu obuncane, engeyama-Passeriformes e-oda. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zale nyoni ezitholakala eRussia; izinhlobo eziningi okuthiwa azibhalayo azihambi zingene emazweni ethu.

Izinyoni ezikhulunywa kakhulu futhi ezixoxwa kakhulu ngalolu hlobo zingabhekwa njenge-redstart ejwayelekile (i-coot, ingadi), i-chernushka ne-Siberian redstart.

Ubude bomzimba wakhe wonke bufinyelela ku-15 cm, kuthi amaphiko abe ngamasentimitha angama-24. Inyoni inesisindo esingama-20-25 amagremu.

Ihlala kuphi i-redstart

Ungahlangana nale nyoni emazweni amaningi, kepha iningi lawo lihlala engxenyeni eseNingizimu-East Asia, cishe yonke indawo yase-Europe, e China, India nase Russia.

Iningi elibomvu kabusha lihlala kulezo zingxenye lapho kukhona indawo enezintaba, kodwa-ke, nazo zihlala emahlathini, ikakhulukazi emahlathini aphayini. Amahlathi ajwayelekile ahlanganiswe nezitshalo eziningi zobungcweti kanye nezomhlwa nazo zikulungele kahle ukuhlalwa kwalezi zinyoni.

Endaweni yakithi, i-redstart yengadi ingatholakala emapaki, izingadi, izingadi zemifino: into esemqoka ukuthi kunezhlahla eziningi eziyize ezikhula eduze.

Ebusika, i-redstart indiza isiya ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Arabian Islands nase-Afrika.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinyoni. Umehluko phakathi kokunye okutholwayo kwalezi zinyoni kwabanye ngumbala wezintshe kunasekuqaleni, okhanya kakhulu futhi ukhange kakhulu kunezinye izinyoni.

I-redstart inomsila obomvu okhanyayo, kanti ezinye izimpaphe zidwetshwe zimnyama, zimhlophe futhi zinsimbi grey. Kukholakala ukuthi umbala wesilisa uqhakaze kakhulu kunephunga lowesifazane.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ebusika, amathiphu wesilisa we-featherstone abe mhlophe kancane. AbakwaRedstart bayizinyoni ezisebenzayo impela: azihlali kodwa, kepha zihlala zindiza, zidala umsindo omningi.

Izitha zemvelo

Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo zohlobo olusha, izinyoni ezidla inyama zinendawo ekhethekile, imini nobusuku. Futhi okuyingozi kulolu hlobo lwenhlonyane kungamagwinya, izimantshi nezinye izinyoni ezihlasimulisayo ezihlala ezivandeni nasemapaki.

Izilwane ezincelisayo okwazi ukugibela izihlahla, ikakhulukazi, zingamalungu omndeni woselenisi, nazo zingazingela obomvu futhi zidle bobabili abadala nezilwane ezincane namaqanda. Ingozi enkulu yalezi zinhlobo, kanye nazo zonke izinyoni ezidla ezihlahleni, imelelwa izinyoka, ezivame ukuthola izidleke zokuphinda zidle amaqanda, amaphuphu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni ezindala, uma zibanjwa zingazi.

Izwi lenyoni

Esinye isici sale nyoni, ngaphezu kombala wayo wangempela wengubo yezimpaphe, ukucula okuyingqayizivele kwe-redstart, engahlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ngezigaba eziningana ezilandelanayo: isigaba sokuqala, isiphetho kanye nengxenye yokugcina yokwenziwa okwenziwe.

Ngemuva kokubuka i-coot isikhathi esithile, ngisho nomuntu ojwayelekile ozokwazi ukubona ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ngenkathi kwenziwa izingoma zazo uvame ukulingisa imisindo eyenziwe ezinye izinyoni.

Ama-Redstarts ajwayelekile acula cishe sonke isikhathi, ngenkathi ethatha ikhefu kuphela lokuphumula kobusuku, isikhathi sawo esingamahora ambalwa. Ekuphumeni kwelanga, izinyoni ezincane ziyavuka ngokushesha ziqale ukucula izingoma zazo ezimnandi. Eqinisweni, le nyoni yathola igama layo ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okumangalisayo - izimpaphe zikhanya ngokukhazimula emisebeni yelanga lasekuseni.

Ukubukeka

I-Redstart iyinyoni engeqi usayizi wendlunkulu. Ubude bomzimba wakhe abudluli ku-10-15 cm, nesisindo - amagremu angama-20. Amaphiko ale nyoni cishe angamasentimitha angama-25. Ngokwakheka kwawo, i-redstart ifana nondlunkulu ojwayelekile, kepha inhle futhi ikhanya ngokwengeziwe. Unomzimba ongemkhulu kakhulu ngesimo se-oval ephakeme kancane enesiphelo esilinganiselwe, esilingana nekhanda elincane elinoqhwaku olufana nomuntu oludlula ngendlela, kepha lude futhi aluncane.

Amehlo amnyama futhi acwebezela, njengobuhlalu. Amaphiko amafushane, kepha aqine ngokwanele. Umsila osendizeni ufana ne-fan engavulekile, futhi uma inyoni ihlala egatsheni noma emhlabathini, umsila wayo nawo ubukeka ufana ne-fan, kodwa usuvele usongwe.

Kuyathakazelisa! Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-redstart, ikakhulukazi ezihlala e-Asia, iplamu kusuka phezulu alinayo mpunga, kepha iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okudala umehluko omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kwephimbo elibandayo lombala wangemuva kanye nothayela oluhlaza osawolintshi wesisu senyoni nomsila wayo obomvu obomvu.

Imilenze yokhilimu obomvu imincane, yempunga emnyama noma umnyama omnyama, izipikili zincanyana kodwa zilukhuni: sibonga, inyoni ibanjwa kalula egatsheni.

Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila

I-Redstart ejwayelekile ibhekisa ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni ezifudukayo: ichitha ihlobo e-Eurasia, futhi indizela e-Afrika noma eNhlonhlo yase-Arabia ebusika. Imvamisa, ukufuduka kwasekwindla kwalesi zinhlobo, kuya engxenyeni yobubanzi lapho kuhlala khona lezi nyoni, kuqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma engxenyeni yokuqala yekwindla bese kuba phakathi no-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Abakwa-Redstart babuyela ezweni lakubo ngo-Ephreli, kanti abesilisa bafika ezinsukwini eziningana ngaphambili kunabesifazane.

Lezi zinyoni ezikhanyayo, ikakhulukazi emigodini yezihlahla, kepha uma kungenzeki lokho, zakha izidleke kwezinye indawo yokuhlala yemvelo: emigodini nasezigxotsheni zeziqu noma ezigxotsheni, kanye nakufoloko emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-Redstart ayinakho ukukhetha kokuphakama kwesidleke: lezi zinyoni zingayakha zombili izisekelo zephansi nesiqu esiqwini noma emagatsheni esihlahla.

Imvamisa, owesimame oyedwa wenza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke: uwakha ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwawo kukhona amagxolo ezihlahla, iziqu ezomile zezitshalo ezi-herbaceous, amahlamvu, imicu yesikhumba, izinaliti nezimpaphe zezinyoni.

AbakwaRedstart baziwa ngokucula kwabo, okususelwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ezifanayo nemisindo eyenziwe ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, njenge-Finch, Starring, flycatcher.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

I-dimorphism yezocansi kule nhlobo iyabizwa: abesilisa bahluke kakhulu kwabesifazane ngombala. Empeleni, kubonga impela abesilisa ngokufaka umbala obomvu onsundu noma obomvana oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuthi le nyoni ibe negama, ngoba izintokazi ezinombala obomvu zidwetshiwe ngesizotha: ngemibala e-brownish yokukhanya nokuqina okukhulu. Kwezinhlobo ezithile zalolu hlobo kuphela lapho abesifazane banemibala ecishe ifane neyamaduna.

Kuyathakazelisa! Izinsikazi azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngombala okhanyayo: ngaphezulu zinombala onsundu, futhi isisu sazo kuphela nomsila okhanyayo, obomvu kerawuni.

Ngakho-ke, ngombhalo ojwayelekile owesilisa, emuva nekhanda kune-tint emnyama grey, isisu sidwetshiwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo, kanti nomsila ungowolintshi ogqamile, okhanyayo, okude ukuthi kube sengathi livutha njengelangabi. Ibunzi lenyoni lihlotshiswe indawo emhlophe ekhanyayo, umphimbo nentamo ezinhlangothini zimnyama. Ngenxa yale nhlanganisela ehlukile yemibala, iRedstart yesilisa ibonwa kude kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinyoni azinkulu ngosayizi.

Izinhlobo ze-redstart

Kunezinhlobo eziyi-14 zokuqala kabusha:

• I-Alashan Redstart
• I-Redback Redstart
• Grest-ikhanda elibomvu
• I-Blackstart redstart
• I-Redstart ejwayelekile
• Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwensimu
• I-red-strake emhlophe
• I-Redstart yaseSiberia
• I-Redstart emhlophe-emhlophe
• I-Red-belued Redstart
• I-Redstart ebhekene neblue
• Grey Redstart
• I-Luzon Water Redstart
• I-Redstart embozwe ngamehlo amhlophe

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezifakwe kuhlu ezingenhla, manje kwase kunezinhlobo ezingapheliyo zohlobo lwe-redstart, ezazihlala endaweni yeHungary yanamuhla esikhathini sePliocene.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Ububanzi bokuvuselelwa kabusha bufinyelela kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi, ikakhulukazi iRussia. Kuqala kusuka eGreat Britain futhi kuya yonke indlela eya eTransbaikalia naseYakutia. Lezi zinyoni zihlala e-Asia - ikakhulukazi eChina nasezintabeni ezisezintabeni zeHimalaya. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-redstart nazo zihlala eningizimu - kuya eNdiya nasePhilippines, kanti izinhlobo ezithile zitholakala nase-Afrika.

Iningi elibomvu kabusha lithanda ukuhlala endaweni eyihlathi, noma ngabe ihlathi elinomusa obanzi noma elinomswakama: elijwayelekile nelinezintaba. Kepha amathikithi we-coniferous, lezi zinyoni azizithandi futhi ziyazigwema. Imvamisa, i-redstart ingatholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ezingadini nasemapaki ashiywe, futhi futhi hhayi ekuweni kwehlathi, lapho kuneziqu eziningi. Kulapho izinyoni ezincane zithanda ukuhlala khona: phela, ezindaweni ezinjalo akunzima ukuthola indawo yokuhlala yemvelo uma kungenzeka isondele engozini, kanye nezinto zokwakha isidleke.

Ukudla kabusha iRedstart

I-Redstart ikakhulukazi inyoni engavikeleki. Kepha ekwindla, kuvame ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo: izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamajikijolo noma amajikijolo engadi, njengejwayelekile noma i-aronia, ama-currants, ama-elderberry.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-redstart ayideleli noma yiziphi izinambuzane futhi ehlobo ibhubhisa isibalo esikhulu sezilokazane, njengamabhungane ama-nutcracker, amabhungane amaqabunga, izimbungulu, amacimbi ahlukahlukene, umiyane nezimpukane. Kodwa-ke, izinambuzane ezinenzuzo ezinjengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, izicabucabu noma izintuthwane zingaba yisisulu sale nyoni.

Kodwa-ke, ukuqalisa kabusha kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, kubhubhisa izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zensimu nehlathi. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zinyoni zivame ukondliwa zombili izinambuzane eziphilayo nokudla okukhethekile kwe-surrogate.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Njengomthetho, abesilisa babuya ebusika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili kunabesifazane futhi ngokushesha baqala ukufuna indawo yokwakha isidleke. Ukuze benze lokhu, bathola umgodi ofanele, ipothole esiqwini sesihlahla, noma nje nesixha sesihlahla esiwile siwele phansi. Le nyoni ayishiyi indawo eyithandayo futhi ayivumi izimbangi zayo ukuthi ingayithatha.

Ngemuva kokufika kwezinsikazi, isiko lokuthandana liyaqala. Bese kuthi-ke, uma owesilisa kanye nendawo ekhethwe nguye yenelisiwe okhethiweyo, wakhe isidleke futhi ubekela amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye wehabhu eliluhlaza okotshani kuso. Ngokwesilinganiso, iRedstart ichitha cishe izinsuku ezingama-7-8 ukwakha isidleke, ngoba ilifanelekela kahle leli bhizinisi.

Izinsikazi zifukamela amaqanda izinsuku eziyi-14. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinsukwini zokuqala uphuma esidlekeni isikhashana ukuthola ukudla, futhi lapho ebuya, uphendukisa amaqanda ukuze angalali ohlangothini olulodwa, ngoba lokhu kuphazamisa ukukhula okuvamile kwamachwane. Uma insikazi ingekho isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yehora, owesilisa uqobo uthatha indawo yakhe aze abuye.

Uma amaqanda abekwe izinyoni noma amachwane angakagugi efa ngesizathu esithile, khona-ke i-redstart yenza ikholaji entsha. Ama-redstarts abonakala engenakusiza ngokuphelele: enqunu, izimpumputhe nezithulu. Kwaphela amasonto amabili, abazali bondla izingane zabo. Ziletha izinambuzane ezincane kumachwane, njengezimpukane, izicabucabu, omiyane, amacimbi kanye nezinambuzane ezincane ngesembozo esinzima kakhulu se-chitinous.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ekuqaleni, kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu ebaleka, insikazi ayishiyi esidlekeni, ngoba ngenye indlela ingabanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uletha ukudla hhayi kuphela kwezizukulwane, kodwa futhi naye.

Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, izinyoni ezindala ziqala ukundiza zisuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, zikhipha ukukhala okukhulu, futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, zizame ukuxosha umhlaseli wazo noma zihambise ukunaka kwazo uqobo. Emavikini amabili kuzelwe, amachwane, angakakwazi ukundiza, aqala ukushiya isidleke, kepha awahambi kude naso. Bazali elinye isonto, kuze kube yilapho benza indiza yabo yokuqala, bayondliwa. Futhi ngemuva kokuba i-redstart encane ifunde ukundiza, ekugcineni iba nokuzimela. Ngokusobala, i-redstart ifinyelela ebusheni ngasekupheleni konyaka wayo wokuqala wokuphila.

Izinyoni ezindala, ngemuva kokuba amachwane ashiye isidleke sazo, zenza iqanda lesibili lilele, ngakho-ke, phakathi nesikhathi esifudumele, i-redstart iyakwazi ukuzala hhayi eyodwa, kepha amazinyane amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, benza okokugcina kulelo hlobo kungakadluli uJulayi, ukuze wonke amaphuphu abo abe nesikhathi sokumbopha futhi afunde ukundiza kahle ngesikhathi asuka ngaso ebusika. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi, lezi zinyoni akuzona izinhlobo ezithandekayo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, iduna lingakwazi “ukugcina ubuhlobo” nabesifazane ababili noma abengeziwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, unakekela zonke izingane zakhe, kodwa ngezindlela ezihlukile: uhambela isidleke esisodwa kaningi kunabanye futhi uchitha isikhathi esiningi lapho kunakwabanye.

Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo

I-redstart ejwayelekile ibhekisa ezinhlamvwini ezisakazekile, inhlala-kahle yazo engasongelwanga, futhi inikezwe lesi simo: "Okuxakile Okungakhathazeki". Ngezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo lobuciko, akuyona yonke into ephumelela kakhulu, ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqala kabusha kwamanzi eLuzon kugcwele futhi ububanzi bawo bunqunyelwe endaweni encane, ukuze noma yiluphi ushintsho lwesimo sezulu noma umsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu lungabulala lezi zinyoni.

Isimo sezinye izinhlobo

• I-Alashan Redstart: "Eduze Nengozi."
• I-Redstart-Backed Red: Ukukhathazeka Okuxakile.
• IGrest-ekhanda i-Grestart: Okuxakile Okungakhathazekile.
• Redstart Redstart: Okuxakile Okungakhathazekile.
• Inkambu Redstart: Okuxakile Okuxakile.
• I-Redstart emhlophe-emhlophe: Okuxakile Okungakhathazekile.
• ISiberia Redstart: Okuxakile Okungakhathazekile.
• I-Redst Brown-White: Kukhathazeke Kakhulu.
• I-Red-belued Redstart: Okuxakile Okungakhathazekile.
• URedstart obheke kuBlue: "Okhathazekile Okuxakile."
• I-Redstart enamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: "Okhathazekile Kancane."
• ILuzon Water Redstart: "Basengozini."
• I-Redstart enamakhodi amhlophe: "Okuxakile Okungakhathazekile."

Njengoba ubona, izinhlobo eziningi ze-redstart ziningi futhi ziyachuma, yize iqiniso lokuthi kunokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwinani labantu. Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kwalokhu, kwezinye izindawo zobubanzi balezi zinyoni zingaba zincane, ngokwesibonelo, e-Ireland, lapho ama-redstart angavamile kakhulu futhi esidlekeni kude nawo unyaka nonyaka.

Kuyathakazelisa! Emazweni amaningi, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokugcina inani lalezi zinyoni, ngokwesibonelo, eFrance kunqatshelwe ukubulawa kwalezi zinyoni ngamabomu, ukucekelwa phansi kweziqu zazo nokubhujiswa kwezidleke. Futhi kuleli lizwe kwenqatshelwe ukuthengisa ama-redstart agxiliwe noma izingxenye zomzimba wazo, kanye nezinyoni eziphilayo.

I-Redstart iyinyoni encane enkulukazi undlunkulu onamabala agqamile, ahlukile, ahlanganisa zombili izithunzi ezibandayo zesibhakabhaka noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, namathoni empunga angathathi hlangothi ngokuhambisana nokubomvu okufudumele komlilo noma okubomvu. Kusabalele eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, lapho kuhlala khona amahlathi, izingadi namapaki. Le nyoni, edla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, inenzuzo enkulu, ichitha izinambuzane zasehlathini nezingadi.

AmaRedstart ajwayele ukugcinwa ekudingisweni, ngoba azivumelanisa kahle nokuphila ekheji futhi angaphila lapho iminyaka eminingana. Kuliqiniso, i-redstart ayivamile ukucula ekuthunjweni. Kepha esimweni semvelo, ama-troll abo omculo angazwakala ngisho nasebumnyameni, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa noma ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ukuchazwa kokuqala kabusha okuhle kwenziwa ngusosayensi wemvelo waseSweden uC. Linney ngo-1758 encwadini yeSystema Naturae ngaphansi kwegama le-binomial elithi Motacilla phoenicurus. Igama lohlobo lwePhoenicurus laqokwa isazi semvelo saseNgilandi uTomos Forster ngonyaka we-1817. Uhlobo negama lezinhlobo ze-phoenicurus livela kumagama amabili esiGreki asendulo u-phoinix “obomvu” no -ouros - “onomsila”.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: AbakwaRedstart bangabameleli abajwayelekile bomndeni kaMuscicapidae, okhonjiswe kahle yi-etymology yegama lesayensi, owazalwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamagama amabili esiLatin athi "musca" = fly and "capere" = ukubanjwa.

Isihlobo esiseduze sofuzo se-redstart ejwayelekile yisibabule esimhlophe, yize ukukhethwa kohlobo kunika ukungaqiniseki ngalokhu. Kungenzeka ukuthi amadlozi akhe ayeyisiqalo sokuqala ukusakazekela eYurophu. Kukholakala ukuthi basuka eqenjini labamnyama elibomvu kabusha eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizigidi ezintathu edlule ekupheleni kwePliocene.

Ividiyo: Redstart

Ngokwezakhi zofuzo, i-redstart ejwayelekile neyimnyama namanje iyahambelana futhi ingakhiqiza inzalo ebonakala iphilile futhi inwebekile. Kodwa-ke, la maqembu amabili ezinyoni ahlukaniswe yizimilo zokuziphatha ezahlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zezemvelo, ngakho-ke ama-nzalo akavamile emvelweni. URedstart waba yinyoni yalonyaka eRussia ngonyaka ka-2015.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Ibanga lokuphinda banzi libanzi, lidlula endaweni kaNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika, e-Asia naseYurophu. Izinyoni zasebusika zichitha eningizimu yebanga, futhi lapho kufika intwasahlobo babuyela eYurophu. Ukufika kwezinyoni kuncike ekushiseni komoya nokubonakala kokuphakelwa kokudla - inqwaba yezinambuzane ezingadini, emapaki nasezindaweni zamahlathi.

AmaRedstart agwema izindawo ezinqabile, ukubonakala kwawo ehlathini-steppe akunakwenzeka. Izindawo abazithandayo ngamapaki amadala anezihlahla eziyize. Inani lezinyoni zasemadolobheni livame ukwedlula inani labantu basehlathini.

AmaRedstart akhetha ukuba yedwa, ngakho-ke izinyoni zigcinwa zodwa. Amaqembu akhiwa kuphela uma kunqwabelana okuphakelayo endaweni eyodwa. I-redstart ngayinye ithatha indawo yomuntu ngamunye.

Kuze kube nguJulayi ungezwa ukucula kwabo kwe-melodic, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Abesilisa abasebasha bahlabelela kakhulu kunabanye. Ukucula kwabo kuqhubeka cishe ubusuku nemini. Kamuva izinyoni ziyancipha. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, i-redstart inesizini ye-molt. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, izinyoni zihamba ziye ebusika ezindaweni eziseningizimu yebanga - amazwe ase-Afrika, eNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia.

Ukuqashelwa kwama-redstarts kukhombisa ukuthi bathanda izidleke ezingadini ezindlini ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ezihlahleni ezide. Abesilisa bafika kuqala ukuthatha isihlalo bakhombise izintokazi ezifikayo ukulungela kwazo ukuhlangana.

Imisila ecwebezelayo, njengabahlalu, iheha i-jozi endaweni yokwakha izidleke. Lokhu ukuheha izinyoni ngabalimi kuyasiza kakhulu. Isilimo esizayo sivikelwa ezinambuzaneni zezinambuzane: amacimbi, omiyane, amabhungane amaqabunga. Ukusondela kubantu akuzihluphi izinyoni.

Ukusetshenziswa kweRedstart kubantu

Le nyoni ilusizo olukhulu ekutshaleni izingadi nezitshalo ezikhulayo, njengoba le nyoni ingadli amahlamvu aluhlaza, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni. Abantu bayajabula lapho le nyoni ihlala phansi eduze kwekhaya labo lasehlobo noma engadini, ngoba ibulala izinambuzane ezingalimaza ukubonakala isivuno esihle (lokhu kufaka izimbungulu, amabhungane, omiyane nezinambuzane ezidla amahlamvu).

I-Ara parrot

Ihlala kuphi i-redstart?

Photo: Redstart in Russia

Ukusatshalaliswa kwale nhlobo yePalearctic yezinhlobo zasentshonalanga nephakathi nendawo kutholakala endaweni efudumele ye-Eurasia, kufaka phakathi indawo ezi-boreal, iMedithera kanye ne-steppe. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zendawo yokwakha izidleke kuboshwe izintaba. I-Redstart ayivamile enyakatho ye-Iberian peninsula, itholakala ikakhulu ezingxenyeni zayo eziseningizimu nasentshonalanga. Kunamacala wokuhlakazeka esidlekeni salezi zinyoni enyakatho ne-Afrika.

Eziqhingini zaseBrithani, lokhu kwenzeka empumalanga ekude ye-Ireland futhi akukhona eziqhingini zaseScotland. Endleleni eya empumalanga, uhla lufika eSiberia luze eLake Baikal. Abanye abantu abancane bangatholakala ngisho nasempumalanga yako. Enyakatho, ububanzi bufika eScandinavia buye kuma-71 ° enyakatho, kufaka neKola Peninsula, bese kuthi empumalanga iye eYenisei eRussia. e-Italy, izinhlobo azikho eSardinia naseCorsica. Indawo yokuhlala ihlakazeke impela eNhlonhlo yeBalkan futhi ifinyelela enyakatho yeGrisi.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-redstart akhuthele emaphethelweni aseningizimu nasenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama nasentshonalanga eseningizimu nentshonalanga yeCaucasus futhi acishe abe ngu-50 ° N ukudlula eKazakhstan kuya ezintabeni zaseSaur futhi ukuya empumalanga kuya eMongolia Altai. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kusatshalaliswa kusuka eCrimea nasempumalanga yeTurkey kuya eCaucasus kanye nasentabeni yeKopetdag nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iran kuya ePamirs, eningizimu kuya ezintabeni zaseZagros. Izidleke ezincane zaseSyria.

Ama-redstart ajwayelekile athanda amahlathi avuthiwe avuleke ngemisipha nangama-oki, ukusuka lapho ukubuka okuhle kwendawo enenamba ephansi yezihlahla nezihlahla ezingaphansi komhlaba kuyavuleka, ikakhulukazi lapho izihlahla zindala ngokwanele ukuba zibe nezimbobo ezilungele izidleke. Zincamela ukudla esidlekeni sehlathi.

EYurophu, kuhlanganisa namapaki nezingadi ezindala ezisezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Izidleke ezihlahleni zemvelo zezihlahla, ngakho izihlahla ezifile noma lezo ezinamagatsha omile ziwusizo kulolu hlobo. Imvamisa zisebenzisa amahlathi amakhulu evulekile we-coniffort, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yohlu lokuzalela.

Kubukeka kanjani

I-Redstart ingabonakala kalula, yona inyoni encane enomsila obomvu. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-redstart umbala womsila nesisu; anombala obomvu ocebile, emuva ngimpunga. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinsikazi zinsundu kakhudlwana ngombala. Ngesikhathi indiza isuka egatsheni iye kwelinye, i-redstart ibopha umsila wayo, obonakala sengathi ukhanyisa umlilo elangeni bese ibamba. I-redstart yaqanjwa kanjalo ngombala ogcwele umsila, kubonakala sengathi “iyasha” (umsila uyavutha).

Phakathi kokuqalwa kabusha, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukahlukene, ezibandakanya i-red -art redstart (evamile), ebomvu kabusha, ebomvu kabusha yaseSiberia, ebomvu ebomvu, i-redotart, i-redotart. Ngasikhathi sinye, zonke ziyahlukahluka ngomzimba omfushane, uqhotho obunjengobuso be-awl obuncane ekugcineni, imilenze emide nemincane.

Ngabe udlani kabusha?

Photo: Owesifazane Redstart

URedstart ufuna ukudla ikakhulukazi emhlabathini, engxenyeni engezansi yezihlahla notshani. Uma ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesihlahla noma esihlahleni sine inani elanele lezinambuzane ezisakazayo, inyoni nayo iyazidla. Ukudla kokuqala kabusha kuqukethe izilwane ezincane ezingenamsoco, kepha ukudla kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi amajikijolo, nakho kudlala indima. Uhla lokuphanga luhlukile, luhlanganisa imindeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50 yezinambuzane, ama-arachnid ahlukahlukene kanye nezinye izakhamizi eziningi zenhlabathi.

Ukudla kabusha kuqukethe:

Amajikijolo nezinye izithelo kwesinye isikhathi kuphekelwa amachwane, futhi futhi emva kwenkathi yokuzalela kwabantu abadala, izilwane ezindala ziyadla. Izinambuzane ezivikelayo ezifana nezinyosi kanye neminyovu azisetshenziswa ekubhaleni. Usayizi wokukhiqiza usukela kumamilimitha amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Isisulu esikhulu siyakhungatheka ngaphambi kokondla. AbakwaRedstart ngokuyinhloko balindele ukuba inyamazane ivele, icashe ezindaweni eziphakeme njengamatshe, izigxobo noma ophahleni, izihlahla eziqabulayo noma izihlahla.

Ibanga lokukhiqiza livame ukuhlangana ngamamitha amabili noma amathathu, kepha lingaba ngamamitha angaphezu kweshumi. Njengenye indlela yokuzingela inyamazane, i-redstart nayo ibheka ukudla ngqo emhlabathini ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze wenze lokhu, unamawashi ahleleke kahle futhi neminwe emide yangaphakathi neyangaphandle yokugijima. Esikhathini esiningi uhamba, eshaya umoya. Ngakho-ke, i-redstart ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka ekukhetheni nasekudobheni inyamazane.

I-Blackstart redstart

I-Blackstart redstart noma i-blackstart redstart ivame ukutholakala eYurophu naseCentral Asia. Ungaphansi kondlunkulu futhi unesisindo esingu-14-19 amagremu. Owesilisa unepula elingenhla elingenhla limnyama, ibunzi, ibhulashi, izihlathi, intamo kanye ne-goiter kumnyama, umsila upende ngombala o-orange o-rusty onamachashaza amnyama. Ngaso leso sikhathi, insikazi ine-hue brown brown-brown, ngaphandle kwengubo ebomvu nengubo ebomvu ekhanyayo.

Izinyoni ezinje zihlala ezindaweni ezinentaba:

• amatshe amatshe
• emaphethelweni edwala
• emithambekeni enamatshe aqwebile

Ziphinde zitholakale ezindaweni okuhlala kuzo, lapho zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zezimboni nezokwakha, izindawo ezivulekile ezinezakhiwo ezihlukile njengamapayipi ezimboni noma amakhefu amasonto. Ama-Redstartts amnyama agcinwa eyedwa futhi ngababili.

E-Ukraine, i-blackstart redstart ibhekwa njenge isidleke, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezifudukayo ezitholakala ezweni lonke.

Ukucula kuyakudala kakhulu futhi kuyadelela ngezinto zokugcoba, njengesitofu. Ekuqaleni, kuzwakala iTrill hoarse trill, ivolumu yayo ikhuphuka kancane kancane, kuthi emva kwalokho kwakhiwe i- trill ende. Ngo-redstart redstart, iculo lingaphindwa kaninginingi zilandelana.

Ngabe idlani le nyoni?

Izinyoni ezinje zidla izinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo nezindizayo: izimpukane, amacimbi, omiyane, amapayiphu wezimvemvane, futhi izicabucabu kanye neminonjana emincane kungabikwa njengokudla kwazo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi lezi zinyoni ezincane zidla izinambuzane kuphela, zipenda ngentokozo enkulu zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo amancane akhula ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni.

Inqubo yokuthola nokudla ukudla iyathakazelisa kakhulu, i-redstart ayidli masinyane izinambuzane: okokuqala, inyoni ibamba inyamazane, bese iyiyisa endaweni lapho kungekho ngozi. IBhungane elikhulu liqala ukushaywa yilolu qalo ngoqhwaku lwalo, noma liphonswe ngokukhethekile phezu komhlaba onzima womhlaba ukuze lihlebe inyamazane. Izinkumbi ezincane noma izinambuzane, ubomvu ubhoboza imilenze yayo.

Ngaphambi kokuletha inyamazane ukondla amantshontsho ayo, i-redstart beak chop bese inquma izinambuzane futhi amajikijolo aklebhukile, futhi emva kwalokho ithumele lo "puree" kubulomo bezingane zabo.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Owesilisa Redstart

I-redstart imvamisa ihlala emagatsheni aphansi ezihlahla noma emithini emincane futhi yenza ukushukuma komsila okumangazayo. Ukuthola ukudla, le nyoni iya emhlabathini kancane noma ibambe izinambuzane ngenkathi indiza emoyeni. Ubusika enkabeni ye-Afrika ne-Arabia, eningizimu yehlane laseSahara, kodwa enyakatho ye-equator nokusuka empumalanga yeSenegal kuye eYemen. Izinyoni ziyafuduka ezindaweni eziseduze kwesimo sezulu se-savannah. Abafuduki ebusika abangavamile bayabonakala naseSahara noma eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izizinda zaseningizimu-mpumalanga zibusika ngaseningizimu yendawo yokuzalela, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, e-Ethiopia naseSudan empumalanga yeNile. I-Redstart ihamba kuqala ubusika. Ukufuduka kwenzeka kusukela maphakathi noJulayi futhi kugcina endaweni ethile ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Isikhathi esikhulu sokuhamba sisengxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti. Izinyoni ezihamba kwesikhathi zitholakala kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, kuyaqabukela ngoNovemba.

Ezindaweni ezizaliswayo, izinyoni zokuqala zifika ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, isikhathi sokuqala sokufika sisukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukuhamba okufudukayo kokuqala kabusha kuncike kokuphakelayo okutholakalayo. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, inqwaba yokudla yakhiwa amajikijolo. Ngemuva kokufika, abesilisa bacula cishe usuku lonke, kuphela ingoma yabo ayinasiphetho esiphelile. NgoJulayi, i-redstart ayisasebenzi.

Ukuhlanza kwenzeka ngoJulayi - Agasti. AmaRedstart akuzona izinyoni ezijabulisa abantu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, cishe ahlala eyedwa efuna ukudla. Ezindaweni lapho kuqongelelwa khona inyamazane, ngokwesibonelo, osebeni lwemifula, kukhona ukunqwabelana okungenakubalwa kwezinyoni, kepha noma kunjalo ibanga elide phakathi kwazo lihlala.

Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kanjani

Imvamisa, ama-redstart akha izidleke zawo emgodini wezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zawo zingakhiwa ngaphansi kophahla lwendlu yokuhlala komuntu noma esakhiweni esenziwe ngokhuni.

Amacala okwakhiwa kwezidleke ezimpandeni zezihlahla akuvamile: kulula ngokwanele ukulungisa impahla lapho isidleke sizoboshelwa khona. Yakhiwa kusuka otshanini, amahlumela, iminyuzi, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala imicu, izintambo, uvolo kotini.

Owesilisa uqinisekisa ukuthi ezinye izinyoni azihlali esidlekeni esisanda kwakhiwa, futhi unesibopho sokuhlanzeka kwendlu okuthiwa lapho kuhlala amathole (nsuku zonke ususa konke okungadingeki kuqhwaku).

Le nyoni iqala ukubeka amaqanda ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ekhondweni elilodwa kunamaqanda ayi-6 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuqandeka kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili, emva kwalokho amachwane aqandusela esidlekeni ezinye izinsuku eziyi-15.

Kokubili insikazi nowesilisa kudlisa inzalo yabo: baletha ukudla emachwaneni abo kuze kube ka-500 ngosuku. Ababelethi bahambisana namantshontsho aze aqale ukundiza ngokuzethemba athole ukudla kwabo.

Okumpunga okumpunga noma okujwayelekile

Umbala ompunga noma obomvu ngokujwayelekile ungenye yezinyoni ezinhle. Kodwa-ke, owesilisa kuphela ongaziqhayisa ngezinsimbi ezidwetshwe kamnandi, ngoba amaplamu kowesifazane ampofu. Umbala onsundu, kepha umsila ubomvu okhanyayo. Esiduneni, iplamu langemuva liyi-ash-grey, isifuba, isisu, izinhlangothi nomsila kupende ngombala obomvu ovuthayo, kepha umphimbo wakhe nesihlathi kumnyama. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa unebunzi elimhlophe.

I-Redstart ejwayelekile ihlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, i-Eurasia, kanye nasemaRussia amaningi.

Ngaphandle komehluko ongaphandle, i-redstart ejwayelekile ibuye ihlukaniswe ngokucula kwe-sonorous. Ekuqaleni, i-trill ijwayelekile futhi i-sonorous, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imvamisa ye-trill iyancipha.

Amakhono omculo enyoni

Inzuzo enkulu ye-redstart ukucula kwayo, okuhlukaniswe ngokuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: isingeniso, umvuthwandaba nesiphetho.

Uma ubheka ngokucophelela indlela yokucula kwabo, ungabona ukuthi ukuvame ukuqalwa phansi kufana nokufana nokucula kwezinye izinyoni.

Izinyoni zicula cishe sonke isikhathi, zithatha ikhefu kuphela ebusuku, ngokoqobo amahora ambalwa. Ngokuphuma kwelanga, baqala ukwenza imisindo yemilingo yengoma yabo emnandi, behlikihla umsila wabo ngenkuthalo.

Ekuntweleni kokusa, lapho i-redstart iqala ukucula, umbala wamabala wepayipi uyakhazimula ikakhulukazi kusukela emisebeni yelanga ekhuphukayo, ngakho-ke i-redstart yathola igama layo, ngoba kusukela ekuhlanganiseni komsila we-orange kanye nemisebe ephuphuthekisayo, kungabonakala sengathi izimpaphe zempaphe zimane zishise futhi zishise.

Iningi labesilisa licula, lingacula cishe izingoma ezingama-500 ngosuku olulodwa.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Phindisela izidleke emihumeni noma kunoma yikuphi okudingayo ezihlahleni, ezidlekeni ze-Woodpecker. Ingaphakathi akufanele libe mnyama ngokuphelele, kufanele likhanyiswe ngokukhanya okubuthakathaka, okunjengomnyango obanzi noma umgodi wesibili. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lusakazeka emihumeni engenalutho, njengofakwa emadwaleni amadwala, ezindaweni ezicijile kocingo. Izilimo zivame ukutholakala ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngabantu. Iningi lezidleke zitholakala ekuphakameni kwamamitha elilodwa kuya kwamahlanu. Uma ubumbeko lubekwe emhlabathini, khona-ke kufanele lube sendaweni evikelekile.

Redstart banamathela indlela monogamous kabusha. Abesilisa bafika ngaphambi kwesikhathi endaweni yokuzala bese beyofuna indawo yokukhosela efanelekayo yokwakheka esidlekeni. Isinqumo sokugcina senziwa ngowesifazane. Lesi sidleke sakhiwa cishe kuphela ngowesifazane, okuthatha kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-1.5 kuye kwezingu-8. Ubukhulu buvame ukunqunywa yivolumu ye-nesting patity.

Utshani, utshani, iminyuzi, amaqabunga noma izinaliti zikaphayini kusetshenziselwa ukubeka indawo yokwakha isidleke. Imvamisa kuba khona ama-admixtures amancane amanye, ama-coarser materials, anjengamagxolo, amahlumela amancane, ama-lichens noma umcamelo. Ububanzi besakhiwo busuka ku-60 kuye ku-65 mm, ukujula kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-48 mm. Okungaphakathi kuqukethe izinto ezifanayo nezisekelo, kepha kuncane futhi kufakwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Imbozwe izimpaphe, iminyene, izinwele zezilwane, noma into efana nale.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma izinhlansi zilahlekile, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokubuyiselwa okufika sekwephuzile kwehlwaya. Ukuqala kokuqala kokuqothuka kokuphela kokuphela kuka-Ephreli / ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, i-oviposition yokugcina yabonwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi.

I-Clutch iqukethe ama-3-9, amaqanda ayi-6 noma ama-7. Amaqanda kukhona okusaqanda, abe nombala ojulile oluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-14 futhi kuqala ngemuva nje kokuba iqanda lokugcina selibekwe. Ukuqathelwa kwamachwane kungathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, izinyoni ezincane ziqala ukundiza. Izinyoni ezincane zithuthela ngokushesha ezindaweni zasebusika lapho zihlala khona. Bakhula ngokobulili ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila.

Ingadi kabusha

I-bustani redstart ithanda ukuhlomisa izidleke kuphela ezihlahleni, ezitholakala ezivandeni ezindala, emapaki. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukhetha ukuhlala kude nabantu. Indawo ebomvu engadini iyatholakala futhi emahlathini amade axubile, emahlathini acijile, lapho kuhlala kukhona izihlahlana eziminyene.

Indawo ebomvu engadini yabesilisa inomzimba ophezulu womphimbo, umphimbo omnyama, izinhlangothi kanye nebunzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye engenhla yekhanda maphakathi nomzimba ophansi inombala omhlophe. Isifuba, izinhlangothi kanye nomsila obomvu ogqamile obomvu. Ngokungafani nabesilisa, izinsikazi zidwetshwe ngompunga omnyama, kepha ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ingwevu. Futhi ezimpaphe ezingwevu zomzimba ophansi kukhona izindunduma ezimpunga.

Ukuculwa kokuqalwa kabusha kwengadi kuyavumelana futhi kucebile. Ekuhlabeleleni kukhona ama-melodic nama-stanzas amnene. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-redstart iyinhlekisa elimnandi futhi elingenamahloni, ngakho-ke livame ukuhumusha izingoma zabanye abantu.

Qalisa kabusha

I-Redstart-coot - inyoni encanyana ethambile emilenzeni emide emincane. Lezi yizinyoni ezihamba nendlwana, ngakho-ke ezindiza zihamba usuku nosuku, zizungeza umsila wazo omuhle.

Ukucula kabusha kubi kuhlukile kwezinye. Ingoma iqukethe ithrekhi emfushane, ethize yamakhala, eqala ngomsindo oweluliwe futhi iphele ekunxuseni okuhlukile kakhulu phakathi kwengoma.

Yini ehehayo futhi engajwayelekile kule nyoni

• Ebona esibukweni kuboniswa komzimba wakhe, i-redstart ingamjaha ngokuhlasela,
• Izinsikazi zithanda ukubamba izinambuzane phezu komhlaba, kanti owesilisa ubamba izinambuzane ezindiza,
• Ama-redstart angakwazi ukwenza izidleke zezinye izinyoni (ngokwesibonelo, amakhukhamba amancane) kanye nezawo: zondle, uzifundise ukudla nokundiza.

I-Redstart ingenye yezinyoni ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi eziqaphelekayo; umbala wayo awukwazi ukudidaniswa nombala wanoma iyiphi enye inyoni!

I-Redstart yaseSiberia

ISiberian Redstart itholakala emahlathini aqhakazile, izihlahlana, izingadi ngisho nezindawo ezithile eningizimu yeSiberia, Isifunda sase-Amur nasePriborye. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidleke zihlelwe emigodini, amadwala aqhekekile, inqwaba yamatshe noma ngaphansi kophahla lwamabhilidi.

Ku-Redstart yesilisa yaseSiberia, ingaphezulu lekhanda nentamo kukhanya ngombala, izinhlangothi zekhanda, umphimbo, emuva nezimpiko zimnyama, kepha kukhona ibala elimhlophe ngamaphiko. Isisu nomsila zibomvu ngokugqamile. Insikazi ifana ne-redstart evamile yabesifazane. Amapulangwe akhe ansundu, kepha umsila, njengowowesilisa, ubomvu okhanyayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inendawo emhlophe emaphikweni.

I-Red-belued Redstart

I-Red-belued Redstart ifana kakhulu ne-Siberian Redstart, kepha inkulu futhi igqamile. Owesilisa une-chestnut ebomvu ye-chestnut, kepha insikazi inesisu esibomvu nebala elimhlophe emaphikweni.

Ihlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zaseCentral Caucasus naseSouthern Siberia, noma kunjalo ifukama ezintabeni eziphansi - emahlathini ase-sihlahla se-sihlahla se-sihlahla sasemanzini noma semifula yemifula.

Ukubhebhetheka

I-Redstart iyinhlobo ejwayelekile yezinyoni zaseYurophu, ngakho-ke indawo ehlala kuyo ihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kutholakale eYurophu, iningi laseSiberia eliseNtshonalanga neCentral ne-Western Asia. Kakhulu bakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aphayini. Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziyisihluthulelo zezidleke ziseyimiphetho yamahlathi, iziqu zezihlahla, amasango amadala, izingadi namapaki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-redstart akhetha ukufaka izidleke ezindaweni zokugcina lapho izidleke zakhiwa ngokuphepha. Izinduna zihlala phansi emigodini, emagatsheni aminyene ezihlahla, ezihlahleni ezinde neziqu ezindala.

I-Nesting

Izinzwa zihlala ezindaweni ezivalekile nezingafinyeleleki. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidleke zakhiwa ngendlela engenandaba futhi zinesimo sendebe. Ukwakha i-redstart, kusetshenziswa iziqu ezomile ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo ze-herbaceous, kusetshenziswa imicu yezinkuni enezinhlanganisela zamaqabunga, ama-moss kanye nezingcezu zamagxolo. Emva kwalokho, kusungulwa udoti esidlekeni, kubandakanya uboya, izimpaphe nezicucu zamaqabunga. Ubukhulu besidleke esinjalo bancane: ububanzi - 110 mm, ukuphakama - 90 mm, ububanzi be-tray ngokwesilinganiso 90 mm, ukujula kwetreyi ku-40-70 mm.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emahlathini kuvame ukuba nezindlu ezikhethekile zokuvuselelwa kabusha ezenziwe ngezandla zabantu. Kodwa-ke, indlu kufanele yenziwe kuphela ngekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ilungele izinto zezinyoni. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhodi alahlekile - ibhodi le-slab noma elihlanganisiwe, ukushuba kwalo kungamasentimitha angama-2,5,5. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ibhodi kufanele lihlelelwe kuphela ukusuka ngaphandle kwendlu.

Indlu ingcono ukwenza usayizi ofanele:

• ukuphakama - 20-25 cm
• phansi - 12 kuya ku-12
• indawo engezansi yangaphakathi yi-15-20 sq.cm
• ububanzi bamakhanda - 3-4 cm
• ibanga ukusuka ezansi kwe-notch kuya ezansi - 10-12 cm
• kusuka phezulu kwenothi kuya ophahleni - 4-5 cm

Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-redstart awanandaba nezindlu ze-rhombic, ngakho-ke ungazibeka engela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlobo indlu iqondiswa entshonalanga noma eningizimu, into esemqoka akuyona ukuhlangana nomoya.

AmaRedstart nawo agcinwa ekhaya. Bahlala kahle ezitokisini. Kodwa-ke, akunconywa ukuthi kugcinwe kabusha izinkamba eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba ziyalwa, kaningi ngaphambi kokubulawa komphikisi.