ICornflower haplochromis yahlukaniswa okokuqala ngabakwaConing ngonyaka we-1993, yize yatholakala emuva ngo-1935. Yisiphetho seLake Malawi e-Afrika, esihlala kuleli chibi nje, kepha sisabalale kulo.
Zigcinwa emngceleni phakathi kwedwala nesihlabathi phansi ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-25. I-Predatory, ikakhulukazi idla ngoFry of mbuna cichlids, kepha futhi ungazideleli ezinye i-haplochromis.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, acasha emihumeni nasematsheni, alinde isisulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenzeke iphutha, ngoba laqala ukungeniswa ngaphakathi ku-aquarium njenge-Sciaenochromis ahli, kepha lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zezinhlanzi. Wabe esethola amagama amakhulu ambalwa waze waqanjwa igama elithi Sciaenochromis fryeri ngo-1993.
I-Cornflower haplochromis ingenye yezinhlobo ezine zohlobo lwe-Sciaenochromi, noma kunjalo idume kakhulu. Kungowezinhlobo ezihlukile kwe-mbun, ezihlala ezindaweni lapho khona itshe elingaphansi lihlanganiswa nomhlabathi wesihlabathi. Hhayi njengodlame njengembuna, namanje bengamasimu, bakhetha ukunamathela ezindaweni ezinamadwala lapho bengacasha khona emihumeni.
Habitat
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-cornflower haplochromis yiLake Malawi, etholakala endaweni yesifunda segama elifanayo, etholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. IHaplochromis cornflower iyisifo, ngoba indawo ehlala kuyo emhlabeni inqunyelwe leli chibi kuphela.
Inhlanzi ihlala enkabeni yedamu ezindaweni zokugcina zamadwala, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40. Abalungiselela ukubhukuda bodwa, bathanda izindawo ezivulekile lapho kunaphansi kwesihlabathi namatshe. I-cornflower idla omncane wamanye ama-cichlids.
UyaziI-Oceanarium enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni itholakala eSingapore futhi ibizwa ngeMarine Life Park. Inamalitha ayizigidi ezingama-45 wamanzi olwandle, lapho ubukhulu balo abantu ababalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyikhulu babameleli abahlukahlukene bokujula kolwandle buhamba.
Incazelo
Umzimba ophambili we-cichlid, osiza ekuzingeleni. I-Cornflower ikhula ibe ngu-16 cm ubude, kwesinye isikhathi okuncane kakhulu.
Isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwalezi cichlid zaseMalawi yiminyaka 8 8-10.
Bonke abesilisa baluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cornflower eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), enemivimbo engu-9-12 mpo. Ku-anal fin kukhona umucu ophuzi, owolintshi noma obomvu. Inani labantu abaseningizimu ye-haplochromis yehlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi banomngcele omhlophe kwi-dorsal fin, ngenkathi ingekho enyakatho.
Kodwa-ke, e-aquarium akusekho amandla okuhlangana nombala ohlanzekile, wemvelo. Izinsikazi ziyi-silvery, noma zivuthwe ngocansi zingaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ubunzima kokuqukethwe
Ukukhetha okuhle komuntu wasemanzini owanquma ukuzama ukuba nama-Afrika. Ama-cichlid anolaka ngesizotha, kodwa-ke, awalungele i-aquarium ejwayelekile.
Njengakwamanye amaMalawi, amanzi ahlanzekile anamapharamitha aqinile kubalulekile ku-cornflower haplochromis.
Inhlanzi akunzima ukuyigcina, noma kwabaqalayo. Izinsikazi zesiliva azibukeki ziheha kakhulu, kepha abesilisa abangama-cornflower banxephezela ukungabi nabuntu kwabesifazane.
E-aquarium, banolaka ngesizotha futhi bayazingela. Kulula ukuzinakekela, kepha noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezingakugwinya zizohlangabezana nesiphetho esingenakugwenywa.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-cornflower haplochromis ididaniswa nolunye uhlobo olufana ngombala - johani melanochromis. Kepha, lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele, ezikaMbuna futhi zinolaka kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile kubizwa enye inhlobo ye-Sciaenochromis ahli, kepha ngokusho kwemithombo yakwamanye amazwe, lezi zisesezinhlanzi ezimbili ezingafani.
Zifana kakhulu ngombala, kepha zikhulu, zifinyelela kuma-20 cm noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi kuma-cichlid ase-Afrika kuyaphikisana kakhulu futhi kunokuba nzima ukuhlukanisa iqiniso.
Ukwehlukahlukana kocansi kwezinhlanzi
Ngeke kube nzima ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngamehlo. Abesilisa banombala onsomi okhanyayo onsomi. Zincane kakhulu kunezabesifazane, kanti imibala yazo ephansi inombala we-orange okhanyayo.
Abamele abesifazane babonakala ngombala wesiliva okhanyayo, ocwebezela kahle ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.
Abanikazi abanenhlanzi yezinhlanzi ezinjalo bayelulekwa ukuba bangagcini ngaphezu kowesilisa oyedwa kwabesifazane abangu-4-5. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi abesilisa banolaka olukhulu futhi bavame ukuncintisana phakathi kwabo ilungelo lokuphatha umphakathi, kanye nelungelo lokufaka umanyolo amaqanda kuqala.
Ukondla
I-Cornflower haplochromis iyamangaza, kepha esimweni sayo ikakhulukazi ihola indlela yokuphila yokuphamba. E-aquarium, uzodla noma iyiphi inhlanzi angayigwinya.
Kufanele ifakwe ukudla okuphakelayo okusezingeni eliphezulu okwenzelwe ama-cichlid ase-Afrika, engeza ukudla okubukhoma nenyama ye-shrimp, izicubu zomzimba noma izingcezu zenjoloba yezinhlanzi.
Fry udle okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe kanye nemifino. Kufanele bondliwe kaningana ngosuku, ezingxenyeni ezincane, ngoba bathambekele ebusheni, obuvame ukuholela ekufeni.
Ukuzala
I-Haplochromis boadzulu, i-haplochromis obliquidance, i-haplochromis Livingstone nabanye abamele le nhlobo ifinyelela ukuvuthwa eneminyaka eyi-1. Ukulungiselela ukuzalanisa sebenzisa i-aquarium ekhethekile enamanzi enomthamo wamalitha angama-80, lapho kubekwa khona owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abane noma ngaphezulu. Owesifazane ugcina amaqanda avundisiwe emlonyeni wakhe, aqhamuke kuwo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25.
Fry
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, gazinga bondliwe uthuli bukhoma ne-brine shrimp. Emavikini amabili okuqala empilo, izinsana zifihla emlonyeni womzali uma kwenzeka ingozi engatheni.
Kungcono ukugcina i-cornflower haplochromis e-aquarium yamalitha angama-200, ebanzi impela futhi inde.
Amanzi eLake Malawi abonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina kwamapharamitha. Ukuqinisekisa unya oludingekayo (uma unamanzi athambile), udinga ukusebenzisa ubuqili, ngokwesibonelo, engeza ama-coral chips emhlabathini. Amapharamitha we-Optimum wokuqukethwe: izinga lokushisa lamanzi 23-27С, ph: 6.0-7.8, 5 - 19 dGH.
Ngaphezu kobulukhuni, zifuna nokumsulwa kwamanzi nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-ammonia kanye ne-nitrate kuwo. Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle e-aquarium futhi siguqule njalo ingxenye yamanzi, kuyilapho eliphansi liyi-siphon.
Emvelweni, ama-haplochromis ahlala ezindaweni lapho kunenqwaba yamatshe nezindawo ezinaphansi kwesihlabathi. Sekukonke, laba bangabaseMalawi abajwayelekile abadinga indawo yokukhosela namatshe amaningi futhi abadingi izitshalo nakancane.
Ukwakha i-biotope yemvelo, sebenzisa i-sandstone, i-driftwood, amatshe nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
I-cornflower haplochromis esivele inonyaka wonyaka ingaqala ukuzala. Imvamisa ukuphonsa i-caviar kwenzeka njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili, ikakhulukazi ehlobo.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungabeka owesilisa nowesilisa endaweni eyi-aquarium eseceleni (kuze kufinyelele kumalitha angama-80) bese udala izimo zokuphazamiseka: shintsha amalitha ayi-8 amanzi nsuku zonke. Kulokhu, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngokugcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingakapheli u-27 ° C.
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-80. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, uhhafu wenzalo uyafa, futhi kokukhethekile, iningi liyasinda. Iduna lifaka amaqanda, bese insikazi ifaka konke emlonyeni wakhe. Lapho, i-caviar ingalala amasonto angama-3-4 kuze kube yilapho i-hatch ifry.
Izinsana zidla okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe okuqinile ne-brine shrimp. Ubulili babo bungahlukaniswa phakathi eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala.
Lapho nje abesilisa sebevuthiwe, kudingeka batshalwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho impi izoqala phakathi kwabo.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zikhula zikhulu kakhulu emzimbeni wazo wemvelo - zize zifike ku-20 cm. Nokho, ekudingisweni zifinyelela ubude obuyi-15 cm kuphela.
Ubukhulu: I-Haplochromis cornflower ikhula ibe ngu-15-16 cm ubude.
Ukuvumelana
Inhlanzi enolaka kahle engagcinwa ezindaweni ezabiwe ezinhlanzi kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane nezinokuthula. Bahlangana namanye ama-haplochromis nama-mbuna anokuthula, kepha kungcono ukungazigcini nama-aulonokaras. Bazokulwa kuze kube sekufeni nabesilisa nabashadikazi nabesifazane.
Kungcono ukugcina kwiphakethe equkethe owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abane noma ngaphezulu. Zimbalwa izintokazi ezizobangela ukuba zivele kanye ngonyaka noma ngaphansi, ngenxa yengcindezi.
Njengomthetho, i-aquarium ebanzi nenani elikhulu lokukhosela kunciphisa izinga lokucindezela kwabesifazane. Abesilisa baba nolaka ngokwengeziwe ngobudala futhi bayobulala abanye abesilisa e-aquarium, ngasikhathi sinye bashaya izinsikazi.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi ukugcwala ngokweqile ku-aquarium kunciphisa ukufutheka kwabo, kepha lapho-ke kudingeka ukuthi ushintshe amanzi kaningi futhi uqaphe nemingcele.
Njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zikhula zibe ngosayizi omkhulu, ukulondolozwa kwazo kudinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-200-250. Ngaphansi kwaso kufanele kube nesihlabathi ngokufakwa kwamatshe amatshe amatshe kanye namatshe abunjiwe. Lezi zimpilo zasolwandle zithanda kakhulu ukwakheka kwamatshe ahlukahlukene, kanye ne-algae, lapho zingacasha futhi zidlale khona. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi asemanzini kufanele libe phakathi kuka-24- 28 ° C. Ukuqina kufanele kube nenkomba engu-20-25 °. Amanzi wansuku zonke kufanele ahlungulwe futhi kuhanjiswe. Kanye ngosuku, ingxenye yesine yamanzi e-aquarium idinga ukushintshwa.
Ukuzala
Ukuzala kabusha kunezimpawu zazo. Ukuthola owesilisa nowesifazane, njengomthetho, akhule eqenjini kusukela esemncane. Njengoba izinhlanzi zikhula, abesilisa abengeziwe bahlukaniswa futhi babekelwa eceleni, umsebenzi uwukushiya munye kuphela e-aquarium futhi enabesifazane abane noma ngaphezulu.
Ekudingisweni, avela kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Ukuze uqhume, zidinga indawo encane, zingabeka amaqanda ngisho nase-aquarium eminyene.
Lapho ukusondela kusondela, iqhubu le-maleflower yowesilisa liba elikhanyayo, imicu emnyama egqamile emzimbeni wayo.
Ulungiselela indawo eduzane netshe elikhulu futhi ushayela insikazi kulo. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ithatha amaqanda emlonyeni wayo iwafake lapho. Ugcina amaqanda angama-15 kuye kwangama-70 emlonyeni wakhe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Ukuze wandise isibalo sikaFry osindayo, kungcono ukuyifaka insikazi uyiyise e-aquarium ehlukile kuze kube yilapho esekhipha i-fry.
Ukudla okuqala yi-Artemia nauplii nokudla okwabiwe kwezinhlanzi zabantu abadala.
Ukuzala ama-cornflower haplochromis akulula, yize kunezidingo ezithile zokugcinwa kwalezinhlanzi.
Izidingo ze-Aquarium
Nazi izidingo ezimbalwa ezidingekayo ze-aquarium zama-cichlids we-cornflower:
- Ukuze kulondolozwe "ama-cornflowers" udinga i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-150-350 nobude okungenani bamamitha ayi-1.5.
- Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukubhukuda esihlabathini, ziyisule ngemisele bese zikhipha imithombo kuzo. Ngakho-ke, isihlabathi se-quartz esigeziwe kufanele sibe yingxenyenamba yamamitha ayi-1.5. Kungcono ukwengeza ama-coral chip noma i-gravel emihle enhlabathini.
- Njengoba lezi izinhlanzi ezinamadwala, ukuze ubenze bazizwe besesimweni sabo, ezansi kwe-aquarium ungahlela izakhiwo zamadwala ezinamazinga amaningi, wakhele phambili nezizinda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubekwa amatshe amatshe phezulu komunye nomunye, ngenkathi akha izindawo zokukhosela lapho abantu ababuthakathaka bazofihla khona kwezinye izakhamuzi ezinolaka lwe-aquarium noma insikazi kubesilisa abasebenza ngokweqile. Khumbula ukuthi lapho unika amandla angezansi kwe-aquarium yakho, udinga kuqala ukubeka amatshe kuwo, bese ubeka isihlabathi.
- Ama-cornflower ayizinhlanzi ze-motile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukushiya isikhala esanele ku-aquarium yokuhamba kwabo kwamahhala.
- Isibani se-aquarium se-Haplochromis kufanele sibe nesilinganiso noma sibe mnyama.
- Amanzi e-aquarium kufanele abe musha, abe nesilinganiso sokushisa esingama-23 kuya kwangama-28 degrees, i-pH engu-7.5 kuye ku-8.7 nobulukhuni be-dH engekho ngaphezulu kwe-6-10. I-aquarium kumele ifakwe i-aerator nesihlungi, ngoba "ama-cornflowers" athambile kakhulu kuma-admixtures ama-nitrate kanye ne-ammonia emanzini. Ushintsho nsuku zonke lwamanzi e-aquarium angamaphesenti angama-25 nalo lufiselekayo.
- Izitshalo ezibukhoma ze-aquarium ezine "cornflowers" empeleni azisetshenziswa. Imvamisa, izitshalo zidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele njalo, futhi esimweni se-haplochromis zingaba nokubonakala okushaywayo njalo ngenxa yokuziphatha kwazo ngolaka: izinhlanzi ziyohlala ziluma uhlaza. Futhi, imibandela lapho lezi zinhlanzi zigcinwa ngaphansi kwazo ingahle ingalungeli i-algae. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukubuka okwenziwe ngemvelo okwenziwe phansi. Kepha ungangezela okukubi duckweed ku-aquarium, izinhlanzi ezizosebenzisa futhi njengokudla.
Kubalulekile!Qiniseka ukuthi unaka umbala wenhlabathi ye-aquarium, ngoba uthinta ngqo umbala nenhlala-kahle yabahlali bakhona. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sesihlabathi esimhlophe esikhanyayo, umbala wesilwane sakho ungaqhuma. Kungcono ukubeka umhlabathi ompunga kulokhu.
Kulula ukunakekela i-haplochromis vasilkovy: lokhu udinga ukugcina i-aquarium ihlanzekile futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuyicoca.
Imvelo nokuziphatha
IHaplochromis cornflower eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengoba sekushiwo, inhlanzi enolaka enolaka, ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziningi. Ngabalingani babo besilisa, bavame ukuba nokulwa kwabesifazane nezindawo, kuze kube sekufeni kombangi ongenamandla.
Futhi, laba bameleli bezilwane ezingaphansi kwamanzi banenhlalo kakhulu futhi bayasebenza. Ukuhamba kwawo kuyanda ngendlala eyandayo: “Abatshali bezithelo zommbila” bahlela zonke izinhlanga ukuthola ingxenye yokudla futhi bayibambe ngokushesha.
UyaziIsilwane sasolwandle esande kunazo zonke emhlabeni izinhlanzi zenyanga. Uzalela amaqanda angaba yizigidi ezintathu. Futhi, le nhlanzi iyisisindo sezinhlanzi zamanje zamathambo: isisindo somuntu ngamunye singafinyelela ithoni elilodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Ezempilo
Ama-cichlid aseMalawi aphila iminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, “ama-cornflower” awaguli, kepha uma ikhwalithi yamanzi noma yokudla inyuka, angaba nesifo esivela kulolu hlobo - ukuqhakaza eMalawi.
Ukugwema le nkinga, udinga ukufaka ingxenye yamanzi ngamanzi amasha ngesikhathi, futhi uphinde uvivinye ukwakheka kwawo ngenani le-ammonia, i-nitric oxide ne-nitrate.
Izinhlanzi ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists yilezi: ama-guppies, ama-astronotus, ama-barbs, i-gourami, i-zebrafish, i-discus, i-golffish, i-corridor, i-laliuse, isabula, i-neon, i-cockerels, i-angelfish kanye nameva.
Sigcizelela ukuthi i-haplochromis yaseMalawi nayo ingagula ngenxa yokuxineka, umthamo onganele wezindawo zasemanzini nezomhlaseli. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ucabangele ngokucophelela zonke izici zobungozi futhi uqaphele imithetho eyisisekelo yokuzalanisa nokugcina laba abamele iziloba ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lapho zizalela i-cornflower haplochromis, udinga ukunaka izinto eziningi ezizokusiza ukudala izimo ezintofontofo ngempilo yazo nokuzala. Ukulandela zonke izincomo ezingenhla, ungaba ekhaya noma ehhovisi ucezu lweparadesi lase-Afrika nezinhlanzi ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezizokujabulisa iso lakho futhi zisebenze njengendawo ephakathi nendawo yokuphumula.
Izimo
I-Cichlid "Cornflower" yaziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqalayo, ngoba ilula ngokuqukethwe. Qaphela ukuthi elula ayisho ukuthi ayinakubekezela futhi izidingo eziyisisekelo kufanele zilandelwe ngokucophelela.
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlanzi ze-haplochromis ngesikhala, umthamo we-aquarium wokulondolozwa kwazo kufanele usuke kumalitha angama-200 wabantu abangama-2-3 futhi ube mkhulu kakhulu uma uhlose ukuhlanganyela nomakhelwane nabo.
Isici sesibili esibalulekile senhlalakahle yezinhlanzi ngamanzi ahlanzekile, anomoya omnandi, afudumele. Amapharamitha: izinga lokushisa - 24-27 ° С, ubunzima kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-25 ° dH, acidity - 7-8,5pH. Ukuhlunga okuhle kuyadingeka. Izinguquko zamanzi zenziwa njalo kanye ngesonto, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu ithathelwa indawo. Izinhlanzi eziningi ze-aquarium onazo nosayizi omncane wethangi, kulapho udinga njalo ukufaka amanzi ngamanzi amasha, ngoba i-cornflower haplochromis inokuzwa okuphezulu kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi.
Noma yimuphi umhlabathi uvunyelwe ukuba uqukethe ama-cichlid ama-haplochromis, into esemqoka ukuthi ungabi namaphethelo abukhali, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukuthanda ukuqhuma ngazo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-cichlid akhetha amanzi alukhuni, avunyelwe ukusebenzisa ama-marble chips njengomhlabathi ezindaweni zawo zokufulela, ezikhulisa ukuqina. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube kuhle futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside.
Izimila zalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi zase-aquarium ziyakhethwa, futhi bambalwa kubo abazokwazi ukuzizwa kahle ngamapharamitha anjalo wamanzi.Kepha ukuhambela izindawo zokugcina, ama-grottoes neminye imihlobiso kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu. Izikhathi ezithile, izinsikazi ezikhathele ukunakwa owesilisa ziyaphoqeleka ukuba ziphephe kuzo.
Konke ukwehluka ngokubukeka kwe-haplochromis
Inhlanzi inokufudumala okukhanyayo okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo eminingana eqondile (isibalo sisuka kwabayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwabayishumi nambili, futhi sinqunywa kuphela ngofuzo). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abesilisa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila bazothola umbala wabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa banomucu we-anal fin, obonakala ngophuzi, obomvu noma orenji.
Abameli besifazane be-haplochromis banombala wesiliva, ongakhanyi kangako. Kodwa-ke, njengoba zikhula, umbala wazo ungashintsha kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, lo gazinga ubukeka njengabesifazane, kepha kamuva bayashintsha.
Inhlanzi inomzimba ophakeme. Imvelo yakhumbula ukuthi ufudu olunjalo luzosiza ukuzingela okuphumelelayo. Ubude bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-16. Kwezinye izimo, le pharamitha inkulu, kepha umehluko awunakwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-aquarium, ngeshwa, cishe azikaze zibe nombala ohlanzekile, ngenxa yezici zemvelo.
I-cornflower haplochromis
I-Cornflower haplochromis (Sciaenochromis fryeri).
Ichibi laseMalawi, amadwala ama-biotopes.
Ubukhulu 20 cm, ku-aquarium 10-15 cm. Isambatho sakhe sigadla ekugcwalisweni nasekujuleni kombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ovelele.
Amaduna aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngendlela emangalisayo ngokumangalisa. Ngokuphamba noma ukucindezelwa, kuvela imivimbo emnyama emi mpo engu-6-9. Owesilisa uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokufafaza okumhlophe okubanzi kwendawo yamazinyo kanye nekhanda elicwebezelayo lekhanda, likhulu kunensikazi. Ukuqina kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka owesilisa kuhlukaniswa ngumuntu omude. I-anal fin ophuzi noma obomvu-owolintshi. Mhlawumbe umucu omhlophe okhanyayo ebunzini, ukusuka emaphethelweni ezindebe eziphambili kuya ekuqaleni kwephini le-dorsal. Isakhamuzi eseningizimu yeChibi laseMalawi saziwa ngokuba khona komngcele omhlophe engxenyeni engenhla yedolobha le-dorsal.
Ukukhanya kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okumangazayo umhlaba ophilayo, kugcinwa ngabesilisa abadala kukho konke impilo, kuya ngokuya kukhula ngezikhathi zokucasuka, ulaka nomsebenzi we-Spawning. Owesifazane ubumpunga ngokumpunga nokuqunjelwa buthaka komzimba. Inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanda nemihlathini. Amachaphaza amachashaza nehlombe ayindilinga.
Izinsikazi zincane futhi, njengefry, zikhombisa umbala ovikelayo, kwesinye isikhathi zingaba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho zivuthwa. Amajikijolo anombala onsundu ngemivimbo emile. Ngokuya ngezimo zokuboshwa, ezinyangeni ezingama-3-5 ubudala, abesilisa baqala ukukhombisa ukufiphala okumhlophe kwephinifa, bese kuthi ezinyangeni ezi-5-7 baqale ukuthola umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka bese kuba umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ofinyelela inani eliphakeme ngemuva konyaka kuze kube yiminyaka emibili.
Kunemijaho eminingi yendawo ehlukile ekuphakameni komzimba kanye nama-nuances wombala. Ikakhulu, igebe lesiliva elingemuva kwabesilisa kubamele ezinye izinhlanga liboniswa buthaka, kwezinye libanzi, liyakhazimula, lifinyelela emgqonyeni we-caudal. Kukhona ama-drive-throughs acwebezelayo, futhi kukhona amade ane-hzzing transverse hatching. Abesilisa engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli chibi bakhanya kakhulu, futhi bancane enyakatho. Izinsikazi zezimo ngazinye ziyehluka ngombala.
Abafuyi abangathembekile bathengisa izinhlanzi okuthiwa yimibala. Zelashwa nge-hormone yabesilisa sex methyltestosterone. Kakade ngosayizi ongu-4 cm anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi kubonakala sengathi phakathi kwawo azikho izintokazi. Badla futhi bakhula kabi. Amathuba ambalwa okukhula ngokuphelele ezinempilo ezinempilo kubantu abadala kuwo.
Ifana ne-Sciaenochromis ahli. Bahluka ngokuthi abesilisa S. ahli banemibala ngokushesha okukhulu. Yize umzimba wangaphambili unamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, awukhanyi njenge S. fryeri. Ngokubala imibala kwe-S. fryeri, kungahle kube nomucu omhlophe ogqamile ebunzini; abukeka njenge "hunchbacked" ngokuqhathaniswa no-S. ahli. U-S. ahli mude ngokwedlulele, u-S. fryeri unesimo esime ngomumo, esifakwe i-torpedo. Ku-S. fryeri, i-anal fin ibomvu-orenji noma ibomvu eliqhakazile; azikho izindawo ezikhishwe. Ngokungafani no-S. ahli ku-dorsal fin, ukuhlangana okumhlophe kubanzi kakhulu.
I-morphs enemibala: - I-S. fryeri “Iceberg” - abesilisa abavuthiwe ngocansi engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba bumhlophe qhwa futhi umucu wokuhlunga ungumbala wewolintshi omuhle. I-Caudal fin nge-white edging, - I-S. fryeri "I-Maleri Island" - umzimba omhlophe omhlophe,
Ihlukaniswa umlingisi oguquguqukayo, ozivumela ukuba zihlangane kahle nomakhelwane bezinye izinhlobo zobukhulu obucishe bulingane nomoya. Emvelweni, phila impilo yodwa, akukaze kubonwe ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane. Ngokuyinhloko, ungagcina izinhlanzi ezimbalwa, kepha kungcono ukwakha iqembu le-harem noma umhlambi omncane onesibalo esikhulu sabantu besifazane. Kwowesilisa oyedwa wesilisa abane noma ngaphezulu.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinhlanzi azisiyo eyendawo futhi ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukuthi kuqukethe abesilisa abaningi abanemibala ekhanyayo e-aquarium eyodwa kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-Utak nezinye iziMbuna. Awukwazi ukuhlangana ne-Aulonokara, ngoba ifana kakhulu ngombala nesimo. Izidakamizwa ezidla izinhlanzi ezincane.
Udinga i-aquarium ebanzi yamalitha angama-250 enenqwaba yezakhiwo zamadwala ezinamazinga amaningi, inqwaba yezindawo zokukhosela ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene okufanele zizinze, izinsikazi noma abesilisa ababuthaka bangafihla kuzo. Amatshe amakhulu amcaba ngendlela yamaphiramidi abekwa eceleni kwezindonga zangemuva nangaseceleni, ezidala imihume eminingi, ixhumana nomunye ngokuhamba. Lezi zindawo zokukhosela ziyadingeka ezinhlanzini, njengoba izinsikazi zithanda ukuchitha ingxenye yesikhathi emhumeni. Isihlabathi, isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe anhlabathi noma amatshe angenamatshe.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamatshe, izinhlanzi azimbeki izimbobo ngisho noma ziqhuma, kepha zibeka amaqanda ngqo ematsheni. Kuwo lawo matshe ngemuva kokuhluma, insikazi ene-caviar emlonyeni wayo ingafihla kalula kusukela othandweni lowesilisa oluqhubekayo. Ngobukhulu obungaphezu kwama-7 cm, zonke izitshalo eziphilayo ziyaqedwa. Bamba phakathi nezendlalelo zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo. Amanzi kufanele abe yi-alkaline futhi alukhuni ngokulingana, ahlanzekile futhi anefilethi enamandla. Izwela kakhulu okuqukethwe i-nitrate ephezulu.
Zola ngezinyanga eziyi-10-14 ngobude obungama-7-12 cm. Masinyane ngemuva kokuhluma, owesilisa ushiya insikazi, insikazi ifaka amaqanda emlonyeni wakhe. Bahlala iminyaka engama-5-7.
Ubunzima kusuka ku-9 - 19 ° dGH, pH 7.5-8.5., Izinga lokushisa lamanzi 25-28 °.
Ukudla kufanele kube okunempilo futhi okusezingeni elifanele. Kuhle-ke, ukondla ukudla okubukhoma. Ukudla kufanele kube nezilwane ezingama-80% nezidli zemifino ezingama-20% Bajwayele ukudla ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuthi uphuze kahle ukondla futhi ungakhohlwa ngosuku lokuzila.
Iyiphi i-aquarium okufanele ngiyifake?
Khumbula ukuthi izinhlanzi zizizwa zikhululekile kuphela ezimweni ezithile. Isibonelo, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokukhosela ezikhethekile. Ake sithi ungakha ama-grottoes noma emihumeni yamatshe. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, izakhamuzi zokubhukuda akufanele zisongelwe.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ulondoloze i-pH enhle. Kulokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-coral substrate noma isihlabathi solwandle. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi i-acidity kufanele isuke ku-7.7 iye ku-8.6. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubulukhuni obunconyiwe bufinyelela ku-6 - 10 DH. Umuntu ngamunye ohlonishwayo wezakhamizi zase-aquarium kufanele alandele izinga lokushisa, okungukuthi kusuka kwamashumi amabili nantathu kuya kwamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili degrees.
Kufanele unake iqiniso elilandelayo: Ama-haplochromis kaJackson azama ukuba ezingeni eliphakathi noma eliphansi le-aquarium. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezifanele kufanele zakhiwe kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala yabameleli be-aquarium.