USaola - ongandile wezinkabi * Ama-vertebrates

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Umbuso:

Eumetazoi

I-infraclass:

I-Placental

Subfamily:

Bull

Ubulili:

I-Pseudoryx UDung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander kanye neMacKinnon, ngo-1993

Buka:

USaola

Igama lesayensi yamazwe omhlaba

I-Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc,
I-Arctander, MacKinnon, 1993

USaola (lat. Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) luhlobo lwama-artiodactyls omndeni wesitini, ohlala eVietnam naseLaos, owatholwa ososayensi ngonyaka we-1992 kuphela. Isihloko I-Pseudoryx inikezwe ngokufana kwezimpondo zayo nezimpondo zama-gemsbok (I-Ryx).

Indaba yokutholwa

Uhlobo lwaqala wachazwa ngokwesayensi ngonyaka we-1993, ngawo lowo nyaka wathola igama lesayensi. Ukutholwa kwayo bekunguhlobo lomuzwa, ngoba akekho owayelindele ukuthi ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kusazokwazi ukutholakala uhlobo olusha olungaziwa lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu. Kutholakale izimbambo ezintathu ze-saolas eWu Quang Nature Reserve enyakatho nentshonalanga yeVietnam. Ngemuva kwalokho, izazi zezilwane zahamba zafuna abanye abantu futhi zathola ezinye ezingama-20 kungakapheli unyaka. Noma kunjalo, okokuqala ngqa, bakwazi ukubamba futhi bathwebula isithombe se-saola bukhoma ngonyaka we-1996 eLaos. Ukutholwa nezithombe zalezi zilwane kuhlala kungandile kakhulu, ngoba kungenye yezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke zama-bovid emhlabeni.

Incazelo

Ubude be-saola bubalelwa ku-180 cm, ukuphakama kwawo emahlombe kungama-90 cm, futhi anesisindo esingama-100 kg. Ijazi linombala onsundu; kukhona ibala elimhlophe ngenhla kwezebe ngalinye. Esihlalweni sokuzungeza iphethini elimhlophe ngalinye. Umzimba ufana nomdukeli, kanti nekhanda lifana nekhanda lesidenge. Izimpondo zinde, zincane futhi zicishe ziqonde, ziqondiswe emuva. Ubude bawo bungaba ngu-50 cm.

Muva nje, isilo esiyimfihlakalo, uSaola, satholakala ehlathini lase-Indochina. Kuvulwe ngesibindi, vele isisondele ekuqothulweni. Umzabalazo wokusindisa uSaola ngumjaho ongalingani nabazingeli

Ama-leeches omhlaba waseVietnam anemihlathi emithathu. Benza ukuhlangana okucocekile esikhunjeni, okuyisimo sogongolo lwaso esibonakalayo futhi ngemuva kwesonto, bajova i-enzyme evimbela ukuqubuka kwegazi, bayamunwa bese bawa, negazi liyaqhubeka nokugeleza. Ngigcoba izinyawo zami ngokuxosha umiyane (kuyaphindisela nezinkulumo), kanti abanye banesokisi elikhethekile leech ezinyaweni zabo. Kepha okuthengiswayo kuyahlanzwa ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwemifudlana, bese kuthi izinqe ezincane, zikhuphuke zingene kumasokisi ngokukhululeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yethu ihamba emithambekeni ecishe ibheke phezulu: kufanele sihambisane nodaka olushelelayo, sikhuphuke ngamadolo, sinamathele emagatsheni, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile siwele odakeni oluwuketshezi. Ngakho-ke i-leeches inamathuba anele okubambelela ezingalweni noma eweni. Ngemuva kohambo lwethu oluncane, oluhlanganisa isazi sezilwane seWWF, uNicholas Wilkinson, umzingeli uChong ovela esizweni sakithi sakwaKathu, umzila wamagazi usuka nje ngokungathi uqhamuka endlovu elimele.

Ukugatsha amagatsha ehlathini lemvula ngokuvamile akunconywa. Ngokuvamile zimbozwa ngemisele, i-villi ebabayo, izintuthwane ezigwazayo, noma izibungu ezivuthayo. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngivela egatsheni, kwavela i-emerald keffiyeh ehlombe lami - inyoka enhle kodwa enobuthi kakhulu. Bengicabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kumafilimu amageyimu amabi. Ama-keffiyeh, nokho, aba nobungane, sathatha izithombe zememori futhi sahlukana ngaphandle kwecala.

Ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha ukukhuphuka ngezinga eliphansi, isigodi esisuka kulo umgwaqo sisabonakala. Bahlele ukuhamba izolo, kepha kwaqala ukuduma kwezulu, imigwaqo yakuleli dolobha yaphenduka imichilo yedaka, futhi kwakwethusa ukucabanga ukuthi kwenzekani emthambekeni. Futhi namuhla ilanga liyacwebezela, yize lisacolile ngokwamazinga endawo, ama-degree angama-30. Noma kunjalo, ngisho ne-songwy Chong encane, ebikhuphuka kulezi zintaba impilo yayo yonke futhi imilenze yayo, enjengebhola lebhola lombhoxo, inzima ukuyiphakamisa. Sigxojwe izithukuthuku negazi, sikhuphuka kule ndawo ebunjiwe, lapho indlela ihlangana khona amakhilomitha ambalwa, okukhona kuwo uthango olubanzi. Zonke izinyathelo eziyi-10, kusala igebe kuyo, lapho kufakwa khona isicupho - uthango lwentambo oluboshwe esihlahleni esigoqiwe. Noma yisiphi isilwane esikhudlwana kunegundane esazama ukudlula kula “masango” siyomiswa umlenze noma intamo. Amahliki woboya, amathambo, izimpaphe zegalon pheasants ezingafani zihlakazekile kanye uthango. E-trail kunendlu yokuzingela - i-canopy embozwe ngamaqabunga. Izikhumba zezilwane ezibulewe abazingeli zinamathiselwe ophahleni lwendlu: izinyamazane ezincane, izingulube zasendle, izinkawu ze-langur. Izindawo zasemakhaya zihlobisa amaqoqo anjalo wezikhumba. Empeleni, konke kwaqala ngabo.

Izingodo ze-Wire zaba ithuluzi eliyinhloko labazingeli hhayi esikhathini esedlule: e-Afrika - ngawo-1950s, eRussia - ngawo-1960s, e-India - ngawo-1980s. Baholela ekuqothulweni ngokushesha kwezilwane ezinkulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nama-loops: umzingeli angabeka izihibe eziyikhulu ngosuku, izindleko zazo azibalulekile, futhi ukuthola izingodo zomunye umuntu akulula. EGhana, ama- $ 300,000 asetshenziselwe ukuvikela indawo encane aholele ekunciphiseni kwe-15% kwinani lama-loops. EVietnam, izihibe zitholakala njengokuphonswa kwetshe kusuka emahhovisi amapaki ezwe. Akukona ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugweba ababambiwe abazingeli. ESiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, izihibe zivame kakhulu kangangokuba intambo yepulasitiki emincane embozwe ngeplastiki ibizwa nge- “loop”. Iningi labaphangi lifa ngeze. Izilwane ezibunjiweyo zivame ukubola ngaphambi kokufika komzingeli. Abanye baphula izintambo bese befa kabuhlungu: i-loop iqinisa kancane emlenzeni noma entanyeni. Mhlawumbe kungekudala amahlathi amaRussia ayobe engenalutho njengaseVietnam.

Isilo soMoya

Eminyakeni yokuqala yo-1990, izazi zezilwane ezazihlola izintaba zase-Anamn emngceleni weVietnam neLaos zakhomba ukuqoqwa kwezigebenga ezindlini zabazingeli. Izizwe zasezintabeni kudala zazingela, ngakho izilwane lapha zinakekela kakhulu futhi akulula ukubona. Kepha vele uhambe edolobhaneni, futhi ngokushesha kuyacaca noma ngubani otholakala emahlathini aseduze.

Kokunye kososayensi kulindelwe isimanga. Endaweni yokuhloniphisa kwalengiswa ugodo okwakungelona lwesilwane esaziwayo. Ifana nolaka lwe-buffalo emfushane yase-Anoa yaseSulawesi Island, kodwa enezimpondo ezifana ne-African Oryx antelope. Abantu bendawo babiza isilo esiyimfihlakalo "Saola". Njengomphumela weminyaka eminingi yocwaningo, izazi zezilwane zikwazile ukuthwebula i-saola ngekhamera ezenzakalelayo futhi yafunda okuthile ngempilo yayo, kepha kuze kube manje akekho noyedwa kubo okwazile ukubona lesi silwane (noma ngisho neminonjana yaso) ngokwemvelo.

USaola cishe wayeyisilwane sokugcina esikhulu somhlaba esingaziwa isayensi. Kusukela kwatholakala, izinhlobo ezintsha zoxhaphozi abancane be-muntzhak, unogwaja onemigqa, kanye "ne-rat whitewash", ezazithathwa njengeziqothulile izigidi zeminyaka edlule, zitholakala ezintabeni ze-Annam, kepha lezi yizilwane ezincane, kanti i-saola icishe ilingane nethole elinonyaka owodwa. Futhi ngemuva nje kokutholwa, kwacaca ukuthi uSaola wayesezoshabalala ebusweni bomhlaba.

I-Fauna engasatholakali

Sokwehla egedeni siya esigodini esincane. Ukwehla komhlaba kunjengokukhuphuka. Umthambeka ugcwele izintende zezandla eziwugqinsi. Amacembe awo ahlala ngezinsimbi, agobekile njengezingwegwe zokudoba: uma ubathola, behamba bebumba, baklebhula izingcezu zezingubo noma zesikhumba. Kusihlwa kuphela lapho singena khona emfudlaneni - indawo emincane ethafeni elingangeneki, lapha nalaphaya elivinjelwe ukuqhuma kwezingodo. Amanzi akulo ayanambitheka, futhi emuva komhlaba ngaphansi kwezimpophoma kufana namachibi okubhukuda amancane. Emahoreni angama-14 sihambe amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa, singakaze sihlangane nengxenye yesicaba esikhulu ngokwanele ukuba singamanga ngokuphelele. Awekho amandla okucindezela - silala emadwaleni esiteshini, sizama ukungacabangi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma ukuduma kwezulu kuqala futhi ebusuku.

Ngakusasa ekuseni sehlela umfula sisiya emfuleni osheshayo weCh ChKe size sifinyelele phezulu. Ukuhamba ngomfula kulula futhi kumnandi: azikho izinti, amanzi apholile, yazi ukugxuma kusuka etsheni kuya etsheni. Kepha manje bese kuba nezimpophoma okufanele zikhuphuke, bese uthatha izikhwama zentambo ezintanjeni. Ngosuku, sesidlulile inqwaba yemigoqo enjalo yamanzi, sigibela emaphethelweni aphezulu futhi sibona izingodo zentambo eceleni komfula. Abazingeli beza lapha kanye ngesonto ukuzobheka izicupho. Ingxenye enkulu yenyama iyakwazi ukubola ngaphambi kokulethwa edolobheni. Futhi uma uthola ukuphanga okuningi, bavele bakulahle kude - hhayi ukukuthatha. Kodwa-ke, minyaka yonke lokhu kwenzeka kancane futhi kungaphansi: ihlathi alinalutho ngokushesha.

Akekho owake wazingela i-saola ngokuqondile. Izilwane ezazizingelwa inyama emnandi, ithambo elibalulekile, noma impahla yokwelapha - izindlovu, amahlosi, obhejane, izinkunzi zasendle, inyamazane enkulu, ama-pangolin, amabhere, ama-gibbons - anyamalale kulezi zingxenye emashumini eminyaka adlule. Isikhohlisi esisele sasinda ekuzingeleni kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule izinguquko ezibalulekile ezimbili ezenzeka empilweni yezizwe zasezintabeni. Okokuqala, izingodo zentambo zaqala ukwanda, ekuqaleni zivumela okungaphezulu kakhulu ukuthi kube nokumbiwa kunezihibe ezingokwesiko. Okwesibili, iVietnam yaqala ukukhula ngokushesha komnotho. Akazithintanga izizwe ezisezintabeni, kepha “i-Vietnamese entsha” - i-nouveau riche evela emadolobheni asezindaweni eziphansi - uku-oda inyama yenyani ezindaweni zokudlela kwaba yindlela edumile yokuziqhenya ngengcebo. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abazingeli bezintaba baqala ukuletha inyama hhayi eyamadolobhana abo, kodwa ngemakethe yedolobha engenamkhawulo. Ngengulube eyodwa yasendle, ungathola ama-dong wezigidi ezimbili - lokhu kungama- $ 100 - umlimi othola amasonto amabili. Umthengisi usevele uthengise ingulube endaweni yokudlela kathathu ebizayo.

Izilwane zasendaweni azikwazanga ukubekezelela ukucasulwa okunjalo kobungxowamali bemakethe. Ngokushesha, umdlalo wasatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseVietnam. Manje, abazingeli baseVietnam bangena amashumi amakhilomitha eLaos engumakhelwane futhi bacekele phansi amahlathi akhona. Izinto eziyinhloko zokuzingela manje yizinyamazane ezincane, izingulube zasendle, i-serow kanye nama-porcupines. USaola akavamile. Futhi emahlathini kukhona izihibe eziningi kakhulu kangangokuba kucishe kungenzeki ukusinda kwesilo esikhulu. Yize abazingeli besabona noma bethola i-saola njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezindawo ezimbalwa lapho imihlangano enjalo yenzeka khona. Isilo esingaqondakali singafa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Futhi izakhamuzi zalezi zindawo zikhuluma ngeSaola njengesipoki sasehlathini.

Indlela yokuphila

Cishe akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngokuziphatha kukaSaola ngenxa yokushoda ngokwedlulele kokutholakele kwayo. Ngokusobala, lezi zilwane zihamba zodwa noma ngababili. Ngo-1996, kutholakale owesifazane okhulelwe oshonile, okwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi inzalo yazalwa cishe ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Iminyaka yesilwane esifile yayiqikelelwa eminyakeni eyi-8-9, kepha kunzima ukwenza imicabango mayelana nesikhathi esiphelele se-saola. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zilwane ziyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini futhi zinamahloni ngokweqile.

Izinsongo

Kuze kube namuhla, izilwane eziyishumi nantathu zigcinelwe ekudingisweni. Ngamunye wabo waphila amasonto ambalwa nje. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uhulumeni waseVietnam ukhiphe ukuvinjwa kokubamba kanye nokugcina lezi zilwane. I-IUCN inikeza isimo “esisengozini enkulu” (Kusengozini enkulu) Kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani lezinhlobo liziqagela kakhulu, kodwa inani labo cishe alidluli abantu abangamakhulu ambalwa.

Umnotho

Ubudlelwano bemindeni yezinhlobo buhlala buyinto engxoxweni yesayensi. Ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifundwe ngogwayi, ekuqaleni bekucatshangwa ukuthi buyisihlobo nembuzi, ikakhulukazi neSeru. Une, njengoSaola, onesikhumba esikhethekile phambi kwamehlo akhe. Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA ngonyaka we-1999, le nhlobo yabelwa ezinhlamvwini ezingenamsoco, lapho kubonakala sengathi ayibukeki ekuqaleni. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luqinisekisile ubudlelwano obusondelene nama-canids, kepha akukacaci noma ngabe lolu hlobo lwenhlobo lwenkabi engaphansi kwezinkabi yini, noma ngabe luyitekisi likadadewabo.

Ukubukeka kukaSaola

Ubude bomzimba walesi silwane esingamhloniphi bukhula cishe ngamamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Ukuphakama kwe-saola kuze kufike kumasentimitha angama-90. Isisindo sesilwane esidala sisukela kumakhilogremu angama-90 kuye kwangama-100.

USaola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis).

Isidumbu salo mmeleli wenqamu yezinkabi simbozwe izinwele ezinsundu ngomthunzi woshokoledi. Izinwele futhi, zibushelelezi futhi, ngokumangazayo, zithambile kakhulu. Umsila wesilwane uhlotshiswe ngemivimbo emithathu: imhlophe, nsundu futhi imnyama.

Indawo yokuhlala yamaSaola.

USaola ungumnikazi wolimi olude, isisetshenziswa esinjalo senza ukuba sikwazi ukubamba ngokushesha izixha ezinkulu zotshani, kusheshise ukugcwaliswa komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi olude lusiza ekufinyeleleni amaqabunga amnandi emagatsheni aphezulu kunokukhula kwesilwane uqobo.

Ikhanda likaSaola lihlotshiswe ngophondo lwezimpondo. Zine-tint emnyama noma emnyama. Ubude bezimpondo ze-saola abudluli isigamu samamitha, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, lawo masayizi abonakala kwabesilisa nabesilisa.

I-Forest Ghost Gorge

Sifika emgodini wamanzi amade, sishayisana nomhume, umnyama njengomhume. Isikhathi eside sifuna ukuthi singazungeza kanjani, futhi sithola umkhondo wakudala wendlovu - izitebhisi ezibanzi ezinyathelwe ohlangothini lwentaba izizukulwane eziningi manje zeziqhwaga eziqothulwe manje. Ngokusho kukaChong, abazingeli akuvamile ukuthi babe ngaphezu komfula, ngoba ayikho indlela yokuletha inyama kusuka lapho kubathengisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukholelwa ukuthi ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ze-Ch'Ke imimoya emibi iphila, eshiye izindlela ezingaphansi komfula ngenxa yokuvela njalo kwabantu lapho abangabathandi ngempela. Kulapha lapho uChong abona khona i-saola kabili - iminyaka emithathu nesithupha edlule.

Sakha i-canopy emvuleni bese sipheka ilayisi emlilweni. UChong noNicholas bengeza kuye inyama yamasele abanjwe emfuleni. Kuzofanela ngilinganisele emcebeni welayisi kuphela. Sekuphele amasonto amabili angikudli ukudla kwezilwane: uma ulandela lo mthetho, uqala ukuhogela iphunga njenge-herbivore, futhi hhayi njengomhlaseli, ngakho-ke kulula ukufinyelela kubalingisi basendle. Ngokusho kwabangani bami, i-African Ranger, efakazelwe futhi ngokwami uqobo, le ndlela isebenza kahle. Mhlawumbe kuzosebenza manje, yize mancane kakhulu amathuba. Ukuphuma kwethu enhliziyweni yezintaba ze-Annam kungumzamo onamandla, acishe wehluleka.

Ukuqothulwa okungenakugwenywa kwezinhlangano ezizungezile zeSaola kuyethusa izinhlangano zezemvelo, kufaka phakathi iWWF. Ekuqaleni, akekho owacabanga ngobukhulu bokuzingela kwe "loop". Ochwepheshe beWWF bazame ukufundisa abahlali bezintaba "ukuphathwa kwemvelo okuzinzileyo" - abahlala ngokulingana nemvelo. Babeka amaphosta ekuvikelweni kwezilwane. Baqoqe izisayinisi zezakhamizi zakule ndawo ezethembise ukuthi azizingeli i-saola (okungekho noyedwa obeyizingela). Futhi ukusho ngokuzwakalayo ukuthi ukulingana nemvelo kungenzeka kuphela lapho kungekho ukukhula kwabantu kanye nokusetshenziswa, bekuthathwa njengokungalungile kwezepolitiki.

Ukuqonda kungene ngo-2010. EKat Thien National Park - ihlathi elivikeleke kakhulu eVietnam - abazingeli babulale laba bantu kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Asia obhejane. Kwacaca ukuthi izingqwembe nezinye izinkulumo-ze azisebenzi. Sidinga ama-patrols ahlome ngezibhamu zomshini. Sidinga uhlelo olukhulu ukuze sibhubhise izihibe ezibekwe ehlathini. Sidinga amajaji anekhono azonikeza iziboshwa ezibanjwe ngabazingeli nabathengisi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zihlobene nabaphi abaphathi. ECambodia elingumakhelwane, lapho izinga lenkohliso liphakeme kakhulu kunaseVietnam, ukulwa nokuzingela kuholele ekutheni konke ukuthengiswa kwemidlalo kwakusezandleni zemindeni ephezulu esezingeni eliphezulu ngakho-ke okungekho emthethweni. Kuthatha iminyaka eminingi yokuzikhandla nezindleko, ezingase zingakwazi ngisho nasenhlanganweni enkulu njenge-WWF. Yize kunjalo, i-WWF isebenza emazweni amaningi, futhi iningi lazo izinto, uma zingcono, hhayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke imali ihlala itholakala ngokushoda.

Ngemuva kwengxoxo enkulu, kwanqunywa ukuthi kwakhiwe okungenani indawo eyodwa eziNtabeni zase-Anamskie, lapho impi yokulwa nokuzingela izoveza kakhulu futhi amasosha amaningana azothola ithuba lokusinda. Kuyaqhubeka ukuthola indawo efanelekile: engafinyeleleki, enabantu abancane nehlathi elihle. Futhi okubaluleke, ngamasongo asindayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, sekusungulwe izilondolozi eziningana eVietnam naseLaos ukuvikela i-saola, kepha akekho owaziyo ukuthi ngabe i-saola isindile yini lapho.

Emsebenzini

Kusuka ekamu lethu emifushane yama-gleams ambalwa. Ihlathi elihle elihle elinazo izihlahla eziningi ezindala likhula zizungeze - okubizwa ngokuthi okuyinhloko, okungakaze kunqunywe. Kungamahlathi la lapho kuhlala khona uSaola.Kunedlanzana lamahlathi aphansi e-Indochina, ngoba amadolobhana amahlathi asuka ezindaweni ngezindawo njalo ngeminyaka eyi-10: 10: inhlabathi incishisiwe endaweni eyodwa, enye kumele ichithwe. Manje la mahlathi anyamalala ngokushesha, ngoba isihlahla esisodwa esikhulu singabiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi emakethe yamapulangwe. Kepha isigodi se-Ch'Ke asifinyeleleki kakhulu ngezinkuni, futhi emithambekeni lapha kunethambeka kakhulu kwezolimo. Ngezinye izikhathi ziba nzima futhi impela ehlathini: sivame ukuthola imichilo ye-bamboo engenakubekeka ezindaweni zokuncibilika kwamuva komhlaba. Kungenzeka ukukhuphuka ikhilomitha ngempoqo, bese kuthi cishe izindonga zibheke phezulu.

Izilwane ezinkulu - izilwane zinama-squirrels noma izinyoni ezingaphezu kwe-thrush - futhi zimbalwa kakhulu. Kepha udrako ngamunye, utshani noma i-toad ayinqayizivele futhi muhle kangangokuba ngifuna ukuguqa phambi kwabo ngithathe izithombe kuze kube yilapho imemori esekhamera isiphela. Ubusuku obukhona lapha buyimilingo: bugcwele imisindo yezikhova, amakhethini namaxoxo, ihlathi linemibala efana nokukhanyisa kwemikhosi, amakhowe abolile, amakhowe nezibungu. Izinkulungwane zezicishamlilo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene zindiza emoyeni, futhi emifudlaneni ziqoqana kubabeki bebala lonke futhi zinqwabelana ekushayweni.

Usuku lwami lokusebenza luqala amahora amabili ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga: Kufanele ngikhwele komunye wemifudlana futhi ngithole indawo lapho imizila yezilwane ihlela emanzini, noma imifudlana emibili ihlangana, noma ugu oluhlanzwa yisifundo lubukeka sengathi izilwane kwesinye isikhathi ziyakhotha usawoti ophuma kubumba. Lapho ngihlala ngingashukumi ubusuku nemini, ngilinde isilwane ukuba sidlule. Izinsuku ezine, "ukubamba" kuncane: izingulube zasendle, inyamazane encane - i-mantzhak emnyama, umhlambi wezinkawu zama-dukov kanye ne-squirrel endizayo edlula emfuleni. Ngiyakwazi ukubona impilo eningi ethokozisayo evela kumvemvane, izinyoni nezinyoka, kepha angikho lapha. Okwamanje, inyanga iyancipha, usuku ngalunye oludlulayo lukhuphuka kamuva, futhi ingxenye yokuqala yobusuku manje imnyama kakhulu ukuba ibone lutho ngaphandle kwethoshi. Ngaleso sikhathi, uNicholas noChong bahlasela imithambeka usuku nosuku. Bathola iminonjana ye-antelopes serow, ama-muntzhak amnyama nabomvu nezingulube zasendle, kepha akukho zimpawu zokuba khona kwama-saols. Futhi akukho mkhondo (indlela okufanele abukeke ngayo, owaziwa ngokuvela kukakhokho wama-saol abanjelwe emalungeni), noma ukunitha amahlumela esitshalo okushoyo, ngokusho kwabazingeli, i-saola ithanda ikakhulukazi. Kusele isikhathi esincane. Ukuphela kwento esingayenza ukulala okuncane futhi sigijime okuningi ezintabeni. Bayakwazi ukulala amahora amathathu kuya amane ngosuku. Kuyaqabukela sibuyele ekamu, silele kahle bese siqala ehlathini. Ngokufanayo, siphelelwa ilayisi.

Ihlathi lamathuba okugcina

Iminyaka emihlanu, uNicholas ubelokhu ehlola i-Air River Basin, lapho uChTKe egeleza khona. Ngale minyaka emihlanu, wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kulapha lapho iningi labangcwele lasinda khona. Cishe iminyaka engama-20 edlule, abazingeli bakwaKathu babehlangana nabo njalo. Indoda endala ehlonishwayo ihlonze iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 impilo yayo ende. Izikhuni eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuhlobisa zihlobise indlu yakhe - okudlula yonke iminyuziyamu yomhlaba ihlangene. Mangaki ama-saols asele emhlabeni, akekho owaziyo, mhlawumbe angaphansi kwekhulu.

UNicholas ucele iWWF ukuthi yakhe indalo evikelwe ngokukhethekile endaweni. Ngokwecebo elithuthukisiwe, lo reservation uzobe uzungezwe indawo yomngcwabo, ongabhejwa kuphela yizakhamizi zasemizaneni engomakhelwane - bona uqobo bavikele umhlaba wabo kubaphangi bamanye amazwe abaqashwe ngabathengisi. Kukhona idolobhana elilodwa ngaphakathi kwaleli gadi, futhi bonke abazingeli balo bahlelelwe ukuqashwa ngabazingeli. Kufanele basuse ihlathi lezingodo, okukhona kulo izinkulungwane kulo. I-WWF ihlose ukusebenzisa imali enkulu ekulweni nokuzingela - izoba ihlathi elivikelwe kakhulu eSoutheast Asia. Muva nje, uhulumeni waseVietnam umemezele ngokusemthethweni ukuthi kuzosungulwa indawo yokugcina imvelo ebizwa ngokuthi yiKuang Nam. Manje konke kumayelana nabancane - udinga ukufakazela ukuthi kukhona amasoses, futhi uthole imali yeWWF yokuvikela. Kepha kuze kube manje, uNicholas akazange aphumelele: noma amakhamera azenzakalelayo, noma asesha umkhondo, noma ukuseshwa kwabazingeli baboshiwe akuzange kube nemiphumela. Abazingeli bathi kwesinye isikhathi basabona i-saol, kepha izindaba zabo zingubufakazi obunokwethenjelwa. Futhi ngeke ulahlekelwe yisikhathi: ukuwela ngakunye kwe-loola kaSaola kungaba okokugcina.

Ngakho-ke, uNicholas wangimema eVietnam. Ngezinye izikhathi ngiba nenhlanhla yokuthola izilwane nezinyoni ezingatheni kakhulu: ngokwesibonelo, bengingowokuqala ukufaka isithombe sekati legolide laseKalimantan kanye nohlobo olukhulu lwendalo emvelweni, okuwukuphela komuntu wemvelo ukubona unogwaja onemigqa kanye nogrwele omkhulu owindizayo ephila. Sobabili sasiqonda ukuthi kwakungekho cishe amathuba: ngenxa yobunzima bokuthola izimvume nokufika emaphethelweni aphezulu emifula lapho ihlathi eliyinhloko laligcinwe khona, sasizoba nesonto kuphela ukubheka, futhi bekuzoba mnene ukulindela ukuthola isilo esiyimfihlakalo kunazo zonke zomhlaba kuleso sikhathi esifushane kangaka. ekhuluma ngokuziqhenya.

Maye, asikwazanga ukuza nokuthile okungcono: futhi bheka, ngihleli edwaleni phansi kwedwala, umfudlana opholile ukitaza izithende zakhe, ukugqwala kwemvula emaqabungeni nomthunzi othambile opinki wengezwe ekukhanyisweni kwenyanga - ekuseni wosuku lwesihlanu lokucinga okungenathemba.

I-Cuckoo cuckoo nestling emgodini wezinyoni

Ubugebengu ngaphandle kwesijeziso

Abazingeli emazweni ase-Asia, okokuqala, bangabazingeli abavela emahlathini nasezintabeni. Phambilini, babezingela imindeni yabo kanye nabantu ababehlala nabo, kwathi lapho beqala umnotho wezimakethe baqala ukuthengisa ingxenye yalo mkhiqizo. Abathengisi babakhokhela ngokunganakwa, kuthi uma beboshwa baqonde ejele. Kepha ukubabamba akulula: bayalazi ihlathi njengemuva lesandla sabo, futhi abantu abangamadlelane abo bayabasiza.

Okwesibili, lezi yizakhamizi ezivela emndenini. Iqembu ngalinye elinjalo empeleni liyiqembu lobugebengu: abanye abantu bayazingela, abanye bayathengisela noma badayise izindawo zokudlela, futhi othile ungena emaphoyiseni noma kubaphathi besifundazwe futhi ahlinzeke “ophahleni”. Uma kuboshwa, abazingeli abanjalo bavame ukuba nezihlobo phakathi kwabaphathi noma "imizimba" yabo. Abantu bendawo bayabazonda.

Okwesithathu, laba ongoti ababamba izinhlobo ezingandile kakhulu ezithengiselwa abaqoqi abazimele. Imvamisa laba ngabantu abafunda ngemfundo yezilwane abavela emazweni angaphambili enhlalo yomphakathi. Imvamisa banezitifiketi ezinezimpawu zokubaluleka “komsebenzi wabo wesayensi”, kepha abanazo izimvume ezivela kubaphathi bezemvelo bendawo. Uma kwenzeka kuboshwa, amanxusa angenelele kuwo, futhi izintatheli zihlela imikhankaso yabezindaba ngesihloko esithi "ososayensi bethukile."

Umkhondo wethemba

Ukugqwala okuzwakalayo okungekho ngaphesheya kolwandle kungadonsela ukunaka kwami. Kungemva kwengxenye yehora kuphela lapho ngikwazi khona ukuqonda ku-plexus enkulu ye-bamboo, i-rattan ne-kirkazon isilwane esincane somculi, ngokufana ne-hedgehogs. Ngimlandela isikhashana aze anyamalale ekuboneni - futhi ngasikhathi sinyekile ukugqwala. Mhlawumbe kukhona umgodi wakhe? Ngisuka emthambekeni, angikwazi ukuwela umfudlana emilenzeni yami ebunjiwe futhi ngisakaze imifudlana. Ngaphambi kwami kunengxenyekazi eyisicaba ezimpandeni zomuthi wesundu omude, oboshwe ngamantongomane esundu. Cishe bonke sekuyisikhathi eside balunywa ngamagundane, kepha ngikwenza ngomshini ngibheke emhlabathini ukuthola umkhondo. Akukho lutho ngaphandle kwama-prints amancane wegundwane nemilenze yehubo. Ngaphambi kokuhamba, ngicindezela eceleni kweqabunga likabhanana wasendle - futhi ngibona odongeni izindwani zezinyawo ezimbili ezihlukile. Awubukeki obukhulu njengoweseli, hhayi njengobulukhuni benhliziyo njengolwezinyamazane, izinselo ze-saola, okuthi, uma udlula emfuleni, ume nemilenze yangaphambili ogwini ukuze ihlwithe ukusakazwa kwamantongomane futhi mhlawumbe idle okuncane.

Ngifaka ibhethri elivela kuthoshi eduze kwesikali bese ngithatha izithombe zazo - iminonjana engabonwa endle nganoma yisiphi isazi sezilwane. Ngibadweba kubhukwana - isithombe sidlulisela imininingwane ye-trace kangcono kunanoma yisiphi isithombe. Ngemuva kwalokho nginqume amantongomane aphuthelwa amagundane bese ngiwasha ngamanzi avela emfuleni. Lesi yisikhathi sami seholide. Umsebenzi wami usuqedile.

“Saola,” kusho uChong, ebona izinyawo. Njengabo bonke abazingeli abalungile, uyi-laconic. Mina noNicholas sisetshenziselwa iqiniso lokuthi kungcono ukuthula ethunzini, ngakho-ke asikaze sikhulume ubusuku obunye sichithwe endaweni yokuqamekela endaweni efanayo ngethemba lokuhlangana "nomlobi" wamathrekhi. USaola akakaze abonakale, kodwa sabona i-macaque efana ne-bear efana ne-goblin kanye nentokazi eyindilinga emincane engaxutshwe nhlobo.

Kungenzeka…

Olunye usuku luqhubeka ngamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ezansi kweCh ChKe, kuya kanye edolobhaneni lomoya, okuwukuphela kwalo ngaphakathi kwesigcino. Umuzi usanda kuthuthela endaweni entsha, ngakho-ke kuhlanzeke kakhulu lapho, indawo ephakathi kwezindlu iyakhukishwa, izitebhisi eziya emfuleni, lapho zithatha khona amanzi nokuwasha izingubo, zinqunywe ngobumba ngobumba. ILong House, indawo yokubuthana yendabuko yawo wonke umphakathi wasemakhaya, ayikakhiwa, futhi wonke amadoda angu-16 amadolobhana ahlangana kwaSeng. Ngenkathi ngibheka i-saol elenga odongeni lukakhanda, uSeng uhlola izithombe nemidwebo yezimpawu zokutholwa esisitholile. Uchaza ngokuningiliziwe kwabanye abazingeli ukuthi iminonjana ye-saola ihluke kanjani kulayini be-serow ne-zambar deer. UZambara kulezi zintaba wachithwa eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, ngakho-ke cishe akekho umuntu ngaphandle kukaSeng okhumbula ukuthi amathrekhi awo abukeka kanjani. Ngemuva kwalokho uNicholas ukhuluma ngoshintsho oluzayo isikhathi eside.

Ngakusasa ekuseni, ngishiya uNicholas noChong emoyeni, ngihamba ngendlela eya komgwaqo omkhulu. Ukuhamba nge-10 km, ngakho konke ukukhuphuka, izisekelo namazibuko akusigamu sosuku. Kusihlwa ngizoba nesikhathi sokugibela isithuthuthu ngiye edolobheni lasePrao futhi ukusuka lapho ngiye olwandle, ngiye edolobheni elikhulu laseDanang. Endleleni, ngicabanga nangezinguquko ezizayo. Ngabe i-WWF izokwazi ukunqoba ukuzingela, ibuyisele inani lezilwane, iphinde ilethe izinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe lapha?

Impela, ngizozama ukubuyela esigodini se-Ch'Ke. Zizoba njani lezi zindawo? Mhlawumbe ngizobona izindlela ezintsha zendlovu emithambekeni, izinqola ezinkulu ezimnyama zama-gaurs asemifuleni yezikhukhula, amachibi aluhlaza okotshani, ibhere laseMalay esihlahleni esidala se-banyan esihlalwa yizinyosi. Ngizwa imisindo yezinyoni zobhejane phezu kwezintaba, ukukhala okubukhali kwengwe ye-zambar ehogela ihlosi, izingoma zokusa zamalambu emiqheleni, ukuqhuma kwe-painolin engena phakathi kwama-ferns anjengesihlahla. Noma kunjalo, ngizohlangana ogwini olungasempumalanga lomfula isaloni enhle enezimpondo ezinde, isiphongo sehlathi, isilwane sokugcina esingakaze sibe khona.

Imifanekiso yeValentine Weaver

I-Photo AP / I-NEW News, I-VLADIMIR DINETS (7) I-SHUTTERSTOCK (2)

Ahlala kuphi ama-saols?

Abamele le nhlobo batholakala eVietnam naseLaos. Bahlala emahlathini omanzi aseziNtabeni ze-Annam, futhi bakhethe namahlathi amakhulu okuhlala engxenyeni eseMpumalanga ye-Indochina.

USaola ungowokuhlala emahlathini ase-Indochina.

Kwesinye isikhathi amadlelo abo atholakala eduzane nezigodi zemifula, ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1800 ngaphezu kolwandle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zilwane ezingamhloniphi zinamathela ngaphandle kwamahlathi futhi azijuli. Imvamisa, amahlathi asezintabeni adonsela i-saol ngenkathi yezimvula, ngalesi sikhathi imifula nemifudlana idla amanzi. Ngokuqala kobusika, amaSaols ehla futhi aphansi kanti ezinyangeni zasebusika ahlala phansi kwezintaba.

Ngokwemvelo yazo, izidumbu ziyizilwane ezinamahloni kakhulu. Ngeke ziphinde zitholakale eduze kwabantu. Lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo aziveli emasimini alinywe ngabantu.

USaola wachazwa okokuqala ngo-1993.

Ukudla kwama-saols kuqukethe amahlamvu: lokhu kungaba amaqabunga emithi yomkhiwane, kanye namahlumela awo amancane. Kunobufakazi bokuthi lezi zilwane zidla amaqabunga e-fern nezinye izihlahlana ezibanzi ezibanzi.

Ama-Saule angesinye salezo zilwane isayensi esazi okuncane kakhulu ngaso, ngokwesizathu sokuphila okucashile nomoya onamahloni. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi izazi zezilwane zingakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ngisho nesikhathi sempilo salaba bantu abangatheni. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ama-saols aphila iminyaka eyi-8 - 9.

Amachibi ayizilwane ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.