Ukuzalelwa kwamadada asendle iKrokhal isasazeke eRussia naseCIS. Ubukhulu obukhulu, isisindo esifanelekile nombala ogqamile wabantu ngamunye uheha abazingeli bezifunda ze-Altai Territory, i-Urals, Chita ne-Irkutsk. Lezi zinyoni zasendle ezikhethekile zithuthela emazweni afudumele ebusika; ngezikhathi ezithile ungazibona oLwandle i-Azov. Yini edume kangaka ngabamele bendawo ephakathi yezwekazi lase-Yurobhu futhi kungani ezinye izingxhaso ziqale ukungena kwiRed Book?
Duck Merganser
Incazelo Nezici
Kukhona iningi labamele abazalanayo, ama-mergansers ahlukene ahlala ngobukhulu bamazwe amaningi. Izici zokuhlanganisa yizimpawu zemvelo, umlutha wokudla, uhlobo lokuziphatha nendlela yokuphila. Izici ezijwayelekile zokwakheka ku-waterfowl ziyaqokonyiswa:
- uqhwaku olude, usayizi walo olwedlula isilinganiso phakathi kwezihlobo - kufika kuma-50 cm.Kuma-mergansers amaningi, sinesimo sobude be-cylindrical, esifakwe isipikili esinjenge-hook ekugcineni,
- Intamo ende,
- ekhanda ezinweleni, eyakheke ngendlela ekhethekile,
- ukwakheka komzimba
- amaphiko akhombe
- umsila omfishane oyindilinga,
- imilenze emifushane, uzwane lwasemuva oluxhunywe kulwelwesi olubanzi olunesikhumba.
Ubukhulu bedada buyehluka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo zabantu obukhulu bawo obungewona ngaphezu kwama-0.7 kg, kepha ama-mergansers avame ukuqhathaniswa namahansi amancane, anesisindo esingama-1.5-2 kg. Ubukhulu obukhulu buheha abazingeli begeyimu abadoba ngaseceleni kwemifula. Izimpiko zabanye abantu zifinyelela kumitha, ubude besiqu bungama-60-65 cm.
Ukwakheka komlomo wezinyoni zezinhlobo ezihlukile kuhlukile. I-Merganser, ekudleni okudla kakhulu okuyisitshalo, inamapuleti akhethekile ahlunga ukudla. Izinhlobo zamadada ezidla njalo ezinhlanzini zifakwe amapuleti aguquliwe emazinyweni amancanyana emaphethelweni oqhwaku lokubamba, ukusika inyamazane.
Isici esiphawuleka sezinyoni okuthiwa "isibuko" - ibala elimhlophe ephikweni ngalinye ledada. Endizeni yomoya, ibonakala kahle ngemuva kwesizinda sempunga. UBeak weMergansers ubomvu okhanyayo. Umbala osebenzayo we-plumage ufinyelela ukuvezwa kwawo okukhulu kakhulu entwasahlobo, ngokuqala kwesizini yokuvuthwa.
Ikhanda le-maleganser yeduna liba mnyama emnyama, ingaphezulu lentamo limakwe ngotshani ohlaza okotshani. Ingemuva kusuka entanyeni kuya emsileni ishintsha umbala omnyama ube ngumthunzi olula onsundu. Ingxenye engezansi yedada imhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ine-pinkish tinge.
I-femgganser yowesifazane ihluke kancane kusuka kudringi ngombala we-plumage, ungabona umthunzi obomvu onsundu wentamo, emuva kwephimbo elikhanyayo. Ehlobo nasekwindla, ukugqama kwemibala engutsheni yamadada kuyanyamalala, iplamu liba buthuntu, lingashintshi, lihambisane nenkathi yemvula nebandayo.
Ama-Mergansers ngokuvamile agcinwa ngababili, ahlanganiswe ngamaqembu amancane. Ngobusika kuphela lapho imihlambi eminingi yenziwa, kufaka phakathi izinkulungwane zezinyoni. Isikhathi esibandayo izinyoni zichitha kuya ngesimo sezulu.
Zihlala phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika ezifundeni ezinamanzi angenawo amaqhwa, zifudukela emazweni afudumele, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zenzeka ogwini loLwandle lwase-Azov. Ukuze usinde, zingqongqiswa ngemihlambi emikhulu. Abakwa Mergansers bazulazula emhlabeni ngendlela ejwayelekile “yedada”, besuka kolunye uhlangothi baye kolunye. Emanzini nasekundizeni, bayazethemba futhi bakhululekile, ukubhukuda okuhle neziqhumane.
Izici kanye nendawo yokuhlala duck merganser
I-Merganser – idada, ujabule futhi ujwayelekile kuwo wonke umzingeli waseYurophu. Use isithombe merganser uvame ukubukeka edangele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyoni iyi-diver enhle kakhulu, iyathanda ukutshuza futhi ikwenza njalo, ukuya kumamitha ayi-2 kuya kwayi-4, kungakhathalekile ukuthi i-merganser idinga inhlanzi okwamanje noma cha.
Izici zalawa madada zifaka uqhwaku - olude, luqhakazile, luyindilinga, lugoba kancane luqonde emaphethelweni futhi luhlotshiswe ngamazinyo abukhali emaphethelweni angaphakathi, esiza izinyoni ukudoba.
Zibuye zibe nomzimba ophakathi nendawo, ngokwesilinganiso kufika ku-57-59 cm ubude nentamo ende. Amaphiko walezi amadada angafinyelela ku-70-88 cm, futhi isisindo sawo sisuka ku-1200 kuya ku-2480 amagremu, okwenza izinyoni zaba ngenye yezinto ezidumile kakhulu ekuzingeleni.
Ngokuqondene nombala weplamu, izinsikazi, njengazo zonke ezinye izinyoni, zincanyana futhi zinezimbotshana, zingwevu ngokungabonakali amabala ansundu. Kepha amadrikhi ahlukile, akhombisa ubumnandi obukhazimulayo bezimpaphe ekhanda, okhakhayini omnyama, imivimbo emhlophe ngamaphiko nomthunzi omnyama onsundu wezimpaphe ngemuva, kwezinye izinhlobo kukhona nomphimbo omhlophe nomphimbo.
Izinyoni ezinjalo, ngisho nokuntywila njalo, kunzima ukungaphuthelwa phezu kwamanzi. Phila amadada abhongile, ikakhulukazi kumachibi anamanzi acwebile, lapho iningi lawo lenziwa khona Izithombe, kodwa futhi hhayi ukuthi kuyaphikisana nokuxazulula emfuleni onamandla amancane, futhi abanye bazinza ngokuthula emikhondweni yasolwandle, uma bengenawo amaza anamandla.
Ungahlangana nale nyoni kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, kunoma iyiphi i-hemisphere kanye nesimo sezulu, nakwamanye amazwe, ngokwesibonelo, eJapan, ukuzingela kwe-merganser kuvinjelwe kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi izinyoni ngokwazo zivikelwe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqashelwa komhlaba wonke ngamanani awo amancane.
Character nendlela yokuphila duck merganser
I-Merganser – inyoni ukufuduka, izidleke zalawa madada zimboza zonke izindawo zamahlathi ngemifula namachibi asemgqeni ophakathi nendawo. Kusukela eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuze kube sekupheleni kweHimalaya naseMpumalanga Ekude, futhi lapha bahlala khona ubusika ogwini lwe-Atlantic, uLwandlekazi iPacific, eningizimu yeChina, ogwini loLwandle iMedithera, noma kuphi lapho kukhona ukushisa nalapho kunenhlanzi khona.
Entwasahlobo, izinyoni ezindiza phakathi kokuqala, ngokoqobo ngokushesha, ngokushesha lapho ifomu lezibungu, okungukuthi, ukusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngokuqondene nohlobo lwezinyoni, zingathi sína, amadada omndeni, akwaziyo ukuxosha umhlaseli ongeyena omkhulu kangako onqume ukudla amaqanda awo noma amaphuphu amancane. Ukuhamba kwe-Autumn kokuqala ubusika kuqale sekwephuzile, kanye nokubandwa kwamanzi, okusho ukuthi, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba.
Duck Merganser
I-Merganser - idada lidla izilwane kuphela, liphila kulokho elizitholela lona ekudobeni. Ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kususelwa ezinhlanzini, futhi zikwazi ukubhekana kalula nezinhlanzi ubude be-17-20 cm.
Amadada futhi awalokothi anganaki ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans kanye nezinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwalezi zinyoni, ngesikhathi sokuma, kaningi ungakubona ukudoba kwabo ngokuhlangene.
Umbukiso umxhwele impela - umhlambi, ohlanganiswe ezikoleni ezahlukahlukene zamadada angamakhulu, ubhukuda njengeqembu elihamba ngezinyawo ngasikhathi sinye, futhi, ngokuzumayo, zonke izinyoni ziyagobhoza ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi ngalesosikhathi izinyoni zasolwandle zazizungeza esibhakabhakeni, kungathi ukuxhaswa okuvela emoyeni futhi zibambe izinhlanzi ngokushesha ebusweni, ezazethusa amadada.
Izinhlobo zedada Merganser
Kwakukhona ezinye izinkinga ngokuhlukaniswa kwalawa madada ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kanti izinhlobo ezimbili, iLotot ne-American Crested, zabelwa eminye imindeni. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlotsheni eziyisikhombisa ze-merganser, zisihlanu kuphela ezasala, enye yazo - i-Auckland - akukaze kuhlangatshezwane nayo kusukela ngo-1902 futhi kubhekwe ukuthi inyamalale ngokusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezine kuphela ezisele. merganseraqoshwe kuyo Incwadi ebomvu.
- I-Merganser
Lokhu kungummeleli omkhulu walawa amadada, afana ne-goose encane. AmaDrake anemibala egqamile, futhi ayaphoqwa amabele amhlophe qhwa kanye nomsila. Indawo yokwakha izidleke ihlanganisa yonke imicu ephakathi, esempumalanga nasentshonalanga, izinyoni zasebusika ezindaweni eziseningizimu, kodwa kwezinye izindawo zaseCentral Asia, emachibi wezintaba eziseHimalayan nasezindaweni zamachibi aseCalifornia, abahlengi abakhulu bahlala, hhayi ukundiza.
Izithombe ezinkulu merganser
- IScaly Merganser
Lesi yizinhlobo ezindala kakhulu nezihle kakhulu zomndeni wonke walawa madada. Ingxenye ye-tola yakhe ifana nomdwebo weleyisi ophundayo, noma izikali. Kungenxa yalesi sici sokubukeka lapho idada lithola igama laso.
Amadoda amahle la ahlala e-East kuphela, izidleke zenzeka e-Far East eRussia nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho ne-China, enyakatho neJapan, kanti ziyandiza ziye ebusika emanzini afudumele aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ukushibilika okusheshayo nokuqashile kuzo zonke izixuku zabantu be-mergansers. Ukwehla kwenani lalezi zinyoni kwenzeka ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuphula umthetho wemvelo neminye imisebenzi yabantu.
Idada elifakwe isithombe yi-scaly merganser
- I-merganser ende-enekiwe
Noma, ngokwesilinganiso merganser. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezidumile zalawa madada. Le nyoni imaphakathi ngempela, isisindo sayo cishe singamakhilogremu elilodwa nesigamu, futhi ubude buyehluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-48-58. Kepha amakhethini ala madada anokuningi - 18-20, ngokungafani ne-merganser enkulu, enamazinyo ayi-12-16 kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uqhwaku lwe-merganser esejwayelekile lude.
Esizeni esidlekayo salezi zinyoni zingatholakala kuyo yonke indawo, kusukela e-tundra kuya endaweni eyihlathi, lapho kuzoba khona ama-hemispheres womabili. Ngokweqile, bandizela ezindlini ezifudumele ezisenyakatho nezifunda, kodwa emaphethelweni ezinqolobane eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kufaka iGreat Britain, bahlala unyaka wonke, bahlala.
Ngenkathi abaculi beNkathi Ephakathi, nenkathi eyalandela, ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-19, babonisa izigcawu zokuzingela amadada - lezi kwakuyizindawo zokuzingela ngokuqondile kwabahlanganisi abade. Namuhla awukwazi ukuzingela lezi zinyoni.
I-Merganser emide enama-Chick
- I-Brazil Merganser
Izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu nezingandile. Ihlala kuphela e-Western Hemisphere, uma ifiswa futhi ibekezelela la madada angabonakala emizimbeni yamanzi eParaguay, eBrazil naseArgentina.
Ngokwazi kwe-ornithologists, inani labantu alinakudlula izinyoni ezingama-300-350, ezingama-250 zazo zinamaphiko, futhi ezingama-200 zihlala unomphela esigodlweni esikhulu saseSierra da Canastra eBrazil. Ukulawulwa kwenombolo nempilo yalawa madada kuye kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-2013.
Okuncane kunazo zonke i-mergansers - isisindo sezinyoni kusuka ku-550 kuya ku-700 amagremu, ubude buhambelana nesisindo. Ngaphezu kosayizi, le nhlobo ihlukaniswa uthando lokuhamba emhlabeni, la madada ahlala ngababili, futhi akhetha ukuhlala esidlekeni esibanzi sezihlahla ezinde. Kodwa-ke, bondla ngendlela efanayo nezihlobo zabo, kuphela ukuthi bazithola bedoba.
Esithombeni, inyoni yaseBrazil ye-merganser
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Merganser duck
I-duck yasendle enhle i-Merganser ayaziwa kuphela ngamapheya ayo aqhakazile futhi angajwayelekile, kodwa futhi ngosayizi wayo omuhle. Isisindo salezi zinyoni singafinyelela amakhilogremu amabili. Isisindo esisebenza kakhulu senzeka ekwindla. Ama-Mergansers ayizinyoni ezifudukayo. Ebusika, bakhetha ukuthuthela emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi sobusika babonwa eKamchatka, ePrimorye nangasogwini loLwandle i-Azov.
Ividiyo: Duck Merganser
Amadada we-Merganser angawokulandelana kwama-Anseriformes, a subfamily of ducks real. Zingumndeni wamadada futhi zihlukaniswe kuwo ziwuhlobo oluhlukile lwama-mergansers. Isizathu sokubonakala kohlobo oluhlukile kungukubakhona kwenani elikhulu lokufana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-merganser. Zonke zinezici ezifanayo ze-anatomical, indlela yokuphila efanayo, indlela efanayo yokuziphatha kanye nezinketho zokudla okunempilo.
Phakathi kwezici ezijwayelekile zokuhlanganiswa kwe-mergansers yilezi:
- yinde, inciphile futhi igobile phezulu kwesiqhwaku. Phezulu kwayo, ungabona ukukhula okuncane okuthe xaxa. Futhi esikhundleni samapuleti amadada ajwayelekile kuqhwaku (lokuqoqa ukudla kwesitshalo), la madada anamazinyo abukhali. Akhiwe emaphethelweni futhi enzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukudla izinhlanzi,
- intamo ephakeme, i-torso. Isibonakaliso esinjengalesi sizenza zifane kakhulu namalogi, ama-grebes,
- ubukhulu bezinhlanzi ekudleni. Abakwa Mergansers abakudli ukudla kwezitshalo,
- ikhono elihle lokuntywila kwemvelo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamadada we-mergansers kushintshe kaningi kuso sonke isikhathi.
Kuze kube manje, kungokwesiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezine zabahlanganisi:
- isikali. Lezi zinhlobo zakudala. Ingxenye yomzimba wale nyoni enezimbambo ifana nomdwebo wesikali. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala empumalanga kuphela,
- mkhulu. Kungumeleli omkhulu kakhulu we-mergansers. Kaningi bamdida nge-goose. Izidleke ezinhle ze-merganser kokubili empumalanga nasentshonalanga,
- ende-nosed. Isisindo salesi silwane singamakhilogremu elilodwa nesigamu, ubude abudluli amasentimitha amahlanu nesishiyagalombili. Lolu hlobo lujwayelekile kakhulu futhi lutholakala kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala kwama-mergansers,
- WaseBrazil. Izinhlobo ezingandile - isibalo asidluli abantu abangamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu. Izinhlobo zasentshonalanga kuphela.
Amadada_in_box _-_ kopiya.jpg
Imigodi yokuqala yalengiswa ngonyaka we-2000 kwathi kuze kube ngu-2003 basebenzisa kuphela idizayini yeshubhu (ngemuva kwalokhu "ipayipi"). Kusukela ngo-2003, bafake izinkomo ezijikeleza ama-cryophyllate ezinokuphakama okungama-65 cm, kusukela ngo-2008 zinwebise amakhreyithi kuya kuma-85-90 cm, kanti kusukela ngo-2012 baqala ukusebenzisa amakhreyithi amade ngokuvulelwa ohlangothini olwenzelwe owesifazane ukuba baphume uma umgadli engena ngaphakathi. uleki omkhulu. Sekukonke, kwalengiswa imigwaqo engama-253 yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ubude besikhathi somgodi abudluli iminyaka eyi-14 yamabhokisi neminyaka engu-8 ngamapayipi.
Kuze kube ngu-2014, umuntu obukele wagibela isihlahla ngenkathi ebheka indlu yezinyoni, futhi, ngokwesaba inyoni ebabayo. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2014, baqala ukuzijwayeza ukusebenzisa ikhamera yevidiyo ukubheka izimbobo, esimeni lapho umama we-hen engazange ashiye isidleke.
Isipiliyoni sokuheha i-scaly merganser ezidlekeni zokufakelwa (izimbobo) saqala ukusetshenziswa eNP Lazovsky Reserve UKolomiytsev, okwaqala ngonyaka we-1981 kuya kowe-1985 walengisa cishe izimbobo ezingama-60 echibini lomfula. IKievka. Umbhali ofanayo waphinde wahlongoza ukwakhiwa kwendlu okuyize okuyindawo enhle yokufakelwa i-flake merganser, okuthiwa "Ipayipi lesaka", lithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimbobo zadonsela amanzi emifantwini kuphela emifuleni enamahlathi agawuliwe asezikhukhuleni; ezindaweni ezingakaze zithintwe, izikhukhula (njengezinye izilwane) azihlangananga emigodini, mhlawumbe zithanda imisele eminingi yemvelo.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Uhlobo duck merganser ubukeka
Ukubonakala kwamadada we-mergansers kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zawo. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukile kuningi okufana kwe-anatomical nokwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, wonke ama-mergansers ahlukaniswa ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Ubude bawo bukhulu, ngamasentimitha ayisithupha. Isisindo sezinyoni ezinjalo singafinyelela amakhilogremu amabili. Izimpiko ze-merganser zingaphezu kwamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Noma kunjalo, lezi yizinkomba ezimaphakathi, ngoba emvelweni kunabantu bezilinganiso ezincane.
Futhi uphawu lwe-mergansers luqhwaku oluncane nolude, olugobile ekugcineni. Ezinhlangothini zomlomo onjalo kungamazinyo amancane. Basiza isilwane ekubambeni futhi sidle izinhlanzi. Lawa madada anentamo ende, okungekho uphawu kwamanye amalungu omndeni. Imilenze ye-mergansers imfushane kunalokho, inebala elibanzi lesikhumba. Umsila uyindilinga, umfishane. Izimpiko zikhonjwe ngesimo.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ngokungafani namanye amadada, ama-mergansers akavamile ukudliwa. Inyama yalawa madada asendle ingatheleleka ngethiphu, inephunga elingathandeki. I-tapeworm ingakhula emzimbeni womuntu ifike kumamitha ambalwa.
Isici esivelele kunazo zonke kuma-mergansers umbala omangalisayo wezimpaphe. Zonke izinhlobo zalawa madada zidwetshwe ngokuhlanganiswa kombala okungavamile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-merganser enkulu ipendiwe ngombala omnyama, ompunga omnyama, omhlophe qwa. Ukubukeka kwe-scaly kudwetshwe ngombala onsundu-omnqumo, obomvu noma onsomi-okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva kwalesi silwane kuhlotshiswe ngemicu emnyama nomhlophe, esikhumbuza kakhulu esikalini. IBerganser yaseBrazil inobuqhwaku obomvu obugqamile, umbala omnyama wekhanda nentamo, ithole elingenhla ngombala onsundu nesisu esikhanyayo.
Ihlala kuphi i-duck merganser?
Photo: Merganser duck in Russia
Idada le-Merganser lithathwa njenge nyoni efudukayo, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda indlela yokuphila. Ngokuphila, lezi zinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele. Ehlobo, ahlala ezwekazini lase-Euro, esifundeni salo esiphakathi. Ama-Mergansers avela lapho ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.Bahlala befika cishe okokuqala, lapho nje umgwaqo usuqala ukufudumala. Ebusika, izilwane zishiya indawo yazo ejwayelekile yokugcina - lapho kufika isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi yonke imizimba yamanzi ibamba.
Abathengisi bayathanda ukukhetha izindawo ezisehlathini lapho zakha khona izidleke. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zazo zitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini ngisho nasezintabeni. Umehluko onjalo endaweni yokuhlala uhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kanye nokubhaliswa kwe-merganser. Isikhombisi esibalulekile lapho ukhetha indawo yalezi zinyoni ukuba khona kwamanzi eduze komthombo wokudla ngokudla okufanele. Lezi zinyoni zidla izinhlanzi. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yamadada we-merganser yande kakhulu, ehambisana nokuba khona kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezahlukahlukene.
Kufaka:
- China. Kuphela lezo zindawo lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi,
- empumalanga nasentshonalanga hemispheres, e-Asia Ephakathi, amachibi eCalifornia, izintaba zaseHimalayan. Ummeleli omkhulu wamadada, i-merganser enkulu, uhlala kulezi zindawo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwezinye izindawo ama-mergansers axazululekile,
- EMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, Enyakatho yeJapan, Southeast of Asia. Le yindawo yemvelo yama-scaly mergansers,
- ugu lwaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-UK. Lapha kuhlala isilwane esinendlebe ende,
- izidumbu zamanzi eParaguay, e-Argentina, naseBrazil. Le nsimu ihlalwa izinhlobo ezingandile ze-merganser - zaseBrazil.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi i-duck merganser. Asibone ukuthi idlani le nyoni.
Uyadla noma cha?
Inyama yedada edliwayo. Ngenxa yokuthi inyoni idla izinhlanzi, inephunga elincane lezinhlanzi, imnyama ngombala. Abanye abazingeli bakholelwa ukuthi akunangqondo ukuzingela le nyoni yasendle. Uma ususa isikhumba ngoqwembe olunamafutha, ngeke kubonakale isidumbu esikhulu kakhulu senyama ngaphansi kwawo. Inyama ye-Merganser inokhahlo, kepha ukuze uzuze ukunambitheka okuhle, kungcono ukuyipheka nenyama yenye inyoni. Kepha lo mbono nje wabanye abazingeli.
Ngabe idada merganser idlani?
Photo: Duck zasendle Merganser
Uma izinhlobo eziningi zamadada zidla ukudla kwezitshalo noma zinokudla okuxubile, khona-ke ama-mergansers adla kuphela izilwane. Bazondla ngalokho abakuthola ngenkathi bedoba. Lolu hlobo lwedada lungabhekana kalula nezinhlanzi, ubude bawo bufinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Basebenza ngobuhlakani ngobuhlakani, futhi bahlukahlukene kakhulu. Inqubo yokudoba iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Okokuqala, amadada athola amakhanda awo ngaphansi kwamanzi, efuna inhlanzi efanelekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho zishona ngokushesha, zibambe izinhlanzi ngemilomo yazo. Ama-Mergansers azizwa engcono kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bangakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha lapho, baphendukele ebukhali.
Ehlobo, amadada ezingane angazingela yedwa, futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka acishe aphuma njalo ukuyodoba ngokuhlanganyela. Umbono omuhle kakhulu lo. Izinyoni zikleliswe emgqeni owodwa futhi ngasikhathi sinye zathubeleza ukuphamba. Ukudoba okuhlangene okunjalo kungabala amadada angamakhulu amaningana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukutholakala kokudla kuyindlela eyinhloko yokukhetha indawo yokuhlala. Ama-Mergansers awazukundizela ezindaweni eziseningizimu impela ebusika, uma endaweni yokudla amachibi ambozwe ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa, futhi angadoba.
Isisekelo sokudla kwama-mergansers asendle, njengoba sekushiwo, inhlanzi. Amadada inyamazane kuma-eels, ama-trout, amaphikili, usalimoni, ama-barbs. Lezi zinhlanzi ziba yisisulu sabantu abakhulu nabadala. Ama-mergansers amancane adla izinhlanzi ezincane. Futhi ama-mergansers awazideleli ezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini. Badla i-shellfish, ama-crustaceans amancane, izinambuzane zasemanzini ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezibungu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Merganser duck emvelweni
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-merganser ziphila impilo yokufuduka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, zihlala ezindaweni ezakha izidleke, ezitholakala ikakhulu maphakathi neYurophu, futhi ezindiza ziye esifundeni eseningizimu ebusika. Noma kunjalo, ebusika, izinyoni ezindiza kuphela phakathi noma ekugcineni ekwindla, lapho imizimba yamanzi iqala ukumbozwa yiqhwa. Bafika ekuseni kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo zezindawo abahlala kuzo zemvelo, bangabonakala ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Ngaseningizimu, lezi zinyoni zindiza emihlambini emikhulu, bese zibuyela ngamaqembu amancane, inani labantu ezingadluli kumashumi amabili.
Endaweni yamakha amadada ahlanganisiwe betha phambili izidingo ezithile. Bancamela ukwakha “izindlu” zabo ezintabeni noma emahlathini, kude nabantu. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zalezi zinyoni zitholakala kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba. Okunye okudingekayo ukuba khona kwichibi noma echibini eliseduzane elinamanzi acacile nezinhlanzi eziningi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba amadada achitha cishe usuku lonke lawo emanzini. Lapho, bayaphumula, babhake elangeni futhi bazingele izinhlanzi, ezakha isisekelo sokudla kwansuku zonke.
Ngokwemvelo, la madada awahlukaniswa yisimo somusa nenhliziyo enhle kakhulu. Ziyizinyoni ezingathi sína, zihlala zihlangana nezinye izilwane nabantu. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi basazama ukufuya lezi zinyoni zasendle ngokubanika isinkwa. Idada le-Merganser - umndeni. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi enzala yakhe, emnakekela kahle. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, le nyoni izokwazi ukuphindisela umuntu okonile, onqume ukudla amadada amancane noma abekele amaqanda.
Ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside kukadada
Mergansers, amadada omndeni, umbhangqwana ukhula lapho ufinyelela ekuthweni. Iza cishe iminyaka engu-1.5-2,5 nempilo. Ukuze zikhiqize uhlobo lwazo, zazikhubazekile.
Bakha izidleke - otshanini obude kakhulu, emigodini yezihlahla, emifantwini, noma ezintweni ezijikijelwe ngabantu, ngokwesibonelo, esikebheni esingagcinwanga sesikebhe esidala semfutho noma izinsalela ezigugile ezivela emotweni. Isidleke ngaso sonke isikhathi simbozwa phansi futhi asithathwa njengekhilomitha ukusuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi.
Amadada abekela amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayi-18, awadonse ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-40. Abesifazane kuphela abakwenzayo lokhu, abashayeli ngalesi sikhathi baphila ngokuhlukile futhi, njengomthetho, ukuncibilika kwabo okunamandla kwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi.
Esithombeni kukhona isidleke sogogo esihlahleni
Amachwane aqhekekile asevele esanda esidlekeni, achitha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu esidlekeni, emva kwalokho ahamba nalawo manzi emanzini bese eqala ukubhukuda kokuqala empilweni yawo, lapho azama khona ukungena emanzini. Ukuzidoba kwezidada kwenzeka lapho ziba nezinsuku eziyi-10-12.
Kusukela lapho amantshontsho eshiya isidleke kuze kube yindiza yawo yokuqala, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-55 kuye kwangama-65, kwesinye isikhathi ezinde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwizinyoni ezihlala ngokuzinzile, le nkathi iyelulwa futhi isukela ezinsukwini ezingama-70 kuye kwezingama-80, futhi kubafuduki kwesinye isikhathi iyancishiswa ibe yizinsuku ezingama-50. Ngokwesimo esihle, abahlanganisi bahlala iminyaka eyi-12-16, kanti izinyoni ezihola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, iminyaka yazo ingafinyelela iminyaka eyi-16 kuya ku-16.
Izincwadi
- C. Carboneras 1992. Umndeni Anatidae (Amadada, AmaGeese kanye namaSwans) eDel Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., naseSargatal, J., eds.
Vol. 1. // Umhlahlandlela Wezinyoni Womhlaba = Incwajana yezinyoni zomhlaba. - I-Barcelona: I-Lynx Edicions, 1992 .-- S. 626. - ISBN 84-96553-42-6. - URichard M. DeGraaf, uMariko Yamasaki.
Izilwane zasendle zase-New England: indawo yokuhlala, umlando wemvelo nokusatshalaliswa. - UPNE, 2000 .-- Isigaba 108. - 496 k. - I-ISBN 0874519578. - UJohn Gooders, uTrevor Boyer.
Amadada aseBrithani kanye neNyakatho Nenkabazwe. - ILondon: UCollins & Brown, 1997 .-- Isigaba 163-165. - I-ISBN 1855855704. (isiNgisi) - UDerek A. Scott, uPaul M. Rose.
I-Atlas yenqwaba yamadada e-Afrika nasentshonalanga ye-Eurasia = I-Atlas enabantu base-Anatidae e-Afrika nase Ntshonalanga Yuropa. - IWetlands International, 1996 .-- Isigaba 229-232. - 336 k. - I-ISBN 1 900442 09 4. (isiNgisi) - G.P. Dementiev, N.A. Gladkov.
Izinyoni zaseSoviet Union. - ISayensi yeSoviet, 1953. - T. 4. - S. 598-606. - 635 s. - V.I. Lysenko.
Ivolumu 5 - Izinyoni. Vol. I-3 - Anseriformes // Fauna yase-Ukraine. - EKiev: INaukova Dumka, 1991. - V.K. Ryabitsev.
Izinyoni ze-Urals, Cisurals kanye neNtshonalanga yeSiberia: Isikhombisi-sikhombisi. - Yekaterinburg: Ukushicilela Indlu Ural. Univ., 2001 .-- S. 88-89. - 608 k. - I-ISBN 5-7525-0825-8. - L. S. Stepanyan.
I-Synopsis yesilimo esidala se-Russia kanye nezindawo eziseduzane. - EMoscow: Incwadi Yezemfundo, 2003 .-- 808 k. - I-ISBN 5-94628-093-7.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Merganser duck amaphuphu
Idada le-Merganser isilwane somndeni. Lapho befika ebusheni, bahlanganiswa ngababili. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka cishe ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila okunemibala. Imibhangqwana yamadada ibeka izidleke zayo otshanini obude kakhulu, emifantwini, ezindlini ezishiywe dengwane, emigodini yezihlahla. Kwesinye isikhathi izidleke ze-mergansers zitholakala ngisho naseziseleni ezigugile zezimoto. Amadada abeka izidleke zawo ngaphambi kwekhilomitha elilodwa ukusuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi ukuze akwazi ukusheshe afike emanzini futhi adle.
Bazishaye izidleke zabo ku-fluff. Amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nesishiyagalombili abekwe kuwo. Amadada kufanele aqandeke amaqanda cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amane. Kwenze kuphela abesifazane. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bahlala ngokwehlukana nomndeni wabo. Le nkathi ibalwa okwesikhashana sokuncibilika kwabo. Owesifazane akavamile ukushiya isidleke. Ukuzingela nje nokudla. Isikhathi sonke, ufaka amaphuphu akhe esikhathi esizayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Endle, ama-mergansers angaphila iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Izinhlobo ezihola indlela yokuphila ehleliwe ziphila isikhathi eside - cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa.
Amathanga aqala phansi. Akhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Bachitha izinsuku ezimbalwa esidlekeni, ngemuva kwalokho baya nonina emanzini. Kakade ngosuku lwesine noma lwesihlanu ngemuva kokuzalwa, amadada amancane enza ukubhukuda kwawo kokuqala. Ngosuku lweshumi nambili, amadada angaqala ukudoba ngokuzimela. Bafuna futhi babambe izinhlanzi ezincane, gazinga. Ukuze ufunde ukundiza, amadada adinga isikhathi esithe xaxa. Imvamisa, kudlula izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu ngaphambi kwendiza yokuqala.
Izitha zemvelo zamadada we-merganser
Photo: Merganser duck
Idada le-Merganser alilona inyamazane elula yezitha zemvelo. Inobukhulu obukhulu, umlomo ocijile, amazinyo abukhali. Uyakwazi ukuzivikela yena nenzalo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, amadada awatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunqoba umphikisi.
Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-mergansers yilezi:
- izimpungushe nezinja ze-raccoon. Lezi zinyamazane zidla izidleke zezinyoni, zizingele futhi zidle abantu abadala. Balandelela izidleke zama-mergansers ngephunga,
- izinyoni ezidla ezinye. Ingozi enkulu kunazozonke yimikhaza, izinyoni, imidlwane emikhulu, izinkozi, izikhova, izinyamazane. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuhlasela ama-mergansers amancane noma amadada,
- ama-otter, ama-mink, ama-martens, amakati asendle. Lezi zidla zithuthukela zingabulala ama-mergansers, ngoba kubo idada lamakhilogremu amabili livame ukuba namandla amakhulu,
- ezinye ezihuquzelayo. Lezi zilwane ikakhulukazi zidla amaqanda namazinyane amancane, kanti umama wazo uhamba uya echibini.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamadada zifa ngenxa yezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ama-Mergansers akavamile ukuhlasela ama-mergansers anjalo. Lolu hlobo lwedada luthinteka kakhulu ngabantu. Abantu basazingela ama-mergansers asendle futhi bababulale ngamanani amakhulu. Cishe wonke umzingeli uphupha inyamazane enjalo, ngoba i-duck merganser inhle kakhulu. Ukuzingela okunjalo kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani labantu be-merganser kuyo yonke indawo yemvelo.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Photo: Uhlobo duck merganser ubukeka
Idada le-Merganser luhlobo olunqabile. Naphezu kokuqina kwesibalo sabantu bonke, izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinyoni zisengozini. Emazweni amaningi, idada liqashelwa ukuthi lisengozini, libhalwe ku-Red Book.
Siyini isizathu sokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo? Izazi zesayensi yemvelo kanye nabanye ososayensi bakhomba izici ezimbalwa ezithinta kabi inani labahlanganisi.
- ukudubula okungalawulwa ngabazingeli. Naphezu kokuvinjwa nokuvikelwa kwalezi zinyoni, ukudutshulwa kwabahlanganisi kuyaqhubeka. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lezilwane,
- Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Impilo ende, i-merganser idinga amanzi ahlanzekile, inhlanzi. Izidumbu zamanzi emazweni amaningi zingcoliswa kakhulu, ukudla kwamadada kuya ngokuya kuncipha. Izinga lokudla nalo liyahlupheka, elihlasela kabi impilo yezinyoni,
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-merganser zihlala emahlathini aseduze namachibi. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuvimbela izinyoni ekudlekeni nasekuzaleni,
- umsebenzi womuntu osebenzayo. Abantu bangcolisa umoya, inhlabathi, bethuthukisa impilo yasendle.
Zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla ziholela ekunciphiseni okuhamba kancane kepha okuqinisekileyo kwinani lama-mergansers. Futhi, amadada amaningi anjalo afa ngesikhathi izindiza ezinde. Amadada, ahola indlela yokuphila exazululiwe, aphile isikhathi eside.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezivumela abahlanganisi ukuthi balondoloze indawo ebanzi, baholele indlela yokuphila nefudukayo. Ungahlangana namadada eNyakatho Melika, endaweni eseCentral, eNyakatho ye-Eshiya.
Entwasahlobo, ama-mergansers afika nezindawo zokuqala ezinqunyiwe, ngokushesha lapho kwakhiwa umhlonyane wokuqala - ngoFebhuwari, ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Fly away lapho amachibi embozwe ngokuphelele yiqhwa, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, Novemba. Imihlambi yezikhulu evela kumakhulu abantu idinga amandla nokukhuthazela kwezinyoni. Uma ubusika lugcinwa lufudumele, amachibi awagcini iqhwa, khona-ke izinyoni ngeke zishiye izindawo ezidlekayo.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-mergansers zibhukuda ngokuphelele, dive. Izinyoni zihlala ogwini lolwandle echibini ukucasha ezindaweni eziluhlaza zasolwandle uma kunengozi. Zidlela izinhlanzi ezincane, zizidonsela emva kwazo kuze kufike kumamitha angama-4.
Ngaphansi kwamanzi, amadada angabamba imizuzu emi-3, abhukude ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 Ekuzingeleni okujwayelekile, i-merganser yokubamba inhlanzi eyodwa ithatha imizuzwana engu-15-30. Izinyoni zihamba ngokushesha, ziphenduke zibukhali, zibonisa ukuhamba kahle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi zamadada zithanda amanzi amasha avela kumachibi nemifula. Amachibi ase-Inland mergansers akhethelwa ubumsulwa, ubuningi bokuphakelwa. Izinyoni zidinga ogwini olunamahlathi ukuze zidleke, njengoba abahlanganisi bavame ukukhetha izimbobo ezindala, izidleke ezishiywe zezinye izinyoni.
Lapho uhlela izinyoni, indawo ibalulekile ekuthatheni okungahambisani, ngakho-ke i-merganser enkulu ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo, ezansi kwamafuba. Uhlobo lwe-merganser olude olunamakhala luhlala ogwini lolwandle. Ezindaweni ezinesiqhingi, amadada agcinwa eduze kwezindawo ezinamadwala lapho ungaphephela khona engozini.
Hlanganisa isikhathi sezinyoni. Imihlambi emikhulu ibuthana, njengomthetho, eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi amashumi amaningana abantu. Inyoni ye-Merganser, ezinye izinhlobo zazo ezibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia. Njengoba sinezinombolo eziqinile zama-mergansers amakhulu namade, ukuzingela kwawo kuvunyelwe yonke indawo entwasahlobo.
Ungayipheka kanjani i-duck merganser?
Okumnandi noma okungadayisi merganser? Inyama yale nyoni ayidluli ukunambitheka okwenziwe ekhaya. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umdlalo uthandwa phakathi kwabazingeli. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-duck ebhakiwe ingenye yezitsha zeholide ezithandwa kakhulu. Inyama yale nyoni ivame ukuphekelwa kuhhavini. Inambitheka ikakhulukazi uma ibhakiwe noma i-stewed kahle. Ngamaholide oNcibijane noKhisimusi, idada liphekwe kuhhavini. Uma ubhaka yonke inyoni, ungayifaka. Kulokhu, ama-apula, amawolintshi, iklabishi, izithelo ezomisiwe ziyafaneleka. Kufanele kube ukudla okunejusi.
Ngokubhaka, inyoni eyondlekile kuphela efanelekayo. Isisindo esifanelekile singama-2,5 kilos. I-Merganser ifinyelela isisindo esinjalo ebusika. Ngaphambi kokupheka, isidumbu kufanele sihlanzwe kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo, asikwe ngamathambo, omisiwe, asolwandle, anosawoti, afakwe izithako ezahlukahlukene, ugalikhi ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ogcwele ukugcwaliswa okuphekwe. Imiphetho yesidumbu iithungwa ihlanganiswe nentambo, kanti phezulu imbozwe uwoyela wemifino. Idada liphekwe amahora amaningi, kuye ngosayizi wale nyoni. Kubalwa kanjena: 1 kg = imizuzu engama-45, kanye nemizuzu engama-25, ukuze uqweqwe lube nsundu. Ngaphambi kokubeka udayi kuhhavini, udinga ukufudumala okokugcina.
Uma isidumbu sibhakiwe, qiniseka ukusika imbongolo - lokhu kuzosindisa isidlo kwiphunga elingajabulisi. Ukunikeza ubumnene benyama nobuchopho, kunconywa ukungeza amawolintshi, ama-prunes, ama-lingonberry ekugcwalisweni. Ngesikhathi sokubhaka, idada kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ikhishwe ngaphandle futhi iniselwe ngamafutha, okwakheka lapho kuqhutshekwa.
Kuhlobo lwe-mergansers, izinhlobo eziyisithupha ziyahlukaniswa, zazo ezine zivamile eRussia:
- omncane, noma okuphanga,
- mkhulu merganser,
- mude (phakathi),
- isikali.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabalingisi baseBrazil nabaseBrithani bahlala e-United States naseBrazil. Uhlobo lwe-Auckland Merganser seluphelile. Idada lalihlala eNew Zealand waze walethwa lapho izingulube zasendle nezimbuzi. Njengamanje, izinyoni ezigxile kuphela ezingabonakala eminyuziyamu yendawo.
I-Merganser encane (ukuphanga). Encane ngosayizi inyoni, yehliselwa izihlobo ngosayizi. Isisindo singama-50-700 g kuphela, abantu ngabanye abanesisindo esingu-800- 900 g bayivelakancane. Umhlobiso wezinyoni uwubuciko obuningi ngemuva kwekhanda.
Izindawo ezingama-Nesting zitholakala esifundeni sehlathi seSiberia, iKarelia, iFar East, ingxenye yaseYurophu neRussia. Amadada akhetha izindawo eziseduzane nemifula emikhulu, amachibi asezikhukhuleni anamanzi amasha.
Ebusika, avela ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian, emazweni aseCentral Asia, Japan nase China. Izinyoni ezihleliwe zihlala onqenqemeni lweqhwa, emanzini angajulile eqhweni.
Ingubo yokuhlobisa yabesilisa iyamangaza ngenhlanganisela enkulu yombala omhlophe-omhlophe ngephethini emnyama, umbala ogqamile ezinhlangothini. Uqhwaku, izihlakala zomthunzi wokuhola. Kukhona amabala amnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo. Izambatho zezinsikazi zingama-grey amabhulukwe anezigqoko ezinombala onsundu emakhanda awo.
Ukunxenxa ama-mergansers amancane aqala ngesikhathi sasebusika, andiza izidleke ngamabili amisiwe. Izinyoni zidla izidleke ezishiywe ezinye izinyoni. Ubunakekeli abesilisa bamadada abo buhlala kuze kubekwe iqanda lokugcina, bese indiza iye mol mol. Abesifazane kwesinye isikhathi hatch hhayi kuphela inzalo yabo, kodwa futhi amaqanda of gogol ahlobene.
I-Merganser. Idada ezindaweni zokuhlala livame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cormorant, inyathi ebomvu. E-Russia, i-waterfowl itholakala emifuleni eyisicaba, amachibi avulekile kumaSouthern Urals, Altai, Sakhalin naseKamchatka.
Prefers amanzi amasha, igwema ugu lolwandle. Igama lezinhlobo ligcizelela ubukhulu obukhulu bekadada - ngaphezu kwe-2 kg. Isici esihlukile sabesilisa ukungabikho kwe-crest.
Ikhanda elimnyama, intamo yedrake nge-metallic tint ebabazekayo. Izinhlangothi, isisu, nengxenye yamaphiko kumhlophe. Abesifazane, ngokungafani nodrawu, banamakhanda abomvu. Phakathi kwama-mergansers amakhulu, ama-subspecies amathathu ahlukaniswa: okwejwayelekile, eNyakatho Melika, eHimalayan. Ababili bokuqala batholakala ezweni lethu.
I-merganser emide (emide). Uhlobo lwenyoni efudukayo engahlali iphila impilo yokuhlala. I-Merganser esatshalaliswa kabanzi emazweni aseYurophu, ezifundazweni zaseBaltic, esifundeni senhlonhlo saseScandinavia.
Kutholakala eRussia endaweni eseSiberia, esiQhingini Solovetsky, eKarelia, e-Urals. I-merganser ende-enekiwe ithanda uqa lolwandle, amachibi e-tundra, amasayithi esiqhingi. Ukubhukuda okukhulu kanye nokwehluka. Ubende olunamakhanda amnyama lupendiwe ngamathoni amnyama grey ngephiko elimhlophe, umucu odlula eceleni kwezinhlangothi zenyoni.
Kukhona ukuwa kabili ngemuva kwekhanda. Izinsikazi zinsundu ngombala onsundu, ezinokushintshashintsha okungafani kokukhanya kwamathoni akhanyayo namnyama. Ama-mergansers aphakathi nendawo ahlukile komakhelwane bawo emshadweni ocebile womshado ngokucwiliswa kwekhanda emanzini, ukugoqa, amaphiko okushaya.
IScaly Merganser. Inyoni eyinqaba ihola impilo ehleli ogwini loLwandle iBering, itholakala emifuleni yezintaba eChina, Manchuria. Duck ukhetha izindawo ezigcwele izinhlanzi, zizungezwe amahlathi anobuhlakani futhi aqinile. Ukuqubuka okuphawulekayo kwezimpaphe ezingcolile isikhathi eside kunaleso sihlanganiswa ngokuhlangana.
Ingxenye emnyama yombala ine-tint yomnqumo, nokukhanya - nge-tint ebomvu. Igama lihambisana nokushintshwa ngemuva kwemivimbo emhlophe grey, kusuka kude kufana nezikali. Encwadini Ebomvu, i-scaly merganser ikhonjiswa ngesimo se- "zilwane ezisengozini". Inani elincane labantu alidluli ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.
I-Brazil Merganser. Faka umbala grey, umlotha, inhloko, intamo, emuva komthunzi omnyama. Ukudonswa kukhulu kunensikazi. Babamba umhlaba ngokuzethemba, kepha bondla kuphela lokho abakuthola emanzini. Izinyoni ezincane zisagcinwa epaki yezwe laseBrazil, zisondele ukuqothuka. Isibalo sonke singaphansi kwezinyoni ezingama-260 zalolu hlobo.
ICrested Merganser. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukudidanisa lolu hlobo nezinye izihlobo, kuyinto yasekuqaleni kakhulu. I-crest ebanzi kakhulu ikhuphuka ekhanda lenyoni, evula ngokwengeziwe ngesikhathi samanje. Emadodeni, umbala ubucwebe umnyama nomhlophe, futhi kwabesifazane - obomvu onsundu. Ungabona udada oyingqayizivele eNyakatho Melika ngasogwini lwamachibi amahlathi, imifula ephansi.
Ukuvikelwa kukadada weMerganser
Photo: Duck Merganser ovela Red Book
Uhlobo lwe-mergansers alunakubizwa ngokuthi luningi, kepha inani labantu balo lihlala lizinzile. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezithile zamadada anjalo zisondele ekuqothulweni, zibhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu ezizweni eziningi futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa. Izinhlobo ezingalingani nezisengozini zifaka phakathi ama-scaly kanye nama-mergansers waseBrazil. Amadada amakhulu namade amade asengozini namuhla, agcina inani elanele labantu kuyo yonke indawo yemvelo.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zithathwa ukuvikela amadada ama-mergansers kanye nokuqhubeka nenani labo eliphakeme:
- ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ososayensi baqapha ngokucophelela isimo samanje sezinto, balandelela inani lamadada, isimo sabo sempilo. Bafunda ngezinto ezingathinta kabi inani lalezi zinyoni,
- ukudalwa kwamapaki avikelwe. Kulawa madada, amapaki akhethekile adalwe ngayo yonke imibandela edingekayo. Lapho, izinyoni zingaphansi kokuphepha okungamahora angama-24,
ukuzalaniswa kwezinyoni ekudingisweni.
Iqiniso elihehayoNgeshwa, ezinye izinhlobo ze-merganser sezivele zingasekho. Ngakho-ke, i-Oakland merganser manje ingabonakala kuphela emnyuziyamu. Izimbuzi zasendle, amakati nezingulube kufanele zisolwe ngokufa kwakhe.
I-Duck merganser - Indalo eyingqayizivele nenhle kakhulu yemvelo. Lezi zingcingo zamanzi zinombala ongajwayelekile, okhanyayo, imikhuba ehehayo. Bahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi, ngayinye ihlukile ngendlela yayo. Iningi lezinhlobo ze-merganser namuhla lisengozini, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabantu ukuzivikela nokusiza ukubuyisela inani labantu.
Isakhiwo nencazelo yokubukeka
Phakathi kwamadada asendle, i-mallard yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngokwindla, idrake izuza isisindo esingama-2 kg. Ehlobo, ayidluli kuma-1.5 kg. Abesifazane banesisindo esifinyelela ku-1,4 kg. Isisindo nobukhulu benyoni kuyathinteka ekudleni. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bedada ukusuka kuqhwaku kuya emsileni buyi-60 cm, kanti amaphiko wona angama-26- 28 cm.
Umbala wedrakes nowesifazane uhlukile kangangokuba kunzima ukukholwa ukuthi bangabezinhlobo ezifanayo. Abesifazane banemibala yemvelo yasendaweni - lezi yizithunzi ezinsundu nokubomvu. Isisu simbozwe izimpaphe zombala omnyama. Uqhwaku lwenyoni luyi-olive noma lube mpunga ngombala, izinyawo ze-webbed ziwolintshi.
Idrinki yaseMallard ihlotshiswe ngamapulangwe akhanyayo. Ikhanda nentamo yenyoni imbozwe izimpaphe eziluhlaza obumnyama, ezinikeza u-tint owolintshi. Kukhona umngcele omhlophe entanyeni. I-goiter nesifuba sowesilisa zidwetshwe ngombala we-chestnut. Ingxenye engezansi yecala inombala onsundu omncane. Imilenze nomlomo womshayayo ngombala ofana nowesifazane.
Emibalabala yokudonswa kwabesifazane, kukhona izinto ezivamile. Isibonelo, lezi izibuko ezinsomi ezigqamile emaphikweni - zibonakala ngokucacile lapho amadada ekhipha noma eshukumisa amaphiko awo. Amadada apendwe ngombala ophuzi omnyama.
Igalari: Idada laseMallard (izithombe ezingama-25)
Mallard Habitat
Njengawo wonke amadada, abahlali abasemallini bahlala eduze nezidumbu zamanzi:
- Swamp.
- Amachibi amanzi angajulile.
- Imifula ehamba kancane.
Isici esibalulekile ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala ukuba khona kwezihlahla zamhlanga, izihlahlana kanye neziqu zezihlahla eziwile ogwini. Konke lokhu kuvikela izinyoni ezilwaneni ezidla inyama futhi kusiza ekuqandeni inzalo ngokuphepha. Ezindaweni ezivulekile zezidumbu zamanzi, duck ufa cishe awutholakali. Yize i-duck duck mallard iyesabeka, kuvamile emachibini asemadolobheni. Izinyoni ezondliwa ngabantu ziziphatha ngokwengeziwe ngokuzethemba futhi zibhukuda zisondele kakhulu ngokudla. IMallard iyinyoni efudukayo ngokwengxenye. Uchitha ubusika ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile:
- IMedithera.
- Eduze naseMpumalanga.
- ENyakatho India
- ENingizimu China
Uma ubusika buthambile, ingxenye yamadada ayibaleki, kepha hlala ezindaweni zokugcina ezingagodoli.
Ngabe idlani laseMallard?
Amadada asendle akakuthandi ukudliwa - adla kokutholakala echibini:
I-Duckweed, edonsa amachibi ngamanzi amile, ingubuso obukhethekile bamadada. Izikhathi ezithile izinyoni shona phansi kwamanzi - kuphela umsila onama-paws osala ngaphezu kobuso. Anwebise amakhanda abo hlanganisa ezansi echibini lapho ufuna ukudla. Le ndlela yokuthola ukudla ixazulula ingxenye yendawo yokuhlala - ukujula kwesichibi kufanele kube ukuthi inyoni ingafinyelela phansi ngomlomo wayo.
Ehlobo, amadada aphinda akhiphe ukudla lokhu okusanhlamvu, ngakho-ke angahambela ngezikhathi ezithile amasimu kakolweni, i-rye nokunye okusanhlamvu.
Ukufuya amadada asendle
Izinyoni zifinyelela ekuvuthweni eneminyaka eyodwa. Ekwindla, ama-mallards ahlukana ngababili - ngakho-ke babekezelela ubusika. Ngokuya ngesifunda sokuhlala nesidingo sokufuduka, isikhathi sokuzalela sinokuhlukahluka kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti.
Lapho isikhathi sifika udrako kanye nowesifazane bakhela isidleke amamitha ambalwa ukusuka emanzini. Lokhu ukujula okuhlanganiswe kahle nezitshalo ezomile. Inyoni eyeduna ivikela insikazi ngesikhathi sokulala. Lapho isivele ibopha amaqanda, udrowa uyandizela ku-molt.
Kufika emaqanda ayi-12 kungaba ku-clutch eyodwa. Isisindo esijwayelekile seqanda elilodwa ama-gramu angama-50. Igobolondo limhlophe ngombala omncane ophuzi. Uma insikazi idinga ukuhamba, imboza amaqanda nge-fluff eqoqana esidlekeni. Lapho kutholakala ukuthi amaqanda abhujisiwe, angaphinde alale, kepha amaqanda ahlala engenalusizo.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-28 zokufakwa ngokuphelele, amadada aqala ukuqandeka ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12, umama ubaholela emanzini. Amakati akhula ngesilinganiso esingakholeki - ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili angaba nesisindo esingu-1 kg.
Ukuzingela amadada asendle
Inyama yaseMallard imnandi futhi inempilo. Ekwindla, izinyoni zithola isisindo kahle, esesandleni sabazingeli. Inyoni yasendle iziphatha ngokucophelela ezimweni zemvelo, ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole indondo, kuzofanela uzame. Bafuna ama-mallards emanzini, kepha akunakwenzeka ukusondela kubo - uma bebona ingozi encane, bazoduka.
Ukuze ubambe izinyoni, ogwini kusengaphambili zakha i-hut kusuka emhlanga nasegatsheni. Umzingeli ucashile kulo mklamo athuthukisiwe. Uma besondela, bangadonswa ukukhwabanisa okukhethekile. Futhi, ungabeka idrabha eligxiliwe emanzini. Njengomthetho, sezibonile noma zizwa izihlobo, amadada angena emanzini.
Uma ukhubeka ngengozi esidlekeni sedada, asikho isidingo sokuyicekela phansi uthathe amaqanda. Kunzima kakhulu kowesifazane ukusinda ekulahlekelweni okunje. Futhi asikho isidingo sokuzingela amadada abesifazane ekwindla, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi babopha inzalo. Ngenhlanhla, ukuhlukanisa insikazi kudrake akunzima. Entwasahlobo, ukuzingela ama-mallard akusifanele - ngalesi sikhathi awukasitholi isisindo esisesimweni esihle.
Amadada akhula ekhaya
Le yinketho enhle kakhulu kulabo abangafuni ukwenza ukuzingela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinyoni zidinga ukudala izimo eduze nemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka. IDrake kanye nabesifazane badinga amanzi, ngakho-ke uma kungekho dwa lemvelo eduze kwendlu, kuyodingeka ukuthi wakhe elinye elenziwa ngamakhemikhali. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-mallards ngeke athole isisindo esidingekayo.
Ukudla okunikezwa yizitolo ezinkulu akukho okuhlukile kulokho okuhloselwe amadada asekhaya. Ukuthi inyoni isheshe yathola isisindo, yona nikeza izinhlanzi. Uma i-mallard iqukethe i-aviary, kufanele kufakwe isitsha sesihlabathi kuyo. Ukuchazwa kokudla cishe okulandelayo:
- Ukolweni.
- Utshani.
- Izimpande.
- Duckweed, zasolwandle.
- Ama-Vitamin supplements.
- Izinambuzane.
Izibungu zamadada zitholakala ngokuzimela - kulokhu, izinyoni kufanele zichithe isikhathi esiningi emoyeni omusha, kuyilapho kunconywa ukuthi ziguqule indawo yokuhamba kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze uthole lokhu, i-aviary kumele ibe yeselula.
Esitolo ungathenga ukudla okhethekile kwamadada asendle. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphakela izinyoni nakho akudingekile - lokhu kuyingozi empilweni yabo.
Amadada akufanele anikezwe isinkwa esimnyama namaswidi. Abaphuzayo kufanele bahlale behlanzekile! Ngingakwazi ukukhokhela i-oda ngeWebMoney? Amanzi, ngoba izinyoni ziphuza kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zamadada asendle
Kuyemukelwa jikelele ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamadada zithathwe kumadada ase mallard. Izinhlobo zemallard ezivame kakhulu INorth American Black, Grey Duck, iHawaiiian Mallard. Phakathi kwazo kukhona nalezo okungezona ezabantu abafudukayo. IHallian Mallard yanelisekile ngezimo zokuhlala, ngakho-ke ihlala endaweni efanayo neyamanzi.
Kubukeka kumangalisa ikakhulukazi imallard emnyama yaseMelika. Ukubukeka kwayo kuhluke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amadada - inepulamu emnyama nelimpunga. Indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinyoni yi-Eastern Canada. Izazi zesayensi yemvelo zikholelwa ukuthi le mallard emnyama phambilini ibinendawo ehlukile yokusabalalisa, ngakho-ke ayizange ihlangane nemallard ejwayelekile. Manje lo mkhuba uyadlula, njengoba izinyoni zazo zombili izinkampani zemigwaqo zambelana.
IMallard iyinyoni engazikhathaleli nenomusa, okuthakazelisa ukuyibuka. Njengoba sesidale izimo ezithile, singatshalwa endlini yangasese. Amadada, ikakhulukazi amadraki, avuselela noma yimuphi umzimba wamanzi ngokubukeka kwawo, azivumela ukuba zondliwe. Impela uyibonile le nsimbi yamanzi echibini eliseduzane noma emfuleni. IMallard ihlanzekile futhi inakekela kahle inzalo yayo, ebeka isibonelo esihle kubantu.
Indawo
Izinhlobo ze-Holarctic, indawo esatshalaliswa iyisiqalo sehlathi-tundra nehlathi elisenyakatho lama-hemispheres asentshonalanga nasempumalanga. E-Eurasia, ihlala ikakhulukazi empumalanga enyakatho yeDenmark naseScandinavia, kepha kutholakala imiphakathi emincane e-Alps, Great Britain nase-Iceland. Enyakatho, ifinyelela emngceleni wezitshalo ezinamahlahla: ifinyelela ku-67 ° C ePeninsula yeKola nengxenye yeYurophu yaseRussia. N, kuYamal kuze kufike ku-69 ° C. sh., emfuleni iYenisei kuze kufike ku-68 ° C. sh., esitsheni seVilyuya kuze kube ngu-66 ° c. sh., echibini likaLena kuze kufike ku-64 ° c. sh., empumalanga yoMbukiso weKolyma uya endaweni yama-64, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeChukotka. Ezwenikazi laseMelika, idla yonke indawo ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga kuye enyakatho isuka eningizimu ye-Alaska iye eQuebec naseNewfoundland.
Emhlabeni Old, itholakala eningizimu enyakatho yeDenmark, izifunda eziphakathi nePoland neBelarus, isifunda saseP Pskov, isigodi sesifufula saseMologa, izindawo eziphakemeyo zezigodi zomfula iBelaya, Ufa ne-Ik, kuze kufike ku-55 ° C eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. sh., empumalanga eya eLake Zaysan, e-Altai, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neMongolia, ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Amur basin, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina kanye nesiqeshana eseningizimu yesibalo saseSikhote-Alin. ENyakatho Melika, eningizimu kuya enyakatho neMexico ogwini olusentshonalanga nezifundazwe zasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-US ngasempumalanga.
Ukufuduka
Izinhlobo ezifudukayo noma ngokwengxenye ezifudukayo. Ebusika, abantu basenyakatho bafudukela endaweni ephakathi nendawo: ngokwesibonelo, izinyoni ezidlekayo eScandinavia naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yeRussia ikakhulu zithuthela ezindaweni eziseduzane nolwandle lweBaltic noma olwandle lwasenyakatho, kodwa futhi nasezingeni elingatheni enkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu. Amaqoqo amancane wezinyoni zasebusika aqoshwa esifundeni esisogwini lweLwandle Olumnyama nolwamaCaspian, kanye naseCentral Asia - ngokusho kochwepheshe, lezi zinyoni kungenzeka zidleke eRussia empumalanga yePechora. EMpumalanga Ekude, izingosi zobusika zitholakala eJapan, Korea nasezindaweni ezisogwini lwaseChina. Inani lezinyoni ezifudukayo ziyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka: ngokusobala, ebusika obuthambile, ingxenye ebalulekile yazo ihlala ezindaweni ezidlekayo noma ifudukela amabanga amancanyana. Ukuhamba kwe-Autumn kuqala kuphela ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, lapho amanzi embozwe ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa. Abantu abaningi baseningizimu bathambekele nasendleleni yokuphila ehleliwe, okwenza ukufuduka okume mpo noma ukuthutha kumabanga amancanyana.
Habitat
Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwendlu, kuhlala izindawo zokugcina amanzi angenamanzi agudle ugodo: amachibi amancanyana aminyene anendawo yokuvula evulekile, izindawo zokugcina amanzi, imifula egeleza ngokushesha ezindaweni ezifika phezulu, lapho imvamisa ihlala khona ngasogwini emthunzini wezihlahla. Ukusuka, inyoni idinga ibanga elikhulu ngokwanele emanzini - ngenxa yalesi sizathu ihlala igwema amadamu amancane kakhulu ahlangabezana nazo zonke ezinye izimo zokuphila. Ngokuphikisana ne-merganser emide emide, enkulu yona ithanda ukuphakama kwezindawo zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi ezansi naphansi kwezintaba. Ubusika emachibini amakhulu angenamakhaza kanye namachibi anamanzi angenamvula, ngezikhathi ezithile ezifundeni zemifula nasezigodini zolwandle. NgoFebhuwari-Mashi 2012, ama-mergansers amakhulu abonwa ebusika eDnieper esifundeni saseKiev.
Ukubhebhetheka
ILutok ihlala cishe sonke isifunda se-taiga saseRussia nengxenye esempumalanga yeScandinavia. Ubusika emaphethelweni aseningizimu ye-Eurasia ukusuka eMedithera kuya oLwandle lwaseJapan, eNyakatho Yurophu nezilwandle ziyakugeza. Ubusika baziwa ezindaweni ezingenawo iqhwa eBaltic, Caspian, Okhotsk kanye nolwandle lwaseJapan. Ezinye izinyoni zisalela ubusika emfuleni umhlonyane.
Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwemvula, izihlambi zamalokishi zihlala ezindlini zamanzi ahlanzekile endawo ye-taiga - amachibi, amachibi, abadala, imvamisa kakhulu endaweni, izindawo ezivulekile zamaphampu we-sphagnum kanye nezikhukhula zemifula egeleza kancane enamanzi ahlanzekile. I-Loot isuka ekuhambeni okufushane kakhulu emanzini ngakho-ke ingahlala ezindlini ezincane ezigcina amanzi ezingafinyeleleki kwezinye izidalwa zamadada “ezisindayo”. Le duck icasha ezindaweni zasolwandle ezindaweni ezivaliwe zamachibi nasezihlanjeni zemifula, nasemachibini amakhulu, ezindaweni zokugcina nemifula, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka olwandle oluvulekile.
Insiza_in_tree_cavity _-_ kopiya.jpg
Enye yezizathu ezinkulu zokuncipha kwenani lamadada angavamile ukuxakwa kwamahlathi esigodi ngezihlahla eziyize. Ukuntuleka kwezindawo ezidlekayo ezilungele isidleke kunciphisa ukuzalwa kabusha kwezinhlobo endaweni yazo yemvelo. Izinyoni eziningi ziyafa lapho zibanjwa ngamanetha okudoba. Ngaphandle kokwenqatshelwa okuqinile kokudubula amadada angavamile, ama-mergansers aqondile abe yizisulu zokuzingela okungahleliwe. Iso le-shooter akuvamile ukukwazi ukwahlukanisa i-scaly merganser evela kwamanye amadada amnyama namhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidleke nokukhula kwamachwane kuthintwa yisici sokukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokudoba, ukugoqa, uhambo ngezikebhe zezimoto. E-China, izizathu eziyinhloko zokuncishiswa yilezi: ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukumiswa kwamadamu ngamifula, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi emfuleni.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000, iphrojekthi isiqalile ePrimorye ukudala izimo zokuzalelwa kwale nyoni engavamile. Ipulazi eliyisiyingi elakhiwe emifuleni eyi-15 yasePrimorye. Kwafundwa izidleke ezingama-205, lapho izidleke zazo ezingama-190 zatholakala emigodini yokufakelwa izidleke eziyi-15 ezindlini zemvelo. Ukulima okwenziwe ngenkani kwaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokwandisa inani lezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingandile. Okwe-2002-2017 Izidleke ezingama-1334 ziboshwe ngokweqiniso ezindaweni eziyize.