I-turpan ye-mosagated (i-Melanitta perspicillata) noma i-turpan ebheke kobuso obumhlophe ingeyomndeni wamadada, ama-anseriformes.
I-Variegated Turpan (Melanitta perspicillata)
Incazelo
I-turpan ehlukahlukene kusuka ku-46 kuya ku-55 cm ubude, inesisindo esisuka ku-800 kuya ku-1200 g, ngamaphiko angama-90 cm. I-plumage imnyama, abesilisa banezici ezimbili ezimhlophe emakhanda abo kanye noqhwaku lomhlophe-obomvu. Imilenze yabesilisa ibomvu, amehlo enomngcele omhlophe. Engubeni yokugqoka ebusika, umbala woqhwaku lowesilisa awucacisi kangako.
Umbala wezinsikazi zinsundu ngombala onsundu. Kulokhu, umbala womzimba umnyama ukwedlula ikhanda nentamo. Uqhwaku limpunga emnyama. Imilenze iphuzi-orenji. Imicibisholo imhlophe. Engutsheni yasebusika, iplamu liba nsundu ngokufana. I-plumage yezinyoni ezincane ifana ne-plumage yezinsikazi.
I-turpan eluhlaza okwejwayelekile ivame ukuba inyoni ethule kakhulu. Abesilisa abangama-Nesting bakhipha ikhwela elithule, kanye nezingcingo ezibukhali ze- “fart-fart”. Owesifazane umemeza athi "guttural-kraraak-kraraak" ngesikhathi sokuzala. Izinyoni ezincane zixwayiswa ngengozi ngokukhala okubukhali kwe- "kraa".
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo esidlekayo yezinhlobo isuka eCentral Alaska ibheke ngasenyakatho iya ogwini lwaseMackenzie. Endleleni eya empumalanga - e-Hudson's Bay nasenkabeni yeLabrador. Ezweni eliphakathi nenyakatho yeNyakatho Melika, uhla lwe-nestpated luguqubile lugqagqene ngobubanzi be-turpan. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lama-turp e-waxgated likhulu cishe izikhathi eziyishumi kunesibalo sabantu be turpan. Yize imininingwane engezansi ingachazwanga ngalolu hlobo lwamadada, uhla lwalo lubhekwa njengokudwengulwa.
Ebusika, amadada angabhekwa bobabili ogwini lolwandle lwePacific nolwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic, kanye nakuLwandle Olukhulu. Kusebusika empumalanga ebangeni labo lokuya eBaja California. Kubantu basePacific, eCalifornia naseBaja California yizifunda ezibaluleke kakhulu zobusika. I-turpan eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala ihlala eScotland naseNorway ebusika (iTrondheim Fjord).
I-turpan eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyinyoni enamahloni. Ihlala emachibini amancanyana naphakathi nendawo emahlathini we-taiga coniffort. Kodwa-ke, ukhetha izindawo ezinamanzi amaningi aphansi komhlaba. Ebusika, ihlala emanzini asogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho, awuhambi ngaphezu kwe-1 km ukusuka ezweni, uncamela amadamu ngokujula okungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-10. Ngokuvamile, izinyoni zisebenzisa ugu olusebenzisa igagasi elinamandla.
Umsoco
I-turpan ye-waxgated idla ama-mollusks, ama-bivalves, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane kanye ne-algae. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, sikhuluma ngezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile. Ebusika naphakathi kokuncibilika, ihlala ogwini futhi iyondla, okokuqala, emiqhudelwaneni. Izinyoni zezinyoni zivame ukuntywila ngokulandelana.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-turpan ezixubile.
I-turpan eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enobukhulu bomzimba obungu-48 - 55 cm, amaphiko angama-78 - 92 cm. Isisindo: 907 - 1050 g. Ifana ne-turpan emnyama ngosayizi, kepha ngekhanda elikhudlwana nangomlomo oqinile, inamandla amakhulu kunalezo zinhlobo ezihlobene. Owesilisa unenqwaba yezinhlamvu zombala omnyama onamabala amakhulu amhlophe ebunzini nangasemuva kwekhanda.
Lezi zimpawu zibonakala zikude, futhi ikhanda libukeka limhlophe ngokuphelele. Ehlobo nasekwindla, emuva kwekhanda kumnyama, amabala amhlophe ayanyamalala, kodwa abuye avele phakathi nobusika. Uqhwaku luhle kakhulu, lubonakala ngemichilo yewolintshi, emnyama nomhlophe - lesi sikhombisi sokuhlonza izinhlobo asinakuqhathaniswa ngokuphelele futhi sihambisana ngokuphelele nencazelo ye "motley". Insikazi ine-plumage emsundu emnyama. Kune-cap ekhanda, amabala amhlophe ezinhlangothini afana ne turpan encane nsundu. Ikhanda elimise okomshini kanye nokungabikho kwezindawo ezimhlophe emaphikweni kusiza ukwahlukanisa insikazi ye-turpan enezihlahla ezixubile kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-turpan ezixubile.
I-turpan turpan ihlala eduze namachibi e-tundra, amachibi nemifula. Kuvamile futhi emahlathini asenyakatho noma ezindaweni ezivulekile ze-taiga. Ebusika noma ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, igcinwa emanzini asogwini futhi kuvikeleke imifula. Lolu hlobo lwezidleke ze-turpan emachibini amancane anamanzi ahlanzekile emahlathini e-boreal noma e-tundra. Ubusika olwandle ezindaweni ezingashoni neziyingi. Ngenkambiso yokufuduka, idla amachibi asemanzini.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-turpan enemibala ehlukahlukene.
Kunokufana kanye nokwehluka okuningi ngendlela ama-turp e-waxgated abamba ngayo izinhlanzi.
Ngendlela yokudonsa ama-turpans, ungahlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene komunye nomunye.
Laphontywiliselwa emanzini, izimfudu ezixubile, njengomthetho, zigxuma ziye phambili, zivule amaphiko azo, futhi zelule izintamo zazo, lapho izinyoni zigobhoza emanzini, zinweba amaphiko azo. I-turpan emnyama igeleza ngamaphiko asongelwe, iyicindezele okhalweni, bese yehlisa ikhanda layo. Kepha i-turpan emnyama, noma ivula amaphiko ayo ngengxenye, ayisho ukuthi yehle emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindawo ziziphatha ngokuthula, akunakushiwo ngefudu elixutshwe nalutho. Amadada alezi zinhlobo akhombisa umsebenzi ophakeme futhi ohlukile wezwi. Ngokuya ngokwenzeka kanye nesimo, bakhipha amakhwela noma amasondo.
Owesifazane
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-turpan enemibala ehlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni. Ama-turgs ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene ahlala ngambili noma ngamaqembu anobuhlakani ekucindezelweni okungajulile. Isidleke sitholakala emhlabathini, eduze nolwandle, ichibi noma umfula, emahlathini noma kuyi-tundra. Ifihlwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma otshanini obude eduze namanzi. Umgodi ufakwe ngotshani oluthambile, amahlumela phansi. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda angama-5-9 wombala wekhilimu.
Amaqanda anesisindo esingu-55-79 amagremu, ububanzi bawo buphakathi kuka-43,9 mm nobude obungu-62.4 mm.
Kwesinye isikhathi, mhlawumbe ngengozi, ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi izidleke, izinsikazi zidida izidleke futhi zibeke amaqanda kubantu abangazazi. Ukubambeka kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-28 kuye kwezingama-30, idada lihlala esidlekeni ngokuqinile. Ama-turpans asencane azimele lapho esondele ezinsukwini ezingama-55 ubudala. Ukudla kwabo kunqunywa ubukhona be-invertebrates emanzini amasha. Ama-turpans ahlukahlukene angakwazi ukuzala ngemuva kweminyaka emibili.
Owesilisa
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-turpan enemibala ehlukahlukene.
Inani le-turpan yomhlaba wonke libalelwa ezigidini ezingama-250,000-1,300,000, kanti inani labantu baseRussia balinganiselwa kumaphesenti ayi-100 okuzala. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokukhulu uyehla, yize inani lezinyoni kwezinye izakhamuzi lingaziwa. Lolu hlobo lwehle ukwehla okuncane futhi okungabalulekanga ngokwezibalo kumashumi amane edlule, kepha lolu phenyo lubeka ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 e-turpan ehlangene ehlala eNyakatho Melika. Usongo olukhulu ngobuningi balezi zinhlobo ukwehla kwendawo yamaxhaphozi kanye nokuwohloka kwendawo.
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