Izinhlanzi zenyanga ngesiLatin kuthiwa UMola Mola, kepha ngesiNgisi "I-Ocean Sunfish" - Le yinhlanzi ebukeka njengenyanga, eyinike igama. Ubukeka sengathi unenhloko eyodwa esikhundleni somzimba, kepha akulula kangako.
Cabanga nje ukuthi isilwane esinesisindo esingu-1000 kg sinobuchopho obulingana namantongomane, anesisindo esingama-gramu amane kuphela!
Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani le nhlanzi ithule kakhulu, izolile ... futhi iyisiwula.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inhlanzi yenyanga?
Umzimba mude, ubushelelezi ngokuqinile kamuva, embozwe ngesikhumba esinyene kakhulu. Akunathambo lomsila. Dorsal ephezulu ne-anal. Umlomo omncane. Kubantu abadala, akukho bladder.
Izinhlanzi zenyanga
Isampulu enkulu kunazo zonke inesisindo samathani amabili futhi ingamamitha amathathu ubude!
Izinhlanzi zenyanga nazo kungenzeka ukuthi ziyizinhlanzi ezivunda kakhulu emhlabeni. Owesifazane ojwayelekile wale nhlobo ubekela amaqanda acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-300!
Ngokwe-National Geographic, yilezi zinhlanzi kuphela ezikhula kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ekubeni mdala kangangokuba isisindo sazo sikhuphuka amahlandla ayizigidi ezingama-60! Akumangalisi ukuthi kufakwa ku-TOP 10 izinhlanzi ezinkulu emhlabeni.
INyolafish Incazelo
Inhlanzi ye-Luna, iyi-piul maul, yathola igama layo eliphakathi ngesizathu. Ibonisa igama layo lesayensi kohlobo lwe-Mose kanye nohlobo uMola. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kwisiLatin, leli gama lisho "itshe lokusila" - into enkulu eyindilinga yombala onsomi. Igama libonisa ngempumelelo ukubonakala komhlali wasemanzini.
Uhlobo lwesiNgisi lwegama lale nhlanzi luzwakala njenge-Ocean sunfish. Wakuthola ukubonga othandweni lwakhe lokubhukuda, elele eceleni kwakhe eduze nobuso bamanzi. Inhlanzi, injalo, ikhuphuka ukuze ibambe elangeni. Kodwa-ke, lesi silwane siphokophela ezinye izinhloso, sikhula sifane “nodokotela” - ama-gulls, athi ngomlomo wawo, njengama-tweezers, asuse kalula izimuncagazi eziningi ngaphansi kwesikhumba senhlanzi.
Imithombo yaseYurophu imbiza ngokuthi inhlanzi yenyanga, umJalimane wayibiza ngegama lokuthi ikhanda elintantayo.
Noma ngabe kunjani, i-maul pier ingesinye sabameli abakhulu bezinhlanzi zamanje zamathambo. Isisindo sawo, ngokwesilinganiso, silingana nethani elilodwa, kepha ezimweni ezingandile angafinyelela kuze kube amabili.
Izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa imilo yomzimba eyinqaba ngempela. Umzimba oyindilinga, oboniswe kahle kusukela ezinhlangothini, uhlotshiswe ngemichilo emibili emikhulu neyomhluzi. Umsila ufana nezinhlaka ezibizwa ngamabele.
ISunfish ayinazikali, umzimba wayo umbozwe ngesikhumba esiqinile nesinamandla, okuthi ezimweni eziphuthumayo ungaguqula ngisho umbala wayo. Isicubu esivamile asimthathi. Isikhumba sinwebekile, simbozwe ungqimba lwe-mucus. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kwezitolo, inxanxathela inombala ohlukile. I-Hue isukela ku-brown, brownish grey to light grey-bluish.
Futhi, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi, inhlanzi yenyanga inama-vertebrae ambalwa, ayinayo izicubu ezanele zamathambo emthanjeni. Izinhlanzi azinazo izimbambo, i-pelvis, noma i-swad bladder.
Naphezu kobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele obunjalo, inyanga inomlomo omncane kakhulu, ifana nomlomo wopholi ngokubukeka. Umbono onjalo udalwa ngamazinyo ahlanganiswe ndawonye.
Ihlala kuphi inyanga futhi idlani inhlanzi
Izinhlanzi zenyanga zihlala zinesizungu impela, zibhukuda ngokukhululeka olwandle olukhulu olwandle. Kwesinye isikhathi, kodwa-ke, bahlangana ngamaqembu futhi babhukuda eceleni komgwaqo phezu kwamanzi, ngokusobala belishiswa yilanga (yingakho igama labo lesiNgisi - iSunfish)
Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zimidondoshiya zingena ngenetha lokudoba futhi abadobi baphoqeleke ukuba baziphakamise ngaphakathi kusetshenziswa ojantshi.
Naphezu kokubonakala kwawo enethuba elikhulu, abamele lezinhlobo badla ama-plankton. Futhi abazideleli i-jellyfish, izibungu zeenhlekelele kanye no-eel, futhi ungaphuthelwa ama-mollusks. Izinhlanzi zenyanga zitholakala kuwo wonke amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi, ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo, azinangozi nakancane kubantu, futhi izindawo ezenzeka kuzo zivame ukuba yindawo yokuphuma kokubhaca okukhulu.
Izinhlanzi zenyanga
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhlanzi enkulu ibeka usongo olukhulu emikhunjini emincane - ukushayisana ne-yacht encane ehamba ngejubane elikhulu kungaphetha kubi kubazingeli nabamatilosi.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
UMola Mola mkhulu futhi waziwa kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwekazi emanzini afudumele nanesimo sezulu. Ama-ramsayi mola, inhlanzi yaseSouth Ocean, ibhukuda ngaphansi kwekhikhodi emanzini ase-Australia, New Zealand, eChile naseNingizimu Afrika.
I-piquatrel ejwayelekile ejwayelekile ingamamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama namamitha ama-2 ubude. Kulokhu, amamaki aphezulu ahambelana nemikhawulo yamamitha amane no-3, ngokulandelana. Inyanga enkulu kunazo zonke yabanjwa ngo-1996. Owesifazane ubala isisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-2 300. Ngezinhloso zokuqhathanisa, lokhu usayizi wobhejane omhlophe omdala.
Lezi zinhlanzi, yize zivikelekile ngokuphelele kubantu, zikhulu kangangokuba lapho zihlangana nezikebhe kuba nenkinga ngesikejana nokuzitholela zona. Ikakhulu uma ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ngo-1998, iloli likakhonkolo kaMV Goliath elibheke eSydney Harbour lahlangana nenhlanzi eyi-1,400 kilogramu yenyanga. Lo mhlangano wasinciphisa ngokushesha ijubane lawo kusuka ezimpundwini eziyi-14 kuye kweziyi-10, futhi wehlisela nengxenye yomkhumbi wepende laphaya phansi kwensimbi uqobo.
Umzimba wale nhlanzi osemusha umbozwe ngemithambo yethambo, ethi kancane kancane inyamalale njengoba lesi silwane sikhula futhi sikhula.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ngakho-ke, isilwane siziphatha kanjani futhi sihamba kukholomu yamanzi, esilingana ngokubonakala esosweni endizayo esingaphansi kwamanzi? I-mola ihamba isiyingi, kule nqubo isebenzisa ama-dorsal kanye ne-analins yayo njengamaphiko, kanye nomsila njengokuqondisa. Lokhu akusebenzi ikakhulukazi, kepha noma kunjalo, kuyasebenza. Inhlanzi ibushelelezi kakhulu futhi ayilunganga.
Kuqala, ososayensi bebenethemba lokuthi imol ye-maul ichitha sonke isikhathi sayo ibhukuda ngaphansi kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, ikhamera kanye ne-accelerometer, egqoke abanye abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo, kukhombisa ukuthi bayidinga kuphela ukuthuthwa kwendle kusuka kuma-parasites kanye ne-thermoregulation. Futhi sonke isikhathi sesilwane esichitha inqubo yokuthola ukudla ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-200, ngoba umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kubo yi-jellyfish kanye ne-siphonophores - izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingenamkhawulo zobukoloni. Ngaphezu kwabo ne-zooplankton, umthombo oyinhloko wokudla ungaba yizikwati, ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu ezijulile zasolwandle, ngoba i-jellyfish ingumkhiqizo omningi, kepha hhayi okunempilo ikakhulukazi.
Ake sibuyele ezindlekeni, ngoba ukulwa nazo kuthatha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yale nhlanzi. Vuma, kungenzeka ukuthi akukho lula ukugcina umzimba uhlanzekile, obunjengokuma kwepuleti enkulu. Futhi ukuqhathanisa nepuleti kuphumelela kakhulu, ngoba ulwelwesi lwama-mucous nesikhumba se-maul pier kusebenza njengendawo yokondla inqwaba yezilwanyana ezincane ezihlaselayo ezingasebenzi kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, i-sunfish inezinkinga ezincane zokuhlanzeka komuntu. Ososayensi baqophe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 zezinambuzane ngaphezulu, kanye nangaphakathi emzimbeni wakhe. Okungenani okuncane ukuqonda ukuthi akukubi kanjani kuye, unganikeza esinye sezibonelo. I-Сopepod Penella ifaka ikhanda layo ngaphakathi enyameni ye-pier futhi ikhiphe uchungechunge lwamaqanda emgodini ofakwe.
Ukuhamba uya phezulu kusiza ukubhekana nomsebenzi wezinhlanzi zetafula elintantayo. Uvuka asondele ngangokunokwenzeka alinde iminyene, ama-albatross nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zasolwandle ezikhipha ngobuciko futhi zidle abaqashi abangafuneki. Kuyasiza futhi ukuthambisa ilanga ukuze ukhuphule izinga lokushisa lomzimba, eliwe ekuhlaleni isikhathi eside ekujuleni.
Zingaki izinhlanzi zenyanga eziphila
Akekho owaziyo ngempela kuze kube namuhla ukuthi imol yemol ihlala endle kangakanani. Kepha ukulinganisela kokuqala, kucatshangelwa idatha yokukhula nentuthuko, kanye nezimo zenhlanzi, ziphakamisa ukuthi ziphila zize zifike eminyakeni engama-20. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunobufakazi obungenakuphikiswa bokuthi abesifazane bangaphila iminyaka eyi-105, kanti abesilisa bafinyelela kuma-85. Yimininingwane efihla iqiniso - maye, ayikacaciswa.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Njengengxenye ye-thethis yakhe ye-Ph.D., usosayensi waseNew Zealand uMarianne Nyegor walungisa i-DNA yezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kuka-150 zelanga. Izinhlanzi zitholakala emanzini abandayo, aseningizimu ukusuka eNew Zealand, Tasmania, South Australia, eSouth Africa South kuya eSouthern Chile. Lolu uhlobo lwasolwandle oluhlukile olusebenzisa konke impilo yalo olwandle oluvulekile, futhi kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nemvelo yayo.
Ukubuka kwamanje ukuthi izinhlanzi zenyanga zihlala ezingqeshweni zamanzi ezifudumele ebusuku, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-12 kuye kwangama-50, kepha futhi kukhona izimbotshana ngezikhathi ezithile kuleli zinga phakathi nosuku, zivame ukuya kumamitha angama-40-150.
Izinhlanzi ze-Luna zinokusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke, njengoba zaziwa ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezisentabeni futhi ezinomoya opholile emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukudla kwenhlanzi kwenyanga
Kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-luna ikakhulukazi zondla nge-jellyfish. Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwayo kungabandakanya ezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezidliwayo, kufaka phakathi ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, ama-squid, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nezibungu ezijulile zolwandle. Ukuthola izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, ukudonsa ngezikhathi ezithile kuya ekujuleni kuyamsiza. Ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside ezingqeni ezibandayo zasolwandle, inhlanzi ibuyisela ibhalansi ye-thermoregulation ngokushisa izinhlangothi phansi kwelanga ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukuzalela inzalo
I-biology yokuzala kanye nokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi zenyanga kusaqondwa kabi. Kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi ziyizinhlanzi ezanda kakhulu (nama-vertebrates) emhlabeni.
Lapho sesifinyelele esikhathini sokuthomba, insikazi yelanga yowesifazane ingakhiqiza amaqanda angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi ezigoqeka kuzo zizalwa njengophondo. Imall esanda kuzalwa ifana nekhanda elincane elibekwe ngaphakathi komhlobiso kaKhisimusi. Isendlalelo sezingane sifana nenkanyezi noma i-snowflake ekwakhekeni.
Lapho izinhlanzi zenyanga ziginya amaqanda futhi azaziwa ukuthi zakhiwe kuphi, yize izindawo ezinhlanu kungenzeka zatholakala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Atlantic, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Pacific, kanye naseLwandlekazi i-Indian, lapho kutholakala khona imijikelezo yolwandle ejikelezayo, ebizwa ngokuthi imijikelezo.
Inyanga ebunjiwe ngamasentimitha angu-0,25 kuphela. Ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele ebusheni, kuzofanela ikhuphuke ngosayizi amahlandla ayizigidi ezingama-60.
Kodwa ukubukeka akuyona ukuphela kwento engamangaza i-mall. Uhlotshaniswa nezinhlanzi ezi-puffer, ngokuba isihlobo sakhe esiseduze kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo
Usongo olubaluleke kakhulu ku-moonfish ukudoba okuchitha. Ingxenye enkulu yokubamba yenzeka ePacific, Atlantic Ocean naseLwandle iMedithera. Yize ingenalo inani lokuthengiselana kanjalo, ngoba inyama ingangenwa amagciwane ayingozi, isabelo sokubanjiswa kwaso kulezi zindawo singaba cishe yi-90% yokubanjwa okuphelele. Imvamisa, izinhlanzi ngephutha zingena enetheni.
Inani lokudoba
Inhlanzi yenyanga ngokwayo ayinayo inzuzo yokuhweba futhi imvamisa iwela inetha labadobi njengokubanjwa ngengozi. Inyama yayo ibhekwa njengengaphephile ekudleni komuntu, ngoba ingatheleleka izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane.
Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuyeki ukuyenza ibe yinto emnandi yemenyu kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. EJapan naseThailand, ngisho ne-cartilage nesikhumba sezinhlanzi sisetshenziselwa ukudla. Futhi kula mazwe, inyama yezitolo isetshenziswa njengomuthi wendabuko. Ngaso leso sikhathi, akunakwenzeka ukuyithenga esitolo, kodwa zama nje endaweni yokudlela ebizayo.
EYurophu, ukuhweba ngalolu hlobo lwenhlanzi kunqatshelwe, ngoba, ngaphandle kokutheleleka okutheleliswa emzimbeni, i-sunfish, efana nesihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu, i-puffer, inganqwabelana izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni. EMelika, akukho okuvinjelwe okunjalo, kepha ngenxa yokuvumelana kwenyama-nokufana kwenyama nokuchitheka okuningi, ayithandwa.
Inyama inephunga le-iodine elihlaselayo, kanti licebile ngokumangalisayo kumaprotheni nezinye izinto ezizuzisayo. Uma-ke, sibheka iqiniso lokuthi isibindi nezinhlamvu zenhlanzi zingafihla ithamo lobuthi obunobuthi, ngokubulala okungaphumeleli okungena ekudleni.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Okwamanje, azikho izindlela ezithile zokonga inani lezinhlanzi lenyanga, yize i-IUCN ibheka imol njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Le nhlanzi ihlala iba yisisulu sokudotshwa kwe-inept kanye nedwala elibi lapho iwela ngengozi ogibeni lwabadobi, ngoba imvama intanta ebusweni. Ngoku mhlawumbe, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane obunjalo babuchopho, lesi silwane sihamba kancane futhi asithwali, ngenxa yalokho kuvame ukuhlupheka.
Isibonelo, ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi abadobi abade babamba iqhaza eNingizimu Afrika babamba cishe aba-340,000 abasebenza ngokudoba ezitolo minyaka yonke. Futhi ezindaweni zokudoba zaseCalifornia, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ama-sunfish asolwandle afinyelela kuma-29% lapho bebambe ngokuphelele, okudlula inani lezindawo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, eJapan naseTaiwan, ukubamba kwabo kuhlosiwe. Abadobi bezentengiselwano bakhethe lokho njengethagethi lempahla yokudla yobudlova.
Ngokususelwa kule mininingwane, ukuncishiswa kwenani labantu okufika kuma-80% kwabalwa kwezinye izindawo. I-IUCN isola ukuthi isibalo sabantu abasemhlabeni wonke asatshiswa ngokwehla okungenani kwama-30% ezizukulwaneni ezintathu ezilandelayo (iminyaka engama-24 kuye kwengama-30). Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngesibalo sabantu abakwa-tecata Mola noMola ramsayi, abangabalwa yi-IUCN, kodwa kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi nabo bahlushwa ukubanjwa okukhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlanzi ze-Luna zitholakala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni enomoya omuhle wasolwandle. Olwandle olusempumalanga yePacific, lezi zinhlanzi zisatshalaliswa zisuka eCanada (eBritish Columbia) eningizimu yePeru neChile, eSifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific - kulo lonke uLwandlekazi i-Indian, kubandakanya uLwandle Olubomvu, futhi ukusuka eRussia naseJapan kuya e-Australia, New Zealand naseHawaii. Empumalanga ye-Atlantic, zitholakala zisuka eScandinavia ziye eSouth Africa, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ziya oLwandle iBaltic, eNyakatho neMedithera. Olwandle olusentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, i-moonfish ingatholakala ukusuka ogwini lwaseNewfoundland kuye eningizimu ye-Argentina, kubandakanya iGulf of Mexico kanye neCaribbean. Ukwehlukahluka kofuzo phakathi kwabantu abahlala emaNyakatho naseNyakatho hemispheres kuncane.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, inani lezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic zilinganiselwa kubantu abayi-18,000. Emanzini asogwini, inqwaba yezinhlanzi ezincane kufinyelela kumamitha angama-1 ubude .. E-Ireland naseCeltic Seas, abantu abangama-68 balolu hlobo baqoshwa ngonyaka we-2003-2005; isilinganiso sabantu abalinganiswayo sasingu-0.98 abantu ngamunye ku-100 km².
Lezi zinhlanzi ze-pelagic zitholakala ekujuleni kuka-844 m. Isikhathi esiningi, abantu abadala bachitha epipelagial kanye ne-mesoperagial ekujuleni okungaphezulu kwamamitha angama-200. Ngokusho kolunye ucwaningo, ngaphezu kwe-30% yesikhathi esijwayelekile ukwenziwa kwe-moonfish isichitha ingaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-10 nangaphezulu kwama-80% kwikholomu yamanzi ekujuleni kwama-200 m.
Imvamisa, lezi zinhlanzi zibanjwa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-10 ° C. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa ayi-12 ° C noma ngaphansi kungabenza balahlekelwe yilokho kanye nokufa kungazelelwe. Izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga zivame ukutholakala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kolwandle oluvulekile, bekukholelwa ukuthi le nhlanzi ibhukuda ngasohlangothini lwayo, kepha kukhona uhlobo lokuthi le ndlela yokuhamba ibonakala kubantu abagulayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ngale ndlela izinhlanzi zifudumise umzimba ngaphambi kokuntywiliselwa emanzini izingqimba.
Usayizi womzimba nesisindo
Izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga yabantu abadala, ngokwesilinganiso, zifinyelela kubude obungu-1.8 m, futhi nebanga eliphakeme phakathi kwezeluleko zamaphinifa licishe libe yi-2,5 m. Isisindo esisilinganiso sisuka ku-247-1000 kg. Izinsimbi ezikhulu nazo ziyatholakala: ubude oburekhodiwe obukhulu bungama-3.3 m, futhi ukuphakama, kucatshangelwa amaphiko, ngu-4.2 m.
Yize okhokho bezinhlanzi zenyanga babeyizinhlanzi zamathambo, amathambo abo aqukethe izinhlwayi eziningi, okunciphisa isisindo samathambo nokuzivumela ukuba zifinyelele osayizi abahlaba umxhwele.
Ukuzala kabusha nokujikeleza kwempilo
Izinhlanzi ze-Luna yizinhlanzi ezanda kakhulu: insikazi eyodwa ingazalela amaqanda ayizigidi ezingama-300, kodwa inani layo lilincane. Ububanzi bamaqanda buba yi-1 mm, izibungu ezihlosiwe zenyoni yenyanga zinobude obuyi-2 mm nobukhulu obungaphansi kuka-0,01 g.Ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye, njengabanye abamele umndeni wakhe, izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga zithola i-metamorphosis eyinkimbinkimbi. Ezisanda achanyuselwa izibungu zifana pufferfish. Lapho ifinyelela ubude obungu-6mmmm, isigaba sokuzivocavoca komzimba siyaqala - kuvela amapuleti amaningi amathambo anezimpawu ezinkulu ezingunxantathu, abese edilizwa abe ngamazinyo amancanyana anezimpawu eziwunxantathu, akhe amasende amade bese enyamalala ngokuphelele. Kulesi sigaba, kusekhona i-larval caudal fin, engekho kuzinhlanzi zabantu abadala. Izindawo ezingaba ofinyelelekayo usayizi omdala inyanga-izinhlanzi eziyizigidi ezingu-60 izikhathi usayizi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa - iyona isilinganiso esiphezulu phakathi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla.
Ekuthunjweni, izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga ziphila iminyaka eyi-10, kepha isikhathi sokuphila kwazo ku-vivo asikasungulwa. Ngokucabanga kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kungaba iminyaka eyi-16 nengama-23 ngokulandelana. In ekuthunjweni kwesisindo kuyahlukahluka 0,02-0,49 kg ngosuku, futhi ukwandisa ubude ngokwesilinganiso 0.1 cm ngosuku. Isisindo somuntu osemusha ohlala eMonterey Bay Aquarium, ngaphezulu kwezinyanga eziyi-15 sikhuphuke sisuka ku-26 kg saya ku-399, kanti inhlanzi ifinyelela ubude obungu-1.8 m. Ubukhulu obukhulu nesikhumba esigaxekile kwenza inhlanzi yabantu abadala yangemuva kube lula kwabazingeli abancanyana, noma kunjalo, i-fry ingaba yisisulu se-tuna ne-coryfen. Ngo izinhlanzi ezinkulu ehlasela sea izingonyama, killer nama oshaka. EGulf of Monterey, kuye kwaba nezimo lapho amabhubesi asolwandle eluma emaphini enhlanzi yenyanga futhi ewafaka ebusweni bamanzi. Mhlawumbe, ngosizo lwezenzo ezinjalo, izilwane ezincelisayo ziyakwazi ukuluma ngesikhumba sezinhlanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, wamshaya inyanga-inhlanzi izikhathi eziningana, sea izingonyama ukulahla yimpango yabo, wawa lokubona kuya phansi, lapho kudliwa starfish.
Umsoco
Ngaphandle kokuthi "uqhwaku" oluqinile, isisekelo sokudla kwezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga kukudla okuthambile, yize kwesinye isikhathi zidla izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nama-crustaceans. Isisekelo sokondleka kwenhlanzi-y nenyanga yi-plankton, kanye nosawoti, ama-ctenophores kanye ne-jellyfish. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-ipheshana yabo wokugaya ukudla wathola izibungu eels, izipanji, starfish, i-squid, ezinamagobolondo, ulwelwe nezinhlanzi ezincane, kuthiwa ukuthi sizondla ebusweni futhi ukujula. Ukudla kwezinhlanzi zenyanga kuvame ukungabi nezakhi zomsoco, ngakho-ke kufanele zikunambithe ngamanani amakhulu.
Izinhlanzi zenyanga ezijwayelekile zivame ukutheleleka kakhulu ngazo zombili izinambuzane zangaphandle nezangaphakathi (kuze kufike ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene ezingama-40). Accacoelium contortum ru zu . Emanzini afudumele asizwa ukuthi asuse izimuncagazi ngabahlanza inhlanzi abahlala ezinqwabeni ze-algae ezintantayo. Ezindaweni ezishisayo zezinhlanzi zenyanga, ngenhloso efanayo, bahambela izindawo zokuqongelela abahlanza bezilwane ru en. Wayehlose ukudonsa ukunakwa ulwandle izinyoni, njengama-gull, ezingasetshenziswa futhi amsindise izimuncagazi, inhlanzi-inyanga axoshwe amanzi ephikweni noma umlomo.
Ukuziphatha
Izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga, njengomthetho, zihlala zodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ngazimbili, futhi ezindaweni zokubuthanela abahlanza bezilwane zingaqoqana eqenjini.
Imvamisa ungabona inhlanzi yenyanga ilele ohlangothini lwayo ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Ngezikhathi ezithile amaphiko ayo ziboniswa phezu - zingabantu ngezinye izikhathi iphutha koshaka amaphiko amaphiko. Zingahlukaniswa ngesimo sokunyakaza kwamawele. Oshaka, njengezinhlanzi eziningi, babhukuda, bephephezelisa umsila ekugcineni kusuka ngapha nangapha. Kulokhu, lo amaphiko izinsalela fin umile. Izinhlanzi zenyanga zithutha ama-dorsal ne-analins njengama-oars. Izibungu kanye nefry yalesi zinhlobo zibhukuda njengezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile.
Ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi inyanga-inhlanzi - ukubhukuda ezimbi, ayikwazi ukunqoba wamanje oqinile, ngakho-ke kuthiwa kubangelwa macroplankton wasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ukubhekisisa okugxile kukhombisile ukuthi izinhlanzi zenyanga zingakwazi ukubhukuda amakhilomitha angama-26 ngosuku, kanti ijubane elikhulu lokubhukuda lifinyelela ku-3.28 km / h.
Ukusebenzisana kwabantu
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga azibeki ingozi kubantu. Kwakuba nezikhathi lapho izinhlanzi Waphuma amanzi ukuwela isikebhe angqongqoze abantu phansi. Izindawo zabo zokuhlala ziheha ezahlukahlukene, zijwayela ubukhona bomuntu. Ukushayisana nge-moonfish kuvamile kwezinye izifunda. Lezi ukushayisana kungaholela kulimaze athumele hulls, futhi ngezinye izikhathi emzimbeni izinhlanzi washaya ngemicu imikhumbi emikhulu (okungaba nawo abangela ingozi).
Lezi zinhlanzi zin nenyama engenamakhambi engenasici. Kodwa-ke, eTaiwan naseJapan, kuthathwa njengokudla okumnandi, futhi kwezinye izindawo ezingxenyeni esentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific nasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic zikhethekile ngokudoba kwazo. Esikhathini ukudla zisebenzisa zonke izingxenye inhlanzi, kuhlanganise ezinamaphiko nezingcwecwe izitho zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayadingeka emithini yendabuko yaseShayina. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okunobuthi, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yezinhlanzi enyanga kunqatshelwe eYurophu. ERussia, ngaphansi kwegama ukuhweba "sunfish" inhlanzi ethengisa Vomero (Ukuhlanza kukaSelene) .
Kufika kuma-30% ekubanjweni kwamanetha akhukhulayo, asetshenziselwa ukudoba ama -fishfish ogwini lweCalifornia, izinhlanzi zenyanga. EMedithera, lizinga by-catch kwalesi silwane lingaphezulu ngisho futhi sifinyelela 71-90%. Kwezinye izindawo, abadobi basika iminjunju yalezi zinhlanzi, bebabheka njengamasela angenasisekelo sezinhlanzi. Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezintantayo ebusweni bamanzi zifana ne-jellyfish, ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinhlanzi zenyanga. Singagwinyi imfucumfucu, izinhlanzi angase afe kusuka umoya noma indlala, ngoba plastic clogs isisu sabo.
Okuningi embhalweni wezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga kuhlala kungacaci, ukubhekelwa kwabo emoyeni kubhekelelwa emoyeni, bafunda ukufuduka besebenzisa ilebuli, futhi kwenziwa izifundo zofuzo zezicubu. Ngesinye isikhathi, izinhlanzi zenyanga zitholakala ogwini.
Kwesinye isikhathi inyanga-inhlanzi igcinwe nethange yomphakathi. Kulula ukuzondla, ngoba zincela ngokugqamile kunoma yikuphi ukuphakelwa okuncane okulethwa emlonyeni wazo. Kepha zivame ukufa, zingena ezindongeni zezindawo zokugcina amanzi, ngakho-ke izindawo zokudotshwa emanzini ziyadingeka ekunakekelweni kwazo, zivumele inhlanzi ukubhukuda emibuthanweni ebanzi. Lezi zinhlanzi aqukethe Lisbon Oceanarium, le Oceanographic Ipaki Valencia, Danish aquarium «North Sea» ru zu , futhi okuqukethwe ku-Kayyukan Aquarium ru en Izinhlanzi zeLuna zidonsela ukunaka kwezivakashi kungabi ngaphansi koshaka whale.
I Monterey Bay Aquarium baye basungula izindlela yabo ukudoba, ukusuthisa futhi control inkathazo kwalesi silwane. Ngo-1998, umuntu oyedwa wayehlala lapha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka futhi wakhishwa endle, ekhulisa isisindo saso amahlandla ayi-14. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala ziboniswa ekuqoqweni kwe-aquarium. Ngo-2008, omunye enkulu inyanga-inhlanzi ukuthi euthanized ngemva kokugula isikhathi eside.
Izinhlanzi zenyanga ezibanjwe eSakhalin
Inhlanzi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-1,100 yadonswa ngamanetha ngumdibi wasenhlanzi waseSakhalin obizwa ngeKuril Fisherman. abadobi Russian ukusebenza eduze eziqhingini Etorofu, umgomo wabo main - salmon umkhomo, inhlanzi-inyanga wavela ngengozi.
Isithombe: Sakhalin.info
Noma kunjalo, baletha isikhathi esingajwayelekile esisekelweni. Kusukela abandayo ubambe indawo bekungengenxa ushintsho futhi ukulayisha ogwini izinhlanzi sawohloka. Uyiswe e-Gidrostroy landfill, lapho abasebenzi bondla futhi bethwebula izithombe. Izinkulungwane zamakhilogremu wesidumbu ngokushesha azishiyanga lutho.
Usayizi elikhulu Pisces Moon
IGuinness Book of Record iqukethe izinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu zenyanga, ezabanjwa emuva ngo-1908, ngendlela, futhi ngoSepthemba. Isisindo sawo sasingaphezu kwamathani ayi-2.2, futhi ubude budlula amamitha amabili. Ngo eJapane, eKorea nase-Taiwan inyanga inyama-nhlanzi uju wangempela, kodwa e-European Union of ukudayiswa yayo akuvunyelwe ngoba inhlanzi inyama-inyanga ngokuvamile atholakala izimuncagazi.
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Habitat
Inhlanzi yenyanga ihlala emanzini awo wonke amanzi olwandle asezindaweni ezishisayo nezithokomele, kuyilapho izinhlanzi eziwelayo zidlulela emanzini ashisayo. Ngakho, empumalanga ePacific Ocean, le nhlanzi uhlala lusuka eCanada luya ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Chile kunye ne-Peru, e-Indian Ocean, izinhlanzi ingatholakala yonke indawo, phansi baze bafika eLwandle Olubomvu. KuLwandlekazi i-Atlantic Ocean, bahlala eSifundazweni SaseScandinavia baye eSouth Africa. Bahlangana naseziqhingini zaseKuril naseLwandle lwaseJapan.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi izinhlanzi emangalisayo ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngesikhathi 850 amamitha ukujula. Ngokusho kocwaningo lososayensi, cishe u-80% wesikhathi, lezi zinhlanzi zingamamitha angama-200, futhi sonke isikhathi, zikhuphuka zijule ngamamitha ayi-10.
UMonfish enkampanini yabaphambukeli.
Sunfish kukholamu amanzi.
Izinhlanzi zenyanga kukholamu yamanzi.