ISalvini cichlazoma (Cichlasoma salvini) lapho uyithenga ebusheni yinhlanzi eyi-grey, edonsa ukunaka kancane. Kepha konke kuyashintsha lapho eba mdala, bese kuba yinhlanzi enhle kakhulu ekhanyayo, ebonakalayo e-aquarium futhi ukugqolozela kwakhe kuye. ISalvini yinhlanzi ephakathi nendawo, ingakhula ibe ngu-22 cm, kepha imvamisa incane. Njengawo wonke ama-cichlid, angaba nolaka impela, ngoba ayindawo. Lesi sidlo sakusihlwa, futhi uzodla izinhlanzi ezincane, ngakho-ke kudingeka uzigcine ngokwahlukana noma ngamanye ama-cichlids.
UKUPHILA KULULA
USalvini cichlazoma waqala wachazwa uGunther ngonyaka we-1862. Bahlala eCentral America, eningizimu yeMexico, eHonduras, eGuatemala. Zilethwa nasezifundeni zaseTexas, eFlorida.
AmaSalvini cichlomas ahlala emifuleni ngenkambo elinganiselayo neqinile, adla izinambuzane, ama-invertebrates nezinhlanzi. Ngokungafani namanye ama-cichlid, ama-salvin asebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo ekuzingeleni ezindaweni ezivulekile zemifula kanye nezinkokhelo, futhi engasuki ogwini phakathi kwamatshe nezibi, njengezinye izinhlobo.
ISIHLOKO
Umzimba uphakeme, okusaqanda ngokuma ngesigaxa esibukhali. Emvelweni, ama-salvini akhula aze afike ku-22 cm, okuyinto enkulu ngokwedlula usayizi ojwayelekile wama-cichlid eMelika Ephakathi. E-aquarium, mancane, cishe cm 15-18. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, angaphila iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwe-13.
Ezinhlanzini ezincane nezincane, umbala womzimba uphuzi ngokuphuzi, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uphenduka umbala omuhle kakhulu. I-cachlazoma yabantu abadala is ephuzi, kepha imivimbo emnyama ilandela isizinda esiphuzi. Oyedwa oqhubeka agijimisana nomugqa wesikhungo somzimba, bese owesibili ehlukana aze abe yizindawo ezihlukile bese wedlula owokuqala. Isisu sibomvu.
UKUPHEPHA KULO OKUQUKA
ISalvini tsikhlazoma inganconywa ama-aquarists athuthukile, ngoba kuzoba nzima kubaqalayo. Lezi izinhlanzi ezingazithobi kakhulu futhi zingahlala emanzini amancane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zibanga ezinye izinhlanzi. Zidinga nezinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi nokunakekelwa okufanele.
UKUDLA
Yize i-salvini cichlazoma ithathwa njengenhlanzi emnivivous, emvelweni kuseyizilwane ezidla ezinye ezidla izinhlanzi ezincane nama-invertebrates. E-aquarium, badla zonke izinhlobo zokuphila bukhoma, u-ayisikhilimu noma okuphakelayo okufakwayo. Isisekelo sokuphaka kungenzeka ukudla okuyisipesheli kwama-cichlid, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho udinga ukunikeza ukudla okubukhoma - i-artemia, ishubhu, kanye nojewworms ngamanani amancane. Babuye bajabulele imifino eqoshiwe, enjengekhukhamba noma isipinashi.
Emvelweni
USalvini cichlazoma waqala wachazwa emuva ngo-1862 ngudokotela wezilwane odabuka eJalimane u-Albert Gunther. Lezi zinhlanzi ezingavamile zihlala emanzini aseMelika Ephakathi. Bahlangane eMexico, eHonduras, eGuatemala. Baphinde bangeniswa e-United States futhi basatshalaliswa ezifundeni zaseTexas naseFlorida.
AmaTsikhlazomas akhetha imifula enenkambo eqinile nephakathi nendawo. Zidla izilwane futhi zidla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-invertebrates nezinambuzane. Ngokungafani namanye ama-cichlases, ama-salvin akafihli emigodini nasematsheni, kepha ngokuzingela ngenkuthalo ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Incazelo
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-salvini cichlazoma? Izithombe zibonisa ukuthi le yinhlanzi enemibala ephakathi nendawo. I-cichlazoma ingakhula ibe ngosayizi obonakalayo - ifinyelela kuma-22 cm, kepha imvamisa e-aquarium ayifinyeleli ubude obunjalo futhi ime lapho ubude bungu-15-18 cm. Njengazo zonke izihlobo, i-salvini iyindawo futhi inolaka. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, angaphila iminyaka eyi-13.
Umzimba weSalvini uphakeme, u-oval, futhi isigaxa saso sibukhali. Izinhlanzi ezincane ezingakafinyeleli ebusheni zinombala onsundu ophuzi we-nondescript. I-cichlazoma yabantu abadala inombala ogqamile. Umbala oyinhloko ophuzi, kepha imivimbo emnyama emide iyahamba nomzimba. Umugqa owodwa omnyama oqhubekayo ugijimela ngqo emgqeni wesikhungo somzimba, owesibili uyaphazamiseka, uqhekeke ube yizindawo ezihlukene ngemuva nasemhlane ophezulu. Isisu kanye ne-anal fin ebomvu.
Izici Zokuqukethwe
Kuma-aquarists okuqala, i-cichlazoma salvini kuzoba nzima ukuyigcina, noma ingafunwa ngamapharamitha wamanzi. Ukuze ugcine i-salvini eyodwa, udinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-200. Futhi uma uhlela ukubenza bahlangane nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, khona-ke umthamo kuzodingeka ukhushulwe amahlandla ama-2. Futhi, i-cichlase inomsindo wokuqhuma, baba nolaka ikakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.
Ukondla
Emvelweni, i-cichlazoma salvini idlozi. Abamele lezinhlobo badla ukudla okubukhoma - inhlanzi, ama-invertebrates, izinambuzane. Ngokuqukethwe okwenziwe nge-artificial, i-salvini ihlukaniswa njenge-omnivorous, njengoba ngokuthanda kwabo zidla zonke izinhlobo zokufakelwa, u-ayisikhilimu nokudla okubukhoma.
Ukudla okuyinhloko, njengomthetho, kungukudla okukhethekile kwama-cichlids. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka futhi ukunikeza ukudla okubandayo noma okubukhoma - izingwadla zegazi, ukhukhamba, ishubhu, ubuciko bemvelo, izibungu zomhlaba kanye nekhilikithi. Udinga futhi ukugxilisa inhlanzi ngokudla okuluhlaza - isipinashi, ulethisi, i-dandelion, ikhukhamba, i-zucchini neminye imifino ekhethiwe. Abanye abathandekayo bondla izilwane zasolwandle ezibandayo zasolwandle, izinhlanzi eziphilayo kanye ne-shrimp.
Ochwepheshe bathi ukuze ube ntofontofo, ikhekhe elilodwa lama-cichlase lizodinga umthamo wamalitha angama-200 noma ngaphezulu. E-aquarium enkulu ungagcina abantu abaningana, engeza amalitha amanzi angama-30 kuya kwengxenye ngayinye. Noma yimuphi umhlabathi ungasetshenziswa, kodwa kungcono ukuthatha amatshe amancane noma ama-granite chips. Ukutshala izitshalo ngezimpande ezinamandla, udinga ungqimba lomhlabathi kusuka ku-8 cm.
Phansi kwe-aquarium, kufanele kubekwe indawo yokukhosela nama-grottoes amatshe nezingodo. Lobucwebe buzoba isiphephelo senhlanzi efuna ukuzifihla kumhlaseli. Ngokuvamile ama-cichlid abhubhisa izitshalo, kepha ama-salvin aziphatha ngokucophelela.
Izitshalo kumele zibe nohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande. Isibonelo, ama-cryptocorins, i-echinodorus, ipinki, i-wallisneria, i-elodea afanelekile. Ama-cichlid awafunwanga ekwakhiweni kwamanzi. Ukushisa - ama-24-26 degrees, i-acidity - i-7-8,5 pH, ubunzima - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-20 ° dH.
I-cichlazoma kaSalvini ayikuthandi ukukhanyiswa okugqamile futhi ithanda izindawo zokuhlala ezivikelwe ukukhanya okukhulu kwamalambu aphezulu. Uma ufaka izibani ezinamandla kakhulu esembozweni, inhlanzi izosebenzisa cishe sonke isikhathi emashalofini futhi ngeke ibavumele bancome umbala wabo ogqamile. Kwanele kuzoba amandla wezibani ze-fluorescent zama-watts ezingama-0.3 ilitha lamanzi ngalinye.
Ukuhlunga kanye noku-aeration kuyadingeka, amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke futhi agcwele umoya-mpilo. Isonto ngalinye, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni sama-20% amanzi bese ufafaza inhlabathi.
Ukuvumelana
Ngubani ohambisana ne-salvini cichlazoma? Ukuhambisana kwalezinhlobo zezinhlanzi kukhawulelwe, njengakwamanye ama-cichlids. ISalvini ayilungelanga kakhulu ukuhlala e-aquarium ejwayelekile. Omakhelwane babo abakwazi ukuba izinhlanzi ezincane - ama-guppies, ama-neon, ama-rappings noma ama-shrimps. Ama-cichlid angamadlozi azobona zonke izilwane ezincane njengokudla.
Ama-cichlid nawo futhi ayindawo, okusho ukuthi akhetha isiza sawo futhi asiqaphe ngesinono kwezinye izinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kubonwe njengabancintisanayo be-catfish be-catfish kanye namaqhude. Izokwazi ukuhlanganisa i-salvini ezihlotsheni zayo - ama-cichlid ama-striped amnyama, ama-maneguan, amnene.
Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi lapho izinhlanzi zikhula khona, kufanele kube lula ukwanda kwe-aquarium. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, lapho lo mbhangqwana uqapha ngokucophelela indawo yawo. Inani elikhulu lezindawo zokukhosela, isikhala sokubhukuda nokondla okuningi kuzosiza ukunciphisa ulaka.
Ukuzala
Ungayisusa kanjani i-salvini cichlazoma? Ukuzala kabusha kuqala lapho inhlanzi ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-10-12 izinyanga. Ngisho nasebusheni, kwakhiwa ngakabili. Ukunwebeka kungenzeka kokubili ekusakazeni nase-aquarium ejwayelekile, uma eyodwa isayizi eyanele.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka, lo mbhangqwana uba nolaka futhi ngasikhathi sinye unamahloni. Ukucindezela ngokweqile kungaholela ekufeni kwezingane nabazali. I-aquarium yamalitha ayi-100 yanele ukusatshalaliswa. Phansi kufanele kube nezindawo eziningi zokukhosela, ama-grottoes. Ukunwebeka kuvuselela ukushintshwa kwamanzi kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwama-degrees angama-2-4.
Etsheni elibushelelezi, insikazi imaka amaqanda angama-500, kuthi kuzovela izibungu ezinsukwini ezintathu. Fry zinikezwe uthuli bukhoma, i-brine shrimp nauplii, ishubhu elihlanganisiwe. E-aquarium ekhulayo, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngama-26 degrees impela. Abazali bangafakwa ejele. Uma ukukhiqizeka kwenzeka e-aquarium ejwayelekile, khona-ke abazali bayobheka inzalo.
ISalvini cichlazoma yinhlanzi enhle enokuziphatha okukhangayo nombala ogqamile. Udinga i-aquarium ebanzi enezindawo eziningi zokukhosela namanzi ahlanzekile. I-motley cichlazoma ibukeka ikahle ikakhulukazi uma isemuva kwama-grottoes amatshe kanye nohlaza oluhlaza okotshani.
Ukuphila endalweni
USalvini cichlazoma waqala wachazwa uGunther ngonyaka we-1862. Bahlala eCentral America, eningizimu yeMexico, eHonduras, eGuatemala. Zilethwa nasezifundeni zaseTexas, eFlorida.
AmaSalvini cichlomas ahlala emifuleni ngenkambo elinganiselayo neqinile, adla izinambuzane, ama-invertebrates nezinhlanzi.
Ngokungafani namanye ama-cichlid, ama-salvin asebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo ekuzingeleni ezindaweni ezivulekile zemifula kanye nezinkokhiso, futhi angahambi ogwini phakathi kwamatshe nezibi, njengezinye izinhlobo.
Ubunzima kokuqukethwe
ISalvini tsikhlazoma inganconywa ama-aquarists athuthukile, ngoba kuzoba nzima kubaqalayo.
Lezi izinhlanzi ezingazithobi kakhulu futhi zingahlala emanzini amancane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zibanga ezinye izinhlanzi. Zidinga nezinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi nokunakekelwa okufanele.
Ukwehluka kobulili
I-cachlazoma yesilisa yesalvini ihlukile kowesifazane ngobukhulu, inkulu kakhulu. Inamaphiko amade futhi abukhali.
Owesifazane mncane, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, unendawo ebonakalayo emnyama ngezansi kwesembozo se-gill, owesilisa engenayo.
Owesifazane (indawo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kuma-gill)
Umsoco
Kubhekiselwa ezinhlanzini ezi-carnivorous. Emvelweni, idla ama-invertebrates asemanzini nezinhlanzi ezincane. Kodwa-ke, ku-aquarium kuzothatha zonke izinhlobo ezidumile zokuphakelwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kudla kufanele kufakwe kwisisu ngokudla okubukhoma noma okubandayo, okufana nama-bloodworms noma ama-brine shrimp.
Ubukhulu obulungile be-aquarium ngephuzu elilodwa noma elilodwa lezinhlanzi liqala kusuka kumalitha ayi-100. Emklamo, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo eziyimfihlo eziningana lapho iSicvini's Cichlazoma ingafihla khona. Isendlalelo esijwayelekile sesihlabathi. Ukuba khona kwezitshalo zasemanzini kwamukelekile, kepha inani labo kufanele lilinganiselwe futhi livimbele ukukhula ngokweqile. Inhlanzi idinga izikhala zamahhala zokubhukuda.
Ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo kuncike ezicini eziningana, okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo yilokhu: ukugcina izimo ezinzile zamanzi nge-pH efanelekile kanye ne-dGH, ukugcinwa njalo kwe-aquarium (ukuyihlanze), kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwenxenye yamanzi masonto onke (20-25% yevolumu) okusha.
Isifo sezinhlanzi
Isizathu esikhulu sezifo eziningi yizimo ezingafanele nokudla okunekhwalithi okungekuhle. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, kufanele uhlole amapharamitha wamanzi kanye nobukhona bokugxila okuphezulu kwezinto eziyingozi (i-ammonia, ama-nitrites, ama-nitrate, njll.), Uma kunesidingo, buyisela izinkomba kokujwayelekile futhi kuphela bese uqhubeka nokwelashwa. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nokwelashwa, bheka isigaba se-Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Ukuzalela nokuzalela
Izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka. Inqubo yokukhiqiza kungenzeka kuphela phakathi kwalabo bantu abaye bakhetha njengabashadikazi “ebuntwaneni” babo. Ukuze uvuselele ukuqhekeka, kuyadingeka:
- Shintsha isigamu samanzi amahlandla ambalwa ngeviki,
- beka indawo ethokomele ethangini lapho i-caviar izogijimela khona,
- beka izindawo zokukhosela eziningi ku-aquarium.
Ngemuva kokuba insikazi ibekele amaqanda, owesilisa uyamfaka. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezintathu, kuthi emva kwalokho kuvela fry. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyisikhombisa badla i-nauplii, bese kuba ishubhu, eligezwe kahle futhi liqunywe. Njengoba ubona, ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi kuyinqubo elula.
Lapho nje abazali beqala ukukhombisa ulaka maqondana "nezingane", izingane kufanele ziboshwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi nowesilisa bahlala phansi izinsuku eziningana ukuze baphumule komunye nomunye. Into esemqoka ukungabambezeli isikhathi sokuphumula, ngoba abantu baqala ukukhubazeka ngaphandle komlingani wabo.
Izifo nokuvinjwa kwazo
AmaSalvini cichlomas asempilweni enhle. Isizathu esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene yizimo ezingafanele zokuboshwa. Ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokunakekela kuyindlela yokuvimbela eyinhloko yokuvela kwezifo ezithile. Uma isimo senhlanzi siba sibi, kufanele uhlole ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi uqhubeke nokwelashwa.