Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Inhlanzi yeBony |
Ukuthenga: | I-Cypriniphysi |
I-Superfamily: | I-Carp-like |
I-Subtype: | Izidumbu zoKhoi |
Izidumbu zoKhoi (IsiJapan 鯉 noma コ イ koi) noma, ngokunembile, i-brosha carp (Jap. 錦鯉 nishikigo) - - ukuhlobisa izinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ekhaya ezihlotshwe kuma-subspecies e-Amur (Latin Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) carp (UCyprinus carpio) I-Koi carp ibhekwa njengenhlanzi eye yadlula izinketho ezi-6 zokuzalela, ngemuva kwalokho isigaba esithile sabelwa yona.
Njengamanje, eJapan kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-koi, kepha okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengokubukeka nemibala emibala eyishumi nane.
Umlando wokuvela
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-2500 edlule, izidumbu zalethwa eChina zivela ezindaweni eziseduze noLwandle lweCaspian. Akukaziwa nakanjani ukuthi kwavela nini i-carp eJapan; amarekhodi okuqala alo abhalwa ngekhulu le-14 - le-15 AD. e. Kukholakala ukuthi i-carp yalethwa eJapan ngabokufika abavela eChina. AmaJapan ayibiza ngokuthi "Magoi" - i-carp emnyama. Kamuva, abalimi baseJapan baqala ukuyilima emachibini okufakwayo ukuze isetshenziswe. Ezindaweni ezikude ezintabeni, izidumbu zazivame ukuphela kokudla kwamaprotheni, ngokwesibonelo, eNiigata Prefecture.
Ukuhlobisa
Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yokuguquka kwemvelo, ezinye izidumbu zikhombisa ukuphambuka kombala ohlukile. Izinhlanzi ezinje ngephethini engeyona eyejwayelekile azange ziye ekudleni futhi zigcinwa ikakhulu ngenhloso yokuhlobisa. Kancane kancane, ukutshalwa kwezidumbu ezinemibala kukhule kwaba uthando lwabalimi. Abanini beqa izinhlanzi zabo, ngenkathi bathola ukuhluka kombala okusha. Le nto yokuzilibazisa nayo yathandwa kakhulu ngabathengisi nezicukuthwane futhi kancane kancane yasakazeka kulo lonke elaseJapan. Umbukiso weTokyo Taisho wango-1914 waqala wethula ama-koi anemibala ukunakwa ngumphakathi jikelele. Manje emazweni amaningi kunamakilabhu nezinhlangano zabathandi be-koi, kubanjwa imibukiso nemibukiso.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-Koi
1. Ukwakheka komzimba
- ukungezwa okujwayelekile kweKoyi ukwakheka kwekhanda, umzimba nezikhumba, kufaka phakathi ukulingana kwazo.
Isidumbu se-koi sowesifazane esinamandla sinenzuzo. Abesilisa, njengomthetho, ngofuzo abakwazi ukuthola inani elifanele levolumu elifanele ukubamba iqhaza kulo mncintiswano. Ubukhulu nokwakheka kwamaphini kufanele kuhambisane nomzimba. Ukwakheka kwekhanda akufanele kube mfushane kakhulu, kube yide noma kube lugobile endaweni eyodwa. Uma ubheka i-koi evela phezulu, umzimba kufanele ube futhi ulinganayo ezinhlangothini zombili, uhlangothi olulodwa alunakuba olukhulu kunolunye.
2. Umbala nephethini
- ukubukeka nokuthungwa kwesikhumba
Izinga lesikhumba nemibala ejulile futhi esebenzayo ikalwe kuqala. Inhlanganisela yemibala uqobo iyahlolwa. Isikhumba kufanele sikhanye ngokukhazimula okunempilo.
- ikhwalithi yemibala, amaphethini, imiphetho yamaphethini nebhalansi yephethini
Izindawo ezinemibala kufanele zikhawulelwe ngokukhawulelwe. Imingcele ehlanzekile, yokhrisimu yithandwa kakhulu. Izindawo ezinombala kufanele zilinganiswe. Izindawo "ezisindayo" ngaphambili, phakathi noma emsileni wezinhlanzi azivunyelwe. Iphethini kufanele ilingane nomzimba wezinhlanzi, okungukuthi, izinhlanzi ezinkulu kufanele zibe nephethini enkulu.
- Izidingo zokubukeka ziqonde ngqo kuhlobo ngalunye, noma izici zohlobo
- ukuma, noma ukuthi u-koi uzigcina kanjani emanzini nokuthi ubhukuda kanjani
- umbono wokuthi i-koi ngayinye yenzani isimilo esifingqa wonke amaphuzu wokuhlola
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Koi
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-80 zohlobo lwe-koi. Ukuze kube lula, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo ayi-16, ahlanganiswe yisici esisodwa noma eziningi ezivamile:
- I-Kohaku (isiJapan 紅白 Ko: ha)
- I-Taisho Sansyoku (iJapan 大 正 三 色 Taisho: sansoku)
- I-Shoe Sansyoku (iJapan 昭和 三 色 UShou: wa sansoku)
- I-Utsurimono (isiJapane 写 り 物)
- Becco (waseJapan べ っ っ I-Becco:)
- IsiTantyo (isiJapan 丹 丹 IsiTantyo:)
- I-Asagi (浅黄)
- USTHOi (waseJapan 秋 翠 Xu: USoyi)
- I-Coromo (isiJapane 衣)
- I-Kinginrin (isiJapan 金 銀鱗)
- I-Kavarimono (isiJapane 変 わ り 物)
- Umlilo (isiJapan. Mayelana: gon)
- I-Hikari-moyomono (isiJapane 光 模樣 者)
- I-Gosiki (jap. 五色)
- Kumonryu (九 紋 竜 Kumonryu:)
- I-Doytsu-goyi (ド イ ツ 鯉)
Umsuka
Kunombono wasenganekwaneni osungulwe kahle wokuthi inhlanzi enjenge-carp akuyona eyasekuqaleni, eyadalwa ngokwemvelo, ehlala izidumbu zamanzi aphansi zamanje nezimi njalo. Ngokwethusa, ibukeka sengathi iyisisebenzi esibuhlungu esizaliswayo esihlobene nokufakwa ekhaya kwe-carp yasendle, ikhaya lokhokho lawo eliseningizimu yeChina neCaspian. Lokhu empeleni akulungile. I-carp yasendle yayihlala inezinhlobo zemifula neichibi, ezazingafani ngesimo somzimba. Izinhlanzi, ezihlala zihlala zithanda i-oksijini ngokushesha, zazinomzimba ophansi ofana ne-torpedo futhi zinde ubude. Izidumbu ezifanayo, uhla lwazo lwawela ezolile futhi lunothile emijondolo yamanzi enobuncane bezilwane ezinkulu ezidlayo, lwathola isisindo ngokushesha, lwakhula futhi lwakhula.
Yizinhlobonhlobo zechibi, ngaphambili elalihlala ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezikhethiwe, laziswa ngumuntu ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina i-Europe, i-Asia, neNyakatho Melika. Indaba yokuthuthuka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngesilinganiso samkhakha yavela kuphela eminyakeni eyi-150-200 kuholele ekutheni kuqale inqwaba yezinhlobo zoqobo kanye nzalo.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi igama elithi "carp" alinasisekelo sesayensi futhi lasungulwa ngekhulu le-19 ngesandla sokukhanya kombhali odumile wezincwadi zokudoba nokuzingela, uSergei Aksakov. Umlobi we-Ufa wayevame ukuvakashela izwe lakubo elincane, lapho ayezibandakanya khona emihlanganweni yezinsuku eziningi emaphandleni. Ngesinye isikhathi lapho esiya etojeni elikhulu kunazo zonke loMfula iKama, umfula i-Agidel (umfula iBelaya), kwenzeka ukuthi athole izidumbu zasendle. Umqhubi wendawo, iBashkirs, ubabize ngokuthi i-carp, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi kusuka eTurkic kusho "inhlanzi eshisiwe." Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kombhali, igama elixakile selimile phakathi kwabantu, kepha ngokombono we-ichthyology, izidumbu zasendle nezasekhaya ziyinyama eyodwa (iCyprinus carpio).
Ifomu lesichibi selibanzi, libalulekile futhi lithengiswa; lingummeleli oyisisekelo wohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-carp ejwayelekile. Kwamatekisi, ezinye izinkomba zisetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni - ejwayelekile, yegolide, isikali. Imvamisa empilweni yansuku zonke kunegama elibolekiwe kusuka olimini lwesi-Old Slavonic - korop.
Ukubukeka nobukhulu
I-Carp ejwayelekile inesimo sangaphandle, esibonakala kalula, ehlukile kwabanye:
- umzimba omningi, omude, omude ngokulinganayo,
- isikali esikhulu esilingana ne-cycloid esine-edging emnyama (32-41 emugqeni we-lateral),
- izinhlangothi zegolide noma eziphuzi,
- isibani esikhulu
- umlomo omkhulu, ophansi ophansi ongadonswa eshubhu,
- ngazimbili zezinsizwa ezibucayi, ezikhule kahle kahle ezindebe ezinde,
- Amehlo aphezulu asebekiwe ezinabafundi abancane ne-iris eluhlaza eluhlaza,
- mnyama emuva ngophawu olude olune-grey olive hue (imisebe engu-3-4 enzima nemisebe ethambile engu-17-22),
- ukuvuleka kwamakhala kabili.
Umzimba wale nhlanzi umbozwe kakhulu umquba, okunciphisa ukufikelwa kwamanzi, kuthuthukisa i-thermoregulation futhi uvikele umzimba ekuthelelekeni nasezinhlamvini zomzimba. I-Carp inobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele nesisindo. Amacala ahlelwe ngokungemthetho ngokuqanjwa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-55 kg ubude bomzimba wamamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Kepha ekubambeni okujwayelekile, abancane (abaneminyaka emi-2-7 ubudala) abanesisindo esingama-1-5 kg banganqoba. Uhlobo luphawulwa ngokuphila isikhathi eside seminyaka engama-40-50, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ziyakwazi ukunqoba umkhawulo weminyaka eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu.
UmJapan oneminyaka engama-70 uqukethe i-carp echibini lakwakhe, alithatha njengefa futhi mdala ngeminyaka engama-35 kunomniniyo. Umhlali weLand of the Rising Sun uphatha izinhlanzi njengelungu lomndeni, futhi uyenqaba ngokuphelele ukuyithengisa nge-yen eyizigidi eziningana (cishe ama- $ 20,000).
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
Uhla lwe-carp luhlanganisa i-Europe, i-Central kanye ne-Western Asia, i-Far East kanye nezinye izindawo eziningi eziphakathi kwezwe elinomusa futhi liseningizimu. E-Russia, i-korop igcwele emizimbeni yamanzi entsha yolwandle olumnyama, i-Azov, iBaltic, iCaspian, iJapan ne-Okhotsk. Indawo yokuhlala oyintandokazi imile noma amachibi ahamba kancane, izikhukhula ezigcwala amanzi, amachibi, imisele nezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezinobuningi bezimila nomhlabathi othambile, udaka, isihlabathi noma inhlabathi enzima. Ukujula okuphezulu kokuhlala ngamamitha ayi-2-10. Ama-Shelter abalulekile ezinhlanzini, ngakho-ke akanaki ukufinyelela okuvulekile ngethafa eliphansi, uncamela izindawo ezinemigodi, izihlahlana zezitshalo eziphakeme noma ezintantayo, umgibe, nezihlahla ezibiweyo.
Idlani i-carp
I-Fish is benthophaous kanye ne-omnivorous benthophage. Idivayisi ekhethekile ekwazi ukubuyiselwa yomlomo ikuvumela ukuthi ucofe ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo izihlungi ezansi eziphansi. Amazinyo agqamile we-pharyngeal, izindebe ezibanzi ezibanzi zisetshenziswe kahle ukuze zibambe futhi zigaye ukudla okuqinile. Isisekelo sokudla kwe-carp yilezi:
- izibungu, izibungu, crustaceans,
- izimbumbulu, izinambuzane, imidlwane,
- i-caviar yama-amphibians nezinye izinhlanzi,
- okusanhlamvu, imifino, ukhula lwasolwandle,
- amahlumela wezitshalo, i-detritus, i-leeches.
Umuthi owuthandayo u-molting crayfish kanye nebhali. Imvamisa ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona i-carp, ungezwa ukuqalwa kwamagobolondo aqhobozekile, okubangela ukukhathazeka kwama-angler angenalwazi. Abantu abakhulu babamba lo mbala, kepha awubazondi ngokuqondile. Ngenxa yezindlebe ezakheke kahle futhi zinozwela oluzwelayo, amaqhubu ezwa ukuphakama kwezimbungulu zegazi emhlabathini noma ukuphambana kwesinambuzane ebusweni bamanzi buqamamitha ayi-10-20.
Izici zokuphila
Emncane, inhlanzi ibambelela ekuziphatheni kwesikole. Njengoba bekhula futhi bekhula ngezidingo zokudla okunempilo, bathuthela kwindlela encane yeqembu noma yokuphila eyedwa. Umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo wezinhlobo zenzeka ngenkathi efudumele kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Inani eliphakeme le-forage liwela ngoJuni, lapho izinhlanzi zibulawa yindlala ngemuva kokushintshwa kokudla kokudla okuzungezile kwehora. Ngokuqala kokushisa kwehlobo kanye nokushisa ngokwedlulele kwamanzi, isikhathi sokukhanuka siguqulwa ebusuku, kepha uma lina, lapho lina kakhulu, izulu lifuna ukudla usuku lonke.
Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, amagagasi wesibili we-zhor aqala, aqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba futhi ahlotshaniswa nokuqongelelwa kwezimali zamandla obusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-carp ayinandaba futhi igxile kakhulu ekutholeni ukudla. Ukuziphatha okungabazisayo kuvame ukuphela ngokubanjwa kwayo - kungukuqala kanye naphakathi nekwindla lapho ukubanjwa okukhulu kubanjiswa khona kubabambisi. Ngenkathi ebandayo, i-korop ichitha imigodi ebusika nge-yamanje encane. Njengoba isingene ezikoleni ezinkulu namanye ama-cyprinid, isisithonjana esimisiwe futhi empeleni ayondli.
Ukuzala
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amaqanda, kudingeka izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokwanele lika + 18-20 ° C, ngakho-ke ukwanda kwe-carp kwenzeka sekwephuzile, ngokuvamile ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Owesifazane ovuthiwe ngocansi oneminyaka engama-3-5 ubudala uthola “amanenekazi” amaningana, ontanga, futhi uya kumanzi angajulile (40-60 cm), agcwele imifino ethambile. ICaviar ifakwe ilebuli enezinsuku ezimbili. Ingqikithi yenqwaba yemichilo evela kowesifazane oyedwa amaqanda ayizigidi ezingama-0,5,0. Isikhathi sokufakwa kokukhula kombungu sithatha izinsuku ezingama-3-6. Izibungu ezikhiqizwayo zikhula izinsuku eziningana endaweni eyi-static, zithola izakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo kusuka ku-yolk sac. Fry eliginyayo iqala ukondla okusebenzayo nge-zooplankton kanye nama-crustaceans amancane.
Izinhlobo ze-Carp
Kunombono ongelona iqiniso wokuthi izinhlanzi ze-carp ziyizinhlobo ezihlaselwe okwenziwe ukhokho wazo yi-carp.
Ukukholelwa okunjalo empeleni akulungile. Eqinisweni, izidumbu bezilokhu zitholakala njalo emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile. Lezo zinhlobo ze-carp ezazihlala emanzini agobhozayo zazinomzimba omncane, ophakeme. Izinhlobo zeLacustrine ezihlala emizimbeni yamanzi emile enesizinda esicebile seFrance kancane kancane zathola isisindo futhi zikhula ngosayizi. Kwakuyilolu hlobo eyaqala ukubiliswa echibini lombusi laseChina, lapho yasakazekela khona kulo lonke i-Eurasia. Njengamanje, izinhlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi ahlanzekile ahlala emanzini amanje zithathwa njengezidumbu.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-carp:
- I-Carp ejwayelekile. Izinhlobo zivame kakhulu. Kubizwa nangokuthi isikali, i-carp yegolide, njll. Umzimba mkhulu, uyindilinga, umbozwe ngokuphelele esikalini. Umbala useduze negolide noma nsundu, kuyatholakala imibala emnyama. Yile nhlobonhlobo eyisisekelo sokutshalwa kwezimo zokufakelwa.
- I-Mirp Carp. Ngaphandle kokuzalela izinhlobo, ezifuywa eJalimane ekhulwini leminyaka edlule. Enye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Isikali asimbozi wonke umzimba, kepha kuphela ingxenye engenhla noma etholakala emgqeni wesikhungo somzimba. Isikali sikhulu kakhulu, sicwebezela, sifana nezibuko ezincane (yingakho umsuka wegama).
- I-carp eyi-Naked (lesikhumba). Igama liyazikhulumela. Emzimbeni walolu hlobo lwe-carp akukho silinganiso. Le nhlobo ayiyona evamile njengabanye, ngenxa yokwanda kokuba sengozini yezifo kanye namagciwane.
- I-Carp yasendle. Lolu hlobo lutholakala kuphela ezimweni zemvelo. Ihlala emzimbeni wamanzi kuphela ngamanzi agobhozayo, ngoba ayinakuba khona ezimeni zokuphelelwa umoya-mpilo. Umzimba we-carp wasendle uphakeme kakhulu futhi umbozwe nge-mucus. Isakhiwo se-muzzle sinokufana okuthile kwe-carp ejwayelekile.
- I-Koi Carp (i-Japan Carp). AmaJapan adume ngokuthanda kwawo ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi ezihlobisa imihlobiso. Ngenxa yokukhethwa, bakwazi ukuthola izinhlobo ezinzile zezidumbu ezixakile. Lezi izinhlanzi ezibonakalayo ezinemibala ebomvu nemhlophe. Izimpawu ze-morphological ziyafana ne-carp yasendle noma evamile.
Kunezinhlobo ezingandile kakhulu zomndeni we-carp: i-Siamese carp, i-carp, i-crucian carp. Zonke lezi yizindlela ezingama-hybrid.
Usayizi we-Carp
Usayizi we-carp uncike kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo. Izidumbu zasendle azikhuli zibe zilingana ezinkulu. Isisindo somuntu ngamunye singamakhilogremu ama-3-4, kepha ukudoba ku-carp akunakubonwa; bekukhona nezinhlobo eyodwa ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-10 kg.
Izinhlobo zezichibi zikhulu kakhulu. Isisindo esisilinganiso esingu-3-7 kg. Kepha kunamacala abhaliwe wokubanjwa kwe-carp ejwayelekile echibini enesisindo esingaphezu kwama-55 kg. I-carp ejwayelekile ye-scaly inkulu ngokwedlula isibuko esisodwa. Izinhlobo zaseJapan azikhuli zibe ngosayizi omkhulu. Isisindo esijwayelekile esingu-1-2 kg.
I-Carp spawning
Izidumbu zifinyelela ekuthweni sekwephuze kakhulu. Abesilisa bayakwazi ukuzala ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila kwabo, futhi abesifazane kuphela beneminyaka emihlanu.
Ukuqalwa kwe-Carp kwenzeka sekwephuzile, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi kumele afudumele afinyelele ku-18 ° C. Uma intwasahlobo yaphenduka imnandi, khona-ke i-carp ingavela maphakathi noJuni.
Ukuze kuqhume, insikazi ikhetha amanzi angajulile, lapho ukujula kungaphezulu kwesigamu semitha. Ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwe-carp, ungabona ngisho nama-fins dorsal abantu abakhulu abangena emanzini angajulile.
Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, insikazi ithola “amanenekazi” ambalwa ahamba nayo yonke indawo. Indawo yokunwebeka kufanele ibe yandiswa nge-algae eqinile noma ngotshani, lapho kuzobekwa khona i-caviar ye-carp. I-Icrome yenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda ekushoneni kwelanga kuze kuse.
Carp Habitats
I-Carp isatshalaliswa kabanzi kuyo yonke i-Eurasia. Izindawo zokuhlala kwezinhlobo zasendle zezidumbu zikukuphela kwamanzi, ngoba zidinga ukulinganisela okuhle komoya.
Izinhlobo zeChibi zizizwa zizinhle emanzini amile. Kungaba amachibi, amachibi, amadamu okugcina. Izinhlobo zeLacustrine zingama-thermophilic, ngakho-ke, azitholakali ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Isibuko nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zingahlala emanzini angcolile angodaka. Lokhu akuphazamisi impilo yabo.
Ehlobo, ama-carps akhetha izindawo ezifudumele kahle ezinobunzima obungeqi kumamitha ayi-5. Phansi kukhethwe usilika noma ubumba.
Indlela yokuphila yeCarp
Carp unendlela yokuphila eqoqayo. Lokhu kukhula okuncane kufakwa emhlambini omkhulu, kuthi abantu abadala bahlala bodwa, kepha bagcine izihlobo zabo zibona. Ukukhula okusha kubhukuda emanzini angajulile, emahlathini we-algae. Izidumbu ezinkulu zihlala ngokujulile, zikhuphukele phezulu kuphela lapho zifuna ukudla.
AmaCarps ayizakhamuzi ezihlala phansi zezidumbu zamanzi, ezingaphansi kokufuduka. Indawo abahlala kuyo iyisithunzi nokuhlwa.Ama-glade acwebile we-solar ngaphandle kwe-algae akulona elawo.
Carp unikezwa ekuseni nakusihlwa. Kwesinye isikhathi uma ufuna ukudla kungaba ukuphuma emanzini. Uyenza ngokuxakayo, eshiya ama-splashes amaningi nemibuthano enkulu emanzini.
I-Carps ayinalo ulaka. Abalokothi bahlanganyele insimu, ukudla noma abesifazane. Isici esibalulekile sale nhlanzi amandla okubona yonke into ezungezile futhi aqaphele imibala.
Ebusika, ama-carps akwi-animation emisiwe. Aya ekujuleni, ambozwe ungqimba obukhulu be-mucus futhi alale. Ukuvuka kwenzeka kuphela entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela ku-8-10 ° C.
Umjikelezo wempilo weCarp
Ngemuva kokuthi owesimame abeke amaqanda, kuthi owesilisa amvundise, ukubalwa kuqala komjikelezo wempilo we-carp. Cishe isikhathi esingangesonto kamuva, izibungu ezincane zibamba amaqanda (ingabi ngaphezu kuka-5 mm). Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10 bazondla esikhwameni esiphuzi, esiqukethe wonke umsoco odingekayo. Lapho i-yolk sac inyamalala, gazinga luqala ukuzondla lodwa.
Intsha ihlala ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni zotshani kanye nolwelwe. I-Carp ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngonyaka ikhula ibe ngu-20cm futhi inesisindo esingama-500g. Ngeminyaka emibili yokuphila, i-carp isivele inesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu. Ngeminyaka emithathu, abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi, bese kuthi abesifazane babe yizihlanu. Isikhathi sokukhula siqala.
Impilo yeCarp iyisilinganiso seminyaka engu-3-8. Ezindaweni ezikude lapho kungekho badobi, izidumbu zingahlala ngokuphephile iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Izindlela zokubamba i-carp
Izindlela zokubamba i-carp akuyona umsebenzi olula, ikakhulukazi uma izinhlanzi zinkulu. Umgomo oyinhloko ukuthi lokho kubhekana kumele kube okuqinile futhi okuthembekile ukuze kubekezeleleke ukudonswa kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu.
Muva nje, ukudoba i-carp ku-feeder kudume kakhulu. Idivayisi ilula:
- induku elukhuni (250-300cm),
- Spinning Reel
- feeder esindayo. Udlala indima yesinki,
- ukuqhuma ngezingwegwe. Zingafakwa ku "rocker",
- ukuluma ubhakha.
Kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa isiheyidi ku-feeder (imvamisa kuyiphalishi noma izingxenye zezitshalo). Ngosizo lwenduku yokudoba, okondlayo, kanye nezingwegwe, uphonswa echibini. Kufakwa inkomba yokuluma kwinduku yokudoba. Konke, ungakhululeka bese ulinda isiginali. Ama-feeders eza ngosayizi ahlukahlukene. Isisindo, okuqhubekayo ungaphosa ngakho.
I-Donka-zakidushka mhlawumbe iyindlela yakudala kakhulu futhi efakazelwe kunazo zonke yokubamba i-carp. Idivaysi elula kunje:
- ukugoqa,
- umugqa omkhulu wokudoba oyisihlungo (ubude buxhomeke kwisichibi esithile, kodwa kungcono ukuthatha ngomugqa),
- ukuvuza okumbalwa ngezingwegwe,
- isinki esindayo (ivumela izingwegwe zibe endaweni eyodwa)
- ukuluma ubhakha.
Indlela yokudoba ilula. Intambo yokudoba enesinki nesikhuhluzo iphonswa endaweni ehlanganisiwe. Emgqeni ophambili udinga ukunamathisela idivaysi ekhombisa ukuluma. Amagiya anjalo angaxhunywa nenduku ngesilinganiso se-tepi.
Induku yokudoba nayo iyathandwa lapho kudotshwa i-carp.
Ngaye, uzodinga amagiya anjalo:
- induku eqinile yokudoba (5-6 m). Kungcono ukungagcini kukho, ngoba lapho unakekela isampula enkulu, ukuthathwa kalula kungamane kuphule,
- ukubambana ngezihlakala
- ukuntanta,
- Sika ama-pellets ukuze kuthunyelwe okulungile kwe-float,
- izingwegwe
- umugqa wokudoba. Oyinhloko kufanele abe mkhulu, ngama-leash - acinene.
Sitshala isihejo, siphonsa lokho kubanjiswa endaweni ebolekisiwe bese silinda ukulunywa.
Lezi kwakuyizindlela ezintathu ezithandwa kakhulu zokubamba i-carp. Ngokuya ngesifunda, amagiya angaba nezici zokuklama.
Carp Bait
Ukuhamba nge-Carp bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amathathu:
- Imvelaphi yezitshalo. Lokhu kufaka ummbila nophizi, ngesinye isikhathi ungasebenzisa ibhali elikhulu leparele. Inhlama ethosiwe nesinkwa zizibonakalise kahle.
- Imvelaphi yezilwane. Lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zezikelemu, amagwababa egazi, amacimbi, izingcezu zenyama. Njengomthetho, isiheho esinjalo siyasebenza maphakathi nehlobo.
- Imvelaphi yokwenziwa. Lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zezimpukane, ama-mormyshki, njll. Manje kaningi ungathola izithiyo ezinjalo ezitolo.
Ama-ranchers amaningi e-carp azenzela okwawo izithiyo.
I-Carp bait
Ukubheja okulungile kwe-carp kuyingxenye yempumelelo. Indawo kufanele idliwe kahle, asikho isidingo sokugcina kulokhu.
Umdobi ngamunye uneendlela zakhe zokupheka. Ngizokhuluma ngezinto ezilula kakhulu nezisebenzayo.
Ummbila + weparele + ikhekhe + ukunambitheka. I-Carp impela injengephunga lezinhlamvu ezinama-acid noma ama-legumes. Ngakho-ke, sipheka ngale ndlela: cwilisa ummbila kanye nebhali emanzini amahora angu-12. Ngemuva kwalokho sikhipha amanzi, engeza i-oyela enongiwe kanye ne-oyela, uhlanganise. Yonke into yokuloba isilungile. Iresiphi ilula, kepha ayisebenzi kangako.
Ukunambitha i-peas + i-cornmeal +. I-peas idinga ukufakwa kosuku, kuyilapho amanzi edinga ukushintshwa. Lapho i-peas isilungile, kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-cornmeal bese ingeza ukunambitheka.
Ukunambitheka kwe-Carp nakho kufanele kukhethwe kahle. Okubukeka ngokukhethekile yile: igalikhi, uju, i-caramel, i-vanilla.
Carp izitsha
Ungapheka izitsha ezahlukahlukene kusuka ku-carp:
- i-carp ebhakwe - ungabhaka ku-foil, ku-grill, ngemifino, nososo oluhlukahlukene. I-carp njalo izoba kuhle. Akulona ihlazo ukufaka isidlo esinjalo etafuleni lomkhosi,
- izindlebe - kusuka ku-carp ungapheka izindlebe ezicebile ekhishini noma ensimini,
- ama-cutlets - amaqebelengwane enhlanzi asezinhlanzini zasemfuleni - isidlo esinempilo nesokudla,
- i-carp ethosiwe - i-carp ethosiwe epanini ngeke ishiye noma ngubani ongenandaba. Tender inyama nezinongo imane inyibilika emlonyeni wakho.
Ukupheka kusuka ku-carp kulula, ngisho nomgcini we-novice angakwazi ukukuphatha.
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-carp
I-Carp iyinhlanzi yasemfuleni, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori akukho phezulu. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-carp kuphela i-112 kcal / 100g. Lokhu kusebenza kwinhlanzi ebilisiwe noma entshontshiwe. I-carp ethosiwe ikhalori eningi.
Kunoma ikuphi, i-carp ilungele kahle indlela yokudla enempilo noma yokudla. Abantu ababanjwe endle banempilo enhle ukwedlula emachibini okufakelwa.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Carp koi yinhlanzi ehlobisa kuphela. Okhokho bakhe babeyinqolobane kuma-Amur. Njengamanje, ngaphambi kokuthola isigaba esithile, izinhlanzi kudingeka zidlule ekukhetheni kokuzala ezi-6.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-2000 eyedlule, izidumbu zavela eChina, yize zazingabantu basekhaya koi carp wabheka iJapan. Lapho, ukukhuluma okokuqala okuqoshiwe kwezikhathi ze-carp emuva ngekhulu le-14. Ekuqaleni, le nhlobo yayisetshenziswa njengokudla kuphela. Lapho-ke abantu baqala ukuyizalela ngokuthengisa ukuze ithengiswe, kepha, futhi, endaweni yomkhiqizo wokudla.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphambuka kumbala ojwayelekile we-carp kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Abamele ababanjiwe bale nhlobo, abanombala ongajwayelekile, njengomthetho, bahlala bephila futhi besuka ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo baya echibini nasemanzini ukuze bajabulise iso lomuntu.
Kancane kancane, abantu baphendukela ekutshalweni okungumbumbulu kwezidumbu ezinemibala. Abanikazi balezinhlanzi ezinjalo ezingajwayelekile, okuvela kuzo ukuguquka kwezilwane zasendle, bazidabula phakathi kwabo, bethola imibala emisha.
Ngakho-ke, i-koi carp yasinda ezinsukwini zethu futhi yathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezilwane zasemanzini ezingajwayelekile. Okwesimanje izidumbu ze-japanese koi dlulela kwinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlola. Ubungako kanye nokwakheka kwamawele nomzimba, ikhwalithi yesikhumba kanye nokujula kombala, imingcele yombala, uma kukhona okuningana, ikhwalithi yamaphethini iyahlolwa. Futhi, u-koi uthola uphawu lokuthi ubhukuda kanjani.
Emincintiswaneni, wonke amaphuzu atholakala ngepharamitha ethile ayangezelelwa bese kukhethwa onqobayo. Njengamanje, amazwe amaningi enza imibukiso enjalo nemibukiso enikezelwe kwizidumbu ze-koi. Amachibi ayindawo yokuhlala yemvelo, futhi ikhwalithi lamanzi enhlanzi alibaluleke kakhulu kuze kube namuhla. Kuyiqiniso, i-koi carp, ngokungafani nokhokho bayo, ihlala kuphela kwizindawo zokuhlanza ezenziwe ngobuciko.
Unomzimba omude, omnyama. Isisulu sithweswa umqhele izimbotshana ezimbili, zisebenza njengezitho zomqondo. U-Koi ubonakala ngokungabikho kwesikali, ngenxa yalokho kukhanya kakhulu. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-80 ezahlukahlukene zezidumbu ze-koi. Ngayinye inombala wayo kanye nephethini. Yingakho isithombe se-koi carp kukhanya futhi kuhlukahlukene.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Kukholelwa ukuthi inhlanzi ngayinye inomuntu wayo. Futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-waterfowl iyajwayela futhi iyakwazi ukubona umuntu wayo. Uma wenza umzamo omncane, ungaqeqesha ukudla kwe-carp koi thatha ezandleni zomnikazi.
Isehlakalo esijwayelekile ukuthi i-carp ebona umuntu wayo ingabhukuda kuye futhi ivumele ukushaywa unhlangothi. Le nhlanzi isilwane esijwayelekile esiletha injabulo futhi idinga umzamo omncane ukunakekela.
Ama-Koi anesimilo esizolile, angakhombisi ulaka komunye nomunye, noma abantu, noma izinhlanzi zolunye uhlobo. Ungaqeqeshwa. Ubude be-carp bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-80. Izinhlanzi zikhula ngokushesha ezimweni ezinhle. To koi carp e-aquarium Wazizwa emuhle, edinga indawo enkulu yokubhukuda kwakhe kwamahhala.
Isithombeni se-carp koi e-aquarium
Kungakho, uma unikezwe usayizi wezinhlanzi, kungcono ukuyigcina echibini lokufakelwa. U-Koi ubona ukujula kwamasentimitha angama-50, kepha angawi ngokujula kunamamitha nengxenye, ngakho-ke akufanele wenze ithangi lijule kakhulu. Inhlanzi izizwa kahle ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi - ukusuka kuma-15 kuye kwangama-30 degrees Celsius. I-koi carp koi iba engasebenzi futhi ebulalayo.
Umsoco
Izidumbu zikaKoyi echibini
Njengomthetho, ukondla kwenzeka kabili noma kathathu ngosuku. Ukwakheka kwesisu akuvumeli i-carp ukuthi igaye inani elikhulu lokudla ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi wesilwane esinjalo kufanele aqinisekise ngokucophelela ukuthi isigceme sakhe asidli ngokweqile.
Kunomthetho ongashiwongo osiza ukondla i-carp - uma umuntu oyedwa echitha imizuzu eyi-10 edla eyodwa ekhonza, khona-ke konke kuhamba kahle. Uma inhlanzi ibekezelela ngokushesha okukhulu kunasemizuzwini eyi-10 - akukho ukudla okwanele. Futhi uma i-carp ithatha ingxenye eyodwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10, umnikazi uyayihlutha, obekungafanele ivunyelwe.
Ukuze ulondoloze ukukhanya nokugcwala kombala, i-carp iyelulekwa ukuba inikeze i-daphnia ne-shrimp eyomile. Abanye abanikazi bezidumbu bathanda ukudla okukhethekile lapho kudayiswa khona into yokufakelwa.
Udayi awulimazi inhlanzi, ngoba uyisengezo sokudla esinempilo. Kodwa-ke, kwandisa ukugqama kombala, okwenza i-carp engajwayelekile ithakazeke futhi ibe yinhle ngokwengeziwe.
Izidumbu zabantu abadala zingondliwa ngokudla kwabantu. Isibonelo, kusetshenzwe imifino emisha, okusanhlamvu, amakhabe, ama-aphula kanye namapheya. Lapho usebenzisa ukudla kwabantu, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukusabela kwesilwane esifuywayo ukuze kukhonjwa ukubekezelelana ngakunye, uma kukhona.
Futhi, i-carp enkulu ngeke yenqabe izibungu, ama-bloodworms nokunye ukudla okubukhoma. Lapho ufinyelela amakhilogremu we-10-15 ama-carps, kunconywa ukondla izikhathi ezi-4 ngosuku, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-500 amagremu ngosuku. Kuyasiza ukuba isilwane ukuhlela usuku lokuzila ngosuku ngeviki.