Wonke umfuyi wezinhlanzi e-aquarium uyazi ukuthi isilwane esintanta sibheke phansi sigula kakhulu futhi kungekudala sizokufa. Kepha ukushintshwa kwe-catfish (Synodontis nigriventris) olunye udaba. Kule nhlanzi e-aquarium, ukuba sesiswini phezulu kuyinto ejwayelekile. Isici esithandekayo lesi njengomphumela woshintsho lokuziphendukela kwemvelo endaweni lapho kufakwa khona isinye. Esikhundleni sokungena ngaphakathi, i-catfish ibhukuda cishe 90% yesikhathi.
Incazelo
I-Synodontis iyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku. Emini, izinhlanzi ziphumula, zigibela endaweni yokukhosela. Zithathwa cishe sonke isikhathi, ziphendulela emuva ngezikhathi zokudla kuphela.
Ngenxa yendlela ehlukile yokubhukuda, izici zangaphandle zicacisiwe: ingemuva ilula ukwedlula isisu. Incazelo imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Umzimba onsundu omnyama, umbozwe amabala ansundu,
- Ubude 9 cm
- Isakhiwo sincane.
Abamele lezi zinhlobo azinasikali. Isikhumba sikhulu, simbozwe umquba wokuvikela. Amaphinifa we-pectoral kanye ne-dorsal ayakhiwa, afakwe izingwegwe ezingenacala. I-caudal fin ihlukaniswe ngokucacile yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Inhlama yamafutha ibonakala eduze nomsila.
Ukuphila endalweni
Uhlobo lweSynodontis nigriventris lomndeni wakwaCirrus lubhebhetheke emigwaqweni yaseCongo naseCameroon, enothile ngokugcwala imifino. Lapho zihlala emvelweni, izinhlanzi zithanda ukukhishwa kwemifula nemifudlana ehlanzekile, lapho amanzi acwebile ahamba khona ngokushesha bese kuthi phansi kufakwe ngesihlabathi noma ngamatshe amatshe amatshe.
Izinhlanzi eziguqukayo - inhlanzi enokuziphatha okuzolile nokuthula. Iphelele kahle kwi-aquarium yamalitha angama-80, enezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezingadliwayo.
I-Synodontis ithanda indlela yokuphila yokwenza umhlambi (kungakuhle ukuthenga umhlambi wabantu abathathu kuya kwabane). Inhlanzi eyodwa izizwa ingavikelekile.
Amapharamitha wamanzi
Umqondo obaluleke kakhulu wokuqukethwe yikhwalithi yamanzi. Ama-Catfish adinga amanzi ahlanzekile ngokuphelele, anomoya omningi. Ngakho-ke, kufakwa isihlungi esinamandla nesistimu ye-aeration ku-aquarium. 1/3 wevolumu yamanzi eshintsha masonto onke.
Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele abe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ukushisa 25 - 28 ° C,
- I-Acidity 6 - 7.5 pH,
- Ubulukhuni - 5 - 15 dH (ephansi).
Ukuhlobisa
Izindawo zokukhosela ezinhlobonhlobo kumele zibe se-aquarium: i-driftwood, imikhiqizo ye-ceramic, izinqwaba zamatshe ezinama-grottoes. Izilwane eziguqukayo zinezimbili ezintathu zezimpondo ezibucayi, ezizizwa ziphansi lapho zifuna ukudla. Ukuvimbela i-antennae ukuthi ingonakali, lapho uhlela i-aquarium, phansi kufanele kufakwe umganu nesihlabathi noma amatshe ayindilinga ayindilinga.
Ukondla
I-catwalk ayikhethi ukuthi iyondla yini, idla ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Ukusuka kokudla kwesilwane unganikela abenzi bamapayipi, ama-bloodworms, ama-brine shrimp. Ukudla kwezitshalo kungafaka phakathi i-spirulina etafuleni noma granular, nolunye ulwelwe.
ICatfish idla izindwani ze-zucchini nekhukhamba zicutshungulwe ngamanzi abilayo. Kepha lokhu kungukudla okumnandi okungafanele kufakwe kwimenyu kaningi. Ngokuvamile, ama-shifter awakwazi ukondliwa, ngoba athambekele ekukhuluphaneni. Kuyasiza ukuhlela usuku lokuzila kanye kanye ngesonto, ukushiya inhlanzi ingadli.
Ukuzala nokukhiqiza kabusha
I-Synodontis Changeling - uhlobo okunzima ukuzalanisa ekhaya. Ukusakazeka okuzimele cishe akunakwenzeka ukufeza, ngakho-ke, ukukhuthaza ngamahomoni kuyasetshenziswa. Izilwane ezifuywayo zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala. Njengoba ubulili kunzima ukunquma, umhlambi uyakhethelwa ukuzala.
Abantu abakhethiwe bafakwa amasonto ama-2 ezitsheni ezihlukile, bondliwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla ngamaphesenti aphezulu okudla kwezitshalo. Ukudoba ukufakelwa kwekati lezinhlanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba ngenxa yengcindezi, izinhlanzi zisabalalisa izinkezo ezifakwe izingwegwe enetheni futhi zingabamba inetha.
Amakheli kumele abe khona ezindaweni ezinwebayo. I-acid acidity icishe ibe ngu-6 pH, ubulukhuni bungama-5 dH, izinga lokushisa lingama-2 ° C ukuphakama kunasemanzini amakhulu. Ukulingiswa kokugeleza kufanele kudalwe.
Ngemuva kokuhluma, abantu abadala bayavunwa. Amandla okugeleza ancishisiwe. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala cishe isonto. Amaqanda awakwazi ukumelana nokukhanya okukhanyayo, ngakho-ke i-aquarium idinga ukubiliswa.
Fry ngamapulangwe wezilwane anempilo.
Izifo Nokuvimbela
Mangaki amashifu ahlala ngokuphila ngokuya ngezimo zokuvalelwa, kepha isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-10. Abamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo ngokuvamile banzima, kepha bathambekele ezifweni ezithile. Ama-pathologies alandelayo ayenzeka:
- Ukushintshwa kombala ngenxa yengcindezi.
- Ukuwohloka kwe-Fin ngenxa yekhwalithi emanzi engekho.
- Ukonakala kwesifiso sokudla ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrate emanzini.
- I-Spironucleosis yisifo esidlulisa umzimba esihambisana nokubonakala kwezilonda emzimbeni.
- Amabala amhlophe emzimbeni onesifo sokukhunta.
Ukuvimbela i-pathologies, kuyadingeka ukugcina amanzi e-aquarium ekuhlanzekeni okuphelele. Ukuvimbela ukubola okuphelele, kunconywa ukuthi kuncibilike ngezikhathi ezithile ingcosana kasawoti emanzini. Ukuqoqwa kwama-nitrate emanzini akufanele kudlule i-20 ppm.
I-Synodontis idume ngemvelo yayo ezolile nenokuthula, ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okuthandwayo nokunempilo. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yikhono lakhe lokubhukuda libheke phansi.
Ulwazi oluvamile
I-Synodontis (Synodontis sp.) Luhlobo lwenhlanzi oluhlotshiswe ngemisebe oluqhamuka emndenini wakwaCirrus. Njengamanje kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-130 ezihlala eCentral, East kanye naseNtshonalanga Afrika. Abamele lolu hlobo lokuqala baqala ukungena eYurophu ngo-1950.
Igama lohlobo lungahunyushwa ngokuthi "amazinyo afakiwe", okubonisa ukwakheka okungafaniyo kwemihlathi yalezinkukhu - amazinyo angama-45-65 omhlathi ophansi akhula ndawonye.
Isitembu ngesithombe se-synodontis. IRiphabhlikhi yaseMadagascar, 1994
Ama-synodontis angabameli abakhulu be-catfish. Izinhlobo ngazinye zingakhula zibe ngama-30 cm ubude. Kaningi ikatfish itholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Changeling". Izinhlanzi zithole igama lesidlaliso elifanayo lesici esithandekayo ukuthi zingakwazi ukubhukuda noma ukudonsa zibheke phezulu, okuwukuzivumelanisa nokubamba izinambuzane eziwele ebusweni bamanzi.
Njengama-catfish platidorases, ayakwazi ukwenza imisindo ekhanyayo uma kwenzeka esaba, noma lapho ekhishwa emanzini. Benza lokhu ngosizo lwemisebe yokuqala enzima yamaphinifa e-pectoral.
AmaSulumane ahamba ebusuku kakhulu, ancamela ukucasha ezindaweni zokukhosela phakathi nosuku. Izinhlanzi ziyamangaza. Bangabasizi abahle ekugcineni inhlanzeko ye-aquarium, bedla izinsalela zokuphaka kwezinye izinhlanzi. Emvelweni bahlala emihlambini emincane.
Ukubukeka
Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo, ama-catfish synodontis anokufana okuningi. Umzimba uphakeme, uthambile kancane kamuva. Ukuthenga emuva kukhulu kakhulu kunesisu. Isikhumba siqinile nge-mucus eningi. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, usayizi we-catfish ungahluka kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-30 cm.
Ikhanda lifushane, lithambile ngokuqinile kamuva. Amehlo amakhulu atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Umlomo uphansi, ubanzi, uzungezwe ngamabili amathathu ezinsizwa ezibucayi. Njengomthetho, abangaphansi bayi-cirrus noma i-fringed (isici sesimo somndeni). Izimpondo zivumela inhlanzi ukuba ithole ukudla kusihlwa. I-dorsal fin inxantathu ngesimo, bese kuthi isicubu somsila silayishwe ngemisebe emide. Kukhona i-adipose fin enkulu.
I-Somik synodontis. Ukubukeka
I-dorsal fin inesimo esingunxantathu nge-spikes engu-1-2, i-caudal fin ilayishwe kabili. Futhi, i-catwalk ifakwe uwoyela omkhulu oyindilinga. Amaphinifa we-pectoral athuthukiswe kahle, aphakama, avumela inhlanzi ukuba ihambe ngokushesha.
Umbala oyinhloko womzimba, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, ungaba ophuzi okhanyayo, onsundu, ompunga, njll. Isici esibonakalayo ukubakhona komzimba wamabala, amachashazi noma imichilo yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu. Isisu siqhakaze ngaphandle kwamabala.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ibuthakathaka. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa.
Isikhathi sokuphila e-aquarium sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15.
Habitat
ISynodontis yande kakhulu e-Afrika eshisayo. Zitholakala zombili ezigodini zemifula (iCongo, iNiger, iNayile, iZambezi, njll.) Nasemachibini (iMalawi, iTanganyika, neChad). Amaningi athambekele ezindaweni ezithile.
Ama-Catfish ahlala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene: izikhukhula, imifula enamanzi acacile futhi anodaka. Kepha izinhlobo eziningi zithanda ukuhlala eduze namadwala anamatshe ane “sandings” yesihlabathi. Bazithanda izitshalo ezikhula kakhulu notshani, okuyisiphephelo semvelo ngesikhathi sosuku.
Njengamanje, phakathi kwama-aquarists, ezivame kakhulu yizinhlobo ezintathu ze-synodontis, ezihlukaniswe umbala omuhle womzimba nokuziphatha okuhehayo.
Iveli le-Synodontis (Synodontis eupterus)
I-catfish enhle kakhulu eneveli ephezulu dorsal fin. Umbala uqine kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo kuya ocishe ube mnyama ngokuba namabala amaningi amnyama emzimbeni wonke. Emvelweni, angatholakala e-White Nile, eNiger, eLake Chad. Ikhetha imifula enodaka enamatshe aphansi namatshe asheshayo. Izinhlanzi zingaphila ngokubodwa nangamaqembu.
Ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulu bungamasentimitha angama-30. I-catfish ayinolaka, kepha ukutshala kuyadingeka kuphela ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu nezisebenzayo. Umthamo ophakanyisiwe we-aquarium uvela kumalitha ayi-150. I-Omnivore, emvelweni idla izinambuzane, izibungu, ulwelwe.
Iveli le-Synodontis
I-Synodontis Changeling (Synodontis nigriventris)
Inhlanzi yathola igama layo ngokuziphatha kwayo. Catfish cishe njalo ukubhukuda isisu. Lokhu kuziphatha kukhule ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, njengethuluzi lokudla izinambuzane ebusweni bamanzi.
Ngokwemvelo, ukushintshana kwe-synodontis kutholakala emikhakheni eminingi yoMfula iCongo. Ilungiselela izindawo ezinotshani obukhulu.
Ubukhulu benhlanzi bungamasentimitha ayi-10, kanti abesilisa bancane kakhulu. Umbala ungwevu onsundu enamabala amnyama emzimbeni wonke. IVolumu ye-aquarium enconyiwe kusuka kumalitha angama-60.
I-Synodontis Changeling
I-Synodontis multifoam (Synodontis multipunctatus)
Igama lesibili lale nhlanzi yi-synodontis cuckoo, ngoba njengale nyoni edumile, izinhlanzi azizikhathaleli izizalo, kepha ziphonsa amaqanda azo ngobunono kuma-cichlid aphethe i-fry yazo emilonyeni yazo. Lokhu kuziphatha kubizwa "yi-parasitic spawning." Ama-cichlid angahlosiwe afaka amaqanda ama-synodontis namaqanda awo. Kepha ama-catfish akhula ngokushesha futhi ngokungenacala ehla amaqanda ama-cichlids.
ISomik cuckoo yisigcawu seLake Tanganyika eMpumalanga Afrika. I-biotope ejwayelekile yaleli chibi ingaphansi kwesihlabathi esinamatshe oxutshaniswe namadwala cishe nezitshalo ezingekho ngokuphelele.
E-aquarium, ikhukhamba lwe-cockoo lungakhula lube yi-15 cm ubude. Zingagcinwa ngokucophelela noma ngamaqembu amancane, uma ivolumu ye-aquarium kanye nenani lezindawo zokukhosela livumela. Umzimba uphuzi ngokukhanyayo ngamabala amaningi amnyama okusaqanda. Isisu sicacile, imivimbo emnyama ebanzi yelulela ezinhlangothini zepani le-caudal. I-dorsal fin inxantathu, imnyama ngomphunga omhlophe. Umthamo onconyiwe we-aquarium wokulungiswa uvela kumalitha ayi-100.
I-Synodontis inebala eliningi
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa
Umthamo we-aquarium wokulungiswa kwe-synodontis ukhethwa ngokuya ngezinhlobo ezithile. Isibonelo, amalitha angama-60 azokwanela ukushintshwa, futhi iveli labantu abadala lidinga i-aquarium okungenani amalitha ayi-150. Ukuze izinhlanzi zingazilimazi izimpondo zazo ezibucayi, kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlabathi noma inhlabathi encane enamatshe.
I-Synodontis ingagcinwa ngokubodwa noma emihlambini
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokukhosela eziningi - izindawo lapho ungacasha khona, akumele kube ngaphansi kwesibalo sama-synodontis ngokwawo e-aquarium. I-Driftwood yemvelo, ama-grottoes, amabhodwe e-ceramic wezimbali angasebenza njengezindawo zokuphephela. Izitshalo eziphilayo zizophinde zibe wusizo ezinhlotsheni eziningi, kepha uma unikezwe umkhuba wemvelo wokumba inhlabathi, kungcono ukuzitshala ezimbizeni ezikhethekile. I-Anubias, i-echinodorus, i-cryptocorynes ifanelwe kahle.
Emanzini anama-synodontis adinga indawo yokukhosela
Isihlungi esinamandla nokusizakala okuhle siyadingeka e-aquarium. I-Synodontis izinhlanzi zakusihlwa, ngakho-ke ukukhanyisa nakho kungcono ukuthuliswa. Isilawuli sokushisa ngeke sibe sibi kakhulu, ngoba lezi zakhamizi zase-Afrika ezishisayo zithanda amanzi afudumele.
Kanye ngesonto, ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kuyadingeka - kuze kufike ku-20% wevolumu ye-aquarium.
Amapharamitha wamanzi afanele wokuqukethwe yilezi: T = 24-26 ° C, pH = 6.5-7.5, GH = 4-12.
Ukuvumelana
Ama-synodontis izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi angakwazi ukutshelwa kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezincane. Njengezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, i-catfish izodla ngenjabulo wonke umuntu ophela emlonyeni wakhe. Ngakho-ke, lapho zigcinwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile, ama-tetras, ama-neon, ama-zebrafish, ama-guppies akhishwe ngokuphelele.
Izinhlanzi zihlangana kahle nezihlobo zazo. Kodwa-ke, ama-hassles kungenzeka lapha, ngakho-ke udinga ukunakekela izindawo zokukhosela. Kaningi, ama-synodontis asabela ngokuhlukumezekile kwezinye izinhlanzi ezingezansi - ama-bots, amakhorali, ama-anticistruses - indawo efanayo nayo iyanconywa ukuba igwenywe.
ISynodontis ihlangana kahle neMicic cichlids
Kepha ngama-cichlid ase-Afrika, ama-synodontis ahamba kahle. Ungahlala kwi-aulonokara, haplochromis, melanochromis, njll. Ungahlalisa futhi i-synodontis ngemikhonto, amageza amakhulu, iris.
Ukuzalela nokuzalela
Ukuzala i-catfish synodontis ekhaya kungenzeka, kepha kudinga amandla okusebenzisa imijovo ye-hormonal.
Ukuzalanisa, kusetshenziswa i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-70 noma ngaphezulu. Isonto ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa okusolwayo, abakhiqizi bahlwanyelwa futhi bondliwe kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukubeka inetha phansi phansi ukuze abazali bangadli i-caviar yabo. Ukuvuselela ukuqhuma, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngo-2-3 ° C, kwenziwa ushintsho lwamanzi bese kwakhiwa manje. Izinhlanzi zifakwa kuma-hormone kanye, emva kwalokho kuvela ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12. Ukuzala kwezinsikazi kungafinyelela amaqanda angama-500. Ngemuva kokuphothula kwenqubo, abakhiqizi bayanqunyelwa.
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kweCaviar kuthatha cishe amahora angama-40, amaqanda amhlophe athintwe yisikhunta asuswa e-aquarium. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, izibungu zidla kwi-yolk sac kwezinye izinsuku ezi-4. Fry ikhula ngokungalingani, kepha musani ukukhubekelana, ngakho-ke ukuhlunga akudingekile.
Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-1.
