Ikhaya »Izinsiza» Amanothi »| Usuku: 03/09/2015 | Ukubukwa: 11567 | Izimvo: 0

"Ku-vivo ibhere imvamisa ihlala ezigodini zemifula, lapho inhlabathi ihlala inomswakama owenele ”(uSolwazi F. N. Pravdin).

“Zithanda izindawo ezomile ezinenhlabathi evundile, futhi zihlala eduze namanzi, lapho izinwele ezacile, ezifana nosilika zivikela khona emswakama. Amabhere angabhukuda futhi achwithe isikhathi eside ”(UMax Bayer noFranz Heikertinger).

". Amabhere ahlala enhlabathini enhlabathi enobumba obuncane futhi, ezimweni eziningi, afika phezulu ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ngoMeyi noJuni, ngasikhathi sinye kuzwakala “ukukhala” kwawo, okufana nokudumisa kwezimbuzi. Izimbobo zawo emhlabathini zimbiwa zikhuphuke phansi, kuphela lapho zizungeza isidleke - kuvunguza okuholela kolunye uhlangothi kuya esidlekeni, kusuka kolunye - kuya ebusweni. Enhlabathini enomswakama, le mikhondo yambiwa kusuka ekujuleni kwe- "adit", ephambukisa amanzi emvula "(Peter Richelle).

I-Medvedka - umzala osondelene kakhulu nekhilikithi notshani, kepha akafani kakhulu "nakubazala" bakhe! Ngaphandle, kunjalo. Igama laso lesiLatini elithi "grillothalpa" lisho ukuthi lihunyushelwe kwisiRussia njenge "cricket-mole". AmaJalimane ambiza Ikhilikithi kaMole, nakwezinye izindawo - "umqhele wobumba". I-etymology yegama lesiRussia elithi "ibhere" ayicacile, mhlawumbe ubuhlakani obaziwayo balesi sinambuzane kwakuyisizathu.

"Ngokuya kokuvumelana nalokhu, leli lungu langaphambili lebhele aliphansi emlenzeni ongaphambili wesibalo. "(UProfesa F. N. Pravdin).

Kepha phambi kwe-mole, njengokubhula okuncane okumba emhlabeni ubusuku bonke, inezinzuzo eziningi "zemvelo". Sesivele sazi ukuthi ubhukuda kahle (nokho, imvukuzane iyakwazi lokhu). Kepha ngaso sonke isifiso, akakwazi ukundiza. Futhi amabhere?

"Kungemva kokushona kwelanga kuphela lapho bavame ukuza khona ebusweni futhi bangene ebumnyameni ngisho nezindiza ezimfushane, futhi yize kungabonakala sengathi isilwane esikhulu kangako ngeke silindelwe, kodwa" ngentshiseko "ethile nenhlokomo enkulu, bandizela emithonjeni ekhanyayo” ( UMax Bayer noFranz Heikertinger).

Amabhere azalaniswa ngoJuni - Julayi. Insikazi ayinalo i-ovipositor, ngakho-ke amaqanda. Kepha kungcono ukulalela ochwepheshe futhi.

“Owesifazane ulungiselela ekujuleni okungamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili igumbi lokudlela elisezingeni eliphezulu, izindonga zalo zivaliwe futhi zibunjiwe. Lapha ubeka amaqanda. obala zinqwaba. Akukho ukukhathazeka ngenzalo, kepha ukubekwa kweqanda kugadwe ngowesifazane isikhathi esithile. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kudingeka iminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengama-2,5 ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwezibalo zamabhere ”(UMax Bayer noFranz Heikertinger).

“Isidleke ngokwaso siyigumbi elin cishe neqanda lezinkukhu elinodonga oluhlanganisiwe. Itholakala ngaphansi kwezindawo ezincishwe izitshalo, noma izitshalo ezingaphezulu kwaso ziyachithwa: ibhere iluma izimpande zayo. Ngakho-ke inhlabathi engaphezulu kwezidleke ishiswa kahle yilanga. Igumbi lezidleke livame ukusukela kumasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-10 ngaphansi kobuso bomhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi lize lijule kakhulu - ukuya kumitha elilodwa. Kulesi sidleke, insikazi ibala kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuLwezi kusuka emaqanda angama-200 kuye kwangama-300 ngezinqwaba ezahlukene. Kukhona amaqanda nezibungu zeminyaka ehlukahlukene kuwo.

Amaqanda namabhere amancane esidlekeni (isithombe ngezansi)

Owesifazane unakekela amaqanda nezibungu (kuze kube molt wesibili) - izikhotha. Lokhu kunakekelwa kwangempela kwenzalo kuvikela amaqanda nezibungu ekubolekeni nasekubhuntshweni kwesikhunta. Ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa, isibungu siqala amasonto 1.5-5 emva kokuqothuka; ekwindla, ngisho nangemva kwamaviki ama-5-6. Okokuqala, adla ama-humus nezimpande eziphuma egumbini lokungena esidlekeni, elihlala lisha, ngoba umama webhere uhlala “egoqa” izindonga zegumbi ”(Peter Richelle).

“Amabhere angakwazi ukuhamba emigodini engaphansi komhlaba phambili naphambili emuva. Kokuguqukayo, i-cerci ende ende, enoboya isebenza njenge- “antennae posterior”. Owesifazane ulungisa igumbi elikhethekile lokubekwa kweqanda, lapho umugqa othe mpo ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-8 uholela khona ebusweni. Ikhamera icishe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-5-10. Insikazi icindezela izindonga zayo “ngesihlangu sentamo” ngokuqinile kangangokuba ikhamera ingasuswa ngokuphelele kanye nomhlaba ozungezile. Esitokisini kunamaqanda acishe abe ngu-200-300, avikelwe insikazi isikhathi esithile. E-Europe Ephakathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kuthatha iminyaka eyi-1.5-2. Izibungu noma i-overwinter yabantu abadala ”(Kurt Gunther).

Iwashi lebhere linjengewindi lesigaxa.

Ukusuka kulezi zingcaphuno ezingenhla, kuvela ukuthi ngisho nochwepheshe banemibono ngebhere, ukuyibeka kancane, hhayi bonke abavumelani. Kepha lesi sinambuzane esimangazayo asikaze sithathwe kalula, sithakazelisa ngokufunda: lapho ibhere ixazulula okuningi, ilimaza izimpande zezitshalo eziningi ezitshaliwe - amazambane, ukhukhamba, ummbila, ukotini, ilayisi.

Abantu abadala bondla ikakhulukazi zonke izinhlobo zezibungu zama-ladybugs (zonke ziwusizo kakhulu emnothweni wesintu!), Onodoli bakwaButterfly, amacimbi kanye namabhungane kaMay (lezi sezivele zinobungozi!). Ngisho nesicabucabu esinamandla futhi esinobuthi njenge-tarantula, sivame ukuthola ibhele lesidlo sasemini.

Ethini ibhere, kuyathakazelisa, njengakwi-tarantula, isikhali esivikela iphethini efanayo: kokubili i-tarantula ne "ikhilikithi-imvukuzane", yathukile, yaseshela umnikazisi wabo. indle ewuketshezi!

Amabhere avela eMhlabeni cishe ngezigidi ezingama-35 ezedlule. Manje kunezinhlobo zazo ezingama-40 emhlabeni.

Izindlela zokulawula

Ekwindla, kuhlelwa imigodi yokuzingela enobukhulu obungafika ku-40-60 amasentimitha. Basakaza umquba noma ezinye izinto ezingakhiqiza ukushisa. Izinambuzane zicasha emashalofini anjalo, kuhlala kubanjwa ngezikhathi ezithile nokuzibhubhisa.

Ehlobo, bonisa izindawo lapho owesifazana enze khona isidleke (kumakhanda). Gaya ngokucophelela isidleke futhi ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze izibungu zingabaleki, uthele amanzi abilayo phezu kwaso. Izinambuzane ezinesizungu ziqoqa futhi zichithe. Faka izidakamizwa, iziheyisi ezithengiswa ezitolo ukuze ulwe nebhere.

Ebusuku, kungenzeka ukuqoqa abadala ukundiza ukukhanya. Kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona ugesi, ukukhanya kuzoba ngumthombo wokukhanya. Ungathenga izibani ezikhethekile kumabhethri. Ukuze ulondoloze isiqu nezimpande zezitshalo ezivela kubhele, uma seludlakadlaka, beka izibuko kwisitshalo ngasinye ngaphandle kwephansi kusuka emabhodleleni epulasitiki (amasentimitha ayi-15-20 ukuphakama).

IMedvedka isilonda esiyingozi. Ukulwa nakho kudinga ukubekezela, isikhathi. Futhi labo abafuna ukutshala izilimo nakanjani bazophumelela. Kepha sidinga izinto ezihlanganyelwe zabo bonke abalimi lapho ibhele selizibonisile.

Ukuzalela Amabhere

Amabhere aqala ukuzala entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuphuma ngobuningi kusuka ebusika. Umanyolo kuzo yi-spermatophore, njengakwabanye abamele i-orthoptera. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngaphansi komhlaba. Amahlumela avela ehlobo.

Ezizalweni zabo, izinambuzane zilungiselela indawo yokuhlala: Zimba ama-labyrinths ayindilinga, anamagatsha azungeze izimpande zezitshalo futhi ekujuleni okungatheni (5-10 cm ukusuka ebusweni) ahlela izidleke eziyindilinga ezingaba ngu-10 cm ububanzi Kule nqubo, abantu bobabili ubulili bahlanganyela. Ngaphakathi kwebhola kunamagumbi okudlela osayizi weqanda lezinkukhu, izindonga zawo zivalwe kahle. Lapho, ibhere lensikazi libekela amaqanda angama-300-350 kuya kwangama-600. Lesi isikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu sokusinda kwezinambuzane, ngoba inzalo engaphansi komhlaba incike ngokuphelele emazingeni okushisa nakomswakama. Insikazi ayisuki esidlekeni, iyivikele, igcina umoya omncane kanye nokushisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ihlanza izindima ezivela emhlabathini, idla izimpande zezitshalo eziphonsa isithunzi endaweni yezidleke. Amaqanda amabhere afana nezinhlamvu zamabele: i-oval, aphuzi grey, 2 mm ngosayizi.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ukuya kwezingu-20 kuye ngokuya ngokushisa kwenhlabathi, izimpunga, izimpondo eziyisithupha, ezingenamaphiko (ama-nymphs) zishiya amaqanda, ahlala esidlekeni ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kowesifazane izinsuku ezingama-20-30. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, insikazi iqala ukubanda futhi emva kwesikhathi esithile ifile. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izibungu zebhere ziyasha, bambe izimbobo ezihlukile bese uqala ukondla.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kuthatha isikhathi eside, ngokuguqulwa okungaphelele. Ezifundeni ezihlukile, le nkathi yehlukile. Eningizimu, akhula phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1-2, enyakatho iminyaka emi-2-2,5. Izibungu zebhere zifana nomuntu omdala, kodwa ngamasayizi amancane, amaphiko angaphansi angaphansi kanye nezitho zangasese. Kumabanga okuqala entuthuko, aselula kakhulu, agibela futhi agxuma kahle, njengezintethe. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka kusuka ku-izibungu kuya kumuntu okhulile ovuthiwe ngocansi, amabhere atholakala izikhathi eziyi-8-9.

Izibungu zebhere elivamile. Izithombe ngu: Roman Špaček

Ungabhekana kanjani nebhere

Ukungathandi iphunga le-pungent, amabhere amancane ashiya amazwe lapho kukhula khona u-anyanisi, u-anyanisi, iparsley, iminti, i-alder, ne-bird cherry. Kukwanele ukufakwa kwabo emibhedeni nezinye izilimo ukuze kuvikeleke ingadi.

Ezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula izinambuzane, sikhuluma ngokukhinyabeka okujulile kwenhlabathi ngefliphu yezingqimba. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela izinambuzane ekugcwaliseni indawo. Imvamisa ingeniswa ngomquba, evundisa inhlabathi.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucebisa inhlabathi ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvunwa, ngaphambi kwamakhaza nje, ukuze izinambuzane zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi zilungiselele ubusika. Kufanele futhi usebenzise umquba okuthiwa uvuthiwe

Ukusuka ezindleleni ze-agrotechnical zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane, ukusatshalaliswa kokusanhlamvu okusanobuthi ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo kufanelekile. Amanzi afakwe kwi-Wofatox noma amalungiselelo afanayo. Ubuye wanquma ukucubungula indlela yasentwasahlobo.

IMedvedka isinambuzane esikwazi ukubhukuda nokundiza.

Isibalo sezinambuzane eziyingozi endaweni sincishiswe ngo-80-90%. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kunesizathu sokwanda kwabantu be-epiphytotic bendawo. Leli gama libhekisa ekujuleni kwenhlabathi yenambuzane. Kumitha yesikwele kufanele kube namabhere ama-3 noma ngaphezulu.

Faka amakhemikhali esikhundleni somlotha. Uhlobo lwayo lwe-alkali futhi kunuka izinambuzane. Amabhere awasondeli emibhedeni ngaseceleni kwendawo lapho kwenziwa khona umlotha. Kodwa-ke, phezu kwenhlabathi ye-alkaline futhi engathathi hlangothi ingaphezu kwamandla, ikhulisa i-ph yomhlaba, iphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo eziningi

Njengoba amabhere athanda ukumanzima, kubalulekile ukubheka umbuso wokuchelela izitshalo ngaphandle kwezikhukhula

Lokhu kugqokwa hhayi kuphela ngokuzalwa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi, kodwa nangokubola kwezimpande. Yize usongo lubekwa yibhere kubalimi, izinambuzane zingazuzisa. Ihlalisa inhlabathi ngokulingana, iBears iyayithukulula. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukufinyelela komhlaba we-oxygen odingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo.

Ngabe kudlani ibhele?

Ukudla kwebhere kukhulu: uhlelo lwezimpande, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, imbewu, ingxenye engaphansi yesitshalo, amahlumela amasha. Izithelo, imifino, amajikijolo, ukulima, ama-gourds ukunambitha inkathazo:

• ubhungane
• amazambane
• iklabishi
• ukhukhamba
• upelepele
• utamatisi
• amakhabe
• amakhabe
• ubhekilanga
• sitrobheli
• iparsley
• ubhontshisi
• ukolweni
• oats
• ummbila
• amabele
• izihlahla ezahlukahlukene

Umuntu oyedwa ngobusuku ngabunye angabulala izitshalo ezingaba ngu-15.

Ezindaweni ezifudumele, lesi sinambuzane sidla izithelo zamawolintshi, ukotini, itiye, amantongomane. Emasimini ezihlahla, izihlahla zihlupheka ngotshani beklabishi: i-cherry, eliphakathi kwe, apple apple, peach, apricot. Emahlathini, izimpande zezihlahla ezincane zingena ekudleni kwa mabhungane: i-oki, uphayini, isipinashi, i-beech.

Umuntu omdala ungumhlaseli odla izikelemu, izimbungulu, izibungu zikaMeyi no-Colorado. Imvamisa, izitshalo ziyafa ngoba iklabishi lihamba ngaphansi komhlaba lifuna ukudla kwezilwane futhi lilimaza uhlelo lwezimpande olusendleleni yalo.

Izibungu zebhere zidla ezimpandeni ezincane, imbewu, izibungu, izibungu ezincane zezinambuzane, ngoba kuholela ekuhlaleni kokuhlala phansi futhi kuye kwakhula nemihlathi engemihle.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ibhere yisinambuzane noma isilwane esakha isidleke emhlabathini. Izindonga zawo zingumhlabathi ominyeneyo. Ngaphakathi kuyisitokisi esinamaqanda. Isidleke sitholakala eduze komphezulu, imvamisa ngasohlangothini lukabhede welanga. Isikhathi sokuzalela amabhere siqala ngoMeyi, siphela engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinambuzane zikwazi ukukhuluma kakhulu ebusuku.

Ukuvela kwezibungu kusuka emaqanda kuthatha inyanga. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingenamaphiko, zinemilenze emide ngemuva, njengezintethe. Ngisho nezilwane ezincane zinemisipha ebuthakathaka. Zidla kuphela izimpande ezincane, izibungu ezincane, nokuhlafuna umquba.

Kodwa-ke, imihlathi yebhere endala ayanele ukuluma umuntu. Kepha lesi sinambuzane singancipha umphambili, amalunga aguquliwe ngomunwe. Ama-spiky aphuma emilenzeni yesinambuzane agobhoza esikhunjeni, njengama-splinters. Ngakho-ke umbuzo obuvama wokuthi ingabe ibhere iyaluma. Abalimi bathatha ukuluma lokho abayikho ngempela.

Abalimi abangenalwazi bavame ukudida izibungu zamabhungane ngezibungu zamabhere

Kuguqukela kubantu abadala, izibungu zebhere zichithe izikhathi ezi-8-10, zithola "i-carapace" entsha. Kuthatha iminyaka engu-1-2 ukukhula. Okokukhiqiza kabusha, kusale enye eyi-1.5. Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3.5, amabhere akuvamile ukuba aphile.

Uma lesi sinambuzane singafanga ukufa kwaso, siyodliwa hhayi njalo yizinyoni. Emazweni ase-Asia, ngokwesibonelo eThailand, ibhele libhekwa njengokudla okumnandi. Kwezinye izifundazwe, izinambuzane zithathwa ngokudoba njengesiheho. Ngakho-ke amabhere awela emihlathini yamapiki nezimbobo.

Bear Incazelo nesithombe

Isinambuzane sebhere sinezimpondo zangaphambili, sikhulu, sinsundu, ngakho-ke siqhathaniswa nebhere elinsundu. Ngakho igama. Phakathi kwabantu, ibhungane, elithanda ukudla izithombo ezincane zeklabishi, lathola igama lesibili - "iklabishi".

Izithombe ezithathiwe: michel-candel Gryllotalpa - Orthoptera (ilayisense)

Izithombe ezithathwe yiMirandaKate mole cricket (ilayisense)

Kukhona negama lesiLatini elisemthethweni - iGryllotalpa, elisho ukuthi "ikhilikithi-imvukuzane." Ikhilikithi neklabishi zinesakhiwo esifanayo somzimba futhi zinamandla okwenza imisindo. Ukufana kwesimo semvukuzane kulelikhono lokuhamba ngaphansi komhlaba usebenzisa amabhulashi anwetshiwe wangaphambili.

Ibhere elijwayelekile linokubukeka okwesabekayo. Ubude bomzimba wakhe, kucatshangelwa umsila namadevu, ngu-12 cm.

Incazelo eningilizayo, isithombe nezimpawu zebhere:

• ukuma komzimba we-cylindrical
• ubude bomzimba 5-7 cm, ikhanda nesisu kuvikelwe igobolondo
• amawele amatende kanye amadevu amade ekhanda
• izimbambo ezimbili zamaphiko (eyokuqala imfushane futhi i-oval, eyesibili incane futhi yinde), igoqwe emhlane, ngosizo lwamaphiko anjalo iklabishi lingandizela phezulu lide ngamamitha ayi-5 ukusuka emhlabathini
• bulging, amehlo amancane
• ifosholo elimise okotshani futhi elikhulu ngemisuka, ngosizo lwayo lesi sinambuzane sidonsa kalula emhlabathini
• imilenze yesibili ebhangqiwe yinde futhi incane, yenzelwe ukunyakaza okusheshayo ebusweni bomhlaba
• imilenze emide emhlane ivumela izinambuzane ukuba zigxume

Ukuthi ibhere ibukeka kanjani futhi izibungu zayo zingabonakala esithombeni.

Ukulwa nebhere engadini akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Ezinye izibungu nabantu abadala badliwa yizinyoni, izilwane ezingavikeleki, ezihlala ngaphansi komhlaba. Kepha abalimi kusafanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuqeda iklabishi ukusindisa izilimo ekufeni.

Imvamisa, izakhamizi zasehlobo uqobo zinegalelo ekubonakala kwesibulala-zinambuzane engadini lapho zingenisa umquba ukuze zivundise inhlabathi lapho kuhlala khona iklabishi abesifazane nezibungu zazo.

Ama-patomy anatom nempilo

IMedvedka isisulu esikhulu se-orthoptera. Umzimba wakhe uqukethe i-cephalothorax nesisu futhi ungafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-6.

IMedvedka iyingozi kuzo zonke izilimo ezitshalwe engadini, kepha iyingozi ikakhulukazi ezimpandeni zamatamatisi, iklabishi, izaqathe, upelepele wensimbi nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane. Lesi sinambuzane sidla izimpande zemifino, okuholela ekufeni kwayo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthola izakhi zomhlabathi

Ekhanda kukhona amehlo amabili amakhulu, izimpondo kanye namatende. Imilenze yangaphambili imfushane, kepha inamandla impela, njengoba yenzelwe ukumba izindiza ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ekupheleni kwesisu kunezinqubo ezimbili kuze kufike ku-1 cm ubude.

Inkathazo ine-elytra namaphiko amakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ihamba kahle emoyeni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubhukuda kahle futhi ugijima ngokushesha, kodwa nokho ukhetha ukuchitha inqwaba yempilo yakhe ngaphansi komhlaba.

Umjikelezo wempilo yebhere uyinkimbinkimbi impela. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ehlala ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, izinsikazi zakha izidleke futhi zibeke amaqanda. Kwibhodi eyodwa kungafinyelela izibungu ezingama-500 ezizayo.

Isidleke sitholakala ekujuleni kuka-10-15 cm futhi sibukeka njengesigaxa esincane sobumba esinamagumbi angaphakathi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle amaqanda nokwakheka kwezibungu, kudingeka umswakama omningi, olawulwa ngowesifazane, uvala indawo yokungena uma kunesidingo.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-18, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni. Ngaphandle, ziyefana nabantu abadala, kepha ubukhulu bawo nokuntuleka kwamaphiko kuyahlukaniswa. Ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, isizukulwane esisha sidlula emhubheni ophelile, sidla izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10-12, ukukhula okuncane kufinyelela usayizi womuntu omkhulu futhi uyakwazi ukumba imigqa engaphansi komhlaba uqobo.

I-Kapustyanka / Medvedka - isinambuzane esifinyelela ku-5-8 cm ubude, sinogobolondo obukhulu futhi sichitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi komhlaba. Ikhiqiza kabusha futhi ihamba ngokushesha amabanga amade.

Kunezimpawu ezintathu zokuhlonza ukubukeka kwebhere ekhishini lasehlobo:

• ukubuna kwezitshalo
• ukubonakala komhlaba waphezulu kwezimbobo ezijulile ezinobubanzi obufika ku-1.5 cm,
• ukuba khona kwemikhondo yobumba ebonakala kahle ngemuva kwemvula noma ukuthambisa.

Njengoba ubonile lezi zibonakaliso kusayithi lakho, thatha izinyathelo zokulwa nale nkathazo. Lokhu kuzosindisa isivuno futhi kuvikele ukukhula okusheshayo kwesibalo seklabishi.

I-crustacean / bhere yodaka iyingozi esithelweni - idla ama-tubers nezimpande zezilimo zemifino, okuholela ekushwabeni nasekufeni. Izimbungulu nje ezimbalwa zingakwazi 'ukucheba' indawo enkulu ebekiwe

Izicupho zobhiya

Amabhere awakwazi ukumelana nalesi siphuzo. Izicupho zenziwa ngezimbiza noma ngamabhodlela engilazi: kugaywa umgodi emhlabathini (ngesithambeka), uthele ama-50 g kuwo, bese eboshwe nge-gauze ngaphezulu. Izinambuzane zigaya i-cheesecloth futhi ziwela ogibeni ezingeke ziphume kuzo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ibhange lizobe ligcwele amabhere futhi kuzoba lula ukuwacekela phansi.

Izicupho zoju

Enye indlela yokususa ibhere ngemithi yesintu kungaba ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho zoju.

Akhiwe ngokuya ngomgomo wendlela edlule, kepha ubhiya uthathelwa indawo uju, kuthi esikhundleni se-gauze, basebenzisa ucezu lwensimbi noma amakhadibhodi amboze umsele phakathi. Lapho isicupho sigcwele kumele sibeke esinye esisha.

I-Eggshell

Ebusika, ungakwazi ukuqoqa amaqanda. Ixubaniswa ne-oyela yemifino bese ithululelwa emigodini ebunjiwe ibhere. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kungakhipha nebhere endaweni. Ungaphindisela igobolondo libe yimpuphu bese uhlangana nomhlabathi lapho ukutshala kuhlelwa khona. Uma lesi sinambuzane sinambitha igobolondo, lizokufa.

Sebenzisa iphunga elingathandeki lebhere

Amanye amakha asabisa lezi zinambuzane. Lokhu kufaka amakha:

• amaqabunga enkawu negalikhi, ama-anyanisi husks (asakazeka ngqo emibhedeni),
• amagatsha ezinaliti, umoyondiya, i-alder, i-chrysanthemum (bumba emhlabathini),
• ama-marigolds, ama-marigold, ubhontshisi, ifilakisi (elitshalwe ezindaweni ezihlukene engadini),
• amakhanda kanye nomsila wezinhlanzi (wangcwatshwa emibhedeni phakathi kwezitshalo).

Lawo maphunga angavikela ukuvikela ibhere amasonto ama-2 (ngaphandle kwemithombo yokunuka iphunga).

Izindunduma zobulongwe bheti

Izinambuzane zingasuswa ngokuhlela izicupho zomquba: izinqwaba zomquba kumele zibekwe kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele, amabhere ngokuqinisekile azokhasa kuwo futhi aqale ukudala imisele kuwo yokuzalela amaqanda. Ngemuva kokubheka isicupho esinjalo nokuthola izinambuzane kuso, udinga ukusishisa. Kulokhu, abantu abadala bayobhujiswa kanye nezibungu.

Le yindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula izinambuzane. Ungalungisa “indawo yokubusika yokubulala izinambuzane” kusenesikhathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bhala izimbobo ezindaweni ezihlukene endaweni yasekhishi ehlobo ekwindla sekwedlule bese uzigcwalisa ngomquba noma umquba. Ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, okuqukethwe imigodi kusakazeke ebusweni ngefosholo. Izinambuzane azinaso isikhathi sokudonsela emhlabathini bese zibanda.

Umgodi wokuzingela

Indlela yakudala yokubamba ibhere

Esikhathini sekwindla, endaweni lapho amabhele ahlala khona, agaya izimbobo eziningana kuze kufike ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-0,8, umquba wamahhashi noma umquba ufakwa emigodini, ngemuva kokuba izinambuzane zinqume ukuthi ubusika lapho, izimbobo zivuleka futhi zichithe izinambuzane.

Kusuka egobolondweni

Izingodo Ezivamile Zeklabishi

Isihebe senziwa ngamagobolondo amaqanda aqhobozekile kanye namafutha ka-sunflower angachaziwe.

Ngemuva kokuthi iklabishi selidle "ukuphatha" okunjalo, lizoba nokugayeka okubulalayo.

Ungazama "ukwelapha" ibhere kanye nethini lokudla okubandayo.

Ukudla okunjalo kukhanga izinambuzane

Ukuze uyilungiselele, hlanganisa uhhafu wekilo wepalishi elibiliswe kahle (i-oatmeal, ibhali, i-buckwheat) nethisipuni elilodwa lamafutha ka-sunflower angenakuchazwa kanye ne-ampoule eyodwa ye-Regent.

Ibheyithi ibekwe emaphepheni ebhere ngesipuni se-0.3-0,5 bese ifafazwa ngomhlaba.

Ungalungisa futhi isheyisi kusuka okusanhlamvu (ibhali, ummbila, ukolweni), okusanhlamvu kubilisiwe futhi kuxutshwe uwoyela we-sunflower kanye nemetaphoster (amagremu angama-50 ngekhilogremu ngayinye).

Kusuka isinkwa

Ibheji elenziwe ngesinkwa elinomentshisi nalo lizosiza ekulweni nebhere.

Ukuze uthole isiheho esinjalo, udinga isinkwa esimnyama esimnyama, esimiswe ngamanzi, uxove bese uqingqa amabhola amancane.

Ebhokisini ngalinye izinti eziyi-10 ziqondise phansi.

Ngemuva kokuthi amabhola wesinkwa atholiswe lula, umentshisi uyakhutshwa, isheyizi ligingqwa amabhola amancanyana bese lisakazwa ezungeze ingadi, noma lifakwe ngqo lapho uhamba khona.

Amakhemikhali avela ebhele

Njengamanje, kunamalungiselelo amakhemikhali ahlose ngqo ukulwa nebhere, futhi, ngokwencazelo yawo, awazilimazi abanye abahlali bama-dachas.

Imvamisa, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zihlakazwa emanzini, emva kwalokho isixazululo sithululelwa emibhedeni noma emafulethini.

Zama ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali njengezinyathelo sokugcina

Amakhemikhali anamuhla okulwa nemithi afaka:

• I-Bankol (icindezela uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwezinambuzane), umkhiqizo awuqoqeki enhlabathini futhi awubeki songo ezilwaneni,
• Thunder. Ithuluzi libekwa eceleni kokuhamba kwebhere lithululelwe ngamanzi. Umphumela uhlala amasonto amabili,
• I-Phenaxin Plus. Ibheyizi le-granular, eliheha ibhere ngokuhogela nokunambitha, ngemuva kokudla i-phenaxin, lesi sinambuzane siyafa,
• I-Grizzly bear Ngokucophelela ubulala izibungu, ngemuva kokucubungula bafa ngosuku, umphumela uthatha amasonto amane,
• I-Medvetox. Umphumela uyefana nowe-phenaxin, ukuwuqinisa, i-bait ingathelwa ngo-oyili we-sunflower ongachazwanga,
• I-Rembek. Lokhu kusetshenzwe ngamakhemikhali kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali, okubekwe kuwo imigodi ngezithombo zezimbali nemifino.

Abathengisi

Zama ukuphindisela kwezinambuzane

Umphumela omncane wokusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi asezingeni eliphansi kungaba kuphela lapho usebenzisa abathengisi abanjalo ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zamakhemikhali nezobuchwepheshe zokulawula.

Kusebenza kakhudlwana futhi kuphephile ukubhekana neklabishi ngemithi yabantu.

Izithombe zebhere emhlabathini

1. Indlela ilungele intwasahlobo nehlobo. Umphumela omkhulu ungatholakala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokumba ingadi. Thatha ishidi lensimbi noma amashidi wesilayidi. Spread elangeni ukuze insimbi ifudumale kahle elangeni. UKapustyanka ukhasa ukuphuma ukuze afudumale. Ngemuva kwalokho uyayibhubhisa.
2. indlela. Ukuze usindise izithombo ezincane, ukhipha izitshalo ezimboziwe ngephepha eliminyene ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu kuvikela kuzosiza ekuvikeleni isiqu sesitshalo. Izithombo ziba namandla futhi inkathazo ayisakwazi ukuyicekela phansi.
3. indlela. Tshala izitshalo ezingazithandi lezi zinambuzane. Amabhere awuthandi iphunga lama-marigolds. Ngokutshala le mbali engathembeki phakathi kombhede nezitshalo, ungaxosha inambuzane elimazayo esizeni sakho.
4. indlela. Ungasusa neklabishi ngosizo lwebhanela le-banal champagne. Faka ubusi nejamuthi lapho futhi ugaye intamo. Izinambuzane uqobo ziyowela ogibeni.
5. indlela. Izintambo ezimbozwe ngophalafini futhi zeluleke nxazonke komhlabathi ezizungeze zona zizosiza ukulondolozela lo greenhouse.

Amanzi nge-powder yokuwasha

Noma iyiphi i-powder engabizi ihlanganiswe emanzini ngengxenye ye-4 tbsp. nezinkezo nge-10 amalitha. Leli khambi lithululelwa emigodini etholakala engadini. Njengomthetho, amalitha ama-3 wesisombululo esiphumela athululelwa emthonjeni owodwa. Kepha kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi ingavimba inhlabathi futhi ilimaze uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukusebenzisa kabi le ndlela.

Amakhemikhali Ngokulwa Namabhere

Lokhu kufaka phakathi: "Phenoxin Plus", "Prestige 290 FS", "Actar 25 WG", "Medvetoks", "Bankol", "Thunder". Ama-granules alala lapho kuvuleka izikhala. Ngosuku olulandelayo, izinambuzane ziyafa. Ungalungisa nesibambo sebhere bese ufaka enye yezidakamizwa ezingenhla ekubunjweni kwayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bilisa iphalishi (pearl ibhali noma ukolweni), engeza ubhiya kanye nomuthi.

Le nhlanganisela idluliselwa emabhola amancane ibekwe ezindaweni zokuqongelela kwemisele yezinambuzane ezinamaqabunga, kanye nasemibhedeni edinga ukuvikelwa kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, emibhedeni enezitshalo ezimpande, iklabishi, amazambane, ukhukhamba notamatisi). Ngendlela, ungadonsela ibhere ngokuxuba amakhemikhali nezinhlamvu ezihluma zikhukhamba.

Amafutha

Ukuze kuqedwe lesi sinambuzane, emigqeni yemibhede imigudu ifafazwa ngengxube yephalafishi nesihlabathi. Ungaphinde uhlanganise ne-100 ml kaphalafini ne-1 litre lamanzi bese uthelela ezingxenyeni ezimbiwe ngebhere. Lesi sinambuzane singalimaza izimpande zezitshalo hhayi kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa nakwezokushisa okuluhlaza. Ukuvikela izitshalo ezigcina ukushisa ngokuphehla uphethiloli, zithambisa intambo bese zisibeka eduze kwesakhiwo, uma kunjalo iphunga liyesabisa ibhere.

Ukulinganisa Isinkwa

Moisten isinkwa esinsundu ngamanzi, usike bese ukhipha amabhola ambalwa osayizi walnut kuwo. Ebholeni ngalinye, unamathela umugqa ongu-10-16 namakhanda wesibabule ngaphakathi. Lapho isinkwa sithamba, susa umentshisi, bese wenza amancanyana emabhola - usayizi wethanga. Hlakaza le nyambo uzungeze engadini bese ubeka izingcezu ezimbalwa ngqo lapho uhamba ibhere.

Amanzi anensipho

Faka insipho noma insipho yetha (100 g) emanzini (10 l) bese uthela uketshezi oluholela kwizimbobo ezenziwe ngebhere emfudlaneni omncane ngesilinganiso se-2 l ukujika ngakunye. Sika izinambuzane eziphuma emgodini ngefosholo. Abanye, abangatholanga ndlela yokuphuma, bazokufa ngomshoshaphansi.

Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa i-detergent esikhundleni sensipho, ngoba inama-phosphates, flavour zokwenziwa nezinye izithasiselo ezingenandawo emhlabathini.

Amakha aphendukayo

Ibhere alithandi iphunga lezitshalo ezithile. Tshala ama-marigolds, i-calendula, ama-chrysanthemums engadini. Beka amagatsha weConifers (uphayini, i-spruce, i-fir) phakathi kwemibhede, unamathela amagatsha ama-aspen amasha noma amagatsha we-alder (empeleni anamagxolo) amasentimitha angama-2,5 ungene emhlabathini ukujula kwama-30 cm.

Ungalungisa futhi ukumiliswa kwe-anyanisi husks kanye ne-shed shed move uhamba nabo. Noma faka ama-clove egalikhi ezinkomeni.

Amabhere futhi anezitha zemvelo: ama-starlings, ama-crows, amaqhude, izingwamza, ama-hedgehogs. Bakhange esizeni - futhi "abalingani bakho" bakho bazokwehlisa inani lale inkathazo engaphansi komhlaba.

Ibhele elinoshevu

• Amanzi anensipho. I-15 g yensipho yokuwasha noma i-powder encane yokuwasha iyoncibilika ebhakedeni lamanzi. Izinhlayiya zezinambuzane zithululelwa ngesisombululo esinjalo - ibhere liyaphuma, lapho lingabulawa khona, noma lifele ngaphakathi.
• Amafutha. U-oyela uhlanganiswa nesihlabathi nezindlela ezifafazwe eceleni kwemibhede nezitshalo, noma umgodi ogayiwe ngebhere uthululwa ngengxube yephalafini namanzi.
• Amoniya I-50 ml ye-ammonia ifakwa emgqonyeni wamanzi, kuthi uma utshala izithombo, 500 g yomkhiqizo ithululelwa emthonjeni ngamunye.

I-Bear ingafakwa ubuthi ngepalafini

Okubi kwendlela: ukugeza ngamanzi anensipho kungalimaza ama-rhizomes ezitshalo futhi kuvuze inhlabathi.

Okuphindisayo

• Omile bese unquma ukhipha izigaxa ze-chrysanthemum, amagatsha izinaliti ze-alder. Faka izimbobo lapho utshala izithombo.
• Amaqabunga ugalikhi noma iminti, ikhasi le-anyanisi. Ibekwe ngqo emibhedeni ezungeze lonke uzungu lwesakhiwo sengadi.
• Izithombo zemarigold, marigold, ifilakisi, ubhontshisi. Kutshalwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zekotishi lasehlobo.
• Izinhlanzana ezincane ezonakele kancane zibusabisa ibhere kude nezilimo. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izithombo zenhlanzi zingcwatshwa zingene ku-3-4 cm ngokujulile emhlabathini.

Ububi bale ndlela: ukuhogela kungasabisa ibhere isikhashana, futhi kuzobalekela kubo kuphela embhedeni oseduze.

Isisombululo esisebenzayo nesifakazelwe sesebhele igobolondo leqanda. Uchobozekile futhi uxutshwe namafutha zemifino, emva kwalokho "ikhambi" lithululelwa emcwabeni webhere. Lapho sesidlile isiheho esinjalo, lesi sinambuzane siyafa ngokushesha. Amagobolondo amaqanda angachotshozwa futhi axutshwe nenhlabathi lapho kuhlelwa khona ukutshala.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala yebhere

IMedvedka yisinambuzane esikhulu esikhulu esingesokuhleleka kwe-orthoptera. Kunezinhlobo zedatha ezingaphezu kwe-100 zama-arthropods asakazwayo. Umuntu omdala angafinyelela kumasentimitha angu-5 ubude.

Ngokuya kwencazelo yebhere, alifani nezinye izinambuzane - izimpondo zangaphambili zithuthukiswe kahle futhi zakhiwa ukuze kugandwe umhlabathi ngokushesha nangaphandle kokuphikisana. Zinjengezinyawo zemvukuzane kunebug. Ibhere livame cishe yonke indawo, ezindaweni ezahlukene lingathwala amagama ahlukile, njengomdlavuza wobumba, i-vovchok, iklabishi.

Empilweni nasesithombeni, ibhere libukeka liyesabisa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezandulelo ezinkulu. Bonke abameleli balezi zinhlobo bahlala bodwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Ezimweni ezikhethekile, angafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-8 ubude. Hlala kwizimbobo ezimba ngokuzimela.

IMedvedka ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama, efudumele kahle. Njengomthetho, isisu isikhathi esiphindwe kathathu kune-cephalothorax, esingafani nezinye izinambuzane, sithambile kakhulu, sibumbeke esimweni, esingamasentimitha ayi-1 ububanzi.

Ekupheleni kwesisu kunezinwele ezimbili ezimfishane ezibizwa nge- “circuses”. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela ubude be-1 centimeter. Ikhanda lebhere liyiselula impela, lingacasha, uma kungenzeka kube nengozi, ngaphansi kwengubo yesifuba.

Ikhanda lithweswe umqhele ngamehlo amabili, amadevu nezinsimbi. Kukhona amatende angama-4 esewonke, atholakala ezungeze umlomo. I-paws yangaphambili yakhelwe ukumba umhlabathi futhi ihluke kakhulu kwamanye amalungu.

Ngaphandle kokuthi lesi sinambuzane sihlala ngaphansi komhlaba, amaphiko aso enomqhele ngamaphiko amabili amade (ngesinye isikhathi eside kunomzimba). Njengomthetho, ibhere limdaka onsundu noma liphuzi elimnyama, likhanya libheke phansi.

Uma kunesidingo, ibhere liphonsa amaphiko amade futhi lingakwazi ukuhamba emoyeni, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-5. Kunabantu futhi abangenazimpiko, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi ibhere ibukeka kanjani - konke kuya ngezinhlobo.

Ukulwa nebhere

Ungathola ukuthi ibhere ixazululwe esizeni, ungabona emhlabathini ovusiwe emibhedeni, ezinqwabeni zenhlabathi ezigoqiwe, zibonakala kahle ngemuva kwemvula. Lesi sinambuzane sisebenza kakhulu ngoMeyi, ngalesi sikhathi aqala ukukhasa siphuma enhlabathini esivele ifudumele. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukwenza imigodi engashoni emhlabathini futhi uwagcwalise ngomquba omusha oxutshwe notshani obunjiwe. Amabhere ahlangana emigodini ebeka amaqanda ukudala izimo ezinhle zezibungu zazo. Ngemuva kwenyanga, yonke into ekule migibe, kufaka phakathi izibungu, iyakhutshwa ishiswe.

Ukuqothula lesi sinambuzane, udinga ukuthola izidleke zazo. Ehlobo basemhlabathini ngokujula okungatheni, bayatholakala nalapho bemba. Izidleke ezimbiwe zikhishwa ngobumnene ngenhlama yomhlaba, zifakwe esitsheni bese zichithwa. Kuyelulekwa ukwenza lokhu ngaphandle kokuvumela owesifazane abaleke. Uma ekwazi ukuphunyula, bese ubeka imvuthuluka enobuthi kuzo zonke izindlela ezitholakele.

Kukhona enye indlela yokubhubhisa inkathazo, ngemuva kokuthola isidleke, udinga ukusigcwalisa ngamanzi anensipho ukuze ingene kuzo zonke izigaba zokumba. Isixazululo sensipho - i-10 g yensipho yokuwasha ihlanganiswe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, i-50 g yempuphu yokuwasha iyangezwa kusisombululo.Ungagcwalisa izindinyana ngamafutha zemifino namanzi - hlanganisa 1 tbsp. l Amafutha anamalitha ama-4 amanzi.

Uma ukwazile ukubona inkathazo ngasekupheleni kwesizini, bese ulinda kuze kube ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lehla laya ku-8 degrees (kodwa hhayi phansi), lungiselela imigodi yokuzingela, ukujula okungama-50-60 cm, amboze izindonga zawo nangaphansi ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki, ugcwalise umquba oqale ukushisa futhi amboze konke ngohlobo oluthile lwesembozo. Ngemuva kokuqothuka kwesithwathwa, susa indle lapho amabhele abuthene khona emigodini awusakaze emibhedeni. Izinambuzane zizofa ngokushisa okuphansi, lapho sekushisa okungenani ama-5 degrees ziyeka ukunyakaza.

Indlela yokuphila

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi ungasusa kanjani inkathazo enjalo, umuntu kufanele azi indlela yokuphila yebhere. Kwisinambuzane, izigaba eziningana zokuthuthuka zihlukaniswa - kusuka kwiqanda kuya kumuntu okhulile (imago).

Ukuhlwanyelwa nokuzalela kuqala ngoMeyi, futhi kuqhubeka kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele. Iklabishi labadala lihlala unyaka owodwa nesigamu. Ezimweni ezidalwe ngokwenziwe, isikhathi sakhe sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni emi-3. Futhi wonke umjikelezo wokuphila uthatha iminyaka emi-5.

Yini ukwesaba

Iklabishi inezitha zemvelo. Izilwane eziningi ziyayidla, ihlangabezana nezifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta, futhi kubukeka njengesixhumanisi esiphakathi nenqubo yokuzala kwezinye izinambuzane.

Lokho ibhere ekwesabayo nokuthi ngubani okufaka ingozi kuye:

• enezinwele
• izinduku
• izilwane ezincelisayo ezingavikeleki,
• ezihuquzelayo
• ama-amphibians
• ama-arachnids
• amakati.

Usayizi webhere uncishiswa ngenxa yezifo zokukhunta. Izimbungulu zemibhede kanye neminyovu zihlanganisa impilo yalesi sinambuzane. Bahluma iklabishi, bakhiqiza inzalo yabo (bebeka amaqanda emzimbeni wayo).

Lapho kuhlala khona

Ukudalwa kwasendaweni yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuhlukile, kepha konke kuhlangene lapho kuhlala khona ibhere. Uma ubusika busubulala lesi sinambuzane singene shí emhlabathini. Bakha isidleke sabo ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2. Ngokuvamile bahlala phansi kwenqwaba yomquba wenkomo noma ngqo kuwo.

Iqala kabusha umsebenzi wayo ngokufika kokushisa lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku +12 ° C. Emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele, kubangela unyaka wonke.

Ukuluma noma cha

Abantu abaningi bayakhathazeka ngokuthi ibhere iyaluma noma cha. Ukuze kwenziwe lokho, inambuzane kumele ibe nesakhiwo esikhethekile semishini yomlomo. Njengomthetho, kufanele ibe nenguqulo yokubhoboza yesakhiwo.

Ngosizo lwazo, izimpande zemisipha yezinambuzane, iziqu zeminyene yezitshalo, zihlafuna ukudla okuminyene. Futhi nemishini yokusebenzisa ngomlomo ifakwe i-pair of tentacle, ikuvumela ukuthi uthole bese ubamba ukudla.

Isinambuzane asikwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi ngalesi sisetshenziswa. Ukuluma isikhumba, akuhlosiwe. Futhi, ibhere alinaso isidingo esinjalo (alidonseli igazi). Ngokusobala, izimpukane zeklabishi aziluma.

Ngenqubo le, ucindezela izitho zakhe zibambene nesandla somuntu, abangele imizwa ebuhlungu engathandeki, kwesinye isikhathi ethathwa njengokuluma. Kepha lokhu kuyiphutha elivamile.

Ibhere yisinambuzane esingabeki usongo kubantu, kodwa elimaza kakhulu cishe zonke izilimo zasengadini. Unalokhu engqondweni, uma isilunguzane esinjalo sitholakala kungcolile waso, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuze ziqedwe.