I-Argiope Brunnich | |||||||||
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Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
Ingqalasizinda: | Izicabucabu ze-Araneomorphic |
I-Superfamily: | I-Araneoidea |
Subfamily: | I-Argiopinae |
Buka: | I-Argiope Brunnich |
I-Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)
I-Argiope Brunnich , noma ispider wasp (lat. Argiope bruennichi) - uhlobo lwezicabucabu ze-araneomorphic. Kuyisitayela somndeni obanzi wesicabucabu esijikelezayo (Araneidae) Enye yezinto ehlukanisayo yaleli qembu yikhono lazo lokuxazulula ukusebenzisa ama-cobwebs ngemisinga yomoya ekhuphukayo. Lesi sici se-biology ngokwengxenye sinquma inani labantu bezindawo zasenyakatho nezinhlobo zaseningizimu.
Incazelo
Izicabucabu eziphakathi nendawo Ubude bomzimba besifazane bufika ku-1.5 cm, abesilisa bafinyelela ku-5 mm. Imilenze yinde futhi incane. Kubantu abadala, i-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa. Abesifazane banezisu ezisisazingi. Umdwebo we-dorsal wesisu ubukeka njengochungechunge lwemicu emnyama eshintshashintshayo emuva ophuzi ophuzi, ifana ne-wasp isisu ngaphandle. I-cephalothorax yi-silvery. Imilenze ilula, izindandatho ezibanzi ezimnyama. Abesilisa banombala we-nondescript. Isisu sabesilisa sincane, sincane i-beige ngombala ngemithende emibili emnyama yobude. Imilenze mide, inamasongo amnyama afiphele. Kuma-pedipalps ama bulabhu amakhulu avezwa - izitho zangasese zowesilisa.
Indawo
Ukubuka kwe-Palearctic, kuthambekele kunkemba yama-steppes kanye nogwadule. Sisatshalaliswa eNyakatho Afrika, eSouth and Central Europe, eCrimea, eCaucasus, eKazakhstan, e-Asia Minor, eCentral Asia, China, Korea, India naseJapan. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, umngcele osenyakatho wokusatshalaliswa ngokwemininingwane kusuka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1970. kudlule ngaku-52-53 ° s. w. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2003, imininingwane iye yatholwa ngokutholwa kwe-Argiope enyakatho yalolayini.
Sisatshalaliswa eRussia e-Orenburg, Bryansk, Orel, Lipetsk, Penza, Voronezh, Tambov, Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk, Saratov, ezifundeni zase-Astrakhan, eCrimea naseCaucasus, eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaqalwa eStavropol, eKrasnoyarsk Territories, eRyazan. Ngo-2015, yatholakala endaweni yaseRdeisky Reserve esifundeni saseNovgorod. Yatholwa okokuqala esifundeni saseKaluga ngo-Agasti 1999. Ngo-Agasti 2018 yatholakala eSamara, ngoJuni 2019 eSyzran (esifundeni Samara)
Incamela imayard, imigwaqo, imiphetho yamahlathi kanye nezinye izindawo ezivulekile elangeni, ithambekele ekutsheni okungaxakile. Ihlala ezihlahleni nezihlahla ezine-herbaceous.
Ibhayoloji
Njengezinye izicabucabu, ukufaka amanethi okuzingela ngesikhathi sokuhlwa, ukwakhiwa kuthatha cishe ihora. Inethiwekhi ye-cobweb inkulu, ibunjiwe ngamasondo. Enkabeni yenethiwekhi yomoya kutholakala ukuzinza - Imicu ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yenza iphethini ye-zigzag. Lesi yisici esehlukanisayo samanethiwekhi wezicabucabu eziningi ezijikelezayo. Ama-Argiopes okuqiniswa amabili, ahlukile ngesimo se-zigzag futhi akhiwe maqondana, ehlukana ukusuka enkabeni yenethiwekhi.
Abesifazane bavame ukuhlala enkabeni yenethiwekhi, imilenze isabalale ububanzi, kuyilapho imilenze yababili nabokuqala, kanye neyesithathu neyesine, imvamisa ihlanganiswa ukuze isicabucabu sibonakale sifana nencwadi u-X.
Bazondla nge-orthoptera nezinye izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kowesifazane, kuyilapho i-chelicea integument yakhe ihlala ithambile. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda kukhukhunathi omkhulu, obekwe eduze nethi yokudoba. I-cocoon ivikelwe ngowesifazane futhi ibukeka njengebhokisi lembewu yezitshalo. Izicabucabu zishiya ikhukhunathi ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba futhi zihlakazeka ngentshiseko emoyeni zisebenzisa i-cobwebs.
Ulwazi oluvamile
Isicabucabu esimphuzi esimnyama saqanjwa ngegama lesazi esidumile sezilwane saseDenmark esivela eDenmark Morten Brunnich. I-cephalothorax nesisu sesilwane kuxhunyiwe yi-septum emincane futhi kuhamba kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wesicabucabu se-aspen bufika ku-2,5 cm, uma kukhulunywa ngabesifazane. Abesilisa abadluli 1 cm ubude.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nhlobo umehluko ocacile phakathi kwabamele abobulili obuhlukile. Izinsikazi zihlala njalo zidlula ubukhulu besilisa, isisu sazo siyindilinga futhi siyashabalala. Emadodeni, umzimba uyindilinga eqhubekayo engapheli ngaphandle kokucaciswa okucacile kwekhanda nesisu.
I-arthropod ithole igama layo elingelona elenziwa kanye nokuqhathaniswa nezinambuzane ezaziwayo ngenxa yemivimbo eguqukayo emhlane wayo. Umbala wemivimbo umnyama, futhi atholakala kusizinda esikhanyayo sombala, oqinisekisa ukufana. Imilenze yesilwane ilula ngombala futhi inamathiphu amnyama. Owesifazane uhlala ebukeka egqamile kunowesilisa.
Kule vidiyo uzofunda ngesicabucabu se-wasp:
Umuntu futhi angahlukanisa owesilisa ngokubakhona kwamabhande angama-2-3, angaqhakaze kangako futhi atholakala ngemuva kwibala eliphuzi. Kwakuyizinsikazi ezazibizwa ngokuthi i-spider-wasp, ngoba owesilisa akabukeki kangako ngalesi sinambuzane.
Habitat
Isicabucabu se-argiope siyizinhlobo ezivame kahle. Ingatholakala emazweni amaningi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Afrika, eMelika, Korea naseChina. I-Argiope Brunnichus itholakala e-Indonesia nase-Asia Ephakathi. ISouthern and Central Europe, eCrimea, Kazakhstan nazo zicebile kulolu hlobo lwama-arachnids.
Ungahlangana nesicabucabu emazweni weCIS kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu
Ama-Arthropods ajabulile eRussia nasengxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Ukraine. Ukhetha isimo sezulu esipholile futhi akabekezeleli ukubanda, ngakho-ke kuleyo ngxenye yezwe lethu lapho kunomswakama futhi kubanda kakhulu khona, kuyivelakancane kakhulu.
Isicabucabu se-wasp sithande isikhathi esiningi elangeni. Kungakho indawo eliyithandayo iyindawo evulekile yama-glade, i-lawns kanye nezindawo emigwaqweni emikhulu. Isilwane sithanda ukubeka i-web ezitshalweni eziphansi ezikhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile.
Isici esijabulisayo sesilwane esinemibala ukuthi, ngenxa ye-web yayo ende neqinile, ingahamba amabanga amakhulu futhi ivumelane kalula nezimo ezintsha. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo zaseningizimu zingatholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu.
Izici zokuphila
I-arthropod emnyama nephuzi ayithandi isizungu, ngenxa yalokho, ihlala nezihlobo zayo eziseduze ngamaqembu abantu abangu-15-20. Lokhu kuzisiza ukuba zizingele inyamazane kanye nokukhulisa izingane. Ngemuva kokuba insikazi eyinhloko ephaketheni ikhethe indawo yokuhlala, ukuluka kuqala amakhefu okubamba izinambuzane.
Umongo wokuzingela kwesicabucabu se-wasp ukulinda inyamazane ukuthi ifinyelele kuwebhu
Ummeleli ngamunye womhlambi cishe imizuzu engama-60 uluka iwebhu ebanzi, ebonakala ngamandla nephethini enhle. Isici saso ukuthi ngisho nomgodi omncane kakhulu ngeke aphuthe inyamazane esevele yenethiwekhi.
Iwebhu futhi ibonakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenziwa ngamaphethini. Ngokusho kocwaningo, abantu abathile bayifaka ezingqimbeni eziningana ukuze ikhombisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet. I-glitter idonsela izinambuzane zezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, inikeze ikoloni ngokwanda kokudla. Ukuluka ngokuvamile kuqala ekushoneni kwelanga.
Uma le nqubo iphazamiseka, i-arthropod ishiya umsebenzi wayo, iphuthume ukumboza futhi ngemuva kokunyamalala kwesongo iqala ukwanda kwenye indawo. Ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi, lesi silwane sibekwa enkabeni yokuluka kwayo bese silindela inyamazane, ihlale ingashibanga amahora amaningi.
Ukudla kwe-Waspider Spider
Isicabucabu esinezintambo sithanda ukudla udleksi, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesikhonyane, futhi ukudla kwaso kufaka nomiyane, izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane ezivamile. Bangena inetha, emva kwalokho isilwane siqala isiko lokudla, okucishe kufane nokuqhathaniswa nezici zokudla okunempilo zezinye izicabucabu:
- Uma ingena inetha, lesi sinambuzane sizama ukuzikhulula.
- Ukuze inyamazane ingaphuli inetha, i-argiope iyaluma. Uma ulunywa, i-arthropod enobuthi nama-enzyme wokugaya angena ngaphakathi kwesinambuzane.
Ukwethulwa kwama-enzymes emzimbeni wesisulu kusebenze inqubo yokugaya i-viscera ngaphakathi kuyo.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iphethini eyingqayizivele ne-multi-layer yewebhu ivumela i-arthropod ukuthi ingashiywa ngaphandle kokudla, ngoba idonsela inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene phakathi nosuku. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuba izinambuzane eziningana ziboshwe kuwebhu, isilwane sishiya le ndawo futhi sigqoke esisha. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ungabesabisi izisulu ezingaba khona kumanethiwekhi amahle.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Argiope
Isikhathi sokuphila sale hlobo lwe-arthropod cishe izinyanga eziyishumi nambili. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuncibilika, owesilisa akwaziyo kusengaphambili. Inqubo yonke imi kanje:
- Owesilisa ulindela isikhathi sokuzalelana eduze kwendawo ye-web, ngokuvamile emaphethelweni ayo.
- Ngemuva kokuqala kokuncibilika, inqubo yokuzalelana iyenzeka, egcina ngokuba ngowesifazane edla owesilisa.
Inqubo yokudla owesilisa ngowesifazane ngemuva kokuzalelwa iyafana nohlobo lokuzalela kubafelokazi abamnyama
Ngemuva kokudla umlingani, insikazi ifaka ukhukhunathi kusuka kuwebhu, okuzoba yindawo yokuhlala yezizukulwane ezizayo. Njengomthetho, ngesinye isikhathi ubeka amaqanda angamakhulu ambalwa akukhokhonathi ngaphambi kokufunga. Umama uqapha ngenkuthalo inzalo futhi umshiya kuphela lapho esongelwa.
Ebusika, insikazi iyafakodwa i-cocoon iyasala, futhi kuvele izicabucabu entwasahlobo. Emva kwalokho, izingane zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, futhi yonke imjikelezo yokuphila iqala kabusha. Uma amaqanda abekwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, khona-ke inzalo ingakwazi ukuqandula ekuqaleni ekwindla. Izicabucabu zisakazeka ngosizo lomoya, odlulisela ama-cobwebs ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Lesi sinambuzane singokwes spider-weaver. Babonakala ngani? Ukuze babambe isisulu sabo, benza inetha lokudotshwa ngosayizi omkhulu kunalokho, eliyindilinga lisesimweni esijikeleze isikhungo somoya.
Agriope Brunnich
Le maphakathi ibonakala kahle emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, ngakho-ke iyathandeka ikakhulukazi ezinambuzaneni ezihlukahlukene. Ama-bugs nezimbungulu zimbona zivela kude, zihamba ngendlela engaqondile futhi zingena kuwebhu yesicabucabu.
Ukubukeka kwabo kufana kakhulu ne-zebra noma i-wasp, ngenxa yalokho I-Agriopa ibizwa ngokuthi i-spider-wasp. Isidumbu sesembozo simbozwe ngemichilo eshintshana emnyama nphuzi. Lesi sici sisebenza kwabesifazane kuphela.
Ama-agriopes wesilisa nondescript ngokuphelele futhi akukho okuhlukile, kuvame ukukhanya beige. Imicu emibili yamathoni amnyama ayibonakali emzimbeni wakhe. Isimemorphism simenyezelwe phakathi kobulili kuleli cala ebusweni. Ubude bomzimba wowesifazane busuka ku-15 baye ku-30 mm. Indoda yakhe incane kathathu.
Kwesinye isikhathi uyakwazi ukuzwa ukuthi zibizwa kanjani ngokuthi ama-tiger, spider spider. Onke amagama anikezwa yilawa ama-arachnids ngenxa yokufakwa kombala. Babukeka babahle ngamaqabunga esitshalo.
U-Agriope wabambelela
Ikhanda lesicabucabu limnyama. Kuyo yonke i-cephalothorax, izinwele ezibunjiwe zamathoni omlotha ziyabonakala. Imilenze yezinsikazi yinde ngombala omnyama ngombala ophuzi. Sekukonke, izicabucabu zinemilenze eyi-6, kanti ezi-4 zazo zisebenzisa zona ukuhambisa, umbhangqwana owodwa wokubamba isisulu, bese kuthi esinye sithinte yonke into ezungezile.
Ezithobeni zokuphefumula zesicabucabu, i-pair yamaphaphu nama-tracheas kungahlukaniswa. I-Agriope imnyama futhi iphuzi - Lesi ngesinye sezicabucabu eziningi kakhulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kabanzi kuyabonakala ezindaweni eziningi - athuthele amazwe aseNyakatho Afrika, e-Asia Minor naseCentral Asia, e-India, eChina, Korea, eJapan, e-USA, kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia naseCaucasus.
Ukuhamba kwezicabucabu kumasimu amasha kubonwe muva nje ngenxa yokushintsha kwezimo zezulu. Izindawo ezithandekayo I-Agriopes Brunnichi okuningi. Zithanda izikhala ezivulekile, ezihlukaniswe yilanga, amasimu, utshani, umgwaqo, imiphetho kanye namahlathi.
Ukuze uzingele isicabucabu, kufanele uhlele amanetha akho okuzingela. Wenza lokhu ezitshalweni ezinde kakhulu. Izicabucabu zazo zingathatha imijikelezo yomoya kuze kube nzima ukuthi izicabucabu zihambe amabanga amakhulu ngokwanele.
Ngakho-ke, abantu baseningizimu bathuthela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kufanelekile ukukhokha intela kuwebhu ye-Agriope. Kulokhu, isicabucabu siphelele. Amaphethini amabili abonwa kuwebhu, ahluka phakathi futhi atholakala maqondana nomunye. Lokhu kungafani kwakhe kuyisihibe sangempela sezisulu zesicabucabu.
Izicabucabu zingenza ubuhle obunjalo babumbeke ngesakhiwo esingajwayelekile sezingalo, esiqeshini sokugcina lapho kukhona izingwembe ezintathu ezilula ezinamabreyini afihlekile kanye nesihlungo esikhethekile ngesimo sesigcawu, esisuka ngamaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi avela kuwebhu.
Uma ubheka isithombe Agriope lobata ungakhomba insikazi masinyane, hhayi ngombala wayo okhethekile kuphela, kepha futhi nokuthi ivame ukuba maphakathi newebhu, imvamisa ibheke phansi, ifana nencwadi "X".
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Ukonga i-web yayo, isicabucabu Agriope Lobata empeleni likhetha isikhathi sokuhlwa. Ngokuvamile kumthatha cishe ihora ukwenza lokhu. Kaningi, iwebhu yayo ingabonakala phakathi kwezitshalo ezingaba ngu-30 cm ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Le arachnid iyazi kahle ingozi. Kulokhu, isicabucabu sishiya izithelo zemisebenzi yaso bese sicasha emhlabathini ngendiza.
Izicabucabu zivame ukudala amakoloni amancane lapho kungahlali khona abantu abangaphezulu kwama-20. Iwebhu yabo ingabanjiswa ngezitshalo eziningana zilandelana. Amasu anjalo akusiza ukuthi ubambe isisulu nakanjani. Ukulungiswa kwezintambo eziphambili kuyabonakala ezihlahleni. Amaseli wenethiwekhi mancane impela, ahlukile ebuhleni bephethini, ngokomqondo, lokhu kujwayelekile kuyo yonke imigwaqo ehlukahlukene.
Isicabucabu sisebenzisa cishe sonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala ekwenzeni i-web, noma silindele isisulu sayo. Imvamisa bahlala enkabeni yesicupho sabo se-cobweb noma engxenyeni engezansi yaso. Isikhathi sasekuseni nakusihlwa, kanye nesikhathi sasebusuku, siba ngalesi sikhathi sokuphumula se-arachnid. Wayenobuvila futhi engasebenzi ngaleso sikhathi.
Imvamisa abantu bayazibuza - Isicabucabu se-Agriope sinobuthi noma cha? Impendulo ihlala ikhala ngoyebo. Njengama-arachnids amaningi I-Agriope inobuthi. Ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo, ukulunywa kwakhe kungabulala.
Kepha abantu, ukufa emuva ukuluma womuntu I-Agriope ekusebenzeni akuzange kubonwe. Eqinisweni, i-arachnid ingaluma, ikakhulukazi insikazi. Kepha ubuthi bayo kubantu abunamandla kangako.
Esizeni sokulunywa, kuvela ububomvu nokuvuvukala; kwezinye izikhathi, le ndawo ingaba nokukindla. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ubuhlungu buyaphela, futhi isimila siyanyamalala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Isicabucabu siyingozi kubantu abahlushwa yimizwa yokuluma kwezinambuzane.
Ngokuvamile, lesi yisidalwa esizolile futhi esinokuthula, uma singathintwanga. Kuvele ukuthi abantu besifazane abalumi uma behleli kuwebhu lwabo. Kepha, uma uzibamba ngesandla, khona-ke ziyakwazi ukuluma.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi spider. Eziningi zazo zingabonakala kuma-terrariums. Isibonelo, kudume kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abasetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izidalwa ezingaziwa ekhaya. U-Agriope wabambelela noma I-Agriope lobata.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwizicabucabu siqala maphakathi nehlobo. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi, ukuzulazula kwesigcawu lapho ufuna owesifazane kuyaqala. Imvamisa bangena egumbini lokuphumula, bezama ukucasha. Isikhathi sokuzala siyingozi eyengeziwe kwabesilisa, abangase balahlekelwe imilenze ngisho nokuphila.
Into yokuthi ubudlova besifazane bukhuphuka ngemuva kokuvela kokuzala. Lesi sici asibonwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-Agriope. Phakathi kwabo kukhona labo abahlala nomunye kuze kuphele izinsuku zabo.
Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi ibekela amaqanda, ibenzele ikhukhunathi ebrawuni. Ukubonakala kwezicabucabu ezisencane kusuka kuyo kuyabonakala entwasahlobo elandelayo. Owesifazane uyafa ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo.
Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, kufanele kuphethwe ngokuthi u-Agriopa akayona ingozi enkulu kumuntu; akufanele aqothulwe emhlanganweni. Futhi, ungakhathazeki futhi ukhathazeke nge-web eyonakalisiwe ibanjwe ngengozi ngendlela yayo. Lama-arachnids angenza ubuciko obunjalo ngokwangempela ngehora, noma ngaphansi kwalokho.
Umsoco we-Agriope
Imvamisa, izintethe, izimpukane, omiyane baba yizisulu zemiqumbe etholakala kude nomhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe yisiphi isinambuzane esiwela ogibeni, isicabucabu siyosijabulela. Lapho nje isisulu sithinta imicu kasilika futhi sinamathela ngokuphephile kuyo, argiope isondele kuye imethule ubuthi. Ngemuva komthelela wayo, lesi sinambuzane siyayeka ukumelana, isicabucabu siwuphefumula ngesizotha ngesicoci esinyene sewebhu futhi ngokushesha siyidle.
Spider argiope lobata wenza umsebenzi wokufaka izicupho ezimweni eziningi kusihlwa. Inqubo yonke imthatha cishe ihora. Umphumela uba yi-web eyindilinga enkulu ebanzi, enkabeni yayo kukhona ukuqina (iphethini ye-zigzag, equkethe imicu ebonakalayo ebonakalayo).
Lokhu kunguphawu cishe lwazo zonke izindlela, kepha i-argiope igcwele lapha futhi - inethiwekhi yayo ihlotshiswe ukuqina. Baqala maphakathi nesicupho baphambukele emaphethelweni ayo.
Njengoba usuqedile umsebenzi, isicabucabu sigcina indawo yaso enkabeni, sihlela imilenze yaso ngendlela efanele - imilenze emibili yangakwesobunxele nemilenze emibili yangakwesobunxele, kanye nemilenze emibili yangakwesobunxele nemilenze emibili yangakwesobunxele eduze kangangokuba ungasithatha lesi sinambuzane kude nencwadi X ebambeke kuwebhu. Ukudla kweBrynnichi argiope yi-Orthoptera, kepha isicabucabu asideleli enye into.
Esithombeni, iwebhu yemifino ngokuqina
Ukuqiniswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-zigzag kukhombisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ngaleyo ndlela kubambe izisulu zesicabucabu. Ukudla ngokwako kuvame ukwenzeka emhlabathini, lapho isicabucabu sehlela khona, sishiya iwebhu, ukuze sidle endaweni eseceleni, ngaphandle kokubukela okungadingekile.
Siyini isicabucabu se-argiope?
Ngenxa yombala wayo, isicabucabu se-argiope siphethe amagama anjengokuthi:
Kodwa-ke, igama laso lokuzalwa yi- "Argiope Bruennich", isicabucabu esayithola ukuhlonipha iDane ngaphansi kwegama uMorten Trane Brunnich, owayephila emuva ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesishiyagalolunye futhi ngesinye isikhathi wayengusosayensi odumile emkhakheni we-zoology ne-mineralogy.
Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi ibukeka kanjani i-argiope esithombeni.
Izici zebhayoloji
Olimini olusemthethweni lwe-biological, i-argiope ingeyomndeni wesicabucabu esijikelezayo. Lo mndeni ubonakala ngokwenza inethi enkulu yokuzingela eyindilinga nge-spiral-like ukuzinza enkabeni. Le ngxenye yewebhu ibonakala kahle kwimisebe ye-ultraviolet, ehlukaniswa yizinambuzane eziningi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuzinza kuyathandeka kakhulu ezinambuzaneni nasezinambwini okuhlukahlukene.
Siza! Ukuzinza - imicu yewebhu yakha iphethini ye-zigzag.
Ukubukeka
Ngokusho kwencazelo, isicabucabu se-argiope ngempela sifana ne-wasp noma i-zebra. Emzimbeni we-arthropod, ukushintshaniswa kwemivimbo emnyama nphuzi kuvezwe ngokucacile, noma kunjalo, lokhu kuhambisana nabesifazane kuphela. Abesilisa balolu hlobo bancane futhi bangama-nondescript.
Kwizicabucabu ze-argiope yaseBrunnich, i-dimorphism ebonakalayo iyabonakala. Owesifazane unesayizi womzimba ongamamilimitha angama-15-30 ubude, kanti i-argiope yesilisa ifinyelela kancane kwesigamu samasentimitha.
Indlela yokuphila
I-colony ejwayelekile ye-argiop ihlala emahlathini noma emasimini. lapho kuneminyaka enkulu yabangaba yizisulu zokuhlaselwa. Ubukhulu bendawo eyodwa buvame cishe kube yizicabucabu eziyishumi nambili.
Isicabucabu esiphuzi sigqoka iwebhu yaso kusihlwa kusihlwa. Akachithi isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elilodwa ekwakheni isicupho sakhe. Ngemuva kokuthi i-web isokiwe, umnikazi wayo ubekwa enkabeni yenethiwekhi futhi, njengoba esethathe uhlobo lwencwadi ethi "X", ulindele ukuba ohlukunyeziwe.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inethiwekhi yokuzingela ama-argiopes mihle kakhulu, ihlukaniswa ubukhona besimo esijikeleziwe esimile namaseli amancane lapho ngisho nomiyane omncane kunabo bonke abangena kuwo.
Ngabe ama-argiopes ayaluma?
Kunesigaba sabantu okudingeka sibeke isandla sabo endaweni ethile: ku-anthill, esidlekeni sezinyosi noma esidlekeni sophondo. Amaqhawe anelukuluku awabuzi imibuzo mayelana nokuthi abanye abamele i-fauna bite, bangakwazi ukuzwa yonke into esikhunjeni sabo.
Okwesele, sikwazisa ukuthi uma ufaka isandla kuwebhu, ngamabomu noma ngephutha, isicabucabu sizosheshe siphendule futhi sikulume. Ukulunywa yi-argiope kubuhlungu impela futhi kuqhathaniswa nenyosi noma uphondo. Iqiniso ngukuthi isicabucabu se-aspen sinemihlathi eqinile, futhi siyakwazi ukujulisa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhohlwa ubuthi bayo.
Abantu abaningi babuza ukuthi i-argiope yaseBrunnich inobuthi noma cha. Vele unobuthi, ngoba ngobuthi bawo ubulala izisulu zawo. Enye into ukuthi ezimweni eziningi kubantu lobu buthi empeleni abubi yingozi.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngokungakhathali kwesicabucabu ngenani lokuphendula lingase lihluka. Iningi labadala linokugcwala okuncane kwesikhumba ngakuyo indawo elunywe kuyo, okunyamalala ngemuva kwehora noma amabili futhi kungakhanyi. Kwezinye izimo, ukuba bomvu nokuvuvukala kungancipha kuphela ngemuva kosuku, futhi indawo elulwayo imnandi kakhulu.
Enye into ukuthi uma isicabucabu silume ingane noma umuntu othanda ukwanda kwe-allergen ebuhlungu besicabucabu noma iqiniso lokulunywa. Kulokhu, kungahle kube nezimpawu eziyingozi more:
- ukudumba okukhulu kokulunywa,
- ukukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba kuya kuma-40-41 degrees,
- isicanucanu,
- isiyezi.
Kulokhu, kunjalo, udinga ukuphazamisa ukuhamba ngokushesha bese uthintana nesikhungo sezokwelapha esiseduze noma ukufakwa okuphuthumayo, lapho umuntu ezohlinzekwa khona usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo.
Ukunaka! Ukuphendula komzimba lapho ulunywa kungabikwa. Ungabi budedengu maqondana nempilo yakho.
Kwethulwa ividiyo yokuthi isicabucabu se-argiope simunca kanjani isisulu saso. Enkabeni yewebhu, ukuzinza kubonakala ngokucacile:
I-Argiope - isicabucabu esimnyama nesiphuzi
Emithonjeni ehlukahlukene bekukhona amagama esidlaliso anjenge- “spider-wasp”, “spider-zebra” kanye ne- “spider-tiger”.
Isicabucabu argiope - enye yama-arthropods amahle kakhulu atholakala ezinhlinini zethu. Ngokuya ngokuheha, kuqhathaniswa nayo, ngaphandle kokuthi i-spiderbug, kepha eyokugcina iyizinhlobo ezingandile, kepha i-argiope ihlala yonke indawo.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, ngiqale ukuhlangana naye hhayi ngasekhaya, kepha kude kakhulu esifundeni saseVoronezh ngaphansi kwezimo ezimangazayo: kwavela isicabucabu se-argiope phambi kwami kulo lonke ubukhazikhazi obumnyama nobaphuzi lapho ngidonsela ibhayisekili lami emthambekeni wesigodi eduze kwalapho Don River. Kuyiqiniso, ibhayisekili lashiywa ngokushesha, futhi ikhamera yathathwa, kepha isithombe sokuchoma esisebenza ngenethiwekhi asisebenzi: kwakuse kusihlwa, futhi abahambi esikanye nabo babephuthuma, ngakho lapha:
Wabuya ekhaya eqhosha. Ngicabanga, bathi, ini akuvamile futhi okwehlukile Ngabamba isicabucabu ngasithatha izithombe. Futhi-ke kuvela ukuthi umzuzwana ngamunye wabangane bami wabona izicabucabu ezinje, futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule umalume wami (engadini yethu!) Wayehlala ngokuthula i-argiope esihlahleni se-peony ehlobo lonke!
Hhayi, izingoma ezanele, ake sithole amaqiniso ...
Isicabucabu esimnyama-nophuzi noma isigaxa esimnyama: kubukeka kanjani, noma ukulunywa kwabo kunobuthi, usizo lokuqala
Izicabucabu ziyizidalwa ezesabekayo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanombala onsundu omnyama nophuzi. Uma isicabucabu esinsundu esifuywayo siyinto ejwayelekile futhi ukubonakala kwaso akubangeli ukwesaba okukhulu, kepha ama-arthropods anemivimbo ephuzi nomnyama esiswini sawo angamangala futhi azindle uma lokhu kuyizilwane ezimele.
Akubona abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi ziyini izicabucabu ezimibalabala, ukuthi zidlani nokuthi zingalimaza, kepha lokhu akushintshi lokho okuhlangana ngombono okhanyayo, wonke umuntu angakwazi.
Isicabucabu esijwayelekile endaweni yakithi futhi kungcono ukuthi uzijwayeze izici zale arthropod kusengaphambili ngentuthuko yakho futhi uqonde ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani emhlanganweni nazo.
Isicabucabu esimnyama nesiphuzi noma isigaxa - incazelo
Uhlobo lwe-Argiope lunezinhlobo ezingama-80, okubalwa ngazo umbala omnyama nophuzi, ongowomndeni wesicabucabu ojikelezayo. E-Russia, ngeke kusebenze ukuhlangana nazo zonke lezi zinhlobo, kepha u-Argiope Brunnich uvame ukubamba iso labaseRussia.
Owesilisa wesicabucabu esinjalo ufinyelela kubukhulu obungu-2,5-3 cm ubude, uma ubala amalunga. Izinsikazi zinamapharamitha amakhulu, ngakho-ke, zihlala zedlula usayizi wabesilisa ngezikhathi ezi-4-5. I-cephalothorax ka-Agriopa imbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane, ezimfishane, ezi-silvery.
Isilwane sibukeka sengathi sinamabala ngombala futhi sinesisu esidala, ngakho-ke, okukude impela kungenzeka ukuthi ubadide. Izicabucabu zinemilenze emide enamabhandethi amnyama.
Lezi zici zobuntu zinqunywa yi-Agriop:
- Umbala wesisu ku-spider unemivimbo ephuzi nomnyama nomhlophe ohlangana ngokuhlangana. Izicabucabu ezinjalo zibhekwa njengezisulu ezidambisa izisulu ngosizo lobuthi.
- Iwebhu eye yaluka i-arthropods kuthiwa ibukeka ngokuvela kwemisebe, abamele yona yohlobo lwe-genus baluka i-engela ukuze isisulu singaphunyuki ngqo.
- Ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi idla umlingani.
Uhlala kuphi?
Ungahlangana nesicabucabu esikhanyayo kangako ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziphansi kanye ne-steppe, njengoba izitha zithanda uthando olufudumele. Yize muva nje, kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia, bekufanele afunde ukuthatha izimpande, ngakho-ke ungabona isicabucabu sezinyosi enhlokodolobha.
Isilwane sithanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezinoxhaxha noma emafutheni otshani atholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile nezikhanyayo kahle zamapaki noma imibhede yezimbali.
Ngabe ama-argiopes aluma nini?
Yize isicabucabu se-wasp sinobuthi obukhulu, ukulimaza kwayo abantu kuncane. Abantu bethusa ama-agriopes, ngoba ama-arthropods abona ingozi kumuntu. Isikhumba somuntu sesicabucabu esinje sikhulu kakhulu futhi asinakusiluma. Ngokunokwenzeka, lapho ehlangana nomzingeli, uzobaleka noma enze sengathi washona kudala.
Kepha, uma uthinta isilwane ngezandla zakho, nakanjani siyaluma, okuzobuhlungu.
Ukhathele ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane?
Ezweni noma emaflethini amaflethi, amagundane noma ezinye izinambuzane ziyakhula? Udinga ukulwa nabo! Bangabathwali bezifo ezinkulu: i-salmonellosis, amarabi.
Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zibhekene nezinambuzane ezilimaza isivuno futhi zilimaze nezitshalo.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, abafundi bethu batusa ukusebenzisa okusungulwayo kwakamuva - umphangi ophansi wePest.
Inezakhiwo ezilandelayo:
- Ikhulula omiyane, amaphela, izinduku, izintuthwane, izimbungulu
- Iphephile izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo
- Izinhlungu zinikwe amandla, akukho kuphinda kwakhiwe kudingekayo
- Awukho umphumela omlutha ezinambuzaneni
- Indawo enkulu yedivayisi
Usizo lokuqala lokulunywa
Uma isicabucabu sisalunywa, ukwethuka akusifanele, kepha ukungasebenzi nakho kungalimaza.
Izincomo zezenzo ezinokulunywa:
- Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ngukubulala amagciwane isiza sokuluma. Sula indawo ethintekile ngoboya bekotini obudakayo. Uma kungenabo utshwala, ungasebenzisa isisombululo ngosawoti noma ugeze kahle indawo edingekayo ngensipho yokuwasha.
- Ungenza i-compress futhi ufake okuthile okubandayo ukuluma, ubambe ucezu lweqhwa endaweni elimele.
- Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe agwinye ngokushesha i-antihistamine.
- I-Bitten kumele iphuze amanzi ngobukhulu.
Uma isiguli sinezimpawu zokungaphenduki komzimba, kufanele ushayele i-ambulensi ngokushesha.
Kungcono ukugcina i-argiope belnichia ku-terrarium ekhethekile, enobukhulu okungenani amasentimitha angama-20x30 nokuphakama okungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20. Isembozo sendlu enjalo kufanele sibe yimisebe, ukuze umhlaseli abe nokuthile akuphefumulayo.
Isendlalelo sokugcwalisa singaba ngumhlaba ojwayelekile noma ifilimu ekhethekile kakhukhunathi yama-arachnids. Ukuhlelela izindlu zesicabucabu ezintofontofo, ungabeka amagatsha omvini owomile ngaphakathi kwethrearium ukuze isicabucabu sikwazi ukwehlisa izicubu zewebhu ngokuzithoba.
Isicabucabu se-Wasp sidinga ukuhlinzekwa ngokushisa kwegumbi kanye nomswakama onesizotha, ngoba okweqile kungambulala. Umdlwenguli udliwa okungenani amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku, mhlawumbe ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Njengokudla kwesilwane "sesilwane" kungcono ukukhetha ukudla okhethekile kusuka kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane, kungcono ukwenqaba izinambuzane ezijwayelekile.
E-terrarium udinga ukubeka isitsha esincane ngamanzi, singasebenza njengesembozo esivamile nebhodlela lepulasitiki. Njalo ngesonto, i-filler ephezulu idinga ukushintshwa, njengoba ummeleli we-arthropod ethanda ukuhlanzeka.
Ingozi ebantwini
Ngokusho kososayensi, ubuthi obuvezwa yisicabucabu ngesikhathi sokuluma bungeke bulimaze umuntu. Isebenza njengendlela yokuvikela futhi iyingozi kuphela ezinambuzaneni ezihlafunwa yi-argiope Brunnich.
Ukulunywa kwalesi spider akuyona ingozi empilweni, kepha kubangela ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside
Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi i-arthropod ngeke ilume umuntu ngamabomu noma ngephutha azama ukuyicosha futhi ayihlehlisele iwebhu. Ukulunywa kuqhathaniswa ne-uphondo ngesimo sobuhlungu ngenxa yemihlathi eqinile ye-arachnid kanye nokungenisa kobuthi ngaphansi kwesikhumba somuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlungu ziphela ngemuva kwamahora angama-1-2.
Indawo ethambile nokuvuvukala ingahle ibe khona endaweni yokuluma. Ukusabela komzimba kuncike ekuqageleni kokuphendula komzimba kanye nesimo sesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ukulunywa ngabantu ngokungadli maqondana nobuhlungu besinambuzane., kanye nasezinganeni ezincane ezingaguli.
Isicabucabu asikwazi ukubangela ukufa komuntu, kepha uma ukulunywa kakhulu, ukuvutha, ukuvuvukala kanye ne-hyperemia kwenzeka endaweni yokulimala, kunconyelwa ukubonana nochwepheshe. Lokhu kudingekile ikakhulukazi uma isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu, noma ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi kujoyina izimpawu.
I-Argiope Brunnich - arachnid ngombala ohlukile nendlela yokuphila. Uma uhlala buqhelelene namanethiwekhi ayo futhi ungazami ukulimaza, isicabucabu siyingozi empilweni yomuntu nasempilweni.