Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Encane (incane kakhulu kunondlunkulu), inyoni enemibala ngesizotha. Ingxenye encane kunazo zonke eYurophu naseRussia. Ubude bomzimba ongu-10 ukuya ku-12 cm, isisindo ngo-7 ukuya ku-12 g. Kulesi sifunda esisidingidwayo, simelelwa yizinkampani ezintathu, ezimbili zazo ezifakwe eqenjini elihlukile kwezingabhaliswangaphaeonotus”, Okuvamile eCaucasus, eTurkey naseMiddle East. Konke okubhalwe phansi kwaleli qembu kuhluke kakhulu kuma-subspecies aqokiwe (R. a. i-ater) ohlala enkabeni yeRussia YaseYurophu.

Incazelo. Owesilisa nowesifazane banemibala efanayo. Ezinyoni zezindawo eziphakanyisiwe, ephezulu iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-tint ekhanyayo yomthi womnqumo, phansi imhlophe, izinhlangothi nangaphansi kufiphele kube-brownish-buffy. Ingaphezulu lekhanda kusuka ebunzini liye nape, kanye nezinhlangothi zekhanda zimnyama nge-sheen eblue eblue. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokuba sesimweni esijabulisayo ikakhulukazi, inyoni ingakhuphula amaplamu cap ngesimo se-crest encane. Kunendawo enkulu emhlophe emuva kwentamo. Umphimbo nesifuba esingaphezulu kumnyama. Ukusuka emgqeni wamehlo kanye nezimpaphe ezimboze endlebeni ziye emphinjeni naphezulu kwesihlalo sesifuba kunensimu enkulu emhlophe - “isihlathi”. KuMuscovite, akuvamile ukwakheka njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, kukwi-tit enkulu, uhlaka lwayo olucacile, olunqunyelwe yiplamu emnyama yomphimbo kanye nezinhlangothi zekhanda, kuphazamiseka endaweni yephiko lophiko. Lapha, ngaphansi kompheme wephiko, ezinhlangothini zesifuba kukhona amabala amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umsila kanye nephiko zimnyama kancane futhi zinsundu kakhudlwana kunasemuva. Izikhala zezimpaphe ezinkulu ezinkulu ezifihlekile zimnyama, kude zihlangana zibe yimicu emibili emhlophe ehlukile. Imingcele emincane emhlophe ibonakala kahle ekugcineni kwemiphetho yezimpaphe eziphakeme zomhlaba. Amehlo nomlomo omnyama, ama-paws aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Owesifazane upendiwe kancane. Umzimba wakhe ophezulu ungaphezu komnqumo, isigqoko siba matte kakhulu, cishe ngaphandle kokukhanya, umphimbo nasesifeni ngoshizi onsundu. Ezinyoni ezincane, phezulu ngimpunga omnyama, onombala onsundu noma omnqumo. Ingquza ibumnyama bampunga, umphimbo ube nsundu, esihlathini futhi endaweni yesipoko kukhona ukugoqa okuphuzi okuphuzi. Imivimbo emhlophe ephikweni inciphile.

AmaMuscovites ahlala eCaucasus angaphansi kwezinkampani ezimbili - R. a. derjugini (Ugu lolwandle olumnyama lweCaucasus) no R. a. michalowskii (North Caucasus). Zihluke kancono komunye nomunye, izinyoni zezingosi zokugcina zidonsa ngamafuphi futhi ziyaluza kusuka ngezansi, futhi zombili zihluke kakhulu kwizinyoni zohlobo oluthile lokuqokwa emzimbeni ophakeme, iphiko kanye noqhwaku, izihlahla zomnqumo ezimpunga, amabala amhlophe qakala kanye nezinhlangothi ezicebile. I-Muscovite ihlukile kuyo yonke enye i-titmouse esifundeni ngosayizi wayo omncane, umsila omfishane, ubukhona bemivimbo emhlophe ephikweni kanye nendawo emhlophe ehlukile ngemuva kwekhanda. Ngokungafani ne-tit enkulu, ku-plumage yeMuscovite awukho umbala ophuzi nohlaza okotshani, akukho "thayi" omnyama - umucu obanzi ovela phansi komphimbo kuya esiswini.

Vota ethule, amade, "shuak." Ukusethwa kwezingcingo kufaka phakathi ikhwela eliqondayo "Puy. », «oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. », «tuiit. ", Amabinzana abhangqiwe"syupii. », «vii. "I-trill eyomile"tirrrrrr-ti. "Isimilo se-twitter esheshayo"i-bbc bbc. ", Kufana kakhulu nokufinya kwenkosi enamakhanda aphuzi. Ingoma ibinzana eliphindaphindwa kabili noma kathathu elivumelanayopee », «ti vi tiu. "noma"pii-tii. ". Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bayacula.

Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Kuhlala amahlathi ahlanganayo futhi axubile e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika. Amanani abantu bendawo ephakathi neCaucasus ahlala phansi, abantu basenyakatho benza izindawo ezihlala njalo zobusika ngaseningizimu. Kwezinye izikhathi zobusika, izinyoni zohlobo lwamagama aqokiwe zingavela eCaucasus. Ema-biotopes ahambisanayo, kuvame kakhulu, kepha ngenxa yomkhuba wokuphaka esigabeni esiphakeme kakhulu sezithsaba nezwi elithe ukuthula, iMuscovite ayibonakali njengamanye ama-tits. Enye yezinyoni ezijwayelekile zobusika emapaki amadolobha nasezigcawini.

Indlela yokuphila. Izintandokazi ze-Biotopic kuma-Muscovites ase-Europe naseCaucasian ziyehluka kakhulu. Izakhamizi zaseYurophu zihlala zinamahlathi anqabile, angaxubeki kangako, akhetha i-spruce, uphayini, i-larch ne-birch. ICaucasian ihlala emahlathini aqhakaza i-oki ne-beech. Ukudla kufaka ama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene, imbewu ye-coniferous, i-buds, amantongomane, i-birch sap, i-aspen, imephu. Lapho ifuna ukudla, le nyoni iyashesha kakhulu, njengoba iqala ukuzuma ibheka emaphethelweni egatsha elincanyana, ingagibela kalula iziqu ezibheke phezulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi idla phansi. Imvamisa kuvakashelwa abondli. Igcina ukudla kwasebusika kusuka ngoJuni kuze kube nguDisemba, imbewu enobukhulu obuningi, imvamisa ye-invertebrates. Esikhathini esingazalwanga, kugcina imihlambi, ijoyina ngenkuthalo imihlambi exubile yezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, imvamisa ihlangana nama-chubs, ama-grenadiers, ama-pikas namakhosi.

Isikhathi esidlekayo siqala ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi. I-Monogamous, imibhangqwana iyaqhubeka kukho konke impilo. Isidleke sihlela emgodleni wemvelo noma emgodini wakudala, kaningi emifantwini yamatshe nasemiseleni yamacici amancane. Owesifazane uzakhela isidleke, ku-amaqanda ama-5-13 amaqanda amhlophe anamaqanda abomvu noma ansundu amabala, insikazi ifukamela izinsuku eziyi-14-16. Ukondla amachwane kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-18- 22, bobabili abazali bayondla. Ngokungafani nama-tits amaningi, izinyoni ezincane ezisanda kuphuma esidlekeni ziziphatha ngokunakekela futhi zingashiyi isihlahla esidlekayo ngezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala.

Izici zangaphandle zama-Muscovites

Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi i-tit emnyama, ngoba iMuscovite inombala wezimpaphe obengezela. Uma ubhekisisa le nyoni, uyabona: inomlomo omncane kodwa obukhali omnyama, izihlathi ezimhlophe, futhi yonke indawo ekhanda imnyama ngombala ngokwemvelo. Umuntu uthola umbono wesigaxa lapho kuhlala khona i-titmouse.

Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu babeyibiza ngokuthi i-camouflage, bagxila kumbala. Izimpiko zinombala omnyama futhi umucu omhlophe odlulayo ubonakala kuzo, ezihlobisa zonke izimpaphe ngokuvumelanayo.

Isisu ngumbala grey. Ngenxa yalo mbala, iMuscovite icasha ngobuciko kubantu abazingelayo. Ukukhanya kanye nomoya (airness) kuyamsiza ukuthi abambe ngokushesha, ngoba isisindo senyoni ingama-gramu ayi-12, futhi ubukhulu bawo ngamasentimitha ayi-11 kuphela.

Habitat

IMoscow akuyona inyoni ekhethiweyo futhi esebenza kanzima. Ngeke neze ihlale ngaphandle kokudla, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukundiza iye emadolobheni, ihlale eduze kwabantu, emapaki, emasimini.

Kodwa-ke, ihlathi le-coniferous liyindawo ekahle yokuhlala kwakhe. Lapha uvumelana nezimo ngobuhlakani, kodwa uhlola ngokucophelela indawo ngaphambi kokwakha isidleke.

Izinyoni ziyabonakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Izimo zesimo sezulu zilungele ama-Muscovites, kepha uma kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, kungenza izindiza. Lokhu akusebenzi kulabo abamele abaye bazinza emadolobheni. Kulokhu, indawo abahlala kuyo iba unyaka wonke.

Kodwa-ke, kube nezimo lapho ezindaweni zaseSakhalin, imihlambi yabo yayiqukethe amakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane zamaMuscovites. Ososayensi bakuchaza lokhu ngokuthi ubusika bunzima kakhulu kule ndawo yaseRussia.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi inyoni inomusa, yamukela ngenjabulo izihlobo zayo emhlambini. Isibonelo: i-pika, i-crsteded ne-tit-red-tit, inkosi enekhanda eliphuzi kanye ne-froth.

Izici zokudlela ama-Muscovites

Ama-Muscovites esidlekeni ikakhulukazi emahlathini. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalela bathola umbhangqwana futhi abahlangani nawo kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo. Insikazi ibeka amaqanda emigodini yezinye izinyoni, imvamisa i-woodpeckers, gaits.

Ngenxa yesakhiwo semvelo, inyoni ayikwazi ukuzakhela ngokuzimele isibambo, ayinayo imilomo eqinile efana ne-Woodpecker.

Futhi, uma indawo engavumeli inketho enjalo, itshe ledwala, elibekwe endaweni engafinyeleleki noma umgodi wegundane, liba yisiphephelo sesikhashana.

Ukwakheka kwesidleke kuyinqubo enzima, inyoni ebhekise kuyo ngokunakekela okukhethekile. Akusuki emahlumela, kepha kusuka izimpaphe, uvolo, imous, ihhashi, kwesinye isikhathi ama-cobwebs.

Ngenxa yalokhu, igcina ngokuthembekile ukushisa ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo, okuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinobusika obunzima baseRussia.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda kabili ngonyaka - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kanye ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Amaqanda amancane amhlophe kucezu olunsundu. I-clutch yokuqala ayidluli amaqanda ama-5, i-9 yesibili.

Owesifazane ubamba inzalo ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-15, ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa uzibandakanya kokukhishwa kokuphakelayo. Isici esahlukile sesikhathi sokuzalela kuMuscovites siyacula, ngoba sikhomba le nkathi empilweni yenyoni.

Ukondla amachwane kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-20. Emva kwalokho, izinyoni ezincane aziphumi masinyane esidlekeni, kodwa ngemuva kokuba ziqine. Umbhangqwana udla inzalo ndawonye.

Incazelo

Ingxenye encane, eshibilika yomzimba omnyama kahle futhi inomsila omfushane. Ubukhulu nesakhiwo kufaniswa ne-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubude bomzimba ongu-10-11,5 cm, isisindo esingu-7.2-12 g. Ikhanda ne-nape emnyama, izihlathi ezingcolile zimhlophe, umphimbo kanye nesifuba siphezulu kuyindawo enkulu emnyama ngesimo sehembe. Izimpaphe zekhanda kwesinye isikhathi ziphakeme ngendlela efana ne-crest, ephinyiselwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu. Phezulu kungwevu okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuyi-brownish tint nokuhlanganisa okuhlanganayo ezinhlangothini. Phansi kumhlophe qwa ngombala onsundu. Izimpiko nomsila zingwevu onsundu. Imivimbo emibili ekhanyayo ekhanyayo ibonakala kahle emaphikweni. Kukhona ibala elincane elimhlophe emuva kwekhanda - uphawu oluhlukanisa uphawu lwale nhlobo.

Kuculwa kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, iculo liyi-troron melicic enamalungu amabili noma amathathu ahambelana nezingoma ze-tit enkulu ne-blue tit. Imvamisa iyacula, ihlale phezu kwesihlahla inokubuka okuhle nxazonke. Ucingo oluqondene nomndeni ucingo olufushane noma oluphindaphindayo lwe-sonorous elithi “qi-qi” noma elithi “cyt” elishiwo kunothi elilodwa. Ukwehluka - i-melodic "цию ----» »» »» », ephindwe njalo ngokugcizelelwa kwesilabhasi yesibili.

Izindlela ezingaphezulu kwama-20 ezingama-Muscovites zihlukaniswa, ngokuya ngombala othile, ubukhulu be-tuft nosayizi. Ukukhonjwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezingaphansi kwemigwaqo kuvame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi yokuthi izindawo ezisatshalaliswa ziyahlangana futhi abantu ngabanye banezimpawu zezinhlanga eziningi, nangenxa yokuhlukahluka kwendawo. Uhlu lokubhaliswa kunikezwe esigabeni seSystematics.

Indawo

Indawo yokusatshalaliswa izifunda ezingamahlathi zase-Eurasia yonke indlela ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga, kanye nasezintabeni ze-Atlas nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeTunisia e-Afrika. Kuya enyakatho eScandinavia naseFinland kukhuphukela kuma-67 ° C. sh., engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia kuze kufike ku-65 ° C. sh., esigodini sase-Ob kuze kufike ku-64 ° c. sh., empumalanga kuya ku-62nd parallel, ogwini lwePacific olwandle oluya e-Okhotsk. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kunabantu abangabodwa eningizimu yeKamchatka. Umngcele wokuhlala oseningizimu wokuhlala cishe uhlangana nomngcele we-steppe zone futhi udlula emithambekeni eseningizimu yeCarpathians, iNyakatho Ukraine, iKaluga, iRyazan, i-Ulyanovsk, mhlawumbe iSouthern Urals, Altai, iNyakatho neMongolia kanye nezindawo eziphakemeyo ezise-Amur. Ngasempumalanga, umngcele udlulela eningizimu, kubandakanya izifunda ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina ngaseningizimu ukuya eLiaoning. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eChina nasezindaweni ezizungezile (eNepal, neMyanmar) kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezikhethekile. Ezinye izindawo ezingayodwa zobubanzi yiCrimea, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeTurkey, iCaucasus, iTranscaucasia, i-Iran, iSyria neLebanon (ukuthola imininingwane engaphezulu, bheka ukusatshalaliswa kwama-subspecies). Kutholakala ngaphandle kwendawo enkulu esiqhingini saseBrithani, iSicily, eCorsica, eSardinia, eCyprus, eSakhalin, eMoneron, esiqhingini saseKuril eseningizimu, iHokkaido, iHonshu, Tsushima, Jeju, Yaku, Taiwan, futhi mhlawumbe neziqhingi zaseShikoku, Kyushu, enyakatho ne-Izu neRyukyu.

Habitat

Ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini amakhulu e-coniffort, enikeza ihlathi lama-spruce. Okungaphansi kakhulu emahlathini ahlanganisiwe nephayini, i-larch noma i-birch. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseningizimu yeYurophu, iCaucasus neZagros enyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-Iran, kunezindawo ezinamagquma ezinamahlathi ezilawulwa i-Aleppo pine (I-Pinus halepensis), Pitsunda uphayini (I-Pinus brutia), oki ne-beech. ENyakatho Afrika, kwenzeka emitshalweni yejuniper neyomsedari. Imvamisa ayikhuphuki ngaphezu kwe-1800 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, yize ezintabeni ze-Atlas kuphawulwa endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-2500 m, naseHimalayas eningizimu nentshonalanga yeChina kuze kufike ku-4570 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

Uhlobo lokuhlala

Ngokuvamile uhlobo lokuhlala phansi, uma kwenzeka kuba nobusika obunzima noma ukuntuleka kokudla, kuthambekele ekuhlaselweni - ukuthunyelwa kwabantu abaningi ezindaweni ezintsha, okuthi emva kwalokho ezinye izinyoni zibuyele ezindaweni zazo ezindala zokuhlala, bese enye ingxenye ihlala endaweni entsha. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba kwenza ukuzulazula kube mpo, kwehlele ezigodini, lapho ikhava leqhwa lingaphansi khona. Ngesikhathi sokufuya, kugcinwa ngababili, isikhathi sonke sichithwa ngemihlambi, ubukhulu bawo ngokuvamile abudluli abantu abangama-50, kepha eSiberia bangafika amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zabantu. Ama-Flocks ahlala exutshwa futhi, ngaphezu kwama-Muscovites, angafaka amakhanda abomvu, ama-titmouse, i-pika ejwayelekile, inkosi enekhanda eliphuzi nesikali.

Ukuzala

Isikhathi sokufuya siqala ngasekupheleni kukaMashi siye ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, kanti ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zobubanzi zingaqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Monogamous, imibhangqwana iphikelela isikhathi eside. Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela kungahlulelwa ngengoma ekhalayo yeduna ehleli esihlahleni bese imaka leyo ndawo. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, izinyoni zithuthezelisa amaphiko azo bese zenza imicu emifushane. Iduna lingakhuphuka kahle emoyeni, selisakaze amaphiko alo nomsila walo. Indawo yokwakha isidleke imvamisa iyisigodi esincane sesihlahla se-coniferous esiphakeme esingaba imitha ngaphezulu komhlaba, imvamisa ishiywe yi-motley Woodpecker encane, igajethi enekhanda elinsundu, noma ezinye izinyoni. Kungatholakala nasesiqwini esibolile, emgodini wegundane lobumba noma edwaleni okunomnyango omncane. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa imbobo yokufakelwa. Isidleke sakhiwe ngenkomishi, siqukethe imicu exutshwe nehhashi, futhi ifakwe uboya obuvela ngaphakathi, kwesinye isikhathi izimpaphe nama-cobwebs. Ihlobo lincane kakhulu, ububanzi balo ngokuvamile aludluli kuma-25-30 mm. Owesifazane oyedwa uhlanganyela ekuhleleni isidleke.

Iningi labantu livame ukuba nezinduku ezimbili, ezokuqala zazo zenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kuthi eyesibili ibe ngoJuni. ENyakatho Afrika naseCorsica kuphela, inzalo izalwa kanye kuphela. I-clutch yokuqala iqukethe amaqanda ama-5 - 13, amaqanda ama-6-9. Amaqanda amhlophe anama-red-brown ansundu, avame ukuba mfushane eduze komphetho omfushane. Osayizi beqanda: (13-18) x (10-13) mm. Insikazi ifukamela izinsuku eziyi-14-16, kuyilapho owesilisa ethola ukudla kwayo. Kuphela amachwane aqwekwe ambozwe nge-grey fluff emakhanda nasemhlane. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhamuluka kwabo ngokuzwakalayo nangomusa kuzwakala kukude. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-3-4, insikazi ihlala esidlekeni, ifudumele amaphuphu, futhi kamuva ijoyine owesilisa bese ihlangana naye ithola ukudla kokuzalwa. Isisu sokuqala sivame ukubonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-18- 22, ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinti, amaphuphu ezindizayo ahlala ubusuku esidlekeni izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kokuba ahlakaze. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, izinyoni ezincane nezikhulile zivundla emihlambini, zivame ukuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo. Isikhathi sokuphila seMuscovites yiminyaka engu-9 noma ngaphezulu.

Umsoco

Esikhathini sokuzalela, ukhetha izinambuzane ezinhlobonhlobo nezibungu zazo. Ngobuningi, idla ama-aphid, izimvemvane, izimpungushe, amabhungane ahlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi i-weevils, amabhungane amabhungane), izintuthwane, izimpukane, izimpukane ze-caddis, ama-orthopterans (izintethe, amakhethini), ama-hymenopteran, ama-retina, njll ekwindla nasebusika, eshintsha ukutshala imbewu, ikakhulukazi amaConifers futhi adla ikakhulukazi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuntu uvame ukubona izinyoni zilenga kusuka kwizigaxa ze-spruce futhi zikhishwe imbewu ngaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwe-spruce, udla imbewu kaphayini, i-larch, yew, i-sequoia, i-cypress, i-cryptomeria, i-beech, i-sycamore, amajikijolo e-juniper.

Endabeni yokwehluleka kwezitshalo, imihlambi ifudukela ezindaweni ezihlaselwe yilezi zinhlobo - amahlathi aqinile, ama-tundra, ama-steppes amahlathi nezindawo ezitshaliwe zomhlaba. Ebusika, uvame ukuvakashela abondli ezingadini nasemapaki, lapho anelisekile yimbewu, amantongomane, ukhilimu emaphaketheni obisi alengisiwe, nezinsalela zokudla. Imfucuza ikhipha phakathi kwamahlamvu ezihlahla engxenyeni engenhla yomqhele, noma ihlola izigaxa eziwile phansi. Yenza ukubekelela ubusika, kufihla imbewu nezinambuzane ezilukhuni emisebeni yegxolo ephakeme ngenhla komhlaba, noma ezindaweni ezifihliwe emhlabathini.

Umnotho

UMuscovite ngaphansi kwegama lesiLatini I-Parus ater wachazwa ngokwesayensi uCarl Linnaeus ngonyaka we-1758 kuhlelo lwe-10 loHlelo Lwezemvelo.Leli gama lisasetshenziswa iningi lama-ornithologists, kufaka phakathi isiRussia, futhi ngaphansi kwegama I-Periparus Sicabangela isizinda sezinhlobo ezingaphansi ezihlobene, ezibandakanya iMoscow. Iningi labachwepheshe, kubandakanya namalungu e-American Society of Ornithologists I-Periparus kuhlobo oluhlukile, kucatshangelwa imiphumela yocwaningo lwe-mtDNA, ngokusho kweMuscovite nezinye izinhlobo kusondele kakhulu kumagajethi kunakwamanye ama-tits. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyasetshenziswa futhi kubhekiselelwe kwi-birds of World.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

• P. a. i-ater (I-Linnaeus, 1758) - Enyakatho, Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Yurophu, eSiberia ngaseningizimu kuya ezintabeni zase-Altai, eSakhalin, eNyakatho neMongolia, eNortheast China (Manchuria, Eastern Liaoning), Izifunda zaseKorea, izindawo ezisentshonalanga nezaseningizimu ye-Asia Minor, eNyakatho yeSyria, eLebanon. ,
• P. a. britannicus (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) - IGreat Britain, izifunda zase-Ireland ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga.
• P. a. hibernicus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1910) - I-Ireland,
• P. a. vieirae (Nicholson, 1906) - I-Iberian Peninsula,
• P. a. isardiyasi (O. Kleinschmidt, 1903) - ECorsica, eSardinia,
• P. a. atlas (Meade-Waldo, 1901) - Mororussia,
• P. a. ledouci (Malherbe, 1845) - eNyakatho ne-Algeria, eTunisia,
• P. a. moltchanovi (Menzbier, 1903) - South Crimea,
• P. a. cypriotes (Egqokile, 1888) - ECyprus,
• P. a. derjugini I-Zarudny neLoudon, ngo-1903 - eCaucasus eseNingizimu-ntshonalanga, eTurkey mpumalanga,
• P. a. michalowskii (Bogdanov, 1879) - ICaucasus (ngaphandle kweningizimu-ntshonalanga), eCentcaucasia eseCentral naseMpumalanga,
• P. a. gaddi I-Zarudny, 1911 - I-Southeast Azerbaijan, Northern Iran,
• P. a. chorassanicus (Zarudny & Bilkevitch, 1911) - I-Turkmenistan eseNingizimu-ntshonalanga, iNortheast Iran,
• P. a. phaeonotus (Blanford, 1873) - I-Iran eseNingizimu-ntshonalanga (Izintaba Zagros),
• P. a. rufipectus (Severtsov, 1873) - Ephakathi naseMpumalanga iTien Shan empumalanga ye-Kazakhstan kanye nasempumalanga ye-Kazakhstan kanye nentshonalanga yezifundazwe ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga yeChina (entshonalanga neXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region),
• P. a. martensi (Eck, 1998) - IKali Gandaki River Valley (Central Nepal),
• P. a. aemodius (Blyth, 1845) - Imithambeka esempumalanga yeHimalayas (empumalanga yeCentral Nepal), eCentral China (kusuka eningizimu neGansu kanye naseningizimu yeShaanxi kuye eningizimu yeSizan nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeYunnan), eNyakatho Ntshonalanga neMyanmar.
• P. a. pekinensis (UDavid, 1870) - I-Eastern China (ukusuka eSouth Liaoning eningizimu kuya ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeSanxi, Hebei kanye nezifundazwe zaseShandong),
• P. a. kuatunensis (La Touche, 1923) - I-Southeast China (ukusuka eSouth Anhui kuya eningizimu kuya eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Fujian),
• P. a. insularis (Hellmayr, 1902) - I-South Kuril Islands, Japan,
• P. a. ptilosus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1912) - ITaiwan.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala yezinyoni zeMuscovites

Inyoni kaMuscovite mncane kunondlunkulu ojwayelekile, ubude bawo abudluli ku-10 cm cm, futhi isisindo singama-9-10 g kuphela. Ngokwezifundo zesayensi, inhliziyo yalokhu imvuthuluka incishiswa cishe izikhathi eziyi-1200 ngomzuzu.

Ngokubukeka, iMuscovite ifana kakhulu nesihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu - kepha isithembiso sangaphansi ngobukhulu futhi sinesakhiwo somzimba esihlanganisiwe namaplamu aswele. Ngenxa yokuvelela kwezimpaphe ezimnyama ekhanda nasentanyeni, uMuscovite uthole igama lakhe lesibili - elimnyama.

Njengoba sekushiwo, ingxenye engenhla yekhanda leMuscovite ipendiwe emnyama, njengehembe ngaphambili nangaphansi komlomo. Izimpaphe ezikumqhele kwesinye isikhathi ziba ngaphezulu futhi zenze i-perky crest.

Izihlathi zinamapheya amhlophe, ahlukanisa kahle ikhanda nekhanda. Ukukhula okuncane kungahlukaniswa kubantu abadala ngombala ophuzi walezi zihlathi ezifanayo; lapho zikhula, umbala ophuzi uyanyamalala.

Izimpiko, emuva nomsila wale nyoni zipendiwe ngamathoni ansundu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu sikhanya grey, sicishe saba mhlophe, izinhlangothi nazo zikhanya ngokuthinta i-ocher. Imivimbo emhlophe emhlophe ehlukanisiwe ibonakala ngokusobala emaphikweni. Amehlo ama-Muscovites amnyama, ephathekayo, ungasho kabi.

Kusuka kwabanye abameleli be-titmouse, njenge-Blue Tit, i-Great Tit noma eside-tailed, eMoscow inebala elimhlophe elikhanyayo emuva kwekhanda. Kungenxa yokuthi kulula ukuyikhomba.

Lolu hlobo lwe-tits luthanda amahlathi e-coniffort, iningi lamahlathi akhula kancane, kanti ngenkathi ebandayo atholakala emahlathini axubile nasezindaweni zezithelo. IMoskovka iyisihambeli esivamile sokuphaka imikhombe, yize igwema izindawo zokuhlala nabantu.

Indawo yokuhlala kwe-tit emnyama ibanzi impela. UMoscow uhlala kuma-massifs we-coniffort kulo lonke ubude bezwekazi lase-Euro.

Futhi, lezi zincanyana zingatholakala eziNtabeni ze-Atlas nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeTunisia, lapho zihlala khona emahlathini emisedari nasethangeni lomjuniper. Kutholakale inani labantu abahlukene eSakhalin, Kamchatka, ezinye iziqhingi zaseJapan, kanye naseSicily, eCorsica nasendaweni yeGreat Britain.

Isimo nendlela yokuphila yamaMuscovites

I-Muscovite, njengezihlobo zayo, inokuhamba okukhulu. Ziphila impilo ehleliwe, zifuduka amabanga amafushane uma kuphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushoda kokudla. Ezinye izinyoni zibuyele ezindaweni zazo zangempela zinezimo ezithuthukisiwe, ezinye zithanda ukuzidlela ezintsha.

Bahlala emihlambini enezinamba ezingaphezu kwezingama-50, yize eSiberia imihlambi yayibonwa ngabasebenza ngama-ornithologists lapho kwakukhona amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zabantu. Imvamisa le miphakathi yezinyoni inomlingiswa oxubile: Ama-Muscovites ahlala ndawonye ne-titmouse yama-crested, amachwane namaphikshi.

Le titmouse encane ivame ukugcinwa ekudingisweni. Ujwayela umuntu ngokushesha futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili uqala ukukhipha okusanhlamvu esandleni sakhe. Uma usinaka njalo lesi sidalwa esinemibala ekhanyekayo, ungafinyelela imiphumela esheshayo - iMoscow izoba yincwadi ebhaliwe ngokuphelele.

Lawa ma-tuni kuphela okuvela emndenini wawo ongazizwa kahle kakhulu empilweni kusuka esitokisini. Photo of Muscovite tit, izinyoni, engahlukaniswa ngobuhle obukhethekile, kungenzeka kungadonseli ukunaka okuningi, okungenakushiwo ngamakhono akhe wokuphamba.

Ochwepheshe bavame ukutshala ama-Muscovites egumbini elilodwa nama-canaries ukuze labo kamuva bafunde ukucula kahle kusuka esithebeni. Ingoma ye-Muscovite iyafana nokuthathwa kwe-tit enkulu, noma kunjalo, iyashesha futhi yenziwa ngamanothi aphezulu.

Lalela izwi laseMoscow

Izingcingo ezijwayelekile ziyinto efana ne- "pit-pit-pt-pit", "t-p-p-p-p" noma "c-c-s-si", kepha uma inyoni ishaqekile ngento ethile, uhlobo lwe-tweet luhluke ngokuphelele; imisindo ekhalayo, kanye “tyuyuyu” odabukisayo. Vele, ngamazwi kunzima ukutshela ngawo wonke ama-nuances okuculwa kwezinyoni, kungcono ukukuzwa kube kanye.

Ama-Muscovites aqala ukucula ngoFebhuwari futhi kulo lonke ihlobo, ekwindla acula kaningi futhi ngokunganqikazi. Esikhathini sasemini, bahlala eziqongweni zezindlwana noma zikaphayini, lapho kunombono omuhle womaphethelo wabo wehlathi, bese beqala ikhonsathi yabo.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Ama-vidogo amancane ahlala emaphaketheni osayizi abaphakathi. Kusuka kwababili, ishumi nambili kuye kumakhulu amaningana abantu. Umhlambi uhlanganisa indawo yamakhilomitha skwele ambalwa. Akenzi izindiza zesizini. Kepha ngesinye isikhathi, wonke umhlambi ungathuthela insimu entsha.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxenye yomhlambi ibuyela ezindlini ezisanda kulahlwa. Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa komhlambi. Ngakho-ke, amasimu amasha ayakhiwa. Imvamisa imihlambi exubile ihlelwe. Zingahlanganisa izinyoni ezincane ezincane: I-Muscovite, ende enomsila we-tit, wand nabanye. Ukuba khona ngokuhlanganyela kukhulisa amathuba okusinda.

Ubukhulu obuncane nokungakwazi ukundiza isikhathi eside kwenza izinyoni zihlale phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahla. Bona (ama-Muscovites) abahlali ezindaweni ezivulekile. Bathanda amahlathi e-coniferous; emingceleni eseningizimu yebanga labo, bangahlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe nephayini, i-larch nejuniper kuwo.

I-Moskovka kaningi kunezinye i-tits ezigcina ekhaya labathandi bezinkukhu. Isizathu silula - sibekezelela ukudingiswa kangcono kunabanye. Futhi inezwi elicacile, elihle. Ingoma yakhe ifana nokuzwakala kwezwi le-tit enkulu, kodwa elinamandla kakhulu, lide, lihle. Le nyoni ithatha amanothi aphezulu kakhulu; ikhombisa ukuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene.

Lalela izwi laseMoscow

I-titmouse isetshenziswa ngokushesha kokuqukethwe kuseli, iba yincwadi ngokuphelele. Ungahlala ekudingisweni isikhathi eside. Ikakhulu uma umukhetha. Kunoma yikuphi, inyoni (enaso noma ngaphandle kwesithandwa) iyabekezelela ukuhlala ndawonye nezinye izinyoni ekheji elivamile, i-aviary.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi impukane i-moss iyinyoni encane kakhulu, umuntu angasho obucayi, it-contraindication in coexistence in umakhelwane osebenza kakhulu, onolaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esekhombeni elivamile, isicupho se-moss siyeka ukucula.

Okuphakelayo ekudingisweni kumele kufane nalokho inyoni ekwazi ukungena ehlathini, okungukuthi, ukudla okujwayelekile kwenyoni. Lezi ziyimbewu ye-birch, i-hemp, imbewu eshidilikisiwe ye-sunflower, Izigaxa ze-spruce ezomile.

Udlani uMoscow

Njengoba iMuscovite akuyona inyoni ethokomele, ukudla kwayo kuhlukahluka, kepha kuya ngesizini. Ngenkathi efudumele, lezi izinambuzane, amacimbi ahlukahlukene, izimbungulu, ama-aphid, izicabucabu, amabhu. Kancane kancane ithathelwa indawo yimbewu abayithandayo ye-coniferous, izithelo ezinamajikijolo amajikijolo nezithelo.

Indawo yokuhlala kwamaMuscovites nayo idlala indima enkulu. Isibonelo, emadolobheni, inyoni idla lokho engakuthola, futhi futhi ngenxa yokudla okuhambisanayo okuvela ezandleni zabantu. Lezi imvuthuluka yesinkwa, okusanhlamvu, amantongomane ngisho namaswidi. Imvamisa, lezi zinyoni zingabonakala ezindaweni ezinkulu emadolobheni, lapho zinendawo enhle, ngoba kuhlala kunokudla.

Ukuphila endle, i-tit tit emnyama iyachuma. Unyaka wonke, ucasha ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezitoko zezihlahla ezidla ubusika bonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza lokhu ukuze iqhwa lingangeni ku-"pantry" futhi kungalimazi ukubekelwa eceleni isikhathi esinzima.

UMoskovka uyinyoni, ngaphandle kokucula okungenakwenzeka ukuthi ucabange ngentwasahlobo yokuqala nedolobha eliphithizelayo. Iziqu zakhe zikhona ngokuhlukahluka okuthathu, kepha zonke zihlukaniswa imisindo ekhethekile yemvelo, futhi ifulethi elimbambile lihlala libamba iso.
Bukela ividiyo ukuthi i-tit Muscovite ibukeka kanjani:

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-Periparus ater Muscovite iyinyoni okuyi-Passeriformes ye-oda, umndeni weTitmouse, i-genus Periparus, izinhlobo zeMuscovite. IMoscow ingeyokudalwa kwakudala kwezinyoni zangaphansi. Abantu bokuqala-onogwaja babehlala iplanethi yethu emuva ngesikhathi se-Eocene. Kulezi zinsuku, i-oda lama-passerines liqukethe kakhulu; lifaka izinhlobo ezingama-5400.

Lezi zinyoni zigcwele emhlabeni wonke. Uhlobo lwe-Periparus ater esifundeni sethu lumelelwa yizinhlangano ezintathu, ezimbili zazo ziyingxenye yeqembu lokubhaliswa kwe-phaeonotus; lezi zinyoni zisatshalaliswa ikakhulu eTurkey, eMiddle East naseCaucasus. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe lethu, isiza sikaR. A. i-ater.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani iMoscow?

I-Muscovite ifana kakhulu nama-tits ajwayelekile, kepha nokho ama-Muscovites ahlukile kwamanye amalungu alo mndeni. Lezi zidalwa zithathwa njengezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke emndenini we-tit. Ubukhulu benyoni ukusuka kuqhwaku kuya emsileni cishe ngu-11 cm, kuthi iMuscovite inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-8-12 kuphela.

Uqhwaku luqondile, luncane ngosayizi. Ikhanda lincane, liyindilinga ngesimo. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinyoni umbala wazo ongajwayelekile. Kuqokonyiswa izihlathi ezimhlophe esihlathini sezinyoni. Kusukela uqhwaku kulo lonke ikhanda umbala umnyama. Kubukeka sengathi kufakwa “imaskhi” ebusweni benyoni, yingakho le nyoni ibizwa ngegama.

Ngenkathi uMuscovite ejabule, uphakamisa izimpaphe ebunzini lakhe ngendlela ye-crest encane. Kukhona nebala elimhlophe ngaphezulu kwenyoni. Imibala esemqoka ingwevu kanye nsundu. Izimpaphe ekhanda zimnyama nge-tint yesiliva-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe zimpunga emaphikweni ama-Muscovites; kunemidwebo ngesimo imicu emhlophe. Umsila uqukethe inqwaba yezimpaphe.

Abesilisa nabesifazane bacishe bahlukaniswe ngaphandle. Izinsana zinombala ofana nezinyoni ezindala. Isigqoko esimnyama esicishe sibe mnyama ngombala onsundu, esihlathini esingemuva kwekhanda lapho kufanele kube khona amabala amhlophe, umbala uphuzi. Imivimbo emaphikweni ibuye ibe ne-tint ephuzi.

Ukugcotshwa kwalezi zinyoni kuzwakala yonke indawo ukusuka maphakathi no-Mashi kuya kuSepthemba. AmaMuscovites acula ngokuthula, izwi elixakile. Ingoma iqukethe imishwana emibili noma emithathu eyinkimbinkimbi yohlobo: "tuiit", "pii-tii" noma "CCC". Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlabelela ndawonye. I-repertoire yenyoni eyodwa ingaba nezingoma ezingaba ngu-70. Amathayi kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziselwa ukufundisa ukucula kwe-canary. Endle, ama-mosses aphila cishe iminyaka engu-8-9.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-Muscovites anenkumbulo enhle kakhulu, angakhumbula izindawo lapho kutholakala khona ukudla, abantu abondla izinyoni, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezingazazi, lezi zinyoni zingathola isidleke sazo nezindawo ezazifihle kuzo ukudla.

Manje uyazi ukuthi inyoni yaseMuscovite ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibheke ukuthi litholakala kuphi ibala elimnyama.

Uhlala kuphi uMuscovite?

Photo: bird Muscovite

AmaMoscovite ahlala emahlathini ase-Eurasia, eNyakatho Afrika. Kutholakala nasezintabeni ze-Atlas, e-Afrika naseTunisia. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, lezi zinyoni zingatholakala eFinland nasenyakatho neRussia, eSiberia. Lezi zinyoni eziningi zihlala eKaluga, Tula, esifundeni saseRyazan, ezihlala e-Urals nasenyakatho neMongolia. Futhi futhi lezi zinyoni zihlala eSyria, eLebanon, eTurkey, eCaucasus, eIran, eCrimea naseTranscaucasia. Ngezinye izikhathi omiyane bangatholakala esiqhingini saseSisily, eBritish Isles, eCyprus, eHonshu, eTaiwan naseziqhingini zaseKuril.

Ama-Muscovite ahlala ikakhulu emahlathini angenalutho. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlathi elixubekile lingazikhethela impilo yonke. Uma uhlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, isidleke emithambekeni enamahlathi lapho kukhula khona amaphayini kanye ne-oki. Akuvamile ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, nokho, eHimalaya, lezi zinyoni zibonakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4 500. AmaMuscovites awalokothi ahlale phansi futhi angahlola izindawo ezintsha lapho efuna ukudla.

Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile eCaucasus naseningizimu yeRussia, izinyoni ziphila impilo yokuhlala. Futhi futhi lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlala ubusika, kuthi maphakathi neRussia zithuthele emapaki nasezigcawini. Ama-Muscovites isidleke ehlathini. Lezi zinyoni ngokuvamile azenzi ukufuduka kwesizini, noma kunjalo, lapho kungekho khona ukudla noma ebusika obunesihluku, izinyoni zingenza izindiza zemihlambi zihlola izindawo ezintsha.

Izindawo ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola izidleke, ezimweni ezingavamile zivama ezindaweni zabo ezintsha. Isidleke sitholakala emgodini noma kwenye indawo yemvelo. Kwezinye izikhathi angahlala emgodini oshiywe ngamagundane amancane. Ngenxa yobuningi bezitha endle, kanye nokwehluleka kwezindiza ezinde, amaMoscovites azama ukuhlala eduze kwezihlahla nezihlahlana.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: UMoskovka, uyisiteshana esimnyama

Ama-Muscovites, njengama-tiles amaningi, ahamba phambili kakhulu. Zihlala zihamba phakathi kwezihlahla, zikhasa ngamagatsha zifuna ukudla. Bahola indlela yokuphila ehleliwe, abathandi ukufuduka futhi bashiya izindawo zabo ezijwayelekile kuphela ezimweni zokuntuleka kokudla, noma isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Ukuze izinyoni ezidlekayo zithande ukubuyela ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile.

AmaMuscovite ahlala emihlambi emincane yabantu abangama-50-60, nokho, eSiberia kanye nezimo zaseNyakatho, kwakukhona imihlambi lapho kwakukhona abantu abayinkulungwane. Imihlambi ihlala ixutshwa, amaMuscovite ahlangana kahle nesibazi, i-titmouse, amakhosi namapikas. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa kwezinyoni, izinyoni zihlukaniswe ngababili futhi zakha izidleke ezihlala endaweni enkulu.

Amathayi angamadoda amahle omndeni, akha izithandani cishe impilo yawo yonke, anakekele inzalo yawo isikhathi eside. Uhlobo lwezinyoni luzolile, izinyoni zihlala ngokuthula phakathi komhlambi, imvamisa azikho izingxabano. Izinyoni zasendle ziyasaba abantu, futhi zizame ukungasondeli kubantu, kepha, ebusika, isimo sezulu esibi siphoqa izinyoni ukuba ziye emadolobheni namadolobhana.

Izinyoni zishesha ukujwayela abantu. Uma uMuscovite eboshwe ekudingisweni, le nyoni ijwayela umuntu ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwesonto, inyoni ingaqala ukukwebhula imbewu ezandleni zomnikazi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inyoni ingaba yincwadi ebhaliwe ngokuphelele. Ama-Tits athembela kakhulu, ajwayela abantu kalula.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Muscovite Tit

Isikhathi sokukhwelana eMuscovites siqala ngasekupheleni kukaMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baqala ukuheha izinsikazi ngokucula okukhulu, okuzwakala yonke indawo. Futhi baphinda bazise abanye abesilisa mayelana nokuthi insimu yabo ikuphi, okubonisa imingcele yayo. Ngaphezu kokucula, abesilisa bakhombisa ukuzimisela kwabo ukwakha umndeni ukhuphuka kahle emoyeni.

Ngesikhathi somdanso wokuphelisa, owesilisa uphusha umsila wakhe namaphiko, ngenkathi eqhubeka nokucula kakhulu.Ukukhethwa kwendawo esidlekeni kungumsebenzi wesilisa, kepha insikazi ihlela indlu. Owesifazane wenza isidleke ngaphakathi emgodini omncane, emfantwini wedwala noma emjondolo osalile. Ukwakha isidleke, kusetshenziswa ama-moss athambile, izimpaphe, izinwele zezinwele zezilwane.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinsikazi zivikela kakhulu amawundlu azo; ngesikhathi sokuqokwa, insikazi ayishiyi esidlekeni cishe amasonto amabili.

Ehlobo elilodwa, amaMuscovites anesikhathi sokwenza ubumbili. I-clutch yokuqala iqukethe amaqanda angama-5-12 namafomu maphakathi no-Ephreli. I-clutch yesibili yakhiwa ngoJuni futhi iqukethe amaqanda angama-6-8. Amaqanda ama-Muscovites amhlophe ngamachashazi ansundu. I-Egg incubation ihlala cishe amasonto amabili. Kulokhu, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda cishe ngaphandle kokusuka ekuhlanganeni, bese iduna livikela umndeni futhi lithola ukudla kowesifazane.

Amachwane amancanyana azalwa embozwe ngesithambile, grey fluff. Iduna liletha amaphuphu ukudla, futhi umama liyazifudumeza futhi lizondle ezinye izinsuku ezine, bese kamuva liqala ukuthola ukudla kwamawundlu kanye nowesilisa eshiya amachwane esidlekeni. Amakati aqala ukundiza esidlekeni eneminyaka eyi-22, ngenkathi efunda ukundiza, izingane zingachitha ubusuku esidlekeni isikhathi esithe xaxa, kamuva amachwane asemasha ahamba esidlekeni, eduka emihlambini nezinye izinyoni.

Izitha zemvelo zeMuscovites

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani iMoscow?

Lezi zinyoni ezincane zinezitha eziningi zemvelo.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Izilwane ezidla izinyamazane zidla abantu abadala futhi zonakalise izidleke zazo ngokudla amaqanda nam amaphuphu, ngakho-ke lezi zinyoni ezincane zizama ukunamathela emhlambini. Imvamisa, izisulu ziba izisulu zezingane, eziqala nje ukufunda indlela ukundiza ngendlela ezisengozini enkulu ngayo. Ama-Muscovites awathandi ukuvela ezindaweni ezivulekile, akhetha ukufihla ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Lapho bazizwa bephephile.

Izinduku, ama-hedgehogs, ama-martens, izimpungushe namakati kuzobhubhisa izidleke zezinyoni, ngakho-ke izinyoni zizama ukwakha izidleke ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kulaba bantu. Bakhetha imigodi, imigodi enomnyango omncane ukuze abahlaseli bangangeni kubo.

Ama-Muscovites iningi lawo angafi ngenxa yokuxhashazwa kwabazingeli, kepha ngenxa yezimo ezinzima zemvelo. Izinyoni azibekezeleli ukubanda, ebusika, izinyoni zasendle zivame ukufa yindlala zingakutholi ukudla, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobusika esineqhwa, lapho isitoko sazo sikhukhulwa yiqhwa. Ukusinda ebusika, izinyoni zithutheleka emadolobheni ngemihlambi emincane. Abantu bangonga iningi lalezi zinyoni ezinhle ngokumane balengise i-feeder esihlahleni futhi zilethe imvuthuluka yokusanhlamvu nesinkwa lapho.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ze-Periparus ater zinesimo sezinhlobo ezidala ukukhathazeka okuncane. Inani lalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni likhulu kakhulu. Izinyoni zihlala emahlathini ase-Eurasia naseNyakatho ne-Afrika. Kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela usayizi wabantu balezi zinyoni, njengoba izinyoni zihlala emaphaketheni exubile futhi ziyakwazi ukundiza, zihlola izindawo ezintsha. Njengoba amaMuscovites ethanda ukuhlala endaweni yama-spruce kanye namahlathi axubile ezindaweni eziningi zezwe lethu, inani lalezi zinhlobo liyancipha ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi.

Isibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow, inani lalezi zinyoni lehle kakhulu. UMoskovka ubhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu yaseMoscow kanti izinhlobo zinikezwe isigaba sesibili izinhlobo ezingandile eMoscow ezinabantu abancipha. Kungaba ngu-10-12 kuphela ama-nest nest esidleke eMoscow. Mhlawumbe izinyoni zimane nje azithandi umsindo wedolobha elikhulu, futhi ngokuphila zikhetha izindawo ezinokuthula.

Mayelana nokuncipha kwesibalo salezi zinyoni eMoscow kanye nesifunda, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela izinyoni:

• Izindawo ezidumile zokudla izinyoni zitholakala ezindaweni ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile,
• amapaki nezindawo eziluhlaza endaweni ye-megalopolis ahlelwe,
• I-Ornithologists iqapha inani lalezi zinyoni eMoscow futhi idala izimo zempilo yazo.

Ezweni lonke, izinhlobo ziningi, izinyoni zizizwa zizinhle ngokwemvelo futhi zizalela masinyane ezinhlotsheni ezingadingi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile.

EMoscow inyoni ewusizo kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zingukuhleleka kwangempela ehlathini, okubhubhisa amabhungane nezinambuzane ezilimaza izitshalo futhi zithwala izifo ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni ziphatha kahle abantu, kuthi ebusika zikwazi ukundiza ziye emadolobheni ziyofuna ukudla. Kusemandleni ethu ukwenza lezi zinyoni ziphile kahle eduze kwethu. Zidinga nje ukondliwa ngesikhathi lapho emvelweni izinyoni zingenalutho lokuzondla.

Ukubukeka kweMuscovites

Le nhlwathi encane inesisindo kusuka kumagremu ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-12 futhi inobude bomzimba ongu-10 - 12 cm.Ikhanda nekhanda lenyoni kunemibala emnyama, nezihlathi zayo zimhlophe qwa.

Eduze nesihloko sesifuba kukhona ibala elimnyama elifana nekhola. Izimpaphe ezisekhanda zakha uhlobo lwama-crest amancane acocekile. Ngezansi kwale nyoni kudwetshwe ngamathoni amhlophe grey ngombala onsundu.

Umzimba ophezulu ungwephuzi-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi izinhlangothi ziyadideka. Umsila namaphiko ane-tint brown-brown. Ukuhluka kwesimo seMuscovites indawo emhlophe encane engxenyeni ye-occipital yekhanda.

Indlela yokuphila yama-Muscovites

IMuscovite ihlala emahlathini acijile, yize ngokuvamisile ingatholakala emahlathini exubile we-pine-deciduous. E-Afrika, iMuscovite ihlala emahlathini omsedari nejuniper. Ezintabeni zaseYurophu, iZagros, iCaucasus kanye nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Iran, ihlala emithambekeni emahlathini, enendawo kaPitsunda ne-Aleppo pine, kanye ne-beech ne-oki. Njengomthetho, i-tit tit emnyama ayindizeli phezulu kwamamitha angaphezu kuka-1800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kepha kwezinye izindawo kuyenzeka ngaphezulu.

Cishe yonke indawo ehlala kuyo, iMuscovite iphila impilo yokuhlala. Ebusika obubandayo kakhulu futhi ezimweni zokuntuleka kokudla, lezi zinyoni zingafudukela kwezinye izindawo, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhashana ezinye zezinyoni ziyabuya.

Isigqoko, noma "imaski", sinqume igama lasekuqaleni laseRussia lenyoni - imaskhi, esaphenduka iMuscovite.

Ezintabeni, lezi zinyoni zizulazula ziye ezigodini lapho kungekho khona iqhwa eliningi. I-Muscovite cishe sonke isikhathi igcina amaphakethe, ehlukana ibe ngababili ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ama-Flocks, njengomthetho, angena kubantu abangama-50, futhi ngokuvamile afaka izinyoni zezinye izinhlobo, njenge-pika evamile, i-titmouse evulekile, i-scallop, njll.