Inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (I-Myophonus caeruleus) - uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke emndenini olunobude bomzimba obungu-33 cm nesisindo esingama-g g. Amapheya ale nyoni enhle akhanya impela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Unengoma emnandi kakhulu.
Inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala osebeni lwemifula esezintabeni eCentral Asia, Kazakhstan, eHimalaya.
Ukuzala futhi umsoco
Izindatshana Inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emigodini yasezintabeni, emifantwini nasezigodini phakathi kwamatshe asogwini, imvamisa phakathi kwezikhala zezimpophoma, ngakho-ke akuyona yonke inyamazane engafinyelela esidlekeni. Wakha isidleke sakhe nge-moss, utshani obomile nezimpande izinsuku ezingama-6 ukuya kwezingu-10 futhi uyowukhipha ngamaqabunga namagxolo e-birch. Izinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bezilokhu zisebenzisa idwala iminyaka eminingi, futhi isidleke esisha sivame ukwakhelwa phezu kwesidala. Ukubekwa kwabo kuqukethe amaqanda ama-4-6, insikazi ifukamela kubo izinsuku ezingama-17-18. Bobabili abazali bondla amachwane. Lezi zingane zihlukana ngesonto ngemuva kokuba izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziphume esidlekeni. Zonke ezinye izikhathi zezinyoni zihlala zodwa.
Inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka idla ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwezilwane, idla amajikijolo nawo ngokuzithandela.
Konke Okuphathelene Namajuba
Ijuba lasekhaya libukeka licishe lifane nelasendle. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo nokuvuthwa, ubude benyoni bungamasentimitha ayi-15-75.Bala le nyoni kusuka ku-30 g kuya ku-3 kg.
Ngaphambi kokuthola i-dovecote, kufanele utadishe lezi zinyoni. Kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ukufaka imibala akuhlukile. Iklabishi eligcwele lincane ngosayizi.
Umzimba wenyoni uqinile, intamo imfushane, ikhanda liyindilinga. Amaphiko wobude obuphakathi, obanzi, oyindilinga kancane emaphethelweni. Ukuma komsila kuncike ekuzaleni. Kwezinye izinhlobo kuyabanzima, kwezinye kubanzi futhi kuyindilinga.
Uqhwaku lwelulekwa ezansi futhi lukhonjwe ekugcineni. Imvamisa, ifushane, ngaphansi kwayo kunendawo encane yesikhumba esithambile nesingenalutho.
Imilenze imfushane. Kuneminwe emithathu ohlangothini olungaphambili nenye ngemuva. Hlukanisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokunyakaza komhlaba nezindiza.
I-plumage ihlala ikhilimu noma i-grey. Abantu baseMotley bahlukile phakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo. Ukusuka kwencazelo, kuyacaca ukuthi abesilisa bahlala begqamile kunabesifazane.
Mangaki amajuba ahlala, ukuthi ayondla kanjani, hlobo luni nohlobo lwempilo anayo, ikakhulukazi kuya ngohlobo lwenyoni. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi ubheke izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zamajuba.
Isiphambano sesiNgisi
Ngenye indlela, lokhu kuzalwa kubizwa ngokuthi iNun. Le nyoni yathola igama ngombala wayo ongajwayelekile - umzimba omhlophe, izimpaphe ezimnyama ekhanda nomsila omnyama.
Le nyoni yakhiwe kahle, ifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-23 cm.Ikhanda libanzi, linama-chic crest. Amehlo ayindilinga, mhlophe noma umbala weparele. Isikhala esiphakathi kwamehlo sigcwele izimpaphe, okunikeza ikhanda ukubukeka okuyindilinga.
Itshe elibunjiwe
Uhlobo olunqabile olufana namabalele ngokubukeka. Ihlala ezifundeni ezomile zase-Australia.
Umbala wempaphe wehlukile. Emzimbeni kunezimpaphe ezimhlophe, ezimnyama nezinsundu. Zonke izithunzi zikhanya futhi zijulile. Ekhanda kukhona i-crest ephezulu.
Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-44 cm, isisindo esingu-0,5 kg. Ezimpikweni zamaphiko, le nyoni ifinyelela ku-85 cm. Le nhlobo ibhalwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu.
I-motley yegolide
Uhlobo lwenjiva yobukhulu obuncane, ubude bomzimba wayo bungafiki ngaphezu kwama-20 cm. Ngokuvamile, amaplamu enyoni aphuzi. Ngenxa yezimpaphe eziphakeme, amajuba akhanya ngokukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuphila endle eFiji nezinye iziqhingi. Owesifazane uhlukile kowesilisa kowesilisa omnyama ngombala obomvana obhulayo.
Izici zokubuka ezijwayelekile
Ubukhulu bezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu - i-jay ejwayelekile ayidluli ku-40 cm ukusuka kuqhwaku kuya emsileni, umbala we-beige ongenakuqhathaniswa ngokumangalisayo uhlanganiswe ngokumangalisayo nemivimbo emibalabala, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaphikweni, okungena ngaphakathi okumnyama okugqamile.
Isici esihlukile salokhu kuthungelana si-crest ebonakalayo ekhanda kanye nomsila omude, omnyama nomhlophe, lo mbala usiza i-jay ukuba izifihle futhi igweme ukuhlaselwa umhlaseli, ngenkathi isisindo somuntu esidlule singeqi ku-200-250 gr.
Enamakhanda apinki
Le nyoni ihlala eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ikhanda lipinki futhi amapayipi engqimba yangaphandle yezimpaphe aluhlaza okotshani. Phansi kwenyoni kumhlophe. Kwesinye isikhathi maphakathi kwesifuba kupinki.
Lolu hlobo lwamajuba aluvamisile ukugcinwa ekudingisweni, ngoba eminyakeni engu-150 edlule, imizamo yokuzala inzalo ezimeni ezingejwayelekile inyoni ayiphumelelanga.
Isisekelo sokondliwa izithelo zezihlahla nezihlahla. Le nyoni ungayikhetha lapho udoti wehlathi noma uyisuse ngokuqondile esihlahleni.
Incazelo Nezici
Umbala we-plumage ku-bluebirds uthatha umbala kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ku-violet, kufaka phakathi wonke ama-shades. Ngakho-ke, igama lezinhlobo livame kakhulu: i-purple thrush. Umbala ongaphezulu ucishe wafana. Izimpaphe ezinemiphetho emhlophe zitholakala entanyeni, esifubeni nasiswini. Lokhu kudala ukukhohlisa kwamaconsi ku-plumage. Uqhwaku luqhathaniswa nesembozo: ngopende ophuzi.
Izindawo ezingaphakathi zezimpaphe ezisemaphikweni nasemsileni zingaba mnyama. Ubude kusukela ekuqhamukeni komlomo kuze kube sekupheleni komsila buyehluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwengama-35. Isisindo samabhawuni amadala asuselwa ku-130 kuye kuma-g g. Isisindo namapharamitha wesisindo akhombisa ukuthi i-bluebird ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezikhumba ezimnyama.
Ngokuya ngomthetho kaBergman, izinyoni ezihlala enyakatho yeChina zikhulu kunezixuku ezakha eningizimu yeNdiya. Uma kubanda kakhulu isimo sezulu, kuba nezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, isisindo sabantu abasenyakatho seqa i-190 g, futhi kuma-sampling nesting eningizimu awekho ngaphezu kwe-150 g.
Ama-subspecies we-Bluebird anokuhlukahluka kwangaphandle kwe-morphological. Ama-subspecies ahlala e-China, uqhwaku luhlukile kwezinye - lumnyama. Ezinyoni ezihlala e-Afghanistan (ama-subspecies ase-Central Asia), isisekelo somlomo siphansi kunaleso esingaphansi kwesinye. E-Indochina, i-thrush onsomi ivame ukutholakala ingenamabala amhlophe entanyeni, esifubeni nasesiswini.
I-blue noma i-lilac thrush inegama lesayensi iMyophonus caeruleus. Le nhlobo, yanikeza igama lohlobo olungena kulo. Igama lesayensi lohlobo nguMyophonus. Kunezincazelo ezahlukahlukene zokuba ngumndeni. Phambilini konke izinhlobo zezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bebengamalungu eqembu lomndeni noma iTurdidae.
Ngo-2013, ezinye izikhundla zokuhlukaniswa kwemvelo zalungiswa futhi kwavela izinyoni eziluhlaza emndenini wabathengisi bezindiza noma amaMuscicapidae. Ushintsho lolu lususelwa ocwaningweni lwama-molecule nama-phylogenetic olwenziwa ngonyaka ka-2010. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuthinte umndeni wezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Okubhalwe phansi lapho izinhlobo zezitshalo zihlukaniswe khona zahlala endaweni efanayo.
- IsiShayina Inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka — abahlali ezifundazweni eziphakathi neChina. Igama lesayensi - Myophonus caeruleus caeruleus.
- ICentral Asia Bluebird - etholakala eTien Shan, e-Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. Kuhlala abantu abahlukene enyakatho neMyanmar. Igama lesayensi - Myophonus caeruleus temmincki.
- I-Indochinese aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-Indochinese yindawo yokuhlala esemqoka yasenyakatho ne-Indochina. Igama lesayensi - Myophonus caeruleus eugenei.
- I-Thai Bluebird - ihlala empumalanga yeThailand, eCambodia naseVietnam. Igama lesayensi - Myophonus caeruleus crassirostris.
- ISumatran Bluebird - yalazi kahle iMhlonhlo laseMalawi neSumatra. Igama lesayensi - Myophonus caeruleus dichrorhynchus.
- UJavanese Bluebird - uhlala eziqhingini zaseBorneo naseJava. Igama lesayensi - Myophonus caeruleus flavirostris.
Abanye ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo baphikisana nalokhu kuhlukaniswa ngokwezigaba. Ababhekwa njengeziningi zabantu abasebenza ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa abantu. Ngaphezu kwama-blackbird aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lilac), kunezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezinamapulangwe afanayo. Ngokwesibonelo. Inyoni ye-azure, ebizwa nangokuthi i-sialia, iyingxenye yomndeni omnyama. Unesifuba esifubeni nebomvu okugqamile. Amanye umzimba namaphiko zi-azure ezinhle, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izimpaphe zezinyoni ze-azure ngokuya ngombala obukekayo zingaphikisana nezinsiba zezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Sialia ihlala futhi isidleke ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika, azenzeki ku-Old World. Kuzobuciko baseMelika nezobuciko, inyoni ye-azure isithathe ngokuqinile isikhundla senyoni yenjabulo.
Iteyiphu yeVolzhsky
Uhlobo lokuzalela oluncane, olufuywe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Le nyoni iyakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni amahora angu-2-3.
Ijuba liphakathi nendawo, ikhanda liyindilinga, umbala weplamu mhlophe ngombala omhlophe. Ngokusakazeka komsila, ungabona umugqa omhlophe ogqamile, ongafika ku-2 cm ububanzi.
Umqhele okwenziwe abalandeli
Ijuba elikhulu lisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Isisindo somzimba sifinyelela ku-2,5 kg. Ubude benyoni bungama-70-75 cm.
Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba onsundu. Emaphikweni kukhona umngcele omhlophe obanzi onomugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekugcineni. Ekhanda lakhe kukhona ubuhle bezimpaphe ezixegayo ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ekwindla. Amaqanda ama-hatch amaduna nezinsikazi izinsuku ezingama-28- 29. Ngemuva kokuvela kwenkukhu, ukondla kuqhubeka izinsuku ezingama-40.
Kushukunyisiwe
Habitat - Southeast Asia. Ngobude, inyoni ifinyelela ku-28 cm.
Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kuzalaniswa ngombala onsomi-onsundu wentamo, intamo nesifuba. Lo mbala uhlanganiswa umucu omhlophe nomnyama. Isisu senyoni ngimpunga. I-Boca - umthunzi we-olive, imilenze ibomvu.
Le nyoni ihlala ezintabeni eziphakeme, kuyaqabukela yehlele emhlabathini. Idla amajikijolo. Wakha isidleke ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo ihlanganisa insimu ukusuka eCentral Asia kuya eziqhingini zase-Indonesia eSoutheast Asia. Lapho, le nyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala emahlathini asezintabeni aze afike emngceleni wehlathi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2,400 kuya kwangama-3,000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, le nhlobo ingatholakala futhi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindongeni.
Inyoni ihlala emadwaleni asezintabeni anemifula enesiphepho. Uthanda ukubhukuda futhi uhlale emadwaleni eduze kwamanzi. Idla ezinhlanzini ezincane, ezinambuzaneni nasezibayeni.
Blue bird - Iphupho Namaqiniso
Umfanekiso wenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ohlanganisa iphupho, uqhamuke ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka ngokubonga okudumile komlobi waseBelgian uM. Meterlink. Ukumfuna yisiphetho sawo wonke umuntu ophupha injabulo.
Kepha kuphela ama-romantics angenakusebenza kakhulu awalahlekelwa ukholo, ngoba bekukholelwa ukuthi inyoni enjalo ayikho emvelweni. Amaphupho inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - Imicabango engatholakali.
Imvelo yacebile kunemibono yabantu. Ama-Ornithologists ayalwazi lolu hlobo lwenyoni olubizwa ngokuthi i-lilac noma i-Wheezing thrush, futhi ekusebenziseni kabanzi futhi ngokwemithombo eminingi iyinyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukulandela okulandelayo
Kunezithupha ezingaphansi:
- M. c. i-caeruleus (Scopoli, 1786) - maphakathi neChina empumalanga
- M. c. temminckiiAmaVigors, ngo-1832 - entshonalanga iTien Shan eningizimu eya e-Afghanistan nasempumalanga enqamula eHimalayas, empumalanga ye-Assam esifundazweni iSichuan, nasenyakatho neMpumalanga neMyanmar
- M. c. eugeneiI-Hume, ngo-1873 - maphakathi, empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeMyanmar, entshonalanga, enyakatho nasempumalanga yeThailand, enkabeni naseningizimu yeYunnan, kanye naseNyakatho ne-Indochina
- M. c. crassirostrisURobinson, 1910 - iSoutheast Thailand, eCambodia kanye neNyakatho yePeninsula yaseMalay
- M. c. dichrorhynchusISalvadori, 1879 - enkabeni naseningizimu yePennsylvania yaseMalay naseSumatra
- M. c. i-flavirostris (IHorsfield, 1821) - Java
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Indawo yokuhlala kwe-thrush emangalisayo itholakala emazweni ase-Indochina phakathi kwamathambeka kanye nama-gorges wezintaba zaseHimalaya. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Bluebird kuye kwabonwa ezindaweni ezinkulukazi zohlelo lwezintaba iTien Shan emazweni amahlanu ase-Asia Ephakathi: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, China, Kyrgyzstan naseKazakhstan. E-Russia, uhlala ezintabeni zeTranscaucasia, eYurophu okuhlala inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogwini oluseningizimu yeMedithera. UZimovie uchitha enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, iziqhingi zasePhilippine.
Izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezinentaba endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 kuye kwangama-3500 m eduze nezidumbu zamanzi. Izindawo ezinamadwala nezinamadwala ezinama-crevices, imifantu yedwala, izimpophoma nemifudlana yezintaba kuyindawo yezinyoni eziyintandokazi.
Blue bird bird kufana ne-thrush edumile, kepha kukhona umehluko omkhulu ngobude bemilenze nomsila. Zikhulu ngosayizi futhi zibukeka zinamandla futhi ziqine. Isikhala samaphiko amancane ayindilinga sifinyelela ku-45 cm. Isisindo sonke sesinyoni siphakathi kuka-200 g. Ubude bawo wonke umzimba awudluli ku-35 cm.
Umlomo ophuzi ogqamile, obude obuyi-36-38 mm, uqine futhi uqine, ugobe kancane phezulu. Le nyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlabelela kakhulu ngomculo nangokuzwakalayo. NgesiNgisi, lezi zinyoni zibizwa ngokuthi ngabantwana besikole-abamhlophe.
Lalela izwi le-Bluebird thrush
Inhlanganisela yesisa somdlandla nokuhlabelela okubhoboza kuhlukanisa izwi lenyoni. Umthamo namandla omsindo angavimba umsindo wokuwa kwamanzi, ukugquma nokugquma kwamanzi, kepha lokhu akubangeli ukucasuka, kodwa kuyamangaza. Kuma-gorges asezintabeni, kubalulekile ukuba kuzwakale ngezihlobo, ngakho-ke idatha yezwi ihlukanisa abahlali bezindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka nenokhahlo.
I-Purple thrush ifakwe ku-Red Book njengezinhlobo ezingandile ezidinga ukuvikelwa nokuvikelwa. Ukumbona kuyimpumelelo enkulu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ngenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Kuyamangaza: lo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala we-plumage, empeleni, cha.
Kuvela inkolelo emangalisayo ngenxa yokuphinda kukhanye ukukhanya komluko ngezintshebe ezondile. Kude kude, umbala ubonakala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama, umthunzi weblue uya ngokuya usondela, kepha ukwakheka komhlaba ongaqondakali kubonakaliswa amathoni we-lilac, ne-violet. Izimpaphe zimbozwe ngama-sequins esiliva, sengathi asakazeke emhlane, esifubeni, ekhanda. Amaphiko emuntu ngamunye angaphezulu angaphawulwa amabala amhlophe amhlophe.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bayefana. Umehluko omncane kowesifazane ubonakala ekuqiniseni isisulu sesiliva emaphethelweni ezinsiba. Ngokuvamile, le nyoni inhle kakhulu, ifanele ukwenziwa umuntu abe yiphupho lothando nelingathandeki.
Izinhlobo zezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izihlobo zenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanele zifunwe ngokulandelana kwama-passerines, umndeni wokuphapha. Izinhlobo zemvelo kuphela zokuphonsa, kukhona inqwaba. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-redstart eyaziwayo futhi ebanzi, i-zaryanka, i-Nightingales, ne-hita.
Uma uhlobo lwezinsimbi zamatshe luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu: itshe, elimhlophe, futhi itshe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, khona-ke uhlobo lwezihlahla ezinsomi onsomi limelelwa yizinhlobo eyodwa kuphela - inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma iMyophonus.
Njengezihlobo zomndeni, i-purple thrush iphila impilo esezingeni elifanele futhi eyisimanga. Uma izinyoni zakha izidleke ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, khona-ke ngesikhathi sekwindla ziyehla ziyothola ama-gorges angaphansi embozwe yiqhwa futhi eshaywa yimimoya ebandayo. Kuyo yonke imikhuba yezinyoni kanye nohlobo lendiza, inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engavamile isondele kakhulu kublackbird omkhulu.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Le nyoni engaqondakali ayifani neze nesithombe semibhalo. Impilo esesimweni esibuhlungu ayihlanganisiwe nomlingiswa othule nowothando. Blue bird Izici ngobunono bayo, ukungabi lula. Ababuthani ngemihlambi, njengondlunkulu, bahlala bodwa noma ngababili endaweni yabo abayithandayo. Abafokazi bayaxoshwa, ababekezeleli ngisho namachwane abo asekhulile.
Izindawo ezinamatye akhule ngesihlahla esingajwayelekile eduze kwamanzi yizindawo ezijwayelekile zokuphonsana onsomi. Ekuqhekekeni kwamatshe acashile, izinyoni zakha izidleke ezibonakalayo ngokude, kepha azifinyeleleki ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwendawo. Ihlala ezintabeni, i-bluebird ivame ukushisa, ngakho-ke le nyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayitholakali ezindaweni zeqhwa laphakade.
Ukundiza imvamisa kuphansi, kufakwe ngokushesha kwamaphiko amade. Le nyoni inqoba imithambeka emaweni ngokugxuma okukhulu ngosizo lwamaphiko ajar. Uhamba phansi ngezitebhisi ezincane noma agxume, njenge-thrush ejwayelekile. Abathandi ukuhamba amabanga amade, bayaziqinisa indlela abaphila ngayo.
Unamahloni emvelweni, izinyoni ziyaqapha futhi zihlala kude nabantu, ngokungafani nezihlobo ezinelukuluku. Bathanda ukuba semaphethelweni amanzi, lapho ngokuzithandela futhi bavame ukugeza futhi bazingele izinhlanzi ezincane endaweni efanayo.
Ngemuva kokugeza, izinyoni azisusi amathonsi amanzi, kodwa gijima zize zomile ngokuphelele. Uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ivuswa, umsila wale nyoni uphakama kakhulu. I-thrush ingayigoqa futhi uyiqede njenge-fan, ijika isiya ngapha nangapha.
Abathandi bezinyoni kuyaqabukela babambe ama-bluebirds ngenxa yevolumu yokucula kwabo nosayizi wabo omkhulu. Kepha ukubonwa kwempilo yabo esebenzayo kuyisasasa elikhulu le-zoological. Abanikazi baqhathanisa ukusebenza kwabo namakati namazinyane.Bangadlala ngomnsalo we-candy wrapper noma bazingele izinhlanzi echibini. Zidla engxube evamile yezinyoni, njengoshizi wekhishi, isinkwa nezithelo.
Ukudla kwezinyoni eziluhlaza
Ukondliwa kwezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kususelwa ezinambuzaneni ezisondelene namanzi, izibungu, amabhungane, izintuthwane, ama-crustaceans. Izinyoni zidla ngamagundane amancane, zibamba izinhlanzi ogwini, zizingela izibankwa nezinyoka ezincane. Ibamba inyamazane ngomlomo oqinile, ishaya amatshe ngokushaya okukhulu. Ukusuka ezidlekeni zakwamanye amazwe, ama-thrushes ansomi awafani nokuhudula okuqukethwe, njengezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama.
Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, izinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zidla ngemifino: imbewu, amajikijolo, izithelo. Ezinyangeni zobusika, ukudla kwezitshalo kuyanqoba. Ekudingisweni inyoni eluhlaza idla ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwezinyoni, njengesinkwa nezinhlobo zemifino.
Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi eside yinyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi ungezwa ukuculwa okuhle nokumnandi kwama-thrushes ansomi, kukhombisa isikhathi sokudla isidleke. Izinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngemuva kokukhetha i-jozi yazo, zihlala endaweni efanayo, ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yokubeka iqanda iminyaka eminingana. Ozakwethu kukho konke impilo akuvamile ukuguquka. Amachwane avuthiwe ayaxoshwa endaweni yawo.
Izinzwa zakhiwa eduze namanzi avela ezimpandeni zezitshalo, otshanini, emithini, iziqu, amahlumela kanye nokungcola. Isitsha esikhulu esibiyelwe ngodonga sakhiwe ku-crevice, singafinyeleleki ezitheni. Lesi sakhiwo sisebenza isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kepha uma siwohloka ngezikhathi ezithile, izinyoni zakha isidleke esisha kwisisekelo esidala lapho.
I-Imaged esidlekeni se-Bluebird thrush
Ku-clutch, imvamisa kusuka ezingcebeni ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5 zamaqanda amhlophe anamaqanda amnyama wamaqanda. I-Hatching ihlala izinsuku ezingama-17. Uyabanjwa amaphuphu bird bird abazali badla izibungu nezinambuzane. Okokuqala, imvuthuluka ihamba ze futhi ayinasizo. Ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-25, ngenxa yokunakekelwa, izingane ziyaqina futhi ziyaqina. NgoJuni, inzalo ishiya isidleke sayo sendabuko, nabazali bayandiza kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukulindelwa kwezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emvelweni kunzima ukusungula. Ekuthunjweni, ama-thrushes ansomi angahlala iminyaka eyi-15, ngokungafani aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yenjabulo ukungabi nayo iminyaka.
Habitat
Indawo yokuhlala kwejuba incike ezinhlotsheni. Ijuba ledolobha elijwayelekile lihlala eduze kwabantu. Umuntu ngamunye undizela efasiteleni eyofuna ukudla.
Endle, zihlala emahlathini, emadwaleni nasezigodini. Ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziselwa ezolimo ekudleni.
Indlela yokuphila
Babhekwa njengezinyoni ezinhle nezinokuthula. Bahlala emihlambini emincane. Kaningi, baphila impilo yokuhlala. Uma kwenzeka izimo zezulu ezingafanele, ziyafuduka.
Abamele zasendle amajuba baqaphela futhi banamahloni. Babona futhi bezwa kahle. Ukondla umuntu ngamunye, ngaphandle kokwesaba, ukudla oku-peck okuvela ezandleni zabantu.
Ngabe lidlani ijuba
Isisekelo sokondleka okusanhlamvu, izithelo, imbewu namajikijolo. Uqhwaku lubukhali futhi lukhuni, oluvumela inyoni ukuthi inyakaze ngokunethezeka.
Baphuza kakhulu. Isisekelo sokudla kungukudla kwezitshalo. Kwesinye isikhathi, zidla izinambuzane ezincane noma okunye ukudla.
Ngosizo lokudla, amajuba angaqeqeshwa. Bajwayela ukudla njalo endaweni ethile. Ukucinga ukudla, ukwazi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ezingama-50 km.
Izitha zemvelo
Amajuba ahlala endle, ziqhele kude nezitha ezinjalo ezingenzeka:
Ukubanda kakhulu kungadala ukulimala. Ngokuya ngezifo ezithathelwanayo, okuvela kuzo ukufa kaningi.
Lezi zinyoni ezinomusa nezimnene zidinga ukunakekelwa komuntu. Ukuzwela kanye nesifiso esihlelekile sokusiza imvelo kuzosiza ukugcina inani lezinhlobo zezinja ezingasatholakali ezingasatholakali.
Izici zokudla zikaJay
Ehlathini noma ngebhande lasehlathini, inyoni ehlekisayo isebenza njenge-sentinel, imemezela isifunda ngemisindo ephakeme futhi engathandeki lapho abantu noma izilwane ezidla ezinye zisondela, kuyilapho uqobo zingokwabazingeli futhi ziyakwazi ukudla amaqanda nam amaphuphu ezinye izinyoni.
Ukudla okuyinhloko komqaphi onemikhawulo yensimu yayo kufaka phakathi izibungu ezinhlobonhlobo nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, izinduku ezincane nokudla komsuka wesitshalo, njengama-oki amantongomane namantongomane, amajikijolo asizini nembewu ethile yezitshalo.
Qaphela!
Ukuhluka Kwezinhlobo Ezikhona
Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bathole futhi bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 zama-jay, ahlukaniswa ngezimpawu ezikhethekile, i-physique eqinile, i-plumage eyingqayizivele nesiginesha, i-crest ebonakalayo kalula, izinga elihle lokukhuthazela.
Ipharamitha ejwayelekile ingafaka i-plumage ekhanyayo futhi ehlukile, ekhonjiswa ngemibala egqamile, lo mphumela udalwa ngenxa yokuphindwa ukukhanya kwelanga, okufakazelwa izifundo ezahlukahlukene nokucwaninga ngesakhiwo sezimpaphe, umbala wazo kanye nebanga lomthunzi.
Izimo nendawo yokuhlala kwama jay
Ngokwazi ukuthi kubukeka kanjani i-jay, kulula ukuyihlukanisa kwabanye abamele umbuso wombala obumenyezelwe, indawo yokuhlala inyoni yomndeni wama-corvidae iseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika kanye nezindawo ezithile ze-Eurasia, abanye abamele lolu hlobo bangatholakala eTexas naseMalaysia.
Imvamisa, izinyoni zitholakala emahlathini noma emahlathini, ngokuya ngobuningi bokuphakelwa kokudla, indawo yazo ingahle ikhulele emasimini asesihlahlini, kepha ngenxa yokusakaza ama-jay, izihlahla ezixegayo neziyize zezihlahla ezinamandla zikhethwa.
Izimpawu
Imvamisa inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evela entweni yezinto eziphilayo iphenduka ibe isithombe esijwayelekile. Esimweni esinjalo esifanele, inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibamba iqhaza ezinkolelweni nasezibonakalweni eziningi. Izithombe zenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka azihlali kuphela kubuciko bendabuko. Kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa izibalo zamasiko emakhulwini eminyaka adlule nanamuhla.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi izimpawu ezihlotshaniswa nenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zaqhamuka kanjani - le thrush iyivelakancane ezweni lethu. Ngomfanekiso ophila ngezibonakaliso, izinhlobo zezinyoni azibalulekile kangako. I-titmouse ejwayelekile ingasebenza njengenyoni yenjabulo.
Isibonakaliso esikhulu. Umuntu ohlangane nenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka usesengozini yenjabulo. Inhlanhla uqobo ingena ezandleni zakhe. Ikusasa eliseduze kuzoba okuhle kakhulu. Injabulo izothuthukiswa, okungukuthi, ukuphumelela ngokwezezimali kuzowela ekhanda lakho, futhi othandekayo wakho uzobuyiselwa. Ukuphela kwento - ungathathi izinyathelo ezixakile.
Isethi eyinhloko yezibonakaliso ayihlotshaniswa nokuhlangana komuntu nenyoni, kodwa nokufika kwenyoni kumuntu. Umehluko ungabonakala ungabalulekile. Kepha kunencazelo kukho. Inyoni endiza iye endlini, ingqongqoza noma igqekeze engilazini kungaba yisisulu sezinto ezimbi.
Ngemuva kwalo mcimbi, omunye wabantu abahlala ngaphandle kwaleli windi noma othile osondelene nalo mndeni angagula noma afe. Amathuba okungajabuli ayanda uma inyoni iphula ingilazi nomzimba wayo bese izilimaza.
Uma ezikhathini zamuva nje omunye osondelene naye eshonile, umphefumulo wakhe ungagxila emzimbeni wenyoni. Imiphefumulo ikwazi kahle okwedlule nesikhathi esizayo. Efuna ukwazisa abathandekayo babo ngomcimbi obalulekile ozayo, inyoni okuhlala kuyo umphefumulo iqala ukungqongqoza ewindini. Umcimbi oluzayo ngeke neze ube lusizi, kodwa ubaluleke kakhulu.
Izimpawu ezinezinyoni ezizama ukundiza endlini ziphela amandla uma kukhona isidleke salokhu noma inyoni efanayo nasendlini. Uma kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inyoni evela endlini, ikakhulukazi i-titmouse, ibonakalisa ukufudumala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ikhuthaza abalimi ukuba balungiselele ukuhlwanyela. Uma okungenani ibala elincane eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka libonakala kumaplamu ale nyoni - lizophumelela, lithele unyaka wenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amandla amabi kuma-omens anikezwa amakhaza, izinyoni zasolwandle, kwesinye isikhathi ama-jackdaws. Undlunkulu onobuqili akaqabuki abikezela noma yini, ngaphandle kwemisebenzi engenalutho. Ama-toufreefree, ama-blackbird, nama-warblers ahlala enenhlanhla. Lezi izinyoni eziluhlaza zenjabulo.
Iyini inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephupha ngayo
Akujwayelekile ukuthi uphuphe nezinyoni, ikakhulukazi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyoni - isihloko sephupho, esingalifanekisela, kuye ngocezu lwephupho, okuhlukile, kwesinye isikhathi okuphambene, izinhlangano. Umbala weplamu yimininingwane ebalulekile. Izinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka azilokothi zithwale usongo, zingabonisi izehlakalo ezimbi.
Inyoni enamapulangwe akhanyayo, iphupha ngowesifazane onesizungu, iveza umhlangano nowesilisa ozoqala ukunakekela le ntokazi. Uma inyoni okungenani iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umphumela ojabulisayo womhlangano kungenzeka kakhulu. Uma indoda enesizungu ibona iphupho, isiphetho siyophuma ngokufanayo: umhlangano nowesifazane othokozisayo awude kude, ubudlelwane buzovela hhayi nje kuphela obumnandi, kodwa futhi bukhulu.
Kwowesifazane oshadile noma owesilisa oshadile, inyoni ethokozayo, ebabayo ibika ngokufika kwengane okusondele. Kungaba yindodana noma yindodakazi, umzukulu noma umzukulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukungezwa kuzokwenzeka emndenini onobungane noma ohlobene.
Ukuzama ukubamba inyoni enemibala egqamile, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akulona iphupho elihle. Kuzosetshenziswa umzamo omningi ngokujaha inhlanhla engacabangi. Uma inyoni isezandleni, lo muntu maduze nje kufanele alindele ukukhuphuka komnotho, ibhonasi noma intuthuko efanayo ebonakalayo.
Umhlambi wezinyoni ezolile ufanekisela impilo nenqubekela phambili yomsebenzi. Umbala wezinyoni ungahluka, ungcono kunayo yonke eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyoni ezinombala omnyama zihlala zimbi. Endabeni yomhlambi wezingwe noma ama-jackdaws, kunebhande elimnyama empilweni. Izinyoni ezikhalelayo, njengabansundu, izinhlamvu zamaphupho ezingezinhle. Izinyoni ezihlabelelayo noma ezithiweta ziprofeta ngendlela emnandi.
Izinyoni ephusheni zingaprofeta imicimbi eyehlukene. Ngenxa yamaphiko, ukundiza, ubukhona basezulwini, noma ngabe yini eyenzekayo iphupho ngokubamba iqhaza kwezinyoni, zihlala zingabulali. Ungakwazi ukugwema izinto ezithile ezingezinhle noma ulethe ukusondela kwesifiso sekusondele.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Izibalo zibika ukuthi ngokuya ngokuthandwa phakathi kwamagama amaqembu anamuhla wokudala, umculo nemisebenzi yezemibhalo, imincintiswano, izinhlangano zomshado nokunye, enye yezindawo zokuqala "inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Ukuqala kwanikezwa umsebenzi omangalisayo kaM. Meterlink "The Blue bird".
Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ukwenziwa kokuqala kwalokhu kudlalwa kwenziwa eRussia. "I-Blue bird" esiteji senkundla yemidlalo ilethe uK. S. Stanislavsky. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1908 eMosical Art Theatre. Impumelelo ibalulekile. Yize izimiso zokuziphatha ezazibekwe kulolulaka zazibonakala kumqondisi uqobo banal, ukuthokozela kakhulu ukwakhiwa kukaMeterlink.
ECazakhstan, i-Ile-Alatau Park yavulwa ngo-2017. Itholakala eduzane neAlmaty. I-Ecotourism ithuthuka ngejubane elisheshayo. KumaKazakhs nezakhamizi zezwe lethu - lokhu kungenye yezindawo ezimbalwa lapho kutholakala khona aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka negama lesayensi iMyophonus caeruleus. Lapho uhambo luhlelwe khona ukubuka izinyoni zenjabulo.
Ukuzala nokuzala kwezinyoni
Njengoba sesifunde incazelo ye-jay, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukwahlukana kwayo ngokobulili, imibala nemibala yayo, kukhanya ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabamele bobabili ubulili obunemibala, okungabavimbeli ekwakheni imibhangqwana eqinile nokugcina ukwethembeka kukho konke impilo.
Izihlahla zikhethwa ukuthi zidleke izinyoni, akuvamisile ukuba zibhake - isidleke, isidleke esenziwe inkomishi sakhiwa ngezinto zemvelo ezahlukahlukene futhi sifakwe izimpaphe nezimpaphe, kaningi kulokwakhiwa okunjalo ungathola izinto ezincane ezibolekwe kubantu.
Izilwane zasendle uJay Kubukwa
Kutholakala i-jay enhle eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka edolobheni noma ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha, lapho ungabheka khona ngokukhululeka ukusebenza kwayo ezimeni zemvelo, ngoba uma i-nesting ikhetha izihlahla nezihlahla ngisho nasezindlini zabantu noma ezakhiweni.
Le nyoni ekhipha izikhalo ezinkulu idonsa kalula ukunaka futhi yazisa wonke umuntu ukuthi sekuqhamuke omunye umakhelwane okhathazekile, ukunqotshwa kwayo akumvimbeli ekudlekeni nasezakhiweni zabantu, ikakhulukazi uma esethole inkundla edla izindathane eduzane futhi angafuni ukuyabelana nabanye abamele umbuso wezinyoni.
Ubungako obuphakathi nobuncane be-jay bukwenza kucishe kungabonakali emiqheleni yezihlahla ngaphansi kwelanga eliqondile, kodwa kukhiphe umsindo wawo omkhulu, ngoba lo mlindi wehlathi ulingisa kahle imisindo ehlukene engaba nephutha kalula ngokulimaza ikati, ukukhonkotha kwenja noma imbuzi yokuqhuma.