.1. Izimbobo zesiphambano ziyizimbobo zasehlathini ezivela emndenini we-Finch.

2. Kulula ukuhlukanisa ama-klests kubo bonke abanye abafowabo.

3. Lezi zinyoni zinomlomo ongajwayelekile onama-halves anqunyelwe nomunye. Ngenxa yokuthi uqhwaku luqine ngokwanele, lezi zinyoni zingaphula kalula amagatsha e-spruce, i-cone noma amagxolo esihlahla.

4. Uqhwaku lwesiphambano kufanelekile ukususa imbewu ezigaxeni.

5. Zonke izinqamuleli zihlala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Abaningi bazibheka njengezinyoni zezinyoni. Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. UKlest uhlala emahlathini aseConifonia aseMelika naseMelika.

6. Imigwaqo enqamula phansi ngezimpawu zayo, imininingwane yangaphandle nezindawo ezihlala kuzo zahlukaniswa zaba yizinhlobo, okuyinhloko okuyiziqaqa eziyizi-spruce, amaphiko amhlophe namaphayini wephayini.

7. Ensimini yaseRussia zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zale nyoni zihlala: i-crossbill, i-crossbill yaphayini kanye ne-white-winged crossbill.

8. Bobabili abokuqala nabesibili bahlala emahlathini axubile ngokusondelana. Cishe zona ngokwazo azihlukani. Indlela yabo yokuphila, izingoma zomshado namanye ama-nuances afana kakhulu.

9.Ngaphandle, lezi zinqamlezo zemigwaqo zihlukile ngombala: izimpaphe zesihlahla esibunjiwe zinombala obomvu okhanyayo, kanti isihlahla sikaphayini sinombala we-plumage ongakhanyi kangako futhi sinombala ophuzi.

10. ISosnovik inokubukeka okunesihluku ngokwengeziwe, ubakaki lubanzi, futhi uqhwaku luyimpumputhe xaxa.

I-KLEST - CONDURE

11. Abanye odokotela be-ornithologists babheka ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqamula zomuthi wephayini nezihlahla ze-spruce njengephutha. I-Sosnovik - enye yezinketho zesihlahla sefayiphu, ekhetha ukudla izidlo zikaphayini.

12. Zonke izinhlobo ze-crossbill ziphilela impilo yansuku zonke. Ungababona yonke indawo. Lapho befuna ukudla, bandiza ngokushesha beya endaweni ngezindawo emihlambi emikhulu enomsindo futhi enomsindo.

13. Lezi zinyoni azinkulu kakhulu - ngamasentimitha ayi-17, cishe njengondlunkulu omkhulu. Umsila uhlukaniswe kabili, izingcezu zoqhwaku ziyagoba futhi ziwele ngendlela evaliwe.

14. Imilenze yalezi zinyoni imfishane futhi iqinile. Lokhu kuvumela inyoni ukuba ilenga phansi ibambe izigaxa ezisindayo.

15. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke kakhulu ngombala. Abesilisa banombala obomvu okhanyayo noma obomvu onsomi wengxenye yesisu, emuva nentamo, amaphiko nomsila kuvame ukuba nsundu.

FEMALE - KLESTOV

16. Ezinqamula zabesifazane, izimpaphe ezigqamile zithathelwa indawo ngombala oluhlaza okotshani ophuzi okuphuzi okuphuzi.

17. Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala yokuphila, amaplamu alezi zinyoni asakhiwa kuphela. Ebuntwaneni, izimpaphe zazo ziimpunga.

18. Isisindo se-crossbill yesilisa cishe singama-gramu angama-35- 40, kanti owesimame ungama-30- 250 amagremu. I-Wingspan - ukuya kumasentimitha angama-30. Ubude bephiko ngalinye ngamasentimitha angama-9 ukuya kwezi-10, umsila ungamasentimitha angama-6,5, udarsam amasentimitha ama-2, kanti uqhwaku lungamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2.

19. Kunenganekwane yokuthi lapho uJesu ebethelwa esiphambanweni, kweza kuye inhlamvu yenkomo kanye nesiphambano. Inhlamvu yaphuka ameva endlebeni enameva futhi yamunca isifuba. Futhi isiphambano sazama ukukhipha izipikili abethelwa ngazo uJesu Kristu, kepha inyoni encane ayiphumelelanga, wamthulisa kuphela umlomo wakhe. Unkulunkulu ubonge inyoni futhi wethula izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezihlukile.

20. Ngempela, lapho ivaliwe, umlomo wenyoni yakha isiphambano. I-crossbill ayinakonakala ngemuva kokufa, futhi ibamba amachwane ebusika ngoKhisimusi. Vele, kunencazelo yesayensi yayo yonke into, kepha lokhu akuyikhiphi imfihlakalo yayo.

IZIMBALI ZESILWANE

21. Imigwaqo enqamlezayo iyizinyoni ezivimbela isithwathwa;

22. Imigwaqo emincane enamaphiko amhlophe ikwazi ngisho nokucula emazingeni okushisa angama-50.

23. Ukuculwa kwale nyoni ngandlela-thile kufana nengxube ye-twitter nekhwela. Igama elithi "crossbill" livela kwimisindo "glue-glue-glue" abayidalayo.

24. Lezi zinyoni ziyahlabelela, zenyuka emoyeni kuphela, zihleli emagatsheni, zithulile.

25. Isiphambuka akusona inyoni efudukayo. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhala yayirekhoda abantu abathile ababehlanganisa amakhilomitha angama-3,000.

26. Indawo abahlala kuyo incike ezitshalweni zama-cones - lokhu okuphakelayo okuyinhloko kweziphambuka.

27. Bahlala bebheka izindawo abangazuza kuzo. Uqhwaku lwazo lwenza kube lula ukukhetha imbewu. Lezo zindawo lapho kuhlala khona ama-crossbills ahlala ecebile ngamantongomane.

28. Lezi zinyoni zithanda uphayin, isiphundu kanye namahlathi axubile, kepha azihlali emahlathini emisedari.

29. Imvamisa, iziqaqa zakha izidleke zazo eziqongweni zezihlahla, lezi zinyoni zihamba ngokushesha, zikhuphuka ngokuphelele emithini futhi akuvamile kwehle emhlabeni.

30. Bakha izidleke ngamancele akhanyayo; phansi kufakwa nge-lichen, moss kanye nezimpaphe.

31. Esikhunjeni samaqanda amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu, insikazi ibamba amachwane, bese iduna limlethela ukudla.

32. Kuyathakazelisa, kepha uqhwaku olugobekile lwamachwane lwenziwa kuphela kusukela ngeviki lesi-4, ngaphambi kwalapho kujwayelekile.

33. Imigwaqo enqamula emithanjeni iyondla izingane zayo ngendlela ethandekayo: ayifaki uqhwishi emlonyeni wesichibi, kepha iphonsa izigaxa zokudla. Uma i-crossbill ilahlekile, ithatha inqwaba yokudla bese izama futhi.

34. Izindawo ezidlekayo zalezi zinyoni azishintshi, ngoba lezi zinyoni zihlala zindizela zifuna ukudla.

35. Akunasizathu sokunqamula imigwaqo ukwesaba izinyamazane, ngoba ukudla imbewu yezigaxa kugcwalisa umzimba wezinyoni ngama-resins futhi kuwenze ubabaze.

36. Kepha lezi zinyoni kuyaqabukela ziwele phansi, zizizwe zinesibindi ngamagatsha. Azulazula ezihlahleni ezingapheli efuna ukudla.

37. Uqhwaku lwenganekwane luyabasiza, ngenxa yesimo esikhethekile ababebizwa ngaso ngokuthi ama-parrots asenyakatho.

38. I-Crossbill yinyoni emelana neqhwa. Njengezinye izinyoni, zizalela lapho zinokudla okwanele. Amakati azalwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, kepha ikakhulukazi ngoKhisimusi.

39. Umbala wezinyoni ezincane uhlukile kubantu abadala. Ekuqaleni iplamu labo limpunga, futhi ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila bathola izembatho ezigqamile ezingapheli.

40. Endlini yemigwaqo enqamlezayo igcinwa emigqonyeni yensimbi yonke - izindonga zokhuni zenyoni zisikwa kalula ngesibhakela esinamandla.

41. Ekuthunjweni, kuthambekele ekulahlekelweni yizimbali ezibomvu ngombala we-plumage.

42. Endlini, iziqeshana eziwela umgwaqo ngokuzithandela azisebenzisi nje kuphela ingxube ejwayelekile yokudla okusanhlamvu kanye nembewu ethambile ye-spruce nembewu zikaphayini, kepha namajikijolo, isibonelo, umlotha wasentabeni.

43. Futhi bayawathanda amantongomane ephayinaphu, kepha awakwazi ukuwaqhekeka njalo, ngakho-ke adinga ukunqunywa.

44. Ikhipha ukudla okunje: okokuqala, inquma isigaxa, kube sengathi ngesikhafu. Umbambe ngomsila, uzama ukudonsa isitsha endaweni elula evundlile. Akulula kangako.

45. Ulinganisa ngomsila wakhe nangemichilo ekhululekile. Uma isigaxa singakwazi ukubanjwa ngonyawo olulodwa, isiphambano sisicindezela sonke isisu.

46. ​​Le yindlela i-elovik ekuthola ngayo ukudla. Ukusuka ekuxhumaneni njalo nezigaxa, umkhondo wethayile uvame ukuhlala esiswini sendlebe.

47. Umkhiqizo wabo oyinhloko yimbewu enezinto zokugqumisa, ngakho-ke lezi zinyoni aziboli ngemuva kokufa kwazo, kepha ziphenduka umanyolo.

48. E-Ukraine, ama-crossbill abizwa ngokuthi ama-shishkary, futhi nase-Belarus - kryzhadzuby.

49. Amadlozi ezinqamula-ndlela zanamuhla avele eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-9 edlule.

50. Le nyoni evela emaphethelweni ama-passerines ingadidaniswa kalula nesipuni, ngoba umlomo ongaqondakaliyo, ubuhlalu obungajwayelekile kanye nemikhuba yalezi zinyoni ziyefana.

Inyoni kaKristu

Ngesikhathi sokubethelwa kukaJesu, lapho ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe kusinda, inyoni indiza yangena futhi umlomo wayo ubuzama ukukhipha izipikili emzimbeni kaJesu. Kepha imvuthuluka engesabiyo nenhle, eyayithambisa nje umlomo wabo ihlanganise amabele abo negazi, yayinamandla amancane kakhulu.

UMninimandla onke ubonge lo mlondolozi omncane futhi wamnika izinto ezikhethekile. Kwakuyilokho ukunqamula, kanye nokuhluka kwayo emibonisweni emithathu:

• isigubhu somlomo
• Amachwane kaKhisimusi
• ukungonakali ngemuva kokuphila.

Izimpendulo zemfihlakalo zilele ngendlela yokuphila kwezinyoni, kepha lokhu akukhangi kangako.

Ukuchazwa kwe-crossbill

Ukuwela izinyoni - mncane ngosayizi, kuze kufike ku-20 cm, kusukela ku-oda wama-passerines, kunesitokisi esiminyene somsila, umsila omfushane oboshiwe, inhloko enkulu nesiqhingi esikhethekile, ama-halves awo agobile futhi agudluzwa ngezindlela ezihlukile, akha isiphambano.

Kungani i-crossbill inomlomo onjalo, kuba sobala lapho i-crossbill iqala ukubopha okusheshayo imbewu kusuka ezinhlotsheni. Imvelo yamvumelanisa nezimo ukuze ithole lokho kudla.

Amawashi aphakemeyo avumela i-crossbill ukuthi ikhuphuke izihlahla bese ilenga ibheke phansi ezigaxeni. Umbala webele emadodeni ubomvu-okusajingijolo, kanti kwabesifazane kuphuzi okuhlaza okotshani. Izimpiko kanye nomsila wesiphambano kuyaphenduka ama-brownish-grey shades.

UKlest uzizwa eqiniseka egatsheni, aze abheke phansi

Ukucula kwe-crossbills kumanothi aphezulu kufana ne-twitter nokuhlanganiswa kwekhwela elikhulu futhi kukhonza ukuxhuma imihlambi yezinyoni. Ukushaywa kwamakholi kuvame ukwenzeka ezindizeni ezincane, futhi izihambi ezithule ezitheni.

Lalelani izwi le-crossbill

Izinhlobo eziyisihlanu kuya kweziyisithupha zokuwela umgwaqo ezihlukanisiwe, lapho iziphambano ezintathu eziphambili zihlala endaweni yaseRussia: klest-elovik, i-cross-pine kanye ne-white-winged crossbill. Zonke ziyafana ekudleni nasekhaya. Amagama akhombisa izici ezincane zezinhlobo ngokuya ngokuthanda kwemvelo yamahlathi e-coniffort kanye nokuba khona kwezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinhlangothini.

Indlela yokuphila ne -hubbat

Okhokho benkambiso yanamuhla basendulo kakhulu, babekhona eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye edlule. Emahlathini ama-spruce nama-pine aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinqamu ezakhiwe. Ukuhlala kwabo ngqo kuncike ekuvuneni kwama-cones, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwezinyoni.

Ngakho-ke, izindlela eziwela umgwaqo zihlala zombili e-tundra nasezifundeni ze-steppe, zenze izindiza ezinkulu ezindaweni ezigcwele ukudla. Kunezimo lapho kutholakala khona izinyoni ezinemigodi ngamakhilomitha angama-3,000 ukusuka endaweni yokuqala.

Esithombeni, inyoni ingumnqamulajuqu

E-Russia, bahlala emahlathini acwengile wezindawo eziphakeme eningizimu yezwe, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga. Izinyoni zitholakala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe alawulwa yi-spruce. ICrossbill ayihlali emahlathini emisedari. I-Crossbill cishe ayinazitha ngokwemvelo.

Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa njalo kwembewu, izinyoni "ziyagcoba" ngesikhathi sokuphila futhi zingenambitha kakhulu, noma kunalokho, zibabaza izinyamazane. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokufa kwemvelo, aziboli, zincwilisa, okufaka isandla emizimbeni yazo elungiselelwe ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-resin.

Ama-crossbill ayazi ukundiza kahle, kepha ukusho lokho ukunqamula - ukufuduka inyoni noma i-crossbill - ixazululiwe nyoni, awukwazi. Esikhundleni salokho, i-crossbill ingummeleli wezinyoni ezimile. Ukuzulazula kwezinyoni kuhlotshaniswa nokuvunwa.

Umuthi wesiswebhu uphaya ngembewu yama-cones

Ezindaweni ezigcwele ukudla, izinyoni zichitha isikhathi ekukhuphukeni okungapheli kwezihlahla, isigaxa somlomo wesibambo ikuvumela ukuthi ukwenze ngokungafanele, njengopholi. Kulesi sici nombala ogqamile wezimpaphe zazo ayebizwa ngokuthi ama-parrots asenyakatho. Akuvamile ukuthi ziye phansi emhlabeni, futhi emagatsheni azizwe eqiniseka ngisho nangaphezulu.

I-Crossbill Nutrition

Ukucabanga ukuthi i-crossbill idla kuphela imbewu ye-spruce noma ye-pine cones iyinkohliso, yize lokhu kungukudla kwayo okuyinhloko. I-Crossbill Beak kusula izikali, kudalula imbewu, kodwa ingxenye yesithathu kuphela yama-cones iya ekudleni.

Le nyoni ayihluphi ngezinsimbi ezinzima ukufinyelela kuzo, kulula kuye ukuthola isigaxa esisha. Abanye bayindizela phansi futhi bondla amagundane isikhathi eside, ama-squirrels noma ezinye izakhamizi zehlathi.

I-crossbill idla ngokungeziwe, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhluleka kwezitshalo, ngamaqabunga e-spruce nephayini, iququda i-resin ehamba phambili emagatsheni kanye namagxolo, imbewu ye-larch, imephu, umlotha, izinambuzane kanye ne-aphid. Ekudingisweni, akenqabeli izimpethu zikafulawa, i-oatmeal, umlotha wentaba, amabele, i-sunflower ne-hemp.

I-Crossbill emhlophe enamaphiko

I-Macaw parrot

Ukuzalanisa

Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, amaphuphu avela ezenqamula ngesikhathi esibandayo kakhulu - ebusika, kaningi ngoKhisimusi, njengomusa ophakeme ngokwenganekwane. Lokhu kusungulwa ngemithombo yokonga.

Izintambo zakhiwa ngophawu lwesifazane ezinsikeni zezi conifers noma emagatsheni ngaphansi kwesembozo esithembekile sezingilazi zenaliti ezinkulu ezivela emvuleni nasezingubeni. Ukwakhiwa kuqalwa ngokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala futhi kwenziwa ngokubheka izivivinyo ezinzima kakhulu: ngodoti ofakwa emgodleni, uvolo wezilwane ezahlukahlukene, izimpaphe zezinyoni, amalangabi.

Izindonga zesidleke ziyabonakala ngokuqina kwazo: kukalwa izingqimba zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezivela emahlathini ahlanganisiwe ngobuchule, ngaphandle kwalokho izindonga eziphindwe kabili zendawo yokuhlala. Isidleke kwesinye isikhathi siqhathaniswa ne-thermos ukugcina isimo sokushisa singapheli. Ukuwela umgwaqo ebusuku naphezu kweqhwa, lisebenza ngokwanele ukondla inzalo yalo.

Esithombeni kukhona isidleke esinqamula umgwaqo.

Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwesigaxa samaqanda ama-3-5 kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-15-16. Sonke lesi sikhathi owesilisa unakekela insikazi, wondla ngembewu, afudunyezwe futhi athambiswe kugoge. Amathanga ezinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwembili ezinhlobonhlobo zokuphila avele ashiya isidleke. Uqhwaku lwabo luqondile ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke abazali bondla izilwane ezincane izinyanga ezimbili.

Futhi-ke amachwane alawula isayensi yokusika izigaxa, futhi ngomlomo oguquliwe, aqale impilo ezimele. I-Crossbill Chick Ungazitholi izingubo ezinemibala ngaso leso sikhathi. Okokuqala, umbala weplamu ungwevu onamabala asakazekile. Ngonyaka kuphela lapho izinyoni zipendulwa khona ngezingubo zabantu abadala.

I-Klest iyinyoni ethakazelisa ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi enenhlalo. Bashesha ukujwayela impilo ezimeni ezintsha, baba ngabethembayo nabanokuxhumana nabantu. Ngaphezu kokuhamba njalo kuseli, bangaba bahlakaniphile futhi baphume kukho.

Isigcawu esikhulu - Isigcawu sokuhlekisa, abanikazi bezinyoni eziningana bayazi: i-crossbill ifake izwi lezinye izinyoni emigidini yayo.

Uqhwaku lwe-crossbill luwelwe ukuze kube lula ukuthola imbewu ezihlahleni

Abaculi abake bazulazula bafundisa iziqeshana ngemilomo yabo ukuthola amathikithi enhlanhla noma ukubamba iqhaza ekutsheleni ngenhlanhla. Amandla wokufunda ngezenzo ezilula enza izinyoni zibe isilwane. Uma i-crossbill ihlala emgodini oxinekile ngaphandle kokugcina izidingo zokushisa nokushisa, ilahlekelwa umbala wayo okusajingijolo, iphendukele ngombala lowesifazane, bese iyafa.

Abalandeli bezinyoni ezizalisayo bafinyelela imibala ehlukene nokuhluka kwezwi, ngakho-ke kuyacaca kungani beqa kuvela izwi le-canary noma i-bullfinch ngubo. Ukufundwa kwemigwaqo eyinqamula kungumsebenzi othokozisayo, oletha injabulo yokuxhumana nezinyoni ezindala zezilwane zasendle.

Inyoni kaKhristu

Ngesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa kanzima kukaKristu ekubethelwe kukaJesu esiphambanweni, inyoni indiza yeza kuJesu kanti nesiqhingi sayo izamile ukukhipha izipikili emzimbeni wayo. Kepha imvuthuluka engamesabi eyabeka uqhwaku lwayo negazi yashisa amabele abo ayenamandla amancane. INkosi ibonge umncengeli, imnikeza impahla engajwayelekile. Kwakuyinqaba, futhi ukungafani kwayo ezintweni ezintathu:

• isigubhu somlomo
• owazalwa ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi
• ukungasebenzi.

Incazelo nokubukeka

Zonke izinhlobo zemigwaqo engenayo ingezezinyoni ezivela kuma-oda ama-passerines, futhi ngesakhiwo semizimba yazo zifana ngokuphelele nozimele, kepha zikhulu kancane. Umsila wale nyoni umfushane impela ngosayizi, onentambo ye-thymus ecocekile. Ikhanda likhulu ngokulinganayo. Imilenze eqinile futhi eqinile ivumela inyoni ukuba inamathele emagatsheni ezihlahla kalula, futhi ibuye ibambe ongezansi isikhathi eside.

Umbala we-plumage wesiphambano sowesilisa umuhle kakhulu futhi uyimfashini - ubomvu obomvana noma obomvu obumsulwa. Esiswini sonke sale nyoni imithende yombala omhlophe- grey. Kepha ubuningi bezintokazi bunesizotha esithe xaxa, ngombala obomvana nobomvana kanye nokuhlangana okuluhlaza okotshani ezimpaphe. Izinqamula-mgwaqo ezisencane nazo zinombala ongwevu ongaphenduleki nezindawo ezinamaphazili.

Kuyaphawuleka uqhwaku lwesiphambano, olubonakala ngesimo esingajwayelekile. Izingxenye ezingaphansi nangaphezulu zoqhwaku lomlomo ziyagqagqana ngomunye futhi cishe zimboze, okwenza kube yithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu elenza kube lula ukuthola imbewu ezikalini zesigaxa esilingana kahle.

Izinhlobo zeCrossbill

Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziyisithupha ze-crossbill zifundwe kahle futhi zivamile kahle:

• crossbill-elovik noma evamile (Lokhia survirostra) - iculo ihlathi bird. Abesilisa banesibhakabhaka esikhulu obomvu noma obomvu obomvu nokubomvu kwesisu. Izinsikazi zibonakaliswa ngotshani obomvana obuhlaza okotshani obunemibala ephuzi noluhlaza ezimpaphe. Le nyoni encane ingwevu, inamachashazi, kanti abesilisa abanonyaka wokuqala banenqwaba yemibala ephuziweyo ephuzi.Uqhwaku aluwugqinsi kakhulu, alunamikhawulo, alugobile, luyahlukanisa kancane. Ikhanda likhulu ngokwanele
• I-crossbill pine-Tree (i-Lohia rytyorsittacus) ihlathi, kunalokho iculo elikhulukazi elinesisindo somzimba esingu-16 cm cm kanye nokwebala kwemibala yenani. Umehluko oyinhloko umelelwa uqhwaku olukhulu kakhulu, olunomlomo omkhulu noqhwaku. Ingaphezulu loqhwaku ligqamile. Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo nazo ziyahlabelela, kepha buthule nangokufanelekile ngendlela efanayo,
• i-white-winged crossbill (i-Lokhia leucortera) - i-songbird, inyoni ephakathi nendawo, enobude bomzimba ebangeni le-14-16cm. Uhlobo luvezwa yi-dimorphism ebizwe kakhulu. Izinsikazi zinezimpaphe eziphuzi, kanti ezesilisa zinezimpaphe ezibomvu ngokubomvu noma zibomvu ngokubomvu. Izimpiko zimnyama ngmiphetho emhlophe,
• I-crossbill yaseScotland (iLoxia sotisa) ukuphela kwendawo ehlala insimu yeGreat Britain. Inyoni enesayizi encane enobude bomzimba obungu-15 cm cm enesisindo esilingana no-50 g. Uqhwaku olungaphezulu nomlomo omncane ophansi kuyanqotshwa.

Futhi, izinhlobonhlobo zimelelwa nguLoxia mellaga Riley noma i-crossbill ekhuluma iSpanishi, kanye noLoxia sibiriisa Pallas noma isi-crossbill yaseSiberia.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

Izigaxa zeSpruce zihlala ezindaweni ezihlangene zamahlathi eYurophu, kanye naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nezisenkabeni ze-Asia neMelika, iPhilippines kanye nomkhakha wamazwe wezwe elaliyiSoviet Union. Ikhetha ihlathi elixubile futhi elixubile, ikakhulukazi lamahlathi angenamikhawulo.

I-Crossbill pine-umuthi ihlala ama-coniferous pine emahlathini. Izilingo ngamanani amakhulu eScandinavia nasengxenyeni esenyakatho-nasempumalanga yeYurophu. Lolu hlobo luyivelakancane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa ne-cross-Tree-spruce. Indawo yokuhlala kwesiphambano esinezimpiko ezimhlophe yi-Russian taiga, iScandinavia neNyakatho Melika. Lolu hlobo luthande ukukhetha ezindaweni ezisemahlathini nge-larch.

Indlela yokuphila yesiphambano

I-Klest yisikhathi sasemini, esisebenza ngempela, esiyinyoni enamahloni futhi enomsindo. Abantu abadala bandiza ngokushesha, besebenzisa indlela ye-wavy endizeni. Isici se-crossbill yindlela yokuphila engahleliwe. Amawesi avame ukundiza ezindaweni ngezindawo efuna indawo ekhiqiza kangcono.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! U-Klest ubhekisa ezinyangeni zasenyakatho zesigaba sesibili sokutholakala, ngakho-ke, kukhulunywa ngakho ekhasini leNcwadi ebomvu yaseMoscow.

Izitha zemingcele yemvelo azikho, ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa njalo kwembewu ye-coniffort ekudleni. Ngakho-ke, le nyoni “iyazifihla” inqubo yokuphila, ngakho-ke inyama yezinyoni ezinjalo ayinambino, imunyu kakhulu, ayinandaba nakancane nanoma iziphi ezinye ezidla ezinye. Ngemuva kwekufa, i-crossbill ayiboli, kepha iyamunyisa, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-resin emzimbeni.

Ukudla, ukunqamula komsoco

Izindlela eziwela umgwaqo zingezezinyoni, okukhona kuzo uhlobo olukhethekile lokudla. Zonke izinhlobo zinokugcotshwa okubukhali okubukhali, okuhlangana noqhwaku, ngakho-ke isisekelo sokudla yimbewu ekwi-cones of conifers.

Futhi imbewu ejwayelekile kaningi ye-crossbill. Akuvamile ukuthi inyoni yalolu hlobo idle izinambuzane, imvamisa.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ehlobo, ngokudla okulinganiselwe, ukuwela imifula kungaluma imbewu otshanini basendle, futhi eminyakeni ethile, imihlambi yezinyoni ezinjalo ingadala umonakalo omkhulu ekutshaleni kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe.

Ukuzalanisa

Esifundeni sendawo ephakathi yezwe lethu, izindlela eziwela umgwaqo zivame ukuqala inqubo yokwakha isidleke ngoMashi. Izidleke eziphindaphindwayo zibonwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla, lapho kuvuna kanyekanye i-larch nephayini. Ebusika, kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-Mashi, izinyoni zakha izidleke kuphela ezifundeni ezinesivuno esikhulu kakhulu sembewu. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ziyalela ngaphandle kwesikhathi sonyaka.

Izidleke zezinyoni zihlelwe ngompetha obukhulu beConifers, imvamisa kakhulu ezihlahleni zikaKhisimusi futhi ngandlela thile ezingangeni emaphayini, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2-10 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Ingxenye yonke yangaphandle yesidleke yenziwa kusetshenziswa amagatsha acashile acwebile, kanti nengxenye yangaphakathi ibekwa ngamagatsha acishe abe mncane kakhulu, umhlanga kanye nensangu. Imfucumfucu yethumbu esidlekeni esiphelile imelelwa izinwele zezilwane nenani elincane lezinsiba zezinyoni. Ububanzi obujwayelekile besidleke bungama-12-13 cm ukuphakama okungama-8-10 cm nosayizi wetiyi ongu-7.2 × 5.2 cm.

Njengomthetho, ukubumbeka kwe-clutch kungamaqanda amathathu noma amahlanu anombala ocishe ube mhlophe qhwa ngethephu eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nosayizi ongu-22x16 mm. Phezu kwamaqanda kunemifudlana ebomvu ngokubomvu. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda abekiwe singamasonto ambalwa, lapho insikazi isesidlekeni, kuthi owesilisa athole ukudla futhi akudle.

Amachwane azalwa ambozwe ngombala omnyama ongwembu wokumpunga. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, insikazi iyafudumala amaphuphu, bese kuthi yona kanye nowesilisa, baqale ukundiza baphume esidlekeni beyofuna ukudla.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ukondla amachwane, kusetshenziswa imbewu yama-conifers ahlukene athambile ku-goiter yeduna nowesifazane.

Indiza yokuqala yenziwa amachwane eneminyaka amasonto amathathu. Kulesi sikhathi, izinyoni ezindiza ezindiza ezindiza ezindizayo, ezindizayo, ezindizayo, kuhlala ubusuku bazo esidlekeni sazo.

Ekuqaleni, abazali abashiye isidleke samachwane ngokuqinisekile bondla.

Abathandi bezinyoni bayasithanda isithambeka sokufakwa kombala ogqamile neqiniso lokuthi inyoni encane kangaka yasehlathini igcwala emgodini futhi ihlabelele ngenkuthalo. Lapho ubamba, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iplamu elikhanyayo ligcinwa kuphela kuze kufike ukuqala kwe-molt yokuqala, futhi inyoni ebunjiwe ayibukeki kahle kakhulu.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ingoma ye-crossbill igcwaliswa ngama-squeaks amaningi kanye nokushayisana kwezimpawu, kepha iziqeshana ezinamabala amhlophe anamakhono amahle kakhulu wengoma.

Ama-cache kanye anyanisi, ama-spider webs, kanye ne-decoy ne-semolina asetshenziselwa ukudoba.. Futhi ezimweni zemvelo nakokuqukethwe kwamaselula, ama-crossbill adla ama-buds e-coniferous ngenkuthalo kakhulu, kanye nama-nibbles amahlumela amasha namakhambi athile. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ngabesilisa abadala kunamapula obomvu akhangayo.

Uma kukhanya iplamu lenyoni, kubaluleke kakhulu. Le nyoni ebanjiwe ayikwazi ukugcinwa ibe yizicucu, kepha itshalwe ngokushesha ekheyini lensimbi ehlala njalo, lapho kufanele kufakwe khona izinduku ezincane zokhuni namagatsha amasha ezitshalo.

Imininingwane yangaphandle yokuxhumanisa ngqo incike ekudleni okuphelele. Inyoni enjalo iyenqena kakhulu ukudla izingxube zokusanhlamvu ezimelelwa amabele, imbewu ye-canary kanye ne-rapeded. Izinyoni zasehlathini zisabela kahle kumantongomane aqothulwe kanye nembewu yethanga, amahlumela ezitshalo anamahlumela nezinhlumela zezihlahla ze-coniferous.

Esikhathini sezinyoni, kubalulekile ukubeka ukubeka okujwayelekile kwamaminerali aphezulu ngendlela yesihlabathi somfula, ubumba, umlotha, idwala eliqhekeziwe. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-crossbill awakubekezeleli ukufudumala kakhulu kwe-microclimate yamakamelo afudumele, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukubeka ikheji nenyoni enjalo kubhaluni noma kwi-loggia.

Klest-elovik

Klest-elovik
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

Klest the Elovik , noma isiswebhu esivamile (I-lat. Loxia curvirostra), iyi-songbird yasehlathini evela ku-Finch yomndeni (Fringillidae), umyalo wamaPasseriformes (amaPasseriformes). Kubonakala ngomlomo onamandla onezeluleko eziwela kanye nokondla ngembewu ye-spruce namanye amaConifers (yingakho igama lesiRussia lezinhlobo).

Isimilo esivamile

Le nyoni inkulu kakhulu kunondlunkulu, kodwa incane kuneenkanyezi. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-17 cm, isisindo 43-57 g.

Kuyaphawuleka ngesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele somlomo. Uqhwaku lomlomo nalo lunqamula phakathi kwalo, futhi izinhlangothi zalo ezibukhali ziyavela ezinhlangothini zoqhwaku. Njengapharrots, isebenzisa uqhwaku ekukhuphukeni.

Abesilisa babomvu noma babomvu ngombala obomvu, engxenyeni engezansi yesisu imhlophe qwa. Izinsikazi ziluhlaza okotshani ngemiphetho yempaphe ephuzi-eluhlaza. Izinyoni ezincane zimpunga ngemisipha, amaduna angamaduna onyaka wokuqala anombala ophuzi owolintshi. Izimpiko nomsila onsundu.

Uqhwaku alugqinsi kakhulu, lubanzi ngokwedlulele, alugobile kancane, lubuthakathaka njengamaphethelo we-intersecting, ubude balo bude futhi buthambile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezihlobene zephayini enqobayo.

Inekhanda elikhulu, i-paws eziyishumi, ikuvumela ukuba ulengise phansi eceleni kusuka kwizigaxa, umsila omfushane, oqoshiwe ojulile.

Ukusatshalaliswa

I-Klest-elovik ihlala emahlathini ama-coniferous Europe, North-West Africa, North kanye ne-Asia Ephakathi, Philippines, North and Central America (eningizimu kuya eGuatemala). Kwethulwa endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili.

Izimpilo zihlanganiswa futhi zixubile, kepha ikakhulukazi ngesi-spruce, azivamile ukuba ngama-pine kanye ne-larch, kodwa hhayi emahlathini emisedari.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Ukubuka kuhlukaniswe ngezigatshana eziyisishiyagalombili:

• Loxia curvirostra bendirei
• I-Loxia curvirostra benti
• ILoxia curvirostra curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758
• I-Loxia curvirostra grinnelli
• I-Loxia curvirostra encane
• I-Loxia curvirostra pusilla
• I-Loxia curvirostra sitkensis
• I-Loxia curvirostra stricklandi

Ukuchazwa kwenyoni

I-crossbill inyoni encane enkulu ngokwedlula undlunkulu. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kubonakaliswa ukubukeka okungajwayelekile. I-crossbill inomlomo owenziwe ngesiphambano, oyihlukanisa phakathi nenqwaba yezinyoni.

Leli gama lisuka kwimvelaphi yesiLatini (Loxia). Ama-crossbills angawezingoma. Uma sikhuluma ngobudlelwano obujwayelekile, i-crossbill ingeyokuhlunga komndeni, ngokuya kuma-passerines. Ama-Crossbills ikakhulukazi ahlala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Okuphambili ekudleni kwabo yimbewu ye-conifers, i-pine cones.
Ama-crossbill ayakwazi ukunqoba inani elihlaba umxhwele lwamakhilomitha ekudleni - 2700-3500 km ukusuka esidlekeni.

Ukubukeka

Ukuqaphela ukugoqeka - kufanelekile ukubheka uqhwaku lwayo - luyisimo esibunjiweyo, isimilo salolu hlobo lwenyoni. Embala weplamu, le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka komthunzi emzimbeni. Imibala evelele yilena: oluhlaza okotshani, owolintshi, ophuzi grey, omhlophe. Kwesinye isikhathi uhlelo lombala lungafaka ngisho ne-crimson hue ekhanyayo, kepha lujwayelekile kwabesilisa kuphela. Umsila uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Ngokuvamile, iziqeshana ezinomgwaqo zinomzimba onamandla nentamo emfushane, engeza ukuzungeza okungeziwe ekubukekeni kwazo.

Usayizi ojwayelekile wale nyoni awufani ngosayizi omkhulu, uwonke: ubude obungu-17-20 cm, futhi ungabi ngaphezu kwama-50-60 amagremu wesisindo.

Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi eside zezinyoni

Asikho isikhathi esichazayo sokuzala abantu abadala kulezi zinyoni. Ezidlekeni ezifudunyezwe yi-moss ne-lichen, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-5 anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izinsuku eziyi-14, insikazi ibandakanyeka ekuqandeni amaqanda. Futhi ngisho nangemva kokuvela kwam amaphuphu angenakusiza ngokuphelele, akahambi ekhaya kuze kube yilapho amaphutha ewabopha. Sonke lesi sikhathi, owesilisa ungumsizi wakhe othembekile nomvikeli. Wondla insikazi ngoqhwaku lwayo olungajwayelekile.

Ukuwela umgwaqo ebusuku okuwukuphela kwenyoni engesabi ukuletha amachwane emakhazeni aqandayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesizathu esisodwa esibalulekile salezi zinyoni. Kusebusika lapho amakhonkolo weConifers avuthwa.

Cishe izinyanga ezimbili, abazali kufanele bondle amachwane abo kuze kube yilapho uqhwaku lwabo selufana nasekubhidlaneni kwabantu abadala. Lapho nje ugongolo olunezinwele seluthola izinhlaka ezihlobene nezihlobo zabantu abadala, zifunda ukusika izigaxa bese ziqala ukuziphilisa ngokwazo.

Ama-Crossbill Chicks zingahlukaniswa ngabantu abadala hhayi kuphela ngomlomo waso, kodwa nangombala wenqwaba yabo. Ekuqaleni, ngimpunga ngama-desk ezinyoni.

Abathandi bezinyoni abaningi nezilwane bayazi isiphambano muhle, uyathakazelisa futhi unobuhle. Bayizinyoni ezinobungane futhi ezinemvelo enhle. Lokhu kuvumela abanikazi abasha ukuba basheshe bathole ukuzethemba kumakhanda ngemuva kokuba esekudingisweni ngenxa yentando. Le nyoni ijwayela konke okusha okwenzekayo nge-crossbill ngokushesha okukhulu.

Sekuvele ukuthi ikheji lalowo onezinwele kumele liqine. Kungangcono kakhulu ngenkathi efudumele yokwakha isilwane okuthile okunjenge-aviary, esinamabhasi nezihlahla ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuzonikeza inyoni ithuba lokuthi izizwe ithunjiwe, njengasesakhiweni sendabuko ehlathini.

Ngenxa yezimo ezinjalo, inyoni izizwa imnandi futhi izala ekudingisweni. Uma izimo zokulungiswa kwazo zishiya kufiswa, khona-ke umbala wenyoni awusakhanyi kangako futhi ugcwele satshanyana, i-crossbill kancane iyaphela bese ekugcineni ife.

Akukalulekanga ukuthi ugcine izinyoni endlini efudumele kahle, zingakhululekile ezimeni ezinjalo. Ngokulungiswa kahle, iziqeshana zomgwaqo, lapho zigcinwa kahle, zijabulisa ngokucula okuhle nokungenamlingisi, umlingiswa onobuhle.

Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko

Ezinqamweni zokuwela, i-dimorphism yezocansi ishiwo kahle - abesilisa baqhakazile kunabesifazane.

Imvamisa, abesilisa babe ne-raspberry, i-orange, i-green shades, ngenkathi abesifazane benayo yonke imibala ye-pastel gamut - grey-ophuzi, grey-white, green green muted, flying ibe grey. Ngokuya kobukhulu bomzimba, abesilisa nabesilisa kuyafana.

Ezinqamlezweni, owesilisa uthathwa njengomondli - nguye lowo, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamachwane kuze kube yilapho esencane, anakekele ukuzondla kwawo.

Ukuziphatha nokudla

AmaKlestov abizwa ngokuthi ama-nomads ngenxa yendlela yawo yokuphila nokuthanda izindiza. Abathandi ukuba semhlabeni. Lezi zinyoni zizizwa zikhululekile ukuhlala ezihlahleni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-crossboll ane-paws aqinile, ngenxa yokuthi angakwazi ukulengiswa phezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokungakhululeki noma ukukhathala. Izimbobo zesiphambano ziyizinyoni zasemini ezikhetha ukuphumula ebusuku.

Habitat

Izinyoni zithanda ukuthandwa amahlathi kaphayini, njengoba zikhethe amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu esihlahla, lapho isilo esidla inyama noma iso lomuntu lihlala libukeka khona. Indawo yokuhlala yibo ubungqabavu bamagatsha kaphayini noma we-spruce, okuwavikela emoyeni naseqhweni.

Inyoni efudukayo noma ebusika

Izimbobo eziphakeme ziyizinyoni ezihlala phansi. Babonakala ngamagama okuqokwa. Ekufuneni ukudla, iziqeshana eziwela amabanga amade. Ngokuqondene nezindiza eziya kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yesimo sezulu, lokhu akuphathelene nazo. Ama-crossbills ayizinyoni zasenyakatho, ezivumelaniswa kahle nesithwathwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, zivumela amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Njengokuvikelwa ebandayo, iziqeshana zemigwaqo zithanda ukufaka imfudumalo ezifudumele zazo - isisekelo sendawo yokuhlala yazo zihlala zigoqiwe nge-moss noma izinwele zezilwane, okudala ungqimba olunamandla.

Kuyisiko ukwahlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu ezijwayelekile zalezi zinyoni: isihlahla sesiphambano, uphayini wephambano, nephiko elimhlophe. Kukhona nezinye izikhungo ezingaphansi.

Klest-elovik

Iduna linombala obomvu, okhanyayo ocwebezelayo, lo mbungu umhlophe grey. Abesifazane banethoni elipholile ngemibala: oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi othulisiwe. Isakhiwo somlomo waso sibunjiwe, ekuqineni kwalo sincanyana, siphakeme. Ubude bomzimba: 17-20 cm, isisindo - 43-55 amagremu.

Izihlahla ze-Fir zihlala emahlathini amakhulu aseYurophu, e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afrika, eNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi, nasePhilippines.

Izihlahla zeSpruce, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zomgwaqo, ziyizinyoni zasemini. Banamandla amakhulu futhi abakaze bahlale bathule. Izihlahla zeSpruce zihamba ngokushesha, zinemilenze eqinile enamathela kahle emagatsheni.

Isihlahla se-klest-pine

Kwinyoni yalolu hlobo, iboniswa ngombala ofana nesihlahla sesiphambano. Isici salo ngasinye siwugqo lobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Uma uqhwaku lwe-cross-spruce luncane, khona-ke le nhlobo inesimo esikhulu, esiyindilinga xaxa esiphethe isiphetho esimfushane. Ubude bomzimba: kusuka ku-16 kuye ku-18 cm, isisindo - kuya kuma-50 amagremu.

USosnovik uhlala emazweni aseScandinavia, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeYurophu. Le nhlobo ayivamile kunezihlahla ze-spruce.

I-Crossbill emhlophe enamaphiko

Isici esisodwa salolu hlobo yilesi esinamaphiko emibala yamaphiko, afakwa esimhlophe. Isisusa esiyinhloko simnyama - amabala kuphela noma imigqa emide emaphikweni imhlophe. Abesilisa bapendwe ngemibala egqamile kunabesifazane - okusajingijolo, owolintshi ophuzi, izintokazi - grey-yellow.

Ubude bomzimba: kufika ku-16 cm, isisindo - ama-43-50 amagremu.

Indawo yokuhlala yesiphambano esinezimpiko ezimhlophe ibhekwa njenge: Russian taiga, Scandinavia, North America.

Lezi zinyoni zizizwa zimnandi ngisho naseqandeni elingama-50-degree, ngenkathi zicula izingoma zazo zobuntu.

Ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela, i-crossbill ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10 ekudingisweni. Ama-crossbill ahamba kahle ezindizeni, anomusa. Lezi zinyoni zigcinwa kahle emakhejini amakhulu alinganiselwa ku-1 m nge-1.8 m.Umsebenzi ofanele wamaseli wensimbi.
Ama-crossbills asheshe ajwayele imvelo entsha.Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ekuthunjweni, ukuwela izihlokwana ngokushesha kulahlekelwa ukukhanya kwamaplamu.

Ukuzalela ekhaya

Ukuzala kabusha ekhaya kusezingeni elifanele inzuzo. Lapho zizalanisa lezi zinyoni, abathandi abaningi bathola ingxube yemigwaqo eyinqamula kanye nama-canaries, bese kuthi okokuqala kucule ngokuqondile kumakhonkwane.

Ekhaya, izindlela eziwela umgwaqo zizalela kahle, kodwa kuphela uma abanikazi bezisebenzisile izimo ezinhle. Okokuqala, izinyoni eziningana zingeniswa emakhejini, lapho zikhetha khona umngane womshado. Izimbhangqwana eziholelayo zidluliselwa kwesinye iseli ukuze zikhiqizwe kabusha. Ezimweni zesidleke esidalwe ngokwenziwe into esekhisini, iziqaqa zinika inzalo enhle.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

1. Ama-crossbills ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi inyoni kaKhristu. Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi, ngesikhathi bebethelwa esiphambanweni ngoJesu, le nyoni yayifuna ukukhipha izipikili emzimbeni.
2. Kuyo yonke impilo, izindlela eziwela umgwaqo ziyazazisa. Iqiniso ngukuthi basebenzisa inani elikhulu le-tar, okungeke livumele imizimba yabo ukubola.
3. Ukuwela umgwaqo kuyindlela yokundiza amabanga amade ufuna ama-cones, aze afike ku-3 500 km ukusuka esidlekeni.
4. Okhokho bezindlela eziwela manje banqamula emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 eyedlule.
5. Ama-crossbill ayakwazi ukunamathela ngokuqinile emagatsheni ngama-paws awo. Kulesi sikhundla, bangahlala kamnandi futhi bakhethe imbewu abayidingayo ezinkomeni.
6. I-Klestam ayesabi isithwathwa - kuya ku-50 ibona njengokushisa okujwayelekile.

Ukucula

Izingoma zokunqamula umgwaqo. Indlela abathandayo ngayo ukucula ngesikhathi izindiza. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona ingoma ebiyelwe egatsheni. Ama-Melodies aculwa yi-crossbob abukeka njengekhwela noma ngokuchofoza okungajwayelekile. Ngezikhathi ezithile, uhla lwemisindo lusondela ekunciphiseni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemisindo, umculo uyafana nama-sillic: “glue” - “glue” - “flé”.