Inhlanzi ebomvu ethandwa kakhulu eRussia, esetshenziselwa usawoti nokubhaka, isalmon, i-pink salmon, i-salmon, i-salmon, i-salmon ne-coho salmon. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sabo, i-sim ihlala kancane - inhlanzi, ethi, njengayo yonke eminye, ibhekisela ezintweni zokudoba eziwusizo. Inokunambitheka okubucayi, kupheka ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi okuqukethwe kwamavithamini namaminerali anempilo akukuphansi kwezinye izinhlanzi ezibomvu.
Inani lokudla okunempilo nokuqukethwe kwekhalori
I-Sima iyinhlobo yezinhlanzi ezibomvu, futhi ngezakhi zayo ezizuzisayo ingaqhathaniswa ne-salmon ne-trout. Inama-acid angenamafutha i-Omega-3 ne-Omega-6, evimbela ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis, ama-amino acid avikela umdlavuza nesifo sikashukela, i-selenium - uvithamini onika ukubambezeleka kokuguga futhi unikeze isikhathi eside.
Nambitha ikhwalithi yezinhlanzi
I-Sima yinhlanzi ethambile, ukunambitheka kwayo kukhethekile. Udinga ukukupheka masisha, uma uphuthelwa yisikhathi, kuzokoma futhi komiswe ukulahleka kwawo kokuzalwa.
Ukunambitheka okuthakazelisayo kutholakala ngama-sims anosawoti. Kumasemishi, ifana kakhulu ne-caviar ye-skeon ye-sockeye noma enye inhlanzi ebomvu. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa kakhulu i-sim inosawoti, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho ibhakwe ku-foil noma kuthosiwe ku-batter. Futhi kule nhlanzi kutholakala indlebe emnandi kakhulu, enamafutha apinki, a-translucent ngaphezulu.
Sima: ungapheka kanjani kuhhavini nasepanini
I-Juicy sim itholakala ngokubhaka kuhhavini (ku-foil). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa noma yimiphi imifino, kepha kungcono ukuthatha utamatisi ne-zucchini. Ijusi yemifino izogcwele inyama yeSima, futhi ukunambitheka kwayo kuzoba ithenda ngokwengeziwe.
Sika izinhlanzi zibe ngamawele, u-2,5 cm obukhulu, ufafaze ujusi kalamula bese uthumela esiqandisini sokukha amanzi okungenani ihora. Ngalesi sikhathi, usike i-zucchini notamatisi ube ngamasongo amancane, bese usabalalisa ngokulinganayo ekhasini ngalinye le-foil. Beka ama-steaks ngaphezulu. Usawoti, upelepele, ukugoqa bese uthumela kuhhavini usuvele wamadigri angama-200 imizuzu engama-30.
USim othosiwe uphenduka omile kwabaningi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthumela inhlanzi epanini, kufanele ibhalwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngo-1 kg wesim, osikiwe izingcezu ezihlukaniselwe, uzodinga: i-250 ml yobisi (amanzi abilisiwe), usawoti, upelepele, udayi owomile, amaconsi ama-2-3 we-apple cider uviniga (iwayini lingaba), ama-clove ayi-2 kagalikhi (afakwe kumshini wokucindezela). Lungisa i-marinade kusuka kuzithako, ugcwalise ngezinhlanzi bese ushiya endaweni yokushisa yasendlini amahora ambalwa.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, i-sim ikhishwa ku-marinade. Ngaphandle kokususa i-dill noma i-garlic esiqeshini, gingqa izinhlanzi ngofulawa bese uthumela epanini lokuthosa elishisayo nebhotela. Fry kuze kube nsundu yegolide ezinhlangothini zombili. I-Sima (inhlanzi) inomuncu kakhulu, kepha ngemuva kwe-marinade enobisi, ukunambitheka kwayo kuthambile. Pheka epanini ngaphandle kwesivalo.
Ungasawoti kanjani inhlanzi yama-sim ngamahora ayi-12
Izinhlanzi ezibomvu (kufaka phakathi i-sim) zigcina izindawo zazo eziwusizo zigcwele kuphela ngosawoti kasawoti. Zonke ezinye izindlela zokuwusebenzisa azincanyelwanga kangako.
Ukuze i-sim - inhlanzi, isithombe sayo kuvezwe ngenhla - ukupheka ngokushesha, izihlungi zayo zisikwa zingabi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm.Ukusawoti, usawoti kanye noshukela kusetshenziswa isilinganiso 1: 1. Inani eliqondile lezinongo lincike kwisisindo senhlanzi.
Indlebe uSima
Isitsha sokuqala, esilungiselelwe ukubanjwa kwamaSim ngabadobi, siyindlebe. Kukholakala ukuthi uvela esimweni esihle somndeni womndeni we-salmon.
Izithako zesobho zifaka imikhiqizo enjalo (ngamalitha ama-2 amanzi): amazambane - u-700 g, u-anyanisi kanye izaqathi, ugalikhi, ulamula, dill, usawoti, pepper, sim. Amaresiphi okupheka isobho lenhlanzi avela kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kuleli cala awalungile ngokuphelele, ahlotshaniswa nokunambitheka kwenyama okubucayi. Uma uyifaka epanini okungenani imizuzu embalwa ngaphambili, izinhlanzi ziyoqhekeka.
Itholakala kuphi iSim fish?
ISima ihlala kuphela amanzi asogwini lwase-Asia oLwandle iPacific - ukusuka eMfuleni i-Amur kuya eTumen-ula. Itholakala ikakhulu esitsheni soLwandle lwaseJapan. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezimbili zale nhlanzi - ezifudukayo nezokuhlala.
Ukuhlolwa kungatholakala:
- eSakhalin
- eJapan
- e-Kuril Islands
- emifuleni yePrimorye,
- eningizimu yeKamchatka (ngamanani amancane futhi ngenkathi yokukhwelana kuphela),
- eBusan
- emfuleni wenkungu.
Indawo yokuhlala uSim ayikuthandisisi ikakhulukazi amanzi olwandle, uncamela ukuhlala emifuleni. Mncane kakhulu kunabalingani abasebenza nabo olwandle nokuphila:
- eJapan
- eTaiwan
- eSakhalin
- e-Primorye,
- E-Khabarovsk Territory.
I-Sima fish roe
Umkhankaso wokusabalalisa ama-Sims uqala ngo-Ephreli futhi uqhubeka kuze kube yingxenye yokuqala kaJulayi. ECamchatka, ingadonsela kuze kuphele uJulayi. I-Sim ikhetha indawo yomhlabathi wayo odlubulundayo ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zemifula nemifudlana ebanzi engena kuyo. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zedivayisi yesokisi yilezi:
- obuthakathaka njengamanje
- ukuba khona kwendawo enamadwala noma ebunjiwe.
Lapho nje i-sim ifika endaweni efanele, iqhubeka ngqo ekunwebeni, okuqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni ekwindla. Emva kokuba uSimoni ebelethe inzalo, uyafa.
I-Caviar yale nhlanzi ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kwangempela. Kakhulu kuyasawoti. Intengo ngekhilogremu eyodwa ye-sima caviar isukela kuma-ruble ayi-5,000 ngekhilogremu.
Izici eziwusizo zezinhlanzi ze-sim
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-sim kuphansi - ngama-208 kilocalories kuphela ngama-gramu ayi-100 womkhiqizo, kepha kuqukethe amafutha amaningi namaprotheni, sibonga lapho inhlanzi ithola ukunambitheka okuhlukile. Noma yisiphi isidlo se-sima sizobaluleka etafuleni labasubathi kanye nabadli.
Phakathi kwezakhiwo eziwusizo zale nhlanzi, ngingathanda ukuqaphela kuqala:
- ukuba khona kwe-Omega-3 ne-Omega-6 acid, angavumeli ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis,
- ukuba khona kwama-amino acid avikela umzimba ku-oncology nesifo sikashukela,
- Inyama ye-Sima iqukethe i-Vitamin Selenium engavamile, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungahle kudambise ukuguga futhi kunikeze iminyaka embalwa eyengeziwe yokuphila.
Ungapheka kanjani sim
Ngokuyisisekelo, konke ukubanjwa kwe-sim (cishe izingxenye ezintathu) kuyasawoti futhi kubheme. Ikota eyodwa esele iye ezitolo emashalofini afakwe isidumbu sonke noma njengemikhiqizo eseqediwe. Futhi, i-balyk nokudla okusemathinini kwenziwa nge-sim. Bheka futhi: Ungawusawoti kanjani usawoti we-salmon caviar
Imikhiqizo eqandisiwe nesimaqedile evela kuyo ithosiwe epanini noma emlilweni ovulekile (izoso, isoso), abilisiwe, abhakwe kuhhavini, njll. Ukuze i-sim ingaphumi yomile, kufanele ifakwe imar ngaphambi kokuthambisa, bese uyapheka ngokushesha, ungayivezi ngomlilo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-sim ingalahlekelwa yi-juiciness yayo, futhi ngayo ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele.
I-Sims Salting Recipe
Kunendlela esheshayo yokwakha usawoti ama-sim, ethatha amahora angadluli kwayi-12.
- Inhlanzi inqunywa izingcezu akukho okuwedlula 1 cm,
- Ifakwe esitsheni sengilazi,
- Kuthelwe ngengxube kashukela nosawoti (1: 1),
- Imbozwe ngokuqinile ngesivalo bese yathunyelwa esiqandisini.
- Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12, inhlanzi isilungele ngokuphelele ukudla.
ISIHLOKO SOKUFUNDA
Izinhlanzi ezifudukayo zaseSima: zihlala olwandle, zizalela imifula. EJapan bakha ifomu lokuhlala emifuleni nasemachibini. Zimila kube kanye empilweni, emva kwalokho ziyafa.
Kwenzeka e-Amur kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti, esifundeni sasePosyetsky - ngoSepthemba, eJapan - ngoSepthemba - Okthoba. Ukunwebeka kwenzeka ngokushisa okungu-7-12 °, emhlabathini omncane wamatshe lapho amaqanda angcwatshwa kuwo.
Ukuzala amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,4-5,2, isilinganiso samaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-3,2.
I-Caviar, njengawo wonke ama-salmon, ingaphansi. Amajaha ahlala emfuleni isikhathi esingangonyaka, afinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10, kwesinye isikhathi ama-cm angama-18. AmaJeeliles walesi size anemivimbo emikhulu emide engu-7-11 emnyama emaceleni omzimba.
I-Sima ifinyelela ubude obungu-71 cm nesisindo sama-9 kg.
Amasayizi wezinhlanzi zokudoba ze-Sim ahlukile ezindaweni ezihlukile. Esifundeni i-Posyetsky, ubude buyi-52-68 cm, ngokwesilinganiso ama-61 cm, isisindo esingu-4 kg, emfuleni. I-Cumin igeleza kuyi-Tatar Strait, ubude bufika ku-71 cm nobunzima bufika ku-9 kg (phakathi: ubude 60-63 cm, isisindo 4-5,5 kg), ezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula i-Amur 46-67 cm, isisindo esingu-54-57 cm, isisindo -1.6-3.2 kg, isilinganiso esingu-2.3 kg.
Ifomu lokuhlala lamanzi ahlanzekileko we-Sim lifinyelela kubude obungama-28 cm kuphela. Ngokuvamile uSim uvuthwa okwesithathu, okuvamisile ukwenzeka onyakeni wesine wokuphila. Ama-Male Sims ahlala emfuleni afinyelela ekuthangeni sekuvele kubude be-18 cm.
ISima yinyamazane, njengamanye ama-salmon asePacific.
Ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Oncorhynchus yi-pink salmon nezinye.
I-Sima yisaloni yokuqala efudukayo ukungena e-Amur ngemuva kokuyivula, eminyakeni ethile kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, imvamisa ukusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Njenge-salmon epinki, futhi ngokungafani ne-salmon ye-chum, iya e-Amur ukusuka eningizimu, ukusuka oLwandle lwaseJapan. Ukuphakama kwezifundo ezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula i-Amur maphakathi noJulayi, ukuphela - ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
E-Amur, ama-specimens awodwa akhuphuka ngamakhilomitha angama-300-400 ngenhla kweNikolaevsk. Amajaha angena olwandle eneminyaka engaba unyaka noma ngaphezulu.
Ukudoba SIMA
ISima ivinjelwa kuphela eRussia, Korea naseJapan. Ukudotshwa kwamaJapan kwafika kuma-292 000 zikhulu ngonyaka we-1915 (ngonyaka we-1923 ukuya ku-1925 azangeqe ku-126 izinkulungwane zezikhulu, kwathi ngo-1936 kuya ku-1925 kwehlela kwabayikhulu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-100), ngobuningi obukhulu obuvunwe buvela eHokkaido. EKorea, ukubanjwa kufinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-8- 26 (1936-1939).
Emanzini aseRussia, i-sim iyimbalwa ngenani, kanti ukubanjwa kwayo bekungamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha nesishiyagalombili (1936-1939), ukubanjwa okukhulu kunakho konke emfuleni. Tumnin, kuqhubeke ku-pp. Imayini, Botchi, Samarga. ISima yisihloko sokuzalela okwenziwe ngobuciko.
Amasu kanye nenkambo yokudoba
I-sim ibanjwa phakathi nenethiwekhi engaguquki neyokuphonsa (eJapan nayo ngamanetha e-gill).
Amakota amathathu okubanjwa aphelele aphathwa nge-salting ephakathi noma eqinile, kwesinye isikhathi elandelwa ukubhema okubandayo. Ingxenye yokubamba ihamba ngo-ayisikhilimu emakethe.
Ngezinga elincane elisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-balyk. ICaviar inosawoti.
Incazelo
I-Sima ifana ne-coho salmon, kepha inemishayo ye-anal fin ne-transverse emnyama emaceleni omzimba, noma inhlanzi endala. Kuma-spawning ngamanye, alu-raspberry. Emgqonyeni we-dorsal III-IV (V) 10-13, kuma-anal III-IV 11-14 (15) (imvamisa engu-12), gill stamens 18-22, gill rays 11-15, appendages pyloric 35-76, vertebrae 63 -64 (imvamisa 63), 66. Isikali sikhulu ngokulingana, emugqeni we-lateral 130-140.
Owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokobulili unemihlathi ebunjiwe. Umzimba we-sim uvame ukuphakama kakhulu, ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-28 kuye ku-31% wobude bomzimba. I-hump enkulu ikhula emadodeni ngesikhathi sokuhluma, futhi zibonakala ziphakeme kakhulu kulokhu. Umhlathi ongaphezulu uyanwebeka futhi ugoba ngesibambo. Amazinyo amakhulu akhula emihlathini.
Umbala
Olwandle, umbala uyisiliva. Ngisho nasezinhlanzini ezindala, imivimbo emikhulu eshintshayo igcinwa emzimbeni, ingamatshumi ayisishiyagalombili nantathu, lapho abantu bangena emfuleni bangamakhanda amancane, lapho kumnyama kubomvu, emadodeni kuvame ukugqama ukwedlula kwabesifazane. Emuva kunezindawo ezincane eziyindilinga ezimnyama. Phansi kwezindawo ezimnyama ze-dorsal fin 3. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala amnyama amnyama ku-dorsal, caudal kanye ne-adipose fins. Ingaphezulu le-anal fin ne-lobe engezansi ye-caudal ibomvu. Njengoba sesifinyelele emabangeni asabekayo, insikazi ishintsha kakhulu ngombala nangesimo. Umbala we-silvery ngisho umbala uphenduka umhlophe.
Ubukhulu be-Sims nesisindo
Ubude bomhlathi ongenhla kwabesilisa bungu-14.9-17.1, kwabesifazane abango-12,6-13.2% ubude bomzimba (kuze kube sekupheleni kwemisebe ephakathi C). Ububanzi beso buncipha kakhulu ngeminyaka: kubantu abasha (kufika ku-200 mm) bungama-20-30% ubude bekhanda, kuthi kubantu abadala kwehle cishe ku-10%. Izinsana ezinhlangothini zomzimba zinezindawo ezinamabala a-6 - 11 amnyama, ezithombeni zamachaphaza nakuma-caudal akukho amabala, nxazonke komfundi kukhona amabala amnyama ama-1 - 4.
Ubude (kuze kube sekupheleni kwemisebe ephakathi C) yamadoda amadala asuka emfuleni. I-Tumnin (igeleza ku-Tatar Strait) ngesilinganiso esingu-63 cm (esiphezulu ngama-71 cm), isisindo ngokwesilinganiso esingu-5.5 kg (esiphezulu esingu-9.0 kg), abesifazane ngokwesilinganiso esingu-60.5 cm (isilinganiselo esingu-67 cm), isisindo ngokwesilinganiso esingu-4, 0 kg (esiphezulu esingu-6.0 kg). Esifundeni sasePosyetsky (eduze nomngcele: ngeKorea) kubanjwa futhi i-sim enkulu: izinsikazi zingama-52-68 cm. Ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Amur, amasayizi mancane: abesilisa abango-46-67 cm, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-56,8 cm, isisindo esingu-1,8-3.2 kg, ngokwesilinganiso 2.3 kg, abesifazane 47-62 cm, isilinganiso esingu-54,4 cm, isisindo esingu-1,6,1 kg, isilinganiso esingu-2.3 kg.
Ukubhebhetheka
Izindlela zokudlula nezamanzi amnandi asesigodini sasePacific, ezihlala ogwini lwase-Asia kuphela ukusuka enhlonhlo yaseKorea naseJapan (Hokkaido naseHonshu) ziye e-Amur, eSakhalin nasogwini olusentshonalanga lweKamchatka. Ifomu lokuhlala lethulwa emachibini nasemifuleni, kufaka phakathi iTaiwan kanye nesiQhingi saseRyukyu, esiQondweni SaseKorea naseJapan.
Indlela yokuphila
Ngemuva kokuvulwa kwe-Amur Sim, owokuqala wesalmon yesigaba ungena emfuleni - eminye iminyaka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngokuvamile ukusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Njengama-salmon apinki, futhi ngokungafani ne-salmon ye-chum, ingena e-Amur isuka eningizimu evulekile, i.e, isuka eLwandle lwaseJapan. Ukuthi iphakama kangakanani, akwaziwa. Inezindlela ezincane zamanzi angenamanzi. Ukuhamba kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ayikhuphukeli phezulu emifuleni, kepha inyukela ngaphezu kwe-pink salmon.
Ukuthomba
I-Sima iyinhlobo engaqondakali: ifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngokuvamile ngonyaka we-3, okuvame kakhulu ngonyaka we-4. Amaduna wesidwedwe avuthwa ngobude obungu-10-22 cm, enesisindo esingama-88 g eneminyaka engu-1-2. EJapan, nama-sims abesifazane afinyelela ebusheni, asele emanzini amasha.
Ukusakazwa kuka Masu
Ingena emifuleni phambilini kunamanye ama-salmon (ngoMeyi-Julayi). Iqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi-Septhemba (eningizimu kuze kube ngu-Okthoba). Ukuphakama kwezifundo emaphethelweni aphansi: I-Amur iwela maphakathi noJulayi, ukuphela - engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi, ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ukungena ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Amur kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Inani lamaqanda ngokwesilinganiso izingcezu ezingama-3200. Esifundeni sasePosyetsky, izifundo ziqala ukwedlula e-Amur, ngqo phakathi no-Agasti nasekupheleni kwale nyanga, ziqala maphakathi no-Septhemba. Izindawo ezihlanzayo zitholakala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zemifula. I-Caviar ibekwe ezidlekeni zenhlabathi ebunjiwe-enosilika. I-fecundity ephakathi kwamaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-3,2. Ngemuva kokuhlakazeka, izinhlanzi ziyafa, ezincane ezifayo zingasinda ngokwengxenye futhi zingene olwandle.
Intuthuko
I-Caviar ikhula emhlabathini. Isikhathi sokufakwelwa yizinsuku ezingama-50-70. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30, kuvela amabala amnyama ahlukanayo ezinhlangothini zefry, kuvela amazinyo. Abancane baphuma emhlabathini ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, izingane zifinyelela osayizi abangama-40 mm. Ama-Sims amancane ahlala isikhathi eside emfuleni, cishe unyaka, afinyelela kubude obungaphezu kuka-100 mm, kwesinye isikhathi abe ngu-180-200 mm. Ezinsizweni zalesi sayizi, ezinhlangothini zomzimba kukhona imivimbo engu-7-11 emikhulu emnyama eshintshashintshayo, amabala amathathu amakhulu emaphethelweni aphezulu emishayo eguqukayo, amabala amancane ayindilinga emuva ngemuva ngaphezu kwemisho, lapho kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona amabala ayindilinga nangaphansi kwemivimbo eshintshashintshayo, ezisekelweni zedorri dorsal kukhona izindawo ezintathu ezimnyama, amaphiko awanombala, kwesinye isikhathi ibala elimnyama ezansi kwamafutha. Umzimba uphezulu, i-anal fin nge-tenderloin, iyancipha ngeminyaka. Izinhlanzi ezincane ezingama-50-60 mm ubude zishintshelwa ekufinyeleleni nasekulwelweni kwengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomfula. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ingxenye yamantshontsho ingena olwandle. I-Stingray olwandle iqala entwasahlobo.
Inani lezomnotho
E-Russia, i-sim incane. E-Amur, akubanjwanga okuningi, futhi lapha kubhalwe kumakwe njenge-salmon epinki. Catch phakathi nenetha elihleliwe nelijikijelayo. Amakamelo amathathu okubanjwa acutshungulwa yinxusa, ingxenye yokubamba ihanjiswa emakethe ngo-ayisikhilimu. ICaviar inosawoti.
Izinkomba:
1. Lebedev V.D., Spanovskaya V.D., Savvaitova K.A., Sokolov L.I., Tsepkin E.A. Izinhlanzi zase-USSR. IMoscow, iThando, ngo-1969
2. L. S. Berg. Izinhlanzi ezinamanzi ahlanzekile e-USSR kanye namazwe angomakhelwane. Ingxenye 1. Edition 4. IMoscow, 1948
3. I-Atlas yezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile eRussia: Ngama-2 amavolumu .. T.1. / Umq. Yu.S. I-Reshetnikova. -M.: Nauka, 2003 .-- 379 p .: Ill.
