Ngokusho kososayensi, i-zebra ingummeleli wakudala we-oda yesine, ihlukanise ubuhle bayo obukhethekile. Izihlobo zakhe eziseduzane zingabhekwa njengehhashi nembongolo.
Abameli bokuqala beqembu le-artiodactyl bavele emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-54 edlule. Lawa kwakungamadlozi wamahhashi anamuhla, izimbongolo namadube. Ubukhulu bawo babuncane kakhulu kunokwenzalo yabo yanamuhla, futhi ngokweqiniso babehluke kakhulu kokugcina.
Kuthathe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-52 ukuthi abamele lo mkhankaso bathathe ifomu labo lokugcina. Futhi-ke ukwahlukaniswa kwahlukaniswa kwaba amaqembu asakazekela ezweni lonke. Izimo iqembu ngalinye elalihlala kuzo zashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqembu uqobo aya ngokuya eba kude komunye nomunye, futhi ekugcineni umphumela wokuhlukaniswa okunjalo kwaba ukwakheka kwalezo zinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-artiodactyl esizazi njengamanje.
I-Zebroid
Ngakho-ke kuphephile ukusho ukuthi lezo zinhlobo zama-artiodactyls ahlala eceleni kwethu (futhi lawa ngamahhashi, izimbongolo namadube) kungumphumela wentuthuko yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, obekulokhu kuqhubeka iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-54. Umuntu wadambisa abameli abaningi balesi sakhi, kepha i-zebra yasinda kulokhu. Cishe isizathu salokhu ukukhuthazela okuphansi kwalezi zilwane. Lesi yi-sprinter yezwe lezilwane - liyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu, kepha lidinwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi imvelo yalesi silwane ayisoshukela! Kepha ngaphandle kwe-zebra muhle kakhulu futhi uyathandeka.
Ama-Zebroids angumkhiqizo wokunqamula izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezivela kuhlobo lwamahhashi.
Ngokusobala lezi zimfanelo - ijubane nobuhle - zazishukumisela umuntu ukuba aqoke idube. Akuzange kuthathwe isinqumo sokwenza lokhu ngendlela ejwayelekile, okungukuthi, ngokuwela lobu buhle basendle namanye ama-equidae, ayizihlobo zamadube. Ngenxa yokukhohlakala okunjalo, izilwane ezingajwayelekile ezingenamagama angajwayelekile zatholakala. Igama labo elijwayelekile ama-zebroids. Leli gama lavela ngokuhlanganiswa kwamagama amabili: i-zebra ne-hybrid.
I-hybrid zebra nembongolo.
Nazi izibonelo zeziphambano ezinjengalezi:
Uma uwela i-zebra nehhashi, umphumela uba ama-zor (amaZorse, akhiwa ngamagama esiNgisi "ihhashi" - "ihhashi" nelithi "zebra" - "zebra").
I-hybrid zebra nehhashi.
I-zebra ewele nembongolo ngenxa yalokho inikeza i-zka (i-Zedonk noma i-Zonkey iyinhlanganisela ye-zebra yesiNgisi - "i-zebra" ne "imbongolo" - "imbongolo").
Endabeni yokuwela i-zebra ne-pony, uthola i-zoni (iZony iyinhlanganisela ye-zebra yesiNgisi - "zebra" ne "pony" - "pony").
Ama-Zebroids ayabiwa ukuze athuthukise izimfanelo ezithile zezilwane ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa epulazini.
I-zonk edumile (i-zebra-imbongolo hybrid) eyayingeyaseSir Sanderson Temple yaseLancashire. Le zebroid yashayela inqola yahamba nayo yaze yafa.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Umhlaba
Ukulingiswa kokuhamba kwezidumbu zezilwane kuyinto yesikhathi eside yobunjiniyela. Imoto inamasondo amane ngesizathu esifanayo esifanayo esenza ukuthi ama-vertebrates asemhlabeni abe nezinyawo ezine. Amarobhothi e-Android, empeleni, alingisa ukuhamba komzimba womuntu, ama-robotic manipulators asezimboni akopisha ngokuqondile wonke amabanga ayisithupha enkululeko yesandla somuntu, futhi imishini yeBoston Dynamics manje isingaba yiphutha lezilwane.
Kodwa amarobhothi ayaqhubeka nokuguqukela emvelweni ukuze aphefumulelwe, futhi muva nje amaphuphu adonse ukunaka kwawo. Ososayensi baseHarvard University bafunda indlela yokuhamba kwezinambuzane, ngenxa yalokho bathola ukuthi umkhondo ongaphandle oqinile wamakhaza umvumela ukuthi anqobe izithiyo ngendlela engajwayelekile. Ekuqaleni, i-cockroach empeleni ishayisana nesithiyo, ngemuva kwalokho ishintsha ukuqondisa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isivinini (ngamanye amagama, isebenzisa amandla e-kinetic ngokwezomnotho kakhulu). Ngenxa yale mpahla, iqhude lisindiswa kalula kubantu abasebenza kabi kulo. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu onjiniyela ukukwazi kwezinambuzane ukungena ngaphakathi kwezikhala ezixinekile, yize kukhona igobolondo elinamandla.
Ekhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obuhlolwa yizilwane, umuntu ngeke asho nje indiza: abadali bendiza yokuqala bazame ukulingisa izinyoni ngisho nangokoqobo, baphoqa izimoto zabo ukuba zindize ngamaphiko. Kepha isikhathi sabeka yonke into endaweni yayo: kusuka kwizinyoni, abantu baqala ukufunda i-aerodynamics yabo futhi bayisebenzisa nakwezokuhamba komhlaba.
Onjiniyela abahamba ngesivinini esikhulu eJapan bahlangabezane nenkinga ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba yaleli lizwe. Kwakufanele kwakhiwe imihubhe eminingi ukubeka amathrekhi, kodwa ekungeneni kwabo indawo etholwayo yayicindezela umoya ophambi kwayo. Ukuphuma emihumeni eyenziwe ngabantu kuhambisane nomsindo omkhulu, okwethusayo abagibeli kanye nababukeli bangaphandle.
Le nkinga yaxazululwa ngenxa yomunye wonjiniyela, okwathi ngaphezu komsebenzi, wayethanda i-ornithology. Wabona ukuthi abadobi benkosi, bangene emanzini, empeleni abawakhi amanzi aqhekekile. Ngokusho kukanjiniyela, lokhu kungenxa yesimo somlomo wabo. Vele, ukuthuthukisa lo mbono, kwathatha izivivinyo eziningi emhubheni womoya, kepha ukwakheka komlomo wenyoni kwakuyisiqalo esivivinyweni. Ngenxa yalokho, la ma-locomotives athole ikhala lenyoni futhi aqala ukuphuma emhubheni ethule kakhudlwana.
Obunye ubuchwepheshe bezilwane ezindizayo bungasetshenziswa ezincwadini ze-e. Ososayensi basebenzise umgomo wokukhanyisa ukukhanya ngezikali ezisezimpikweni zezimvemvane ze-nymphalide, bakha isisekelo sazo okuyi-ink enombala we-elektroniki i-Mirasol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla yezimpiko zam uvemvane yokushintsha umbala ngokuya ngohlobo lokushisa izokwakha isisekelo sokwakha izinzwa ezishisayo.
Ikhodi yomthombo
I-motor kagesi ne-generator namanje kusungulwe ngobuqili babantu. Abasunguli abakwazanga ukubona isibonelo sabo ngokwemvelo: ngekhulu le-19 kwakungekho microscopes elenza ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe ucingo kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwe-ATP synthase enzyme, umshini wamangqamuzana cishe amashumi wama-nanometers ngosayizi. Okwamanje, umgomo wokusebenza kwemishini kagesi ufakwe kuleli protein ngamusa omkhulu.
Ingxenye engaguquki (i-analogue ye-stator) ihleliwe kulolwelwesi lwe-mitochondria noma i-chloroplast, futhi ngaphakathi kuyingxenye ejikelezayo ye-molecule - irotor. Le moto yamangqamuzana isebenzisa umehluko ongaba khona ngaphesheya kwe-membrane: Ama-ion a-hydrogen akhokhiswa kahle aphuma ngaphandle kwe-mitochondria ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kwamaselula. Ukusuka lapho, bavame ukungena ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, lapho icala lingahambi kahle, kepha ukuphela kwendlela yabo eya e-mitochondria kudlula ngemoto yamangqamuzana e-ATP synthase. Ngokuguqula "i-rotor", amaprotheni abangela ukuthi amaprotheni axube i-molecule ye-ATP - uphethiloli ongaphakathi. I-synthase ye-ATP ingaba nenye enye indlela yokusebenza: lapho kune-ATP eningi futhi ne-membrane voltage inganele, i-enzyme ingasebenzisa uphethroli nopompo ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhulisa umehluko ongaba khona. Ngakho-ke, umshini owodwa wamangqamuzana onobukhulu obuyi-20 nm uhlanganisa izakhiwo zejenereta nezimoto kagesi.
Umuntu angathemba nje ukuthi ukuqina kwamalungelo obunikazi ekwakhiweni kwemvelo kuphelelwe yisigidi sezigidi zeminyaka edlule, futhi sizokwazi ukubuka emibonweni eminingi emnandi kakhulu.